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1. Use of acids as additives in sugarcane silage

Author

Eric HCB van Cleef, Anibal C Rêgo, René M Patiño, Flavia O Scarpino van Cleef, and Jane MB Ezequiel

Subjects
ácido fórmico, ácido fosfórico, forrajes, Saccharum officinarum, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

Background: sugarcane silage often becomes a problem for the producers due to its high population of yeast and its high content of soluble carbohydrates. Objective: to evaluate the effect of formic and phosphoric acid on the chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, and digestibility of sugarcane silages. Methods: sugarcane was ensiled in experimental mini-silos. Five treatments were evaluated in the ensilage process (sugarcane added with 0.5 or 1% formic acid and 0.5 or 1% phosphoric acid, and a control treatment without additives). A completely randomized design was used. Results: the dry matter content of silages containing phosphoric acid was lower. Lower values of NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose were observed in the control and formic acid treatments. Conclusions: formic and phosphoric acids promote beneficial changes in the chemical composition of sugar cane silage.

Published
2015
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2. Living With Mild to Moderate Alzheimer Patients Increases the Caregiver’s Burden at 6 Months

Author

Patrizia Civerchia, Giuseppe Pelliccioni, O. Scarpino, Liana Spazzafumo, Simona Castellani, and Alessandra Raccichini

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, media_common.quotation_subject, Disease, Severity of Illness Index, Social burden, Alzheimer Disease, Residence Characteristics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Perception, medicine, Humans, Psychiatry, Aged, media_common, Aged, 80 and over, General Neuroscience, Caregiver burden, Middle Aged, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Caregivers, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Psychology
Abstract

The objective of our study was to demonstrate that living with a person affected by mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease can lead to an increased perception of the caregiver’s burden using the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI). The sample consisted of 153 dyads, caregiver–patient. At baseline, a greater perception of the caregiver’s burden was observed in the live-in caregivers. A further increase in the total burden of the live-in caregivers was noticed at the 6-month follow-up. More specifically, with the inclusion of correction factors such as the caregiver’s age and the CBI subscales at baseline, the social and emotional burden becomes statistically significant ( P < .001). The present paper confirms our hypothesis that live-in caregivers perceive a greater burden than nonlive-in, and this difference increases further after 6 months. The difference in involvement between live-in and nonlive-in caregivers could be the foundation to tailor more specific interventions.

Published
2015
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3. Óleo de soja e Óleo de soja residual em dietas para ovinos confinados: parâmetros sanguíneos

Author

Jane Maria Bertocco Ezequiel, F. B. O. Scarpino, D. A. V. Silva, and E. H. C. B. Van Cleef

Subjects
Cordeiros, Meal, Alimentos alternativos, food.ingredient, Sangue, Silage, Dietary lipid, Residual oil, Randomized block design, food and beverages, Blood lipids, General Medicine, Biology, Soybean oil, food, Animal science, Botany, Feedlot, Animal Science and Zoology
Abstract

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito da inclusão de 2 fontes lipídicas (óleo de soja e óleo de soja residual) na dieta de ovinos confinados sobre os parâmetros sanguíneos. Foram utilizados 24 borregos Santa Inês × Dorper, machos, não castrados, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados e submetidos a três dietas experimentais: C= dieta controle, volumoso: concentrado na proporção de 40:60; S= C com inclusão de 6 % de óleo de soja; e R= C com inclusão de 6 % de óleo de soja residual de fritura. Silagem de milho foi utilizada como volumoso e o concentrado era composto por milho grão inteiro, casca de soja, farelo de girassol, ureia, sal mineral, calcário e antioxidante. Os animais foram confinados por 105 dias, sendo que no dia 59 foram realizadas colheitas de sangue através de punção da veia jugular para quantificação de glicose, triglicérides, colesterol e proteínas totais, além das enzimas hepáticas aspartato aminotransferase (AST), gama glutamiltransferase (GGT) e fosfatase alcalina (FAL). A inclusão de 6 % de óleo de soja ou de óleo residual na dieta aumentou as concentrações sanguíneas de colesterol e da AST (p

Published
2014
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4. Sex differences in pudendal somatosensory evoked potentials

Author

V. Piloni, Giuseppe Pelliccioni, D. Sabbatini, O. Scarpino, and P. Fioravanti

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Pudendal nerve, Anal Canal, Stimulation, Clitoris, Sensory system, Sex Factors, Reference Values, Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory, Reaction Time, medicine, Humans, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Pelvic floor, business.industry, Gastroenterology, Middle Aged, Pudendal Nerve, medicine.anatomical_structure, Somatosensory evoked potential, Anesthesia, Scalp, Female, Surgery, business, Penis
Abstract

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) of the pudendal nerve are a well-established diagnostic tool for the evaluation of pelvic floor disorders. However, the possible influence of sex differences on response latencies has not been established yet. The aim of this study was to standardize the procedures and to evaluate possible effects of gender differences on anal and penile/clitoral SEPs. The anal and dorsal penile/clitoral SEPs were recorded in 84 healthy subjects (40 males and 44 females; mean age 47.9 ± 16.6 years, range 16–81 years; mean height 168.3 ± 20.3 cm, range 155–187 cm). Pudendal SEPs were evoked with a bipolar surface electrode stimulating the clitoris or the base of the penis and the anal orifice and recorded using scalp electrodes. The latency of the first positive component (P1) was measured. The effect and possible interaction of (a) stimulation site and (b) gender on the two variables was explored by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The examination was well tolerated and a reproducible waveform of sufficient quality was obtained in all the subjects examined. In the female subjects, a mean cortical P1 latency of 37.0 ± 2.6 and 36.4 ± 3.2 ms for anal and clitoral stimulation, respectively, was found. In the male subjects, the cortical latencies were 38.0 ± 3.5 ms for the anal stimulation and 40.2 ± 3.7 ms for the penile stimulation. At MANOVA, a statistically significant main effect of stimulation site and gender as well as a significant interaction between the two variables was found. Anal and dorsal penile/clitoral SEPs represent a well-tolerated and reproducible method to assess the functional integrity of the sensory pathways in male and female subjects. Obtaining sex-specific reference data, by individual electrophysiological testing, is highly recommended because of significant latency differences between males and females, at least as far as penile/clitoral responses are concerned.

Published
2013
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5. The Caregiver’s Burden of Alzheimer Patients: Differences Between Live-In and Non-Live-In

Author

Alessandra Raccichini, Simona Castellani, Paola Fioravanti, Patrizia Civerchia, and O. Scarpino

Subjects
Adult, Male, Gerontology, Psychological intervention, Disease, Affect (psychology), Quality of life (healthcare), Cost of Illness, Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Functional ability, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, General Neuroscience, Caregiver burden, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Caregivers, Disease Progression, Quality of Life, Female, Housing for the Elderly, Analysis of variance, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Psychology, Stress, Psychological, Statistical correlation, Clinical psychology
Abstract

The objective of our study was to describe the burden of a sample of 208 live-in/non-live-in caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We analyzed the statistical correlation between Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) and the live-in/non-live-in caregiver status, and between the ‘‘objective burden,’’ the cognitive deterioration, functional ability, and psychic and behavioral disorders. Using analysis of variance (ANOVA), the live-in groups of caregivers were compared to each subscale and to the total CBI. Living with a patient causes a bigger burden associated to the ‘‘developmental and physical burden,’’ which is affected more by the functional impairment than by the cognitive-behavioral aspect. Understanding the aspects of this burden in the initial-intermediate phase of the disease and being able to monitor it over time could contribute to improving the interventions already in place, which affect burden, stress, and quality of life of caregivers and their sick family members.

