Search

The paper examines the issue of occupational safety of persons working outside the employer's location. Since, nowadays, the issues of legal regulation of forms of employment are gaining a certain sharpness and relevance, both from the point of view of supporting employment in general, and from the point of view of developing regulatory and legal provisions and practical recommendations for employers, who are faced with very real tasks of preserving jobs, employees and organizations the use of hired labor in new realities. Having investigated the issue of labor safety of persons working outside the employer's location, a proposal was made to include a condition on ensuring labor safety in the special conditions of the labor contract on remote work and the labor contract on home work. Since the transfer of responsibility to the employee for occupational safety and hygiene during remote and home work cannot be considered acceptable, because employers are obliged to take care of all their employees and provide a safe working environment that would not create risks to physical and mental health . In particular, the employer is obliged to make sure that: (a) the assigned work can be performed safely at home; (b) necessary corrections have been made to the tasks, ensuring their safe execution under the conditions of remote work; (c) the employee has the proper equipment and tools for safe work at home, including, if necessary, appropriate protective equipment and devices; (d) measures taken to record the equipment provided by the enterprise to simplify work and return it in an unchanged condition; (e) the employee has received appropriate information, instructions and training (including measures in the event of an emergency) and performs work under the supervision of a direct supervisor; (e) clear measures have been taken to arrange a workplace at home for those employees who have disabilities; (yes) measures have been taken to ensure the physical and psychological well-being of employees. After all, the creation of proper, safe and healthy working conditions in modern conditions is of great importance, since today the danger is different, external, military. And that is why employers in this difficult time must first of all take care of the safety of employees.

A comparative analysis of the criminal codes of ancient China and Japan is carried out. The researcher shows that the history of traditional Chinese law spans four millennia and is divided into two main stages ‒ antiquity and the Middle Ages, which are separated in the 10th century. The system of criminal responsibility, together with the purchase of gold, took shape in China back in the XX1-XV1 centuries BC. In the VIII-III centuries BC the central problem of legal thought turned out to be the administration of the state. An important role in the development of law was played by Confucius and Lao Tzu, who did not reject the use of criminal punishments in government. The criminal law of Ancient China received its own name and structure under different dynasties. After the «Canon of Laws», which consisted of 6 sections, followed the «Criminal Code of Laws from 9 chapters», later ‒ from 18 chapters, then from 12 sections. The last was the name «The name of criminal punishments and the rules of their application», which turned out to be inherited by the Tang dynasty. The author concludes that there are inherent similarities and differences. The first include the formation of the criminal law of both countries on the principles of Confucian-legalist ideas, the basis of which was the management of the state and society, the multistage process of this process, the pursuit by its creators using criminal law of one goal: ensuring the unity of the state, the strength and authority of the central government and stability in society ... The unit of redemption is the same: 596 and 600 grams of copper, the number of types of punishments: 5 versus 5, the amount of redemption from them: 1-5 jing versus 1-5 kin. The differences lie in the independent emergence of Chinese law, and Japanese law under the decisive influence of Chinese law. The formation time of Chinese law exceeded a millennium, while Japanese law took only one century. The structure of the Japanese code provided for the 8 most serious crimes against the 10 in the Chinese document. It does not contain the comments that are actually given in the Shotoku Constitution, Taika Manifesto and Taiho Re. Taiho ritsu did not mention the two most serious crimes at all: «disagreement between relatives» and «incest». 6 out of 8 of these crimes were called differently and only 2 of the latter coincided with the Chinese; «Great disrespect» (item 6) and «breach of duty» (item 8). In general, despite the differences noted, the formulation of the content of the most serious crimes by both codes was identical.

Labor relations of persons working outside the location of the employer are now partially regulated by the Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts on Improving the Legal Regulation of Telework" of 04.02.2021 № 1213-IX. In particular, the law stipulates that remote and home work are forms of work performed outside the usual place of work in the employer's premises. At the same time, in practice, many questions arise about the peculiarities of the introduction of these innovative forms of labor organization, in particular about the labor function of persons working outside the location of the employer. The purpose of the article is to determine the employment function of persons working outside the location of the employer as one of the main conditions of the employment contract. It is stated that the current Labor Code of Ukraine not only does not contain a definition of "labor function", but also does not mention this legal phenomenon. As for scientific sources, there are different definitions of labor function, which, incidentally, do not contradict each other, but complement each other. In particular, the job function is defined as certain duties that are performed, are performed or should be performed by one person. That is, this is the work that is determined by the parties to the employment contract and which, in accordance with the concluded employment contract, taking into account the profession, specialty, qualification, position must be performed by the employee. After analyzing the current legislation, it was concluded that persons working outside the location of the employer are fully subject to labor legislation, taking into account the specifics and peculiarities of the regime, which are stipulated in the employment contract. One of the main conditions of such a transaction is the condition of the job function, ie the condition of the system of responsibilities to be performed by the employee in accordance with the profession (specialty, qualification) or position, which is a form of employment and changes with it according to scientific and technological progress and the development of labor relations, the range of activities of the employee.

