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In patients oral liquid with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who were referred for orthopedic treatment using implants, an increased content of triglycerides, cholesterol and glucose was found. Such state of oral cavity in type 2 diabetes cannot but affect the results of dental implantation. In this regard, patients of the main group were prescribed regular courses of drugs regulating carbohydrate metabolism and microbiocenosis, enhancing immunity and resistance in oral cavity, as well as antioxidant and osteotropic drugs. Biochemical studies of oral liquid showed a fairly high efficiency of proposed complex, which contributes to the normalization of impaired metabolism. Key words: dental implantation, diabetes mellitus, oral liquid, biochemical parameters.

The Rybachiy and Sredniy peninsulas are situated at the 69th latitude and bounded by the Barents Sea. Their territories belong to the subarctic tundra. Coastal vegetation is the case of the azonal one, which is regularly disturbed by sea. The aim of the study is to find out the coastal plant communities diversity and investigate ecological and floristic features of the vegetation types. The classification, based on 99 original relevés using TWINSPAN algorithm and following analytical revision, was carried out with Braun-Blanquet approach. The plant communities were classified into 5 associations and one community type. These syntaxa belong to 4 alliances, 4 orders, and 3 classes (Cakiletea maritimae R. Tüxen et Preising in R. Tüxen 1950, Honckenyo peploidis–Leymetea arenarii R. Tüxen 1966, Juncetea maritimi Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl., Roussine et Negre 1952). There is a special change in coastal vegetation while moving away from sea. Therefore, it is a case of local zonality. The halo-nitrophilous communities of ass. Atriplicetum lapponicae on sandy and shingle wash margins with seaweed debris are common for the low-level beaches. Further from sea they are changing by communities of all. Mertensio maritimae–Honcke­nyion diffusae. The sea influence gradually decrea­ses, but amount of seaweed debris is still high on the coastal sand dunes that is a common place for ass. Honckenyo diffusae–Leymetum arenarii. The communities of Ligusticum scoticum–Festuca rubra com. type cover the higher-level beaches. The nitrophilous species are common for low-level beaches but they are almost absent in high-level phytocoenoses which are considered being an intermediate stage between monodominant seashore grasslands of ass. Honckenyo diffusae–Leymetum arenarii and multispecies high-level seashore meadows (Koroleva et al., 2011). The Rybachiy and Sredniy peninsulas coastal ve­getation seems to be common with another arctic/subarctic areas but having more similarities with western coasts. Communities of ass. Atriplicetum lapponicae have not been marked for Murmansk region, and probab­ly do not occur to the east of the peninsulas (Koroleva, 2006; Koroleva et al., 2011; Matveyeva, Lavrinenko, 2011). However, they are common in western areas (Northern Norway and apparently Iceland) (Tüxen, 1970; Thannheiser, 1974). Silty and sandy low-level salt marshes belong to ass. Puccinellietum phryganodis. Ass. Puccinellietum coarctatae (syn. Puccinellietum retroflexae Nordh. 1954) communities are found on the shingle low and middle level salt mar­shes. The further decreasing of salt seawater influence results in ass. Junco gerardii–Caricetum glareosae community formation. They occupy middle and high level of salt marshes. Communities of associations Puccinellietum phryganodis and Puccinellietum coarctatae on low and middle salt marsh levels are widespread in arctic and subarctic zones (Thannheiser, 1974; Koroleva et al., 2011; Matveyeva, Lavrinenko, 2011). There is an interesting notice that communities of widespread ass. Caricetum subspathaceae were not found on the studied area. The diagnostic species of this association – Carex subspathacea – vegetated only in Junco gerardii–Caricetum glareosae communities. The reason of such phenomenon could be a small area occupied by salt marsh communities on the Rybachiy and Sredniy peninsulas, which turns out that all vegetation types cannot completely evolve.