Published
2009
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7. Differences and similarities in the neuropsychological profile of dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease in the early stage

Author

Susy Paolini, O. Scarpino, Lucia Paciaroni, M. Guidi, and Silvia De Padova

Subjects
Lewy Body Disease, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neuropsychological Tests, Severity of Illness Index, Diagnosis, Differential, Central nervous system disease, Degenerative disease, Alzheimer Disease, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Neuropsychological assessment, Psychiatry, Aged, Mini–Mental State Examination, medicine.diagnostic_test, Dementia with Lewy bodies, Neuropsychology, Cognition, medicine.disease, Neurology, Disease Progression, Female, Neurology (clinical), Alzheimer's disease, Mental Status Schedule, Psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract

The literature concerning the neuropsychological profile of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) reports contrasting data even though a main impairment in attentional and visuospatial processes is mostly pointed out. In the present study, two selected groups, one of 12 DLB and the other of 12 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, both in the early stage of the disease, were matched for age, education and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). A comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and three scales to evaluate fluctuating cognition were administered. Significant differences were found between the two groups on attentional domain, memory, constructional and visuoperceptual abilities and fluctuation scales.

Published
2006
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8. External anal sphincter responses after S3 spinal root surface electrical stimulation

Author

Giuseppe Pelliccioni and O. Scarpino

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Nerve root, External anal sphincter, Urology, Action Potentials, Anal Canal, Stimulation, Electromyography, Pelvic floor dysfunction, Reference Values, medicine, Humans, Electrodes, Aged, Pelvic floor, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Anatomy, Middle Aged, Anal canal, Evoked Potentials, Motor, medicine.disease, Electric Stimulation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Reflex, Female, Neurology (clinical), Spinal Nerve Roots, business, Muscle Contraction
Abstract

Aims The aim of this study is to present the normative data of direct and reflex motor anal sphincter responses, simultaneously evoked by S3 surface electrical stimulation. By this method, it is possible to test the functional integrity of the nervous pathways activated during sacral neuromodulation (SNM). Methods Twenty healthy subjects were studied. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded by concentric needle electrode from external anal sphincter (EAS). Electrical stimulation was applied by means of a bipolar surface electrode over the S3 right or left sacral foramina. Results Direct (R1) and reflex responses (R2 and R3) were found at latencies of 6.98, 25.12, and 50.31 msec, respectively. The two first responses were recorded in all the cases; the last response is steadily recorded in 17 out of 20 subjects. Conclusions Our data can serve as reference values for future study in patients with pelvic floor dysfunction. EAS responses following S3 percutaneous electrical stimulation can represent a useful aid in the selection of candidates to SNM. Neurourol. Urodynam. 25:788–791, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Published
2006
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9. Hydrated lime matrix decreases ruminal biohydrogenation of flaxseed fatty acids

Author

C.C. Aperce, K.A. Miller, C.A. Alvarado, James S. Drouillard, C. L. Van Bibber-Krueger, E.H.C.B. Van Cleef, D. Klamfoth, and F. B. O. Scarpino

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Computer Networks and Communications, Chemistry, Fatty acid, Matrix (chemical analysis), Rumen, Nutrient, Biochemistry, Hardware and Architecture, Red meat, Food science, Digestion, Omega 3 fatty acid, Essential nutrient, Software
Abstract

Introduction Omega-3 fatty acids are essential nutrients for humans, but dietary intake of these nutrients by many Americans is inadequate due to low consumption of omega-3-rich foods such as fish, walnuts, and flaxseed. In contrast, per capita consumption of red meat is relatively high, but these products normally contain only small amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. Feeding cattle diets that contain omega-3 fatty acids has consistently increased the proportion of the desirable fats that accumulate in beef. Unfortunately, the proportion of dietary omega-3 fats that are deposited into beef tissues is relatively low, because microorganisms within the rumen biohydrogenate the unsaturated omega-3 fatty acids extensively to produce the saturated fats that are characteristic of beef fat. Encapsulation of fats has been proposed as a method for improving efficiency of transfer of omega-3 fats into beef. Encapsulation processes apply a protective barrier on the surface of fats or fat-containing feeds, which theoretically decreases fats’ susceptibility to microbial biohydrogenation. Protective coatings must remain intact to retain their functionality, and physical damage to the coatings that occurs with normal handling can result in poor efficacy because the core material is exposed to microorganisms in the rumen. Embedding feed particles within a homogeneous protective matrix constitutes a potentially useful alternative to protective surface barriers. The matrix is created by mixing feed particles that are to be protected with a suitable matrix material that is resistant to microbial digestion and subsequently forming the mixture into pills. In cases where physical damage occurs, exposure of the core material is confined to the broken surface, and the remainder of the matrix retains its ruminal stability.

Published
2013
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10. Semantic profiles in mild cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer?s and Parkinson?s diseases

Author

Susy Paolini, M. Guidi, O. Scarpino, Lucia Paciaroni, and David J. Burn

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Parkinson's disease, Neuropsychological Tests, Audiology, Semantics, behavioral disciplines and activities, Temporal lobe, Prodrome, Alzheimer Disease, Surveys and Questionnaires, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Semantic memory, Cognitive Dysfunction, Prefrontal cortex, Aged, Cognitive reserve, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Parkinson Disease, Articles, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Female, Neurology (clinical), Alzheimer's disease, business
Abstract

The temporal and the prefrontal cortices have different roles in semantic information processing: the temporal lobe is where knowledge is stored (Graham and Hodges, 1997), whereas the prefrontal cortex is more specifically involved in executive aspects of semantic processing. Relatively little is known about the semantic profiles of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). This observational study investigated naming and semantic questionnaire performances in three groups of subjects: 10 patients with the amnestic-type MCI prodrome of AD (aMCI), 10 patients with early-stage executive-type MCI in PD (MCI-PD), and 10 normal subjects. The MCI-PD subjects demonstrated inferior performances on a semantic questionnaire, whereas the aMCI group displayed modest difficulties in a naming task. These differences may be explained by topographical differences in pathological involvement. Since the frontal areas are more functionally impaired in PD, we hypothesize that the semantic deficit may be a consequence of a deficiency in control of semantic processing. On the other hand, the semantic deficit in aMCI may be related to a lexical-semantic storage dysfunction resulting from pathological involvement of the temporal lobe.

Published
2015
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11. β-Amyloid Fragment 25-35 Selectively Damages Platelets from Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Author

Patrizia Fattoretti, Luciano Galeazzi, Alessia Delfino, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, Moreno Solazzi, Sergio Giunta, M. Guidi, O. Scarpino, and Tiziana Casoli

Subjects
Blood Platelets, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Chemistry, General Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_element, Disease, Calcium, medicine.disease, Peptide Fragments, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Calcium in biology, Peripheral blood, Endocrinology, History and Philosophy of Science, Alzheimer Disease, β amyloid, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Platelet, Alzheimer's disease
Abstract

In order to analyze the metabolic response of AD patient platelets to beta-amyloid, we have carried out fluorimetric measurements of intracellular calcium and an ultrastructural survey of platelets exposed to the beta-amyloid active fragment 25-35 (betaA(25-35)). Since it is not possible to analyze directly the damaged neurons in AD, the study of peripheral blood cells, especially platelets, may be of great value for the investigation of the toxic effects of beta-amyloid on AD neuronal cells.