The subgenus Boophthora is a typical Palearctic taxon, which includes only 6 species, among them. Simulium erythrocephalum has a transpalearctic distribution. In Europe, Adler notes only the species S. erythrocephalum, and Yankovsky – two species S. (Boophthora) erythrocephalum and S. (Boophthora) chelevini. According to morphological characteristics, these species differ in their life stages. We have studied the development of S. erythrocephalum and S. chelevini from three rivers of Volyn region, Ukraine (Styr, Chornoguzka, Putylivka) from 2017 to 2019. We used the EPPO PM7 / 129 standard. Collected samples, 615-bp fragments of the COI gene were sequenced from five individuals of S. erythrocephalum and five individuals of S. chelevini and compared with four samples of S. erythrocephalum from the GenBank. We obtained the nucleotide sequence of S. chelevini. All of the S. erythrocephalum samples from Ukraine had 692 bases, the S. erythrocephalum samples from Armenia had 673 bases. S. erythrocephalum and S. chelevini did not have any intraspecific variations. These intraspecific variations were not larger than the interspecific variations. It has been proved that the populations of S. erythrocephalum and S. chelevini from medium and small rivers of Volyn do not differ in biological, behavioural and genetic characteristics. Comparison of S. erythrocephalum and S. chelevini life stages showed clear differences in 20 morphological features, which are probably manifestations of phenotypic variability. Comparison of species with data from the GenBank from Spain and Armenia on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene confirmed the opinion that S. erythrocephalum and S. chelevini are one species. On the phylogenetic tree, the data are not grouped, there is no clear separation of the clades. Bootstrap values are 95–100%, which may indicate a significant similarity of all studied samples and the lack of isolation of individual morphotypes from Volyn, Spain and Armenia. To finally confirm the taxonomic position of these two species, additional research is needed covering more individuals from different parts of Europe and analysis of more genes.

Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) are widely used as a transparent electrode in various fields of opto-and semiconductor electronics. The main materials used today are indium-tin oxide, tin-antimony oxide and zinc-aluminum oxide. The authors have developed and improved the spray-pyrolysis method, which is one of the most promising methods of implementation in production. In this work, the study of tin dioxide doped with antimony coatings and the development of a methodology for the controlled synthesis of TCO, taking into account the effect of technological modes of deposition on the TCO parameters. The results of the performed studies contribute to the development of an automated technology for the synthesis of transparent conducting oxides with desired properties.

The aim: This study was conducted to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the occupational safety and health of medical workers. Materials and methods: The study involved a questionnaire survey and full-scale physiological and hygienic research using bibliosemantic, questionnaire, hygienic, and statistical methods. Results: In the course of research it was recorded that the work of surgeons (according to the criteria of the current “Hygienic classification of work”) is characterized by high intensity (class 3.2), high probability of exposure to infectious agents (class 3.3, and 4), harmful effects of physical factors (class 3.1 ), which according to the criteria of the general hygienic assessment of working conditions according to the degree of harmfulness and danger allows being assigned to class 3.3 (“harmful”) and 4 (“dangerous”), respectively. Such working conditions provoke an increase in chronic morbidity (industrial and temporary disability), lead to the development of occupational diseases, and can pose a threat to the lives of workers. The need to focus attention on assessing the safety of hospitals in emergencies not only on issues of occupational safety and health but also on the stability and reliability of hospitals in such extreme conditions. Conclusions: The work process of doctors is characterized by the impact on their body of a complex of unfavorable production factors of psycho-physiological, biological, physical, and chemical nature, among which the leaders are high labor intensity due to intellectual and emotional load, irrational mode of work and rest, and biological factors.