Reciprocal transplantations of sod pieces have been conducted in alpine plant communities of the northwestern Caucasus. During 25 years, the changes in floristic richness and successional rates have been registered. Study objects were chosen to be. plant communities located along the toposequence from ridges to hollows with gradient of snow. cover thickness increase and vegetation period decrease, namely alpine lichen heath (ALH), Festuca varia grasslands (FVG), Geranium-Hedysarum meadows (GHM), and snow bed communities (SBC). The results of the study confirm the hypothesis about floristic richness of transplanted pieces to come closer to that of a background acceptor community. It is shown that during succession the variability reduces if sod pieces from different communities are transplanted into a common one. In particular, this is evident in case of SBC, where floristic richness of sod pieces transplanted from ALH and GHM has reduced noticeably. Also, it is evident from the results that the more different are donor and acceptor communities the higher is the rate of their changing. However, the assumption of higher succession rate in more productive communities has not been affirmed. On the opposite, communities with initially low productivity turned out to change faster than those with high productivity. It is found out that sod pieces transplanted to upper areas of the toposequence have had higher rate of alteration in comparison with those transplanted to lower areas. The reason behind this, as it may be suggested, is a longer growth season, which means a more prolonged period of high functional activity, and, accordingly, more time for the effects of competition, bringing seeds over, etc. In whole, the rate of succession decreases as the time from the moment of transplantation.increases, especially in communities with low productivity.

9-11 April 2013, Rome (Italy) at the University "La Sapienza" hosted the 22nd meeting of the Working group "review of the vegetation of Europe" (EVS) of the International Association of vegetation science (IAVS). Annual meeting of the European geobotanical was devoted to discussion of research results in two areas — the study of the vegetation of saline habitats and the protection of phytocenoses and the creation of the Red book of plant communities.

Reciprocal transplantations of sod pieces have been conducted in alpine plant communities of the northwestern Caucasus. During 25 years, the changes in floristic richness and successional rates have been registered. Study objects were chosen to be. plant communities located along the toposequence from ridges to hollows with gradient of snow. cover thickness increase and vegetation period decrease, namely alpine lichen heath (ALH), Festuca varia grasslands (FVG), Geranium-Hedysarum meadows (GHM), and snow bed communities (SBC). The results of the study confirm the hypothesis about floristic richness of transplanted pieces to come closer to that of a background acceptor community. It is shown that during succession the variability reduces if sod pieces from different communities are transplanted into a common one. In particular, this is evident in case of SBC, where floristic richness of sod pieces transplanted from ALH and GHM has reduced noticeably. Also, it is evident from the results that the more different are donor and acceptor communities the higher is the rate of their changing. However, the assumption of higher succession rate in more productive communities has not been affirmed. On the opposite, communities with initially low productivity turned out to change faster than those with high productivity. It is found out that sod pieces transplanted to upper areas of the toposequence have had higher rate of alteration in comparison with those transplanted to lower areas. The reason behind this, as it may be suggested, is a longer growth season, which means a more prolonged period of high functional activity, and, accordingly, more time for the effects of competition, bringing seeds over, etc. In whole, the rate of succession decreases as the time from the moment of transplantation.increases, especially in communities with low productivity.

The relative content of antioxidants in the mycelium of Trichoderma reesei 6/16 obtained by propagation of fungal protoplasts was shown to decrease (as compared to the initial culture taken for preparation of protoplasts) and restored only in the second generation of regenerated mycelium. In this respect, the effects of various antioxidants (β-carotene, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and ionol) on the frequency of regeneration of T. reesei 6/16 protoplasts were studied. β-Carotene increased the viability of fungal protoplasts to the greatest extent. The effect of ascorbic acid depended on the presence of Fe ions. Ionol did not cause any measurable protective effect.

The morphological analysis of plant species is necessary for a detailed study of important features of plant communities, such as plant adaptations, plant interactions and community structure (Raunkiaer 1934, Zaugol’nova et al. 1991, Pokarzhevskaya & Onipchenko 1995).

Gigon (1987) suggested that in the alpine zone, environmental factors may play a leading role in excluding certain plant species from the less productive habitats (e.g., alpine heaths), while interspecific competition may play a more important role in the more productive habitats, e.g., in the alpine grasslands and meadows. Despite some recent contributions to the assessment of the relative importance of biotic and abiotic factors along productivity gradients (Grace 1993, Keddy et al. 1994, Wilson & Tilman 1995, Goldberg & Novoplatsky 1997), Gigon’s hypothesis has not been tested with direct experiments.

The relative content of antioxidants in the mycelium of Trichoderma reesei 6/16 obtained by propagation of fungal protoplasts was shown to decrease (as compared to the initial culture taken for preparation of protoplasts) and restored only in the second generation of regenerated mycelium. In this respect, the effects of various antioxidants (beta-carotene, ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, and ionol) on the frequency of regeneration of T. reesei 6/16 protoplasts were studied. beta-Carotene increased the viability of fungal protoplasts to the greatest extent. The effect of ascorbic acid depended on the presence of Fe ions. Ionol did not cause any measurable protective effect.