Published
2002
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12. Motor evoked potentials recorded from external anal sphincter by cortical and lumbo-sacral magnetic stimulation: Normative data

Author

O. Scarpino, Giuseppe Pelliccioni, and V. Piloni

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, External anal sphincter, Circular coil, Anal Canal, Stimulation, Efferent Pathways, Magnetics, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, medicine, Humans, Aged, Cerebral Cortex, Pelvic floor, Electromyography, Healthy subjects, Mean age, Anatomy, Middle Aged, Evoked Potentials, Motor, Motor Pathways, Electrophysiology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Spinal Cord, Neurology, Female, Neurology (clinical), Psychology
Abstract

Electrophysiological activation of the motor pathways can be obtained by electrical or magnetic stimulation. The latter has the great advantage of being painful and able to stimulate deeply situated nervous structures. Only a few reports describe responses obtained from pelvic floor muscles and external anal sphincter (EAS) by transcranial and lumbo-sacral magnetic stimulation. Our purpose is to present normative data of motor evoked responses from EAS in a group of healthy subjects (age range 19–80 years) using a standardized protocol of magnetic stimulation. Nine females and 7 males, with a mean age of 52.63 years, were included in this study. They had no known neurological and gastrointestinal disease. Magnetic shocks were delivered by a Magstim 200 (Novametrix) and a circular coil, centered on the vertex and on the lumbo-sacral region. Electromyographic recordings were taken from EAS using needle electrodes. The cortical magnetic stimulation was performed in two conditions: at rest and during a mild contraction of pelvic floor muscles. The mean values of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) latencies after cortical stimulation were 26.92±3.01 ms at rest and 23.31±2.70 ms during facilitation. Motor latency after lumbo-sacral root stimulation was 6.09±1.43 ms. The MEPs from EAS are easily obtained and stably reproducible in normal subjects. It can be suggested also as a useful adjunct in the assessment of faecal incontinence.

Published
1997
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13. Randomised controlled trial of streptokinase, aspirin, and combination of both in treatment of acute ischaemic stroke

Author

F Finzi, G Alunni, G Costantino, E Ghidoni, M Sfrappini, L Roveyaz, M Marra, J Wardlaw, A Ballini, G Lancia, F Zuccari, M Dicostanzo, A Brambilla, E Greco, L Melini, S Terenziani, E Moschini, G Marzara, A Gasparro, G Dalessandro, O Citterio, R Milani, A Pietra, S Comparetti, G Lama, D Sabatini, G Volpi, M Cruciani, L Ralli, A Vinattieri, L Casto, M Rottoli, S Ragaini, S Polonara, M Digiovanni, E Dejuli, G Danieli, P Menegazzo, A Brucato, O Marrazza, A Palumbo, F Costantini, I Laspina, E Righetti, F Deblasi, C Giorgi, G Landini, N Bonasera, L Calvi, A Lorizio, D Vanni, C Delfavero, L Provinciali, R Zucco, U Marini, R Nuzzi, F Cocco, G Crisi, C Defanti, M Porta, M Santangelo, E Pieragnoli, D Belladonna, L Giglia, D Sita, E Cani, V Lolli, S Spolveri, S Ricci, A Perreti, M Rascaroli, P Monaco, G Pisapia, G Candeliere, L Bagnoli, L Bruni, L Curatola, E Decapitani, R Capialbi, P Lattuada, J Bamford, M Poli, G Arena, R Diperri, F Pezzella, A Colombo, F Aloy, S Blanc, M Guidotti, G Baldassarri, A Garagnani, U Loi, C Leviminzi, V Romanazzi, C Sacchet, F Barzizza, V Avenia, M Taglioli, V Pontrelli, M Arnaboldi, G Trianni, F Raudino, A Bettinelli, G Russo, D Belvedere, P Infricciolo, A Paci, E Natali, G Santoro, M Correia, S Pasquali, G Pellegrini, D Mirabile, A Messina, G Alborini, J Bogousslavsky, F Colonna, A Randazzo, F Minotta, F Lincesso, G Degliantoni, T Carboni, A Martelli, A Pirisi, V Miele, P Girardi, C Menozzi, U Scoditti, F Cardopatri, M Santoni, S Gueli, C Scaccabarozzi, A Picchiarelli, M Camerlingo, L Carosella, A Mamoli, F Dacuno, D Tonti, A Troiso, P Piazza, A Castellano, M Veneziani, M Zampolini, S Santini, C Argentino, G Palmieri, G Pinardi, G Bovio, P Sandercock, A Boccali, M Baratti, R Musolino, G Tognoni, A Gatta, E Longhini, L Steidl, G Rosati, M Delgobbo, C Refi, P Panzetti, G Bissi, G Rizzato, M Pratesi, E Bottacchi, L Candelise, G Bollettini, L Fera, P Ottaviano, G Coppola, Vittorio Bertele, M Degiorgi, F Triolo, O Tafani, M Pallone, D Guidetti, N Marcello, C Scarpati, L Desantis, F Rizzitelli, C Conte, M Voloute, G Scialfa, G Lombardo, M Bianchi, G Micili, L Motti, D Bosone, C Fini, C Matacena, F Turiamo, R Luccioli, N Miele, F Rossi, D Gori, C Clarke, T Frattini, M Celani, G Thiella, A Cantini, F Schieroni, O Scarpino, M Masina, P Sorgato, G Capocchi, F Colombo, M Zocchi, I Mazzanti, A Trenta, R Cavestri, R Reginelli, P Bassi, G Grilli, A Fancellu, D Orrico, M Scarpa, M Franceschi, F Passeri, A Ghetti, M Bondi, M Spanu, C Motto, E Negri, M Rezzonico, T Lomuzio, E Pretolani, R Ciola, S Grasselli, G Erli, M Desimoni, D Bertuzzi, H Barnett, A Vemco, G Musco, C Degrandi, A Fennetry, B Censori, A Delfavero, B Biscottini, R Peto, F Federico, C Bonaventi, C Bascelli, G Malferrari, C Alli, D Porazzi, G Sgaroni, A Giannini, G Scarlato, E Boccardi, A Cavallini, R Sterzi, E Aritzu, P Dudine, M Stellio, F Clerici, F Porro, R Grandi, L Munari, M Pacini, S Bartolini, M Zadra, A Balotta, A Sensidoni, B Felice, F Locatelli, W Garuti, R Gobbato, F Solime, L Sallusto, C Warlow, G Pirazzoli, G Ferrarini, M Watt, P Perrone, N Caputo, R Menozzi, M Michelini, R Bellesi, A Lechi, F Marras, I Bartolini, E Pascarelli, I Dascola, G Casu, G Divizia, M Ceravolo, R Ibba, R Insabato, G Venables, I Iori, G Greco, M Deledda, N Bartolini, F Grandi, E Cerioli, S Biagini, G Grampa, P Bannister, F Sasanelli, S Canzi, T Riccardi, A Bartocci, F Basso, A Marceca, C Cappelletti, I Santilli, R Bettini, F Salsa, Maria Carla Roncaglioni, G Bottini, A Ciccone, G Rebucci, A Maggioni, P Marotta, G Iannone, C Longoni, F Milone, V Inchingolo, V Chioma, E Lanza, and R Ferani

Subjects
Aspirin, Randomized controlled trial, law, business.industry, Streptokinase, Anesthesia, Medicine, General Medicine, business, Acute ischemic stroke, law.invention, medicine.drug
Published
1995
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14. Magnetic stimulation of the spinal accessory nerve: normative data and clinical utility in an isolated stretch-induced palsy

Author

M. Guidi, Giuseppe Pelliccioni, and O. Scarpino

Subjects
Adult, Male, Accessory nerve, Stimulation, Magnetics, Accessory Nerve, Reference Values, Reaction Time, medicine, Paralysis, Humans, Posterior triangle of the neck, Palsy, Electromyography, business.industry, Anatomy, Evoked Potentials, Motor, Electric Stimulation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Spinal nerve, Stress, Mechanical, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, Trapezius muscle, Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Abstract

We report the clinical and electrophysiological findings of isolated stretch-induced accessory nerve palsy obtained by using conventional technique compared to magnetic stimulation at the base of the skull. The same methods of magnetic stimulation were applied in 10 healthy volunteers, to determine normal limits of amplitude and latency of the motor responses. The clinical features of the isolated spinal accessory nerve palsy are weakness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and of the three portions of trapezius muscle. Most commonly reported etiologies include surgical manipulation and excision in the posterior triangle of the neck. Less frequently the cause is represented by radiation procedures, shoulder traction, penetrating, blunt or stretch injuries; this last etiology is extremely rare. The use of conventional electrophysiological methods to evaluate injuries of the nerves leaving the base of the skull is limited by the difficulty in obtaining an adequate electrical surface stimulation necessitating the use of needle electrodes. Moreover, conventional electrical stimulation often causes significant discomfort to the patient. The magnetic coil stimulation at the base of the skull is a new alternative painless technique that permits to elicit motor responses, by stimulating deeply situated nerves and, in particular, the accessory nerve, resulting as a useful electrodiagnostic tool.