Despite the importance of river suspended matter (RSM) for carbon, nutrient, and trace metal transfer from the land to the ocean, the mineralogical control on major and trace element speciation in the RSM remains poorly constrained. To gain a better understanding of environmental and seasonal factors controlling the mineral and chemical composition of riverine suspended load, we studied, over several hydrological seasons, including winter baseflow, the RSM of a large boreal river in Western Siberia (Ob in its middle course) and its two small tributaries. The concentration of RSM increased from 2–18 mg/L in winter to 15–105 mg L−1 during the spring flood. Among the dominant mineral phases of the RSM in the Ob River, quartz (20–40%), albite (4–18%), smectite (2–14%), and chlorite (6–16%) increased their relative proportions with an increase in discharge in the order “winter ≤ summer < spring flood”; illite (5–15%) was not affected by seasons or discharge, whereas the abundance of calcite (0–30%) decreased with discharge, from winter to summer and spring. Seasonal variation of elemental composition of the Ob River’s RSM allowed distinguishing three main groups of elements. Sodium, K, Si, Al, trivalent, and tetravalent hydrolysates increased their concentrations in the RSM with an increase in discharge, reflecting enhanced contribution of lithogenic material during high flow, whereas the concentration of alkaline-earth metals (Ca, Sr, Ba), P, Mn, and As decreased with discharge, reflecting accumulation of these elements in the suspended matter under ice. At the same time, a number of nutrients and trace elements demonstrated progressive accumulation in the RSM during winter (Ca, P, Cu, Zn, Mo, As, Cd, Sb). Micronutrients (V, Co), Fe, and Cr exhibited a minimum during summer, which could reflect both the uptake of these elements by the biota during baseflow (micronutrients) and their enhanced export during winter and spring compared to summer (Fe). The RSM of small tributaries demonstrated quite a different pattern compared to the Ob River main stem. Maximal concentration of suspended matter was observed at low discharges during the winter. During this period, the RSM was dominated by amorphous Fe hydroxides. Overall, the obtained results confirm the overwhelming impact of peatlands on element export in suspended form in small rivers of Western Siberia, and strong seasonal variations of both mineralogy and chemistry of the RSM in the Ob River main stem. Elemental yields (watershed-normalized export), assessed for the first time for the middle course of the Ob River and tributaries, were shifted towards the more important role of particulate vs. dissolved export for a number of trace elements, compared to that of the small and medium-sized rivers of Western Siberia, draining the taiga forest and peatlands of the boreal zone. The contrasting pattern of RSM chemical composition across the year demonstrated the importance of seasonal approach for sampling river suspended matter and calls a need for addressing strongly understudied RSM sources during winter baseflow, under ice.

This article examines the issues related to the modern views on the law and its impact on the criminal legislation of Ukraine. The analysis of the current scientific thought about the volume and meaning of the categories of “right” and “law” is carried out, their juxtaposition is explained, and it is argued that these categories differ one from another and do not coincide neither for their volume, nor for their meaning. It is suggested to use integrative approach as the most optimal in determining the impact of law and order on the implementation of domestic criminal legislation.

A methodology for the controlled synthesis of multifunctional coatings of valve metals by the method of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) was developed. It includes theoretical models describing the mechanism of oxide layers’ formation and the effect of technological parameters of the MAO process on them, and the methods of controlled synthesis. The latter allows us to carry out an automated selection of the optimal technological parameters of oxidation based on the obtained regression equations for the experimental dependences of the oxide layers’ properties on dissimilar influencing factors for the sake of required coating properties. We further propose the structure of an intelligent system for the synthesis and study of MAO coatings with a unique hardware. In particular, a pulsed technological current source provides a full range of regulation of the current pulses’ parameters; a measurement module combines measuring transducers of the parameters of the technological process and the electrophysical characteristics of oxide layers in the process of their obtainment with a guaranteed accuracy. The software contains an intelligent application that implements the proposed theoretical models and methods for obtaining coatings with the required properties. Information support contains databases and knowledge bases used in the operation of intelligent application. The results achieved in this work allow to increase the efficiency of MAO processing by reducing the time for selecting the optimal technological mode at least twice, which is a prerequisite for the development of an intelligent technology for the formation of oxide layers by the MAO method.

The article is devoted to the problems of combating cyberterrorism and cybercrime in the Baltic States. The nature of cyberterrorism in these countries features and ways to overcome it have been determined. The current state of cyberterrorism in the Baltic States and the existing forms of combating this phenomenon are studied.