Published
1995
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15. Fourth meeting of the European Neurological Society 25–29 June 1994 Barcelona, Spain

Author

H. Hattig, C. Delli Pizzi, M. C. Addonizio, Michelle Davis, A. R. Giovagnoli, L. Florensa, M. Roth, J. de Kruijk, Francisco Lacruz, Ph. Dewailly, A. Toygar, C. Avendano, P.P. De Deyn, J. F. Hurtevent, F. Lomeila, T. W. Wong, Gordon T. Plant, M. Bud, H. J. Willison, DH Miller, D. W. Langdon, R. Cioni, J. Servan, A. Kaygisiz, E. Racadot, D. B. Schens, E. Picciola, L. Falip, C. Bouchard, J. Jotova, A. Jorge-Santamaria, P. Misra, A. Dufour, C. P. Panagopoulos, A. Venneri, B. Sredni, B. Angelard, M. Janelidze, M. Carreno, J. Obenberger, J. Pouget, H. W. Moser, R. Kaufmann, J. A. Molina, D. Linden, A. Martin Urda, E. Uvestad, A. Krone, J. P. Cochin, J. Mallecourt, A. Cambon-Thomsen, K. Violleau, P. Osschmann, A. M. Durocher, E. Bussaglia, D. M. Danielle, H. Efendi, C. Van Broeckhoven, K. G. Jordan, W. Rautenberg, C. Iniguez, J. M. Delgado, Graham Watson, M. Lawden, Gareth J. Barker, K. Stiasny, James T. Becker, G. Campanella, E. Peghi, A. Poli, A. Haddad, T. Yamawaki, Giacomo P. Comi, S. Sotgiu, B. Ersmark, A. Pomes, M. Ziegler, P. Ferrante, P. Ruppi, H. KuÇukoglu, R. Bouton, U. K. Rinne, P. Vieregge, M. Dary, P. Giunti, Peter J. Goadsby, S. Jung, E. Secor, A. Steinberg, N. Vila, M. A. Hernandez, M. Cursi, A. Enqelhardt, A. Engelhardt, J. Veitch, F. Di Silverio, F. Arnaud, B. Neundörfer, R. Brucher, Dominique Caparros-Lefebvre, B. Meyer, Marianne Dieterich, M. H. Snidaro, R. Gomez, R. Cerbo, M. Ragno, J. M. Vance, S. Nemni, A. Caliskan, F. Barros, I. Velcheva, D. Ceballos-Baumann, V. Barak, A. Avila, N. Antonova, F. Resche, S. Pappata, L. Varela, S. R. Silveira Santos, A. Cammarota, L. Naccache, Y. Nara, E. Tournier-Lasserves, R. Mobner, T. Chase, A. Ensenyat, J. Ulrich, G. Giegerich, M. Rother, M. Revilla, N. Nitschke, K. Honczarenko, E. Basart Tarrats, J. Blin, B. Jacob, J. Santamaria, S. Knezevic, J. L. Castillo, M. Antem, J. Colomer, O. Busse, Didier Hannequin, S. Carrier, J. B. Ruidavets, C. Rozman, J. Bogoussslavsky, J. Pascual Calvet, E. Monros, J. M. Polo, M. 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Navasa, J. Ballabriga, G. Broggi, T. Gudeva, C. Rose, J. Vion-Dury, J. A. Gastaut, J. Pniewski, Nicola J. Robertson, G. Kohncke, M. Billot, S. Gok, E. Castellli, F. Denktas, P. Bazzi, F. Spinelli, I. F. Moseley, C. D. Mardsen, B. Barbiroli, O. M. Koriech, A. Miller, Hiroaki Yoshikawa, F. X. Borruat, J. Zielasek, P. Le Coz, J. Pascual, A. Drouet, L. T. Giron, F. Schondube, R. Midgard, M. Alizadeh, M. Liguori, Lionel Ginsberg, L. Harms, C. Tilgner, G. Tognoni, F. Molteni, Mar Tintoré, M. Psylla, C. Goulon-Goeau, M. V. Aguilar, Massimo Filippi, K. H. Mauritz, Thomas V. Fernandez, C. Basset, S. Rossi, P. Meneses, B. Jandolo, T. Locatelli, D. Shechtcr, C. Magnani, R. Ferri, Bruno Dubois, J. M. Warier, S. Berges, F. Idiman, M. Schabet, R. R. Diehl, P. D'aurelio, M. Musior, Reinhard Hohlfeld, P. Smeyers, M. Olivé, A. Riva, C. A. Broere, N. Egund, S. Franceschetti, V. Bonavita, Nicola Canal, E. Timmermans, M. Ruiz, S. Barrandon, G. Vasilaski, B. Deweer, L. Galiano, S. F. T. M. de Bruijn, L. Masana, A. Goossens, B. Heye, K. Lauer, Heinz Gregor Wieser, Stephen R. Williams, B. Garavaglia, A. P. Sempere, F. Grigoletto, P. Poindron, R. Lopez-Pajares, I. Leite, T. A. McNell, C. Caucheteur, J. M. Giron, A. D. Collins, P. Freger, J. Sanhez Del Rio, D. A. Harn, K. Lindner, S. S. Scherer, G. Serve, M. Juncadella, X. Estivill, R. Binkhorst, M. Anderson, B. Tekinsoy, C. Sagan, T. Anastopoulos, G. Japaridze, S. Guillou, F. Erminio, Jon Sussman, P. G. Oomes, D. S. Rust, S. Mascheroni, O. Berger, M. Peresson, K. V. Toyka, T. W. Polder, M. Huberman, B. Arpaci, H. Ramtami, I. Martinez, Ph. Violon, P. P. Gazzaniga Pozzill, R. Ruda, P. Auzou, J. Parker, S. P. Morrissey, Jiahong Zhu, F. Rotondi, P. Baron, W. Schmid, P. Doneda, M. Spadaro, M. C. Nargeot, I. Banchs, J.S.P. van den Berg, R. Ferrai, M. Robotti, M. Fredj, Pedro M. Rodríguez Cruz, B. Erne, D. G. Piepgras, M. C. Arne-Bes, J. Escudero, C. Goetz, A. R. Naylor, M. Hallett, O. Abramsky, E. Bonifacio, L. E. Larsson, R. Pellikka, P. Valalentino, D. Guidetti, B. Buchwald, C. H. Lücking, D. Gauvreau, F. Pfaff, A. Ben Younes-Chennoufi, R. Kiefer, R. Massot, K. A. Hossmann, L. Werdelin, P. J. Baxter, U. Ziflo, S. Allaria, C. D. Marsden, M. Cabaret, S. P. Mueller, E. Calabrese, R. Colao, S. I. Bekkelund, M. Yilmaz, O. Oktem-Tanor, R. Gine, M. E. Scheulen, J. Beuuer, A. Melo, Z. Gulay, M. D. Have, C. Frith, D. Liberati, J. Gozlan, P. Rondot, Ch. Brunholzl, M. Pocchiari, J. Pena, L. Moiola, C. Salvadori, A. Cabello, T. Catarci, S. Webb, C. Dettmers, N. A. Gregson, Alexandra