The aim: The authors aimed to estimate the healthcare environment risks and safety problems of the medical staff and patients, methods of neutralizing the negative public health effects and to suggest the new approaches to improved effectiveness and reliability of the healthcare establishments functioning under the emergencies. Materials and methods: The study includes data of questioning of 163 healthcare workers of certain institutions in Ukraine using the questionnaire of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality ( the USA) on adherence to the patients’ safety culture. In this study only the data on the patients’ safety culture “response to mistakes” are represented. The more positive answers the respondents gave, the less they are aware that their mistakes and reports do not influence them negatively. Results: Hospital environment reprsents a complex multi-component system, in which specific medical and social tasks are executed, with their fulfillment accompanied with hazardous and unsafe biological, psycho-physiological, chemical, physical and social effects on the staff, patients and the environment. The joined effect of the hospital environment negative factors on the staff is stipulated for the stress and functional tiredness accumulation; it leads to increase in medical mistakes occurrence, which, in its turn, increases probability of occupational catching COVID-19, thus, raising the hospital environment risks under the COVID-19 circumstances both for the medical staff and the patients. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemics turned to be a helpful factor to define critical issues in the hospital environment safety, proving the necessity of further studies, aimed at transforming the safe hospital environment notion from its theoretical meaning into the working paradigm, minimizing practical risk in hospital establishments.

The article reflects the results of the scientific search to determine the methodological basis for the formation of the professional value of the personality of future economists, which is due to the increased requirements for this group of specialists in the context of solving the problems of innovative development of the country, ensuring economically viable activities for the benefit of the state and all its citizens. The need for comprehensive use of the leading provisions of axiological, personality-oriented, competent and environmental methodological approaches is justified, which will create effective conditions for the formation of professional values of the personality of future economists. The implementation of the process for the formation of professional personality values among students of economic specialties is connected with the organisation of an axiologically filled educational environment at the university by the authors; that will allow using a wide range of opportunities for educational and non-educational work and increase the effectiveness of pedagogic influences on the formation of professional values among future economists. The article presents the author's definition of the educational environment as a condition for the formation of professional values of the personality of future economists.

The stability of a layer of moist air above a heated surface of land or ocean is studied under the sudden influence of internal sources of heat release, which depend on the pressure and density. A dispersion equation is obtained for small 3D perturbations in a rotating atmosphere. It contains the previously known waves (acoustic, internal waves, and Brunt–​​Vaisala waves) and makes it possible to obtain a modified criterion for the onset of convective instability. This dispersion equation also makes it possible to study the effect of internal heat release on the dynamics of perturbation in these waves, including the conditions for the occurrence of instability generated by an atmospheric electric discharge. Taking into account new considered effects can lead to the identification of new instabilities and the modification of the previously known ones. The proposed system of equations allows numerical calculations of vortex flows in moist air in the near-surface layer and a more detailed study of the mechanisms of the beginning of hurricanes and tornadoes.

Looks into evaluation of information provision probability from different sources, based on use of linguistic variables. Formation of functions appurtenant for its unclear variables provides for adoption of decisions by the decision maker, in conditions of nonprobabilistic equivocation. The development of market relations in Ukraine increases the independence and responsibility of enterprises in justifying and making management decisions that ensure their effective, competitive activities. As a result of the analysis, it is determined that the condition of economic facilities can be described and determined by the decision-maker, in the presence of the necessary information. The confidence of the decision-maker in the information received is different and the decisions made have a correspondingly different level of information risk. It is important to substantiate the procedure for assessing the numerical extent of information risk in decision-making based on the information obtained in conditions of uncertainty. The use of a linguistic variable in the processing of expert data presented in the form of a matrix of binary relations of values of the membership function, which allowed to move to further processing of knowledge to support decision-making in the management of industrial, commercial, financial and other activities. As a mathematical model for estimating the numerical measure of information risk when making decisions based on the information obtained in conditions of non-stochastic uncertainty, a model has been developed to model natural language uncertainties, which differs from existing ones by formalizing knowledge taking into account uncertainty of input information. Making such a clear decision in a fuzzy environment has appropriate values of effectiveness and risk. The paper proposes all the functions and accessories of indicators of both quantitative nature and qualitative nature to bring their values in the field of definition to one scale. Then the indicator of the effectiveness of decision-making will be a measure of the clarity of the cross-section of fuzzy subsets, which correspond to the introduced indicators of information risk. The condition of economic facilities can be described and determined by the decision-maker, if the necessary information is available. Decision-making on thenumerical measure of information risk must be determined by a set of basic indicators (criteria), which can be both quantitative and qualitative in nature. Predictive values of indicators should be determined in conditions of nonstochastic uncertainty. In this case, the indicators of a quantitative nature can be determined by fuzzy triangular numbers, which implement a high level of confidence in the subjective judgments of experts. Indicators of qualitative nature should be presented in linguistic variables. The values of the indicators of qualitative nature that are predicted must be considered for all fuzzy variable terms-sets of linguistic variables introduced into consideration. For any fuzzy variable, the introduction to the consideration of a clear set of values as carriers of the α-level of its membership function allows to reduce to a single interpretation of the predicted values of indicators of quantitative and qualitative nature in terms of non-stochastic uncertainty.

Stylohyoid syndrome (Eagle Sterling syndrome) – a complex of symptoms caused by the change in the position, shape and size of the styloideus process and (or) calcification of the stylohyoideus and submucosal ligaments, resulting in irritation of the dorsal and posterior process and muscle structures. As a rule, this disease is not diagnosed because of the low awareness of practitioners. Patients with different diagnoses are treated by different specialists: dentists, ENTs, neurologists, and prolonged symptomatic treatment is ineffective. In patients with the presence of Eagle Sterling syndrome impaired performance is present and dramatically reduced quality of life, which determines the social significance and relevance of problem of diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Materials and methods: During the period from 2009 to 2020 in the department of inflammatory diseases of ENT-organs of the State Institution «O.S. Kolomiychenko Institute of Otolaryngology of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» 13 persons with this pathology (10 men and 3 women) aged from 25 to 60 years, who turned to our institution after unsuccessful treatment by a neurologist, dentist and specialists of other related specialties, were examined and operated. 3 people were diagnosed with a stylo-carotid and in 10 – stylopharyngeal type of SHS. Surgical removal of styloideus process of the temporal bone, depending on the anatomical features of the styloideus process, was performed by external access at the anterior edge of the nodding muscle (10 patients) or transoral access (3 patients). Results: No patients were observed in the postoperative period, the wounds healed with primary intention. The disappearance of the pain syndrome a few days after surgery was noted in 7 patients, in others complaints it persisted up to 1 month, while there was a positive trend, and only 1 patient remained the intensity and nature of the pain syndrome. Thus, patients with the Eagle’s syndrome have a high effect of surgical treatment and relatively short postoperative rehabilitation, which significantly improves their quality of life.

On the basis of the equivalent electrical circuit proposed by the authors, a mathematical model of the formation of protective coatings by the micro-arc oxidation method has been developed, which allows modeling the forming curve at the anodizing stage. Expressions are derived for the surface porosity of the anodic oxide film and the minimum electron current flowing through the pores during the film breakdown. The conditions for the appearance of vapor-gas bubbles are considered. Using the Kolmogorov–Johnson–Mehl– Avrami equation, the possibility of calculating the fraction of formed crystalline aluminum oxide as a result of a phase transition is shown. The research results can be used to develop a generalized mathematical model of the micro-arc oxidation process.

The article considers the problem of choosing the methodological basis of practice-oriented education, the actualisation of which in the vocational education system is caused by the innovative development of all spheres of public life and by the need to train a specialist who is capable and ready to independently solve problems in an interprofessional environment. Based on the analysis of the positions of researchers, the author’s defi nition of practice-oriented education is presented. The possibilities of axiological, culturological, personality-oriented, competency and activity-based methodological approaches to the implementation of all aspects (motivational, cognitive, activity-oriented and refl ective) of practice-oriented learning are considered. Based on this, as well as on the basis of the advantages of the competency approach for carrying out transprofessional activities, the authors substantiate the need to use a set of methodological approaches, a central place among which is given to the leading provisions of the competency approach.

The spectrophotometric method is widely used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of substances, in the study of the structure and composition of various compounds. The article solved the actual problem of spectrophotometers measuring process automating. The structure of the spectrophotometer control unit based on the Arduino Uno hardware platform has been proposed, a stepper motor driver scheme, providing replacement of the manual rotation system of the spectrophotometer diffraction grating to a system using modern stepper motors has been developed. It made it possible to increase the measurement efficiency by reducing the measurement time and improving the metrological characteristics of the spectrophotometer (the limiting absolute error in setting the wavelength is reduced from ± 0.5 nm to ± 0.3 nm).