Durr, F. Iglesias, U. Knorr, L. Ferrini-Strambi, F. Kruggel, P. Allard, A. Coquerel, P. Genet, F. Vinuels, C. Oberwittler, A. Torbicki, P. Leffers, B. Renault, B. Fauser, C. Ciano, G. Uziel, J. M. Gibson, F. Anaya, C. Derouesné, C. N. Anagnostou, M. Kaido, W. Eickhoff, G. Talerico, M. L. Berthier, A. Capdevila, M. Alons, D. Rezek, E. Wondrusch, U. Kauerz, D. Mateo, M. A. Chornet, Holon, N. Pinsard, I. Doganer, E. Paoino, H. Strenge, C. Diaz, J. R. Brasic, W. Heide, I. Santilli, W. M. Korn, D. Selcuki, M. J. Barrett, D. Krieger, T. Leon, T. Houallah, M. Tournilhac, C. Nos, D. Chavot, F. Barbieri, F. J. Jimenez-Jimenez, J. Muruzabal, K. Poeck, A. Sennlaub, L. M. Iriarte, L. G. Lazzarino, C. Sanz, P. A. Fischer, S. D. Shorvon, R. Hoermann, F. Delecluse, M. Krams, O. Corabianu, F. H. Hochberg, Christopher J. Mathias, B. Debachy, C. M. Poser, L. Delodovici, A. Jimenez-Escrig, F. Baruzzi, F. Godenberg, D. Cucinotta, P. J. Garcia Ruiz, K. Maier-Hauff, P. R. Bar, R. Mezt, R. Jochens, S. Karakaneva, C. Roberti, E. Caballero, Joseph E. Parisi, M. Zamboni, T. Lacasa, B. Baklan, J. C. Gautier, J. A. Martinez-Matos, W. Pollmann, G. Thomas, L. Verze, E. Chleide, R. Alvarez Sala, I. Noel, E. Albuisson, O. Kastrup, S. I. Rapoport, H. J. Braune, H. Lörler, M. Le Merrer, A. Biraben, S. Soler, S. J. Taagholt, U. Meyding-Lamadé, K. Bleasdale-Barr, Isabella Moroni, Y. Campos, J. Matias-Guiu, G. Edan, M. G. Bousser, John B. Clark, J. Garcia de Yebenes, N. K. Olsen, P. Hitzenberger, S. Einius, Aj Thompson, Ch. J. Vecht, T. Crepin-Leblond, Klaus L. Leenders, A. Di Muzio, L. Georgieva, René Spiegel, K. Sabey, D. Ménégalli, J. Meulstee, U. Liszka, P. Giral, C. Sunol, J. M. Espadaler, A. D. Crockar, K. Varli, G. Giraud, P. J. Hülser, A. Benazzouz, A. Reggio, M. Salvatore, K. Genc, M. Kushnir, S. Barbieri, J. Ph. Azulay, M. Gianelli, N. Bathien, A. AlMemar, F. Hentati, I. Ragueneau, F. Chiarotti, R. C. F. Smits, A. K. Asbury, F. Lacruz, B. Muller, Alan J. Thompson, Gordon Smith, K. Schmidt, C. Daems Monpeun, Juergen Weber, A. Arboix, G. R. Fink, A. M. Cobo, M. Ait Kaci Ahmed, E. Gencheva, Israel-Biet, G. Schlaug, P. De Jonghe, Philip Scheltens, K. Toyka, P. Gonzalez-Porque, A. Cila, J. M. Fernandez, P. Augustin, J. Siclia, S. Medaglini, D. E. Ziogas, A. Feve, L. Kater, G. J. E. Rinkel, D. Leppert, Rüdiger J. Seitz, S. Ried, C. Turc-Carel, G. Smeyers, F. Godinho, M. Czygan, M. Rijntjes, E. Aversa, M. Frigo, Leif Østergaard, J. L. Munoz Blanco, A. Cruz-Matinez, J. De Reuck, C. Theillet, T. Barroso, V. Oikonen, Florence Lebert, M. Kilinc, C. Cordon-Cardon, G. Stoll, E. Thiery, F. Pulcinelli, J. Solski, M. Schmiegelow, L. J. Polman, P. Fernandez-Calle, C. Wikkelso, M. Ben Hamida, M. Laska, E. Kott, W. Sulkowski, C. Lucas, N. M. Bornstein, D. Schmitz, M. W. Lammers, A. de Louw, R. J. S. Wise, P. A. van Darn, C. Antozzi, P. Villanueva, P. H. E. Hilkens, C. Constantin, W. Ricart, A. Wolf, M. Gamba, P. Maguire, Alessandro Padovani, B. M. Patten, Marie Sarazin, H. Ackermann, L. Durelli, S. Timsit, Sebastian Jander, B. W. Scheithauer, G. Demir, J. P. Neau, P. Barbanti, A. Brand, N. AraÇ, V. Fischer-Gagnepain, R. Marchioli, G. Serratrice, C. Maugard-Louboutin, G. T. Spencer, D. Lücke, G. Mainardi, K. Harmant Van Rijckevorsel, G. B. Creel, R. Manzanares, Francesco Fortunato, A. May, J. Workman, K. Johkura, E. Fernandez, Carlo Colosimo, L. Calliauw, L. Bet, Félix F. Cruz-Sánchez, M. Dhib, H. Meinardi, F. Carrara, J. Kuehnen, C. Peiro, H. Lassmann, K. Skovgaard Olsen, A. McDonald, L. Sciulli, A. Cobo, A. Monticelli, B. Conrad, J. Bagunya, J. Benitez, V. Desnizza, B. Dupont, O. Delrieu, D. Moraes, J. J. Heimans, F. Garcia Rio, M. Matsumto, A. Fernandez, R. Nermni, R. Chalmers, M. J. Marchau, F. Aguado, P. Velupillai, P. J. Martin, P. Tassan, V. Demarin, A. Engelien, T. Gerriets, Comar, J. L. Carrasco, J. P. Pruvo, A. Lopez de Munain, D. Pavitt, J. Alarcon, Chris H. Polman, B. Guldin, N. Yeni, Hartmut Brückmann, N. Wilczak, H. Szwed, R. Causaran, G. Kyriazis, M. E. Westarp, M. Gasparini, N. Pecora, J. M. Roda, E. Lang, V. Scaioli, David R. Fish, D. Caputo, O. Gratzl, R. Mercelis, A. Perretti, G. Steimetz, I. Link, C. Rigoletto, A. Catafau, G. Lucotte, M. Buti, G. Fagiolari, A. Piqueras, C. Godinot, J. C. Meurice, Erodriguez J. Dominigo, F. Lionnet, H. Grzelec, David J. Brooks, P. M. G. Munro, F. X. Weilbach, M. Maiwald, W. Split, B. Widjaja-Cramer, V. Ozturk, J. Colas, E. Brizioli, J. Calleja, L. Publio, M. Desi, R. Soffietti, P. Cortinovis-Tourniaire, E. F. Gonano, G. Cavaletti, S. Uselli, K. Westerlind, H. Betuel, C. O. Dhiver, H. Guggenheim, M. Hamon, R. Fazio, P. Lehikoinen, A. Esser, B. Sadzot, G. Fink, Angelo Antonini, D. Bendahan, V. Di Carlo, G. Galardi, A. F. Boller, M. Aksenova, Del Fiore, V. de la Sayette, H. Chabriat, A. Nicoletti, A. Dilouya, M. L. Harpin, E. Rouillet, J. Stam, A. Wolters, M. R. Delgado, Eduardo Tolosa, G. Said, A. J. Lees, L. Rinaldi, A. Schulze-Bonhage, MA Ron, C. Lefebvre, E. W. Radü, R. Alvarez, M. L. Bots, P. Reganati, S. Palazzi, A. Poggi, N. J. Scolding, V. Sazdovitch, T. Moreau, E. Maes, M. A. Estelies, P. Petkova, Jose-Felix