Actuality. High risk of hospitalisation and death in patients with heart failure highlight the importance of developing methods to moni‑ tor weight, diuresis, heart rate and other parameters and provide the physicians with an ability to change the therapy immediately if needed. The aim of this work is an analysis of clinical trials which investigate telemonitoring in patients with heart failure. Discussion. The Cochrane meta-analysis is also discussed in this work. Main conclusions. Our analysis showed that there is no consistency among trials. Not all trials have demonstrated that telemonitoring can reduce the risk of death and heart failure hospitalisations. Potentials explanations are lack of compliance with systems which didn't include the direct contact between the patient and the caregivers, using parameters with low sensitivity in some of the methods and including of stable patients in some of the studies. It is also seeming that effect of telemonitoring is low in regions with existing programs to treat heart failure.

The article analyses the formation and development of systems of cyber education in the security and defence sector of the leading countries of the world and Ukraine. It was determined that, in higher education establishments of the security and defence sector of Ukraine, formation of students’ competences in the field of cyber security is not sufficiently presented in the education standards. It is proved that, under the current conditions, knowledge of cyber security for the students should be formed within a framework of basic courses for all fields of study, specialities and specializations. This issue needs to be constantly updated, in line with the changes and developments taking place in this area. In order to systematize and improve training in the field of cyber security in the security and defence sector of Ukraine, the authors proposed an option for specialist training in the field of defence cyber security in higher education establishments of the security and defence sector of Ukraine. An integral, consistent, interconnected and continuous training system on cyber security and cyber defence at the tactical, operational and strategic levels of training as well as the learning content for its implementation are proposed and practically tested.

Aim. To evaluate the effi ciency of inducing generative, reduced parthenogenesis and to better use the differentiating potential of the embryo culture under apomictic seed production in selection materials of sugar beet with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), and B) to isolate homozygous lines (dihaploids) without the use of polyploidizing substances. Methods. Apomictic (agamosper- mous) seed production in apocarpous pollen sterile lines from B. vulgaris subsp. vulgaris var. altissima (sugar beet) using classi- cal so-called Owen sterile cytoplasm and sterile cytoplasm from Beta maritimа and Beta patula as sources, was conducted under pollen free conditions and spatial isolation in the greenhouse breeding complex of the Yaltushkivska experimental breeding station (Yaltushki, Ukraine). The specifi cities of embryonic development of apomictic embryos were studied with the purpose of effi cient regulation of the induction of explants in vitro as donors of the culture of immature embryos. Fluorescent fl ow cytophotometry in combination with the computer program of the Partec Ploidy Analyser PA-2 (Partec GmbH, Germany, now Sysmex), were used to determine the degree of ploidy, enabling the selection of haploid and dihaploid lines in vitro. A genetic method was developed using the expression of morphological marker indices of nuclear genes of anthocyanin coloring (R+ r–) of regenerant plants in vitro and ploidy determination for differentiation by generative (reduced) parthenogenesis. The sampling technique that took into account the hormonal composition of cultural media and the level of genome ploidy, sample frequency and statistical analysis of the results was determined using the appropriate statistics; the percentage of regenerants, induced by different types of morpho- genesis and ploidy in vitro, was determined along with the measurement error to control the accuracy of the selected sampling (number of seed embryos). Results. The selected cultural medium No. 3, based on the basal medium according to Gamberg et al., 1968 (21), contained 6 BAP – 2 mg/l, 2.4 D – 0.5 mg/l, gibberellic acid – 0.1 mg/l, which ensured a success rate of 4.4 to 23.3 % of direct regeneration of shoots from the embryo culture, depending on the genotype of donors, and 4–10 % for induction and proliferation of callus. In ten experimental numbers of alloplasmic lines of sugar beet, the incidence of haploids and mixoploids among the regenerants from the embryo culture fl uctuated within the wide range of 14.8 – 62.2 % and exceeded the indices, ob- tained by other known methods of haploid parthenogamy, which had the values of 3.79 – 6.25 %. Conclusions. The homozygous lines and dihaploids were determined and set apart/stabilized in the process of micropropagation, where the differentiation of clones was made on the basis of total DNA content in interphase nuclei, using information of histograms generated in fl uorescent fl ow cytometry with the Partec Ploidy Analyser PA-II instrumentation. The medium, based on macro- and microsalts according to Gamberg et al., 1968 (21) was found to be the most effi cient; it ensured at least partially successful direct regeneration in the culture of embryos within the range of 4.40 ± 1.29 to 23.3 ± 3.45 %. The success of direct regeneration of apomictic material depended on the composition of the cultural medium used fi rst and foremost, and to a lesser extent on the stages of embryogenesis from day 12 till day 32, differentiated by the fi xation period for seed embryos starting from the beginning of fl owering. Homozygous lines were created without polyploid-inducing substances due to spontaneous transfer of some cells of haploid regenerant plants to a higher level of ploidy, that can be used in the breeding of sugar beet. Genetic determination of apomictic seed reproduction in alloplasmic lines and pollen free lines of sugar beet and the technologies of inducing dihaploids allow reducing the period of inzucht-crossing considerably to obtain homozygous lines, creating unique material for chromosome engineering and marker-oriented selection with target combinations of genes in homozygous state.

The characteristics of stationary, concentrated vortices of a special type are studied in a cylindrical coordinate system. A new solution for the problem of a concentrated vortex with three components of the velocity vector was constructed. It differs significantly from the previously known solution with two components of the velocity vector. The pressure distribution in a stationary concentrated vortex with and without Coriolis effect is found. The conditions under which the vortex is cyclonic are established. An analysis was conducted on ways to create a system of small vortices on the path of a tornado; with passage through these vortices, a tornado can weaken and disintegrate into a series of low-intensity vortices that are damped due to the forces of air viscosity and the friction force on the surface. Since the place and time of birth of a tornado are hard to predict and are often far from the necessary energy sources, a method for the organization of a rapid, protective obstacle system in the right place at the right time in the form of a system of concentrated vortices is discussed. It is proposed to use microwave electromagnetic radiation beams generated from airplanes or satellites as the source creating concentrated vortices on the tornado path.

The purpose. To determine optimum dozes and ways of use of defecate which provide stabilization of acid-alkaline balance of grey forest sub-acidic soil and leached sub-acidic chernozem at biologization of cultivation of sugar beet in conditions of Right-bank and Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Physical-and-chemical, agrochemical analysis of soil and plants. Results. The most efficient for soil-absorbing complex of grey forest sub-acidic soil were 1,5 dose of CaCO3 on hydrolytic acidity (CaCO3 (9,0 t/hectare in physical weight) with the background of level-by-level entering of organic-mineral fertilizers. Thus it was achieved the maximal neutralization of acidity of soil: parameter pHsalt of soil solution has increased up to 7,2, hydrolytic acidity of soil lowered to 0,42 mg-eq/kg of soil with simultaneous increase of the sum of absorbed bases up to 25,7 mg-eq/kg of soil and degree of saturation with bases to 95,3%. At entering ameliorant under plowing on leached typical sub-acidic chernozem in 1,5 dose of CaCO3 (7,5 t / hectare in physical weight) they fixed increase of pHsalt up to 6,9, that corresponded to neutral degree of acidity of soil. At that dose of ameliorant hydrolytic acidity of soil dropped to 1,50 mg-eq/kg of soil with simultaneous increase of the sum of absorbed bases up to 28,5 mg-eq/kg of soil. Content of mobile links of calcium (CaO) increased up to 175 mg-eq/kg of soil with simultaneous increase of mobile magnesium (MgO) up to 24 mg-eq/kg of soil. Conclusions. Use of defecate on sub-acidic grey forest soil and leached sub-acidic typical chernozem at biologization of cultivation of sugar beet promotes stabilization of acid-alkaline balance of soils.

The golden potato cyst nematode (GPCN) Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Skarbilovich, 1959 is a highly specific parasite of the roots of the nightshade plants (Solanaceae). Thus, the state of the pest population demands constant monitoring and control of distribution and numbers. The distribution of G. rostochiensis in Volyn region of Ukraine was studied in 2008–2018 using the data of the state institution the Volyn Regional Phytosanitary Laboratory. The present article gives the analysis of the study results. The disease foci were detected by visual above-ground inspection of potato plantings, also by manually collecting soil samples before planting the potatoes and after harvesting, and consequently analyzing theme. The initial (pre-planting) and conclusive (after harvest) population density of GPCN in the soil was determined by the number of cysts and the mean number of larvae and eggs in cysts obtained from 100 cm3 of soil. Cysts were isolated from soil samples by the standard funnel flotation method. The dead and living larvae were identified visually by the shape of the body and the state of internal organs. According to the results of assessing pre-planting and post-harvest nematode numbers in soil, the reproduction coefficient Рf/Рі was calculated. In Volyn region, G. rostochiensis was first observed in 1968 on farmland and since then, the parasite has spread. Pest foci were recorded in 15 districts of the region in 303 settlements on the area of 946.123 hectares. It was however found that during the latest decade, the area of soils affected by G. rostochiensis in Volyn region decreased by 147.647 hectares. The largest infected areas (over 100 ha) were located in Kovel, Rozhyshche and Manevistky districts, the least infected area was observed in Ivanychi district of the region. The pest was not found in Lutsk district. The highest infection rate was recorded in Rozhyshche district. The highest ratio of viable cysts was observed in the soils of Volodymyr-Volynsky and Rozhyshche districts. The soils of the southern districts (located in the natural zone of forests and steppe) of the region demonstrated 1.5 times higher infection rates compared to soils of the northern districts (in the natural zone of mixed forests). The soils of the southern districts also harboured stable and strong pest populations. The pre-planting soil infection rates proved to directly depend on the reproduction coefficient of GPCN. If the values of Рі, initial infection rate, were lower than 1,000 larvae and eggs per 100 cm3, the reproduction coefficient was 1.18. Increase in the pre-planting infection rate to 2,000 eggs and larvae per 100 cm3 did not affect the reproduction coefficient. At approximately 5,000 eggs and larvae per 100 cm3 the reproduction coefficient exceeded 2, which should be considered in developing the pest control measures.

Transparent conductive coatings based on thin films of metal oxides are widely used in various optoelectronic devices and appliances. The article is devoted to the study of the morphological, structural, electrical and optical properties of transparent conductive oxide. Tin dioxide thin films are obtained by spray pyrolysis technique on glass substrates. Analysis of the structural properties showed that SnO2 has a tetragonal crystal structure. Analysis of the morphological properties showed that the grain size of the films increases at a deposition temperature from 450 to 550 ℃. Dependencies of the transmittance coefficient of samples obtained on the solutions volume and transmittance coefficient of samples obtained on the doping levels have become the result of studying the optical properties of transparent conductive oxide. The transmittance is almost independent on the amount of substance sprayed onto the substrate. However, the transmittance is greatly influenced by the chemical composition of the films. The main electrical parameter affecting the TCO quality is conductivity or surface resistance. Surface resistance is measured by probe methods, the most accurate of which is the Van der Pauw method. Surface resistance consistently decreases with increasing solution volume, precursor concentration and impurity concentration.

It has been shown that in order to obtain oxide coatings with desired properties, in the process of their synthesis, it is necessary to measure and control the technological parameters and properties of the coatings. The authors proposed an automated system for the synthesis and study of coating parameters by the micro-arc oxidation method. An algorithm for the selection of methods and instruments for measuring technological modes and parameters of synthesized coatings according to technical and economic indicators and a method for choosing the optimal means for measuring technological parameters of the microarc oxidation process according to technical and economic indicators based on the average gain criterion have been developed. The analyzed technical indicators include metrological characteristics of measuring instruments. The technique was implemented in the selection of optimal measuring instruments for coating parameters in the process of micro-arc oxidation, which confirmed the relevance of the development of an automated system for the synthesis of coatings with specified properties, with a relative measurement error of the parameters not exceeding ±0.5 % by micro-arc oxidation.

Background. The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of the solution parameters on the electrophysical parameters of transparent conducting oxides during their synthesis by spray pyrolysis. Materials and methods. In the considered technology for the synthesis of transparent conductive oxides by spray pyrolysis, the method of hydrolysis of solutions of chlorine tin is used. It is convenient for testing and selecting the amount and type of alloying additives to SnO2. The formation of the oxide film is carried out on the heated surface of the substrate by surface hydrolysis of metal chloride. Results. It is shown that one of the important quality parameters of transparent conducting oxides (resistivity, and hence conductivity) is significantly affected by the characteristics of the solution (volume, impurity and its concentration, precursors and their concentration). Conclusions. The results of the experiments and their analysis confirmed that in order to reduce the surface resistance of PPO, it is necessary to increase the volume of the solution, the concentration of antimony impurities, and the concentration of precursors. Antimony atoms, replacing tin atoms in the lattice, are donors and lead to the formation of excess free electrons and an increase in conductivity.