Marti-Masso, G De La Meilleure, N. Mullatti, M. Rodegher, N. C. Notermans, T. A. T. Warner, S. Aktan, J. P. Louboutin, L. Volpe, C. Scheidt, W. Aust, C. M. Wiles, U. Schneider, S. K. Braekken, W. R. Willems, K. Usuku, Peter M. Rothwell, C. Talamon, M. L. Sacchetti, A. Codina, M. H. Marion, A. Santoro, J. Roda, A. Bordoni, D. J. Taylor, S. Ertas, H. H. Emmen, J. Vichez, V. BesanÇon, R. E. Passingham, M. L. Malosio, A. Vérier, M. Bamberg, A. W. Hansen, E. Mostacero, G. Gaudriault, Marie Vidailhet, B. Birebent, K. Strijckmans, F. Giannini, T. Kammer, I. Araujo, J. Nowicki, E. Nikolov, A. Hutzelmann, R. Gherardi, J. Verroust, L. Austoni, A. Scheller, A. Vazquez, S. Matheron, H. Holthausen, J. M. Gerard, M. Bataillard, S. Dethy, V. H. Patterson, V. Ivanez, N. P. Hirsch, F. Ozer, M. Sutter, C. Jacomet, M. Mora, Bruno Colombo, A. Sarropoulos, T. H. Papapetropoulos, M. Schwarz, D. S. Dinner, N. Acarin, B. Iandolo, J. O. Riis, P. R. J. Barnes, F. Taroni, J. Kazenwadel, L. Torre, A. Lugaresi, I. L. Henriques, S. Pauli, S. Alfonso, Pedro Quesada, A. S. T. Planting, J. M. Castilla, Thomas Gasser, M. Van der Linden, A. Alfaro, E. Nobile-Orazio, G. Popova, W. Vaalburg, F. G. A. van der Mech, L. Williams, F. Medina, J. P. Vernant, J. Yaouanq, B. Storch-Hagenlocher, A. Potemkowski, R. Riva, M. H. Mahagne, M. Ozturk, Ve. Drory, N. Konic, C. Jungreis, A. Pou Serradell, J. L. Gauvrit, G. J. Chelune, S. Hermandez, T. Dingus, L. Hewer, Ch. Koch, M. N. Metz-Lutz, G. Parlato, M. Sinaki, Charles Pierrot-Deseilligny, H. C. Diener, J. Broeckx, J. Weill-Fulazza, M. L. Villar, M. Rizzo, O. Ganslandt, C. Duran, N. A. Fletcher, G. Di Giovacchino, Susan T. Iannaccone, C. Kolig, N. Fabre, H. A. Crockard, Rita Bella, M. Tazir, E. Papagiannuli, K. Overgaard, Emma Ciafaloni, I. Lorenzetti, F. Viader, P. A. H. Millac, I. Montiel, L. H. Visser, M. Palomar, P. L. Murgia, H. Pedersen, Rafael Blesa, S. Seddigh, W. O. Renier, I. Lemahieu, H. M. L. Jansen, L. Rosin, J. Galofre, K. Mattos, M. Pondal, G. M. Hadjigeorgiou, D. Francis, L. Cantin, D. Stegeman, M. Rango, A. B. M. F. Karim, S. Schraff, B. Castellotti, I. Iriarte, E. Laborde, T. J. Tjan, R. Mutani, D. Toni, B. Bergaasco, J. G. Young, C. Klotzsch, A. Zincone, X. Ducrocq, M. Uchuya, O. J. Kolar, A. Quattrone, T. Bauermann, Nereo Bresolin, J. Vallée, B. C. Jacobs, A. Campos, Werner Poewe, J. A. Villanueva, A. W. Kornhuber, A. Malafosse, E. Diez-Tejedor, G. Jungreia, M. J. A. Puchner, A. Komiyama, O. Saribas, V. Volpini, L. Geremia, S. Bressi, A. Nibbio, Timothy E. Bates, T. z. Tzonev, E. Ideman, G. A. Damlacik, G. Martino, G. Crepaldi, T. Martino, Kjell Någren, E. Idiman, D. Samuel, J. M. Perez Trullen, Y. van der Graaf, J. O. Thorell, M. J. M. Dupuis, E. Sieber, R. D'Alessandro, C. Cazzaniga, J. Faiss, A. Tanguy, A. Schick, I. Hoksergen, A. Cardozo, R. Shakarishvili, G. K. Wennlng, J. L. Marti-Vilalta, J. Weissenbach, I. L. Simone, Amalia C. Bruni, Darius J. Adams, C. Weiller, A. Pietrangeli, F. Croria, C. Vigo-Pelfrey, Patricia Limousin, A. Ducros, G. Conti, O. Lindvall, E. Richter, M. Zuffi, A. Nappo, T. Riise, J. Wijdenes, M. J. Fernandez, J. Rosell, P. Vermersh, S. Servidei, M. S. C. Verdugo, F. Gouttiere, W. Solbach, M. Malbezin, I. S. Watanabe, A. Tumac, W. I. McDonald, D. A. Butterfield, P. P. Costa, F. deRino, F. Bamonti, J. M. Cesar, C. H. Lahoz, I. Mosely, M. Starck, M. H. Lemaitre, K. M. Stephan, S. Tex, R. Bokonjic, I. Mollee, L. Pastena, M. Gutierrez, F. Boiler, M. C. Martinez-Para, M. Velicogna, O. Obuz, A. Grinspan, M. Guarino, L. M. Cartier, E. Ruiz, D. Gambi, S. Messina, M. Villa, Michael G. Hanna, J. Valk, Leone Pascual, M. Clanet, Z. Argov, B. Ryniewicz, E. Magni, B. Berlanga, K. S. Wong, C. Gellera, C. Prevost, F. Gonzalez-Huix, R. Petraroli, J. E. G. Benedikz, I. Kojder, C. Bommelaer, L. Perusse, M. R. Bangioanni, Guy M. McKhann, A. Molina, C. Fresquet, E. Sindern, Florence Pasquier, M. J. Rosas, M. Altieri, O. Simoncini, M. Koutroumanidis, C. A. F. Tulleken, M. Dary-Auriol, S. Oueslati, H. Kruyer, I. Nishisho, C. R. Horning, A. Vital, G. V. Czettritz, J. Ph. Neau, B. Mihout, A. Ameri, M. Francis, S. Quasthoff, D. Taussig, S. Blunt, P. Valentin, C. Y. Gao, O. Heinzlef, H. d'Allens, C. Coudero, M. Erfas, G. Borghero, P. J. Modrego Pardo, M. C. Patrosso, N. L. Gershfeld, P. A. J. M. Boon, O. Sabouraud, M. Lara, J. Svennevig, G. L. Lenzi, A. Barrio, H. Villaroya, JosÇ M. Manubens, O. Boespflug-Tanguy, M. Carreras, D. A. Costiga, J. P. Breux, S. Lynn, C. Oliveras Ley, A. G. Herbaut, J. Nos, C. Tornali, Y. A. Hekster, J. L. Chopard, J. M. Manubens, P. Chemouilli, A. Jovicic, F. Dworzak, S. Smirne, S. E. Soudain, B. Gallano, D. Lubach, G. Masullo, G. Izquierdo, A. Pascual Leone Pascual, A. Sessa, V. Freitas, O. Crambes, L. Ouss, G. W. Van Dijk, P. Marchettini, P. Confalonieri, M. Donaghy, A. Munnich, M. Corbo, and M. E. L. van der Burg

Subjects
Neurology, business.industry, Media studies, Library science, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business
Published
1994
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16. Neurogenic Fecal Incontinence

Author

Giuseppe Pelliccioni and O. Scarpino

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, education.field_of_study, Pelvic floor, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Cauda equina, medicine.disease, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Quality of life, Internal medicine, medicine, Sphincter, Fecal incontinence, medicine.symptom, education, business, Spinal cord injury
Abstract

Fecal incontinence, according to the most used definition, is the “involuntary loss of the stool or soiling at a socially inappropriate time or place” [1]. It is an important health issue that strongly affects patient quality of life and restricts their social activities. It is a common problem, with prevalence ranging from 2.2% to 15% in the community and up to 40% in nursing homes [2]. The prevalence of fecal incontinence in neurological patients is higher than in the general population. Many neurological disorders are associated with fecal incontinence, and this chapter is a review of the current clinical knowledge regarding the pathogenesis and clinical findings. When considering the possible effects of central and peripheral neurological lesions on fecal continence, it is important to keep in mind that continence depends on intact neural pathways and normal function of the cerebral, spinal, and cauda equina centers, and peripheral nerves. It should be remembered, however, that signs, symptoms, and gastrointestinal dysfunction may differ from expectations by virtue of incomplete neuronal lesions, coexisting involvement of supraspinal or spinal centers, or damage to the distal parts of the autonomic or somatic innervation of the pelvic floor sphincter muscles.

Published
2007
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17. Electrical And 14agnetic Transcranial Excitation: Focal Stimulation And Safety Aspects

Author

R. De Leo, M. Guidi, F. Angeleri, O. Scarpino, D. Balducci, and Graziano Cerri

Subjects
Materials science, Nuclear magnetic resonance, medicine.diagnostic_test, medicine, Stimulation, Magnetic resonance imaging, Current (fluid), equipment and supplies, human activities, Excitation, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

A discretized model of the head derived from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was adopted to study the distribution of the current induced by magnetic, electrical or combined magneto-electrical stimulation. The method proposed allows to estimate the absolute values of induced current across area in different parts of the brain. The electrical and magnetic techniques are matched for safety aspects and capability to obtain a focal stimulation.

Published
2005
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18. Cerebral Whipple's disease as a cause of reversible dementia

Author

M. Haghighi, O. Scarpino, R. Haghighipour, S. Paolini, and T. Rossi

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, law.invention, Pharmacotherapy, Cerebrospinal fluid, Central Nervous System Infections, law, Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination, medicine, Tropheryma, Dementia, Humans, Whipple's disease, Pathogen, Polymerase chain reaction, Aged, business.industry, Whipple Disease, Remission Induction, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Surgery, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Neurology (clinical), business
Abstract

We describe a case of reversible dementia caused by Tropheryma whippelii (TW). Diagnosis was confirmed by a positive polymerase chain reaction for this pathogen both on serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Specific antibiotic therapy resulted in distinct clinical and neuroradiological improvement. Control polymerase chain reaction for T. whippelii on serum and cerebrospinal fluid was negative.

Published
2003

19. Brain cortex stimulation by using magnetic pulses: analysis of the induced current distribution by means of a computer simulated model

Author

F. Angeleri, R. De Leo, R. Antili, O. Scarpino, and M. Guidi

Subjects
Materials science, Pulse (signal processing), Orientation (computer vision), Physics::Medical Physics, Dielectric, equipment and supplies, Biomagnetism, law.invention, Intensity (physics), Nuclear magnetic resonance, law, Electromagnetic coil, Eddy current, Tomography, human activities
Abstract

The currents induced by a magnetic pulse have been studied by means of a simulated computer model. The study used data derived from computerized tomography of the head, which was discretized into small cells. Dielectric characteristics and conductivities were assigned to each cell on the basis of the type of tissue it contained. The distribution of the eddy currents and their intensity were studied as a function of the intensity of the magnetic pulse and the coil orientation. >

Published
2003
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20. Procainamide for faecal incontinence in myotonic dystrophy

Author

Giuseppe Pelliccioni, V. Piloni, and O. Scarpino

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Manometry, medicine.medical_treatment, Biopsy, Myotonic dystrophy, fluids and secretions, Correspondence, medicine, Humans, Myotonic Dystrophy, business.industry, Electromyography, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Colostomy, Long term results, medicine.disease, Procainamide, Surgery, Psychiatry and Mental health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Sphincter, Faecal continence, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, Fecal Incontinence, medicine.drug
Abstract

We read with interest the article by Abercrombie et al which describes the pathophysiology and surgical management of faecal incontinence in two siblings with severe myotonic dystrophy.1 In the authors’ experience, long term results of both medical and surgical management of the faecal incontinence were unsatisfactory, as proved by the fact that postanal sphincter repair restored faecal continence only for a brief time. The authors’ pessimistic conclusions suggest that “faecal incontinence in myotonic dystrophy is difficult to relieve by any currently available treatment other than colostomy”. It should be noted, however, that the …

Published
1999

22. [Clinical and instrumental diagnosis of Alzheimer's and multi-infarct dementia]

Author

D, Fornarelli, G, Ascoli, R, Rossi, A, Manca, R, Lanza, V, Moretti, O, Scarpino, and M, Guidi

Subjects
Male, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Dementia, Multi-Infarct, Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Abstract

We investigated the possible correlation between functional and anatomical imaging techniques and clinical exams in patients with Alzheimer's and vascular dementia. We examined 24 patients affected with dementia, 16 of them with Alzheimer's disease. 7 with multiinfarct and 1 with mixed dementia. All patients were submitted to clinical, morphological (MRI, CT) and functional (SPECT, cerebral flowmetry) studies. The severity of hypoperfusion revealed by SPECT was highly correlated with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's dementia patients. The abnormal perfusion was mostly bilateral, in the temporal-parietal region, and involved the frontal regions only in the most severe cases. CT and especially MRI showed aspecific cortical and subcortical atrophy, most evident in the medial temporal region. In the patients with multiinfarct dementia, the hypoperfused cortical regions revealed by SPECT were sometimes related to vascular lesions proved at MRI and CT. In the patients with multiinfarct dementia, MRI showed more or less apparent white matter lesions referrable to ischemic insult, besides cortical and subcortical atrophy. MRI allows a differential diagnosis between these two cerebral pathologic conditions of aging. Cerebral flowmetry by Xenon 133 inhalation showed reduced cerebral blood flow in both dementia types. In Alzheimer patients, regional flow was reduced especially in the posterior parietal regions. In multiinfarct dementia patients, flow was more diffusely reduced and asymmetrical. Brain function imaging appears to yield useful information for the differential diagnosis in the most common dementia syndromes. Since the neuropathologic data from brain biopsy are rarely available, clinical and instrumental findings must be integrated for diagnostic and pathogenetic insights of the diseases causing cognitive impairment.

Published
1996

23. Computer modelling of brain cortex excitation by magnetic field pulses

Author

R. De Leo, M. Guidi, O. Scarpino, Franco Moglie, Graziano Cerri, and D. Balducci

Subjects
Discretization, medicine.medical_treatment, Biomedical Engineering, Impulse (physics), Models, Biological, law.invention, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Electromagnetic Fields, law, Reference Values, medicine, Electric Impedance, Humans, Computer Simulation, Physics, Cerebral Cortex, medicine.diagnostic_test, Magnetic resonance imaging, General Medicine, Dissipation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Electric Stimulation, Magnetic field, Computational physics, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Electrical network, Excitation
Abstract

In spite of many clinical and experimental applications, the technique of transcranial magnetic stimulation still presents obscure aspects. This especially concerns safety parameters and the exact characterization of the current induced by a single magnetic pulse. The model proposed consists of an equivalent electric network derived by Maxwell's equations and applied to discretized magnetic resonance imaging of a normal subject. This model allows accurate prediction of current distribution, charge per phase and dissipated energy.

Published
1992

25. Topographic EEG analysis. Methods for graphic representation and clinical applications

Author

O, Scarpino, M, Guidi, and G, Bolcioni

Subjects
Brain Diseases, Brain Mapping, Scalp, Fourier Analysis, Age Factors, Data Display, Humans, Electroencephalography, Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, Algorithms
Abstract

Topographic EEG analysis includes different techniques to display the spatial distribution of brain electrical activity. The correct reconstruction of the scalp potentials and the consequent inference on cortical generators is influenced by many factors. In this study we focused our attention on the topographical representation of high resolution spectral EEG parameters, the choice of the interpolation algorithms for EEG mapping and the application of a spatial filtering method to scalp potential distribution. From our results there is evidence that different approaches are needed with relation to the EEG spatial features to be detected. The actual standard procedures seem not entirely adequate and the new methods proposed can improve significantly the visual reading of the EEG and its sensitivity.

Published
1990

26. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block

Author

O. Scarpino and Giuseppe Pelliccioni

Subjects
business.industry, Motor nerve, Anatomy, medicine.disease, Amyotrophy, body regions, Fasciculation, Neurology, Thoracic Nerves, medicine, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, business, Brachial plexus, Paresis, Multifocal motor neuropathy
Abstract

Dear Sir, minor trauma of the shoulder, with a progressive paresis of We read with interest the article by Veugelers et al. the left brachial plexus followed by contralateral plexus (1996) about an unusual case of autopsy-proven amyotinvolvement and a successive weakness of the neck rophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multifocal motor neuromuscles. Upper motor neuron signs were unequivocal with pathy (MMN) with conduction block. overactive tendon reflexes in the lower limbs and a left We have also previously reported cases of two patients Babinski sign. with fatal progressive weakness and amyotrophy in which In spite of steroid treatment, the patient rapidly worseclinical and electrophysiological findings of motor neuron ned and two months later died from respiratory failure. disease (MND) and MMN coexisted (Pelliccioni et al., The most consistent electrophysiological finding was the 1993, 1994). We found a high titer of anti-GM1 antibodies multifocal asymmetric conduction blocks recorded espe(1:1200) only in one of our patients (case [1), however, cially in the left arm, between Erb’s point and the axilla in the electrophysiological conduction studies revealed multithe median and ulnar nerves. In the lower limbs, a ple motor conduction blocks in both cases. conduction block was present only in the left peroneal In case [1, the symptoms were slowly progressive with nerve between the fibula head and the poplitea fossa. The bulbar muscle impairment, generalized weakness, muscular antidromic sensory conduction was normal for the sural as atrophy with cramps and fasciculations. The patient did not well as the ulnar and median nerves and across the brachial respond to treatments with dexamethasone, plasmapheresis plexus. Also in this case, needle examination detected and cyclophosphamide. Fatal exitus occurred 6 months fibrillation and fasciculation potentials more evident in the after onset. Motor nerve conduction was performed in the left shoulder muscles, but present, in small amounts, also radial, ulnar, median, common peroneal and tibial nerves in the right shoulder muscles and the lower limbs. Longbilaterally, using surface electrodes and conventional elecduration polyphasic high-amplitude motor units were tromyographic equipment (Kimura, 1983). The motor evident, in particular, in the muscles innervated by the conduction studies revealed, in this patient, a multiple suprascapular, axillary and long thoracic nerves, on the conduction block between Erb’s point and the axilla in the right. right and left median and ulnar nerves, and a moderate Based on these two cases we would agree with Veugeldispersion of conduction between the elbow and wrist in ers et al. (1996) that there may be a rare possibility that the left median nerve. At needle examination, a denervasome patients presenting MMN actually have MND. This tion pattern was present in the four limbs and, particularly, unusual combination may provide an important clue in in the facial and tongue muscles. elucidating the pathogenesis of MND. In the other patient (case [2), the clinical symptoms The diagnosis of MND in case [1 is supported by the started, as in the patient of Veugelers et al. (1996), after a rapid progression of bulbar signs towards a fatal exitus, lack of response to steroids, plasmapheresis and immuno

Published
1997
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27. Facial MEPs evolution in ischemic stroke patients

Author

Giuseppe Pelliccioni, M. Guidi, and O. Scarpino

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Internal medicine, Ischemic stroke, medicine, Cardiology, Neurology (clinical), medicine.disease, business, Stroke
Published
1993
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32. Changes in sympathetic skin response following transcranial magnetic stimulation in insulin-dependent subjects

Author

P. Fioravanti, Giuseppe Pelliccioni, T. Rossi, O. Scarpino, E. Brizioli, M. Del Gobbo, and M. Guidi

Subjects
Transcranial magnetic stimulation, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, business.industry, General Neuroscience, medicine.medical_treatment, Internal medicine, medicine, Neurology (clinical), Sympathetic skin response, Insulin dependent, business
Published
1996
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36. Patterns of magnetic resonance and SPECT imagings in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementias

Author

A. Manca, U. Salvolini, M. Del Gobbo, D. Fornarelli, M. Maidani, O. Scarpino, L. Paciaroni, R. Lanza, Roberta Elisa Rossi, M. Guidi, and G. Ascoli

Subjects
Aging, Nuclear magnetic resonance, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General Neuroscience, medicine, Magnetic resonance imaging, Neurology (clinical), Disease, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, Developmental Biology
Published
1992
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37. Late-onset epileptic photosensitivity

Author

A.M. Mauro, Giuseppe Pelliccioni, O. Scarpino, M. Magi, and E. Brizioli

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Photosensitivity, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Medicine, Late onset, Neurology (clinical), business, Dermatology
Published
1990
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42. [Neuropsychic changes in chronic renal failure]

Author

G F, Marchesi, O, Scarpino, P, Fuà, P, Di Bella, U, Salvolini, F, Menichelli, U, Pasquini, V, Mioli, M, Ragaiolo, R, Tarchini, and S, Figus

Subjects
Adult, Brain Diseases, Psychological Tests, Renal Dialysis, Neural Conduction, Humans, Electroencephalography, Middle Aged, Cognition Disorders, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Uremia
Published
1978

44. Topographic EEG and flash visual evoked potentials in elderly subjects, depressed patients, and demented patients

Author

M. Guidi, F. Angeleri, and O. Scarpino

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Audiology, Senile dementia, Electroencephalography, Microcomputers, Alzheimer Disease, medicine, Dementia, Humans, Biological Psychiatry, Depression (differential diagnoses), Aged, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, Depressive Disorder, medicine.diagnostic_test, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, medicine.disease, Flash visual evoked potentials, Psychiatry and Mental health, Electrophysiology, Mapping system, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Psychology, Neuroscience, Photic Stimulation
Abstract

In elderly patients the differential diagnosis between the early stages of depression and dementia of the Alzheimer's type is quite difficult. The EEG and flash visual evoked potentials were studied in these two illnesses and in normal controls with our mapping system running on an IBM-compatible PC. Selected electrophysiological parameters were able to differentiate normal, depressed, and DAT patients

Published
1989

48. N100 Frontal Component and Influence of Reference Location in Pattern Visual Evoked Potential Studied with the Area Display Technique

Author

M. Guidi, O. Scarpino, R. G. Bickford, and F. Angeleri

Subjects
N100, Pattern visual evoked potentials, Visual N1, Contour mapping, Anatomy, Evoked potential, Psychology, Neuroscience
Abstract

The literature in the area of photic and pattern visual evoked potentials makes only scant reference to the distribution of potentials that appear beyond the primary visual area (Allison et al. 1977; Lehmann and Skrandies 1980; Skran-dies 1986). A few recent reports (Hajdukovic etal. 1984; Spitz etal. 1986; Guidi and Bickford 1987) pointed out the existence of a negative frontal component that occurs about the same time as the occipital PI 00 in the majority of normal and pathological observations. This finding raises doubt about the relative inactivity of the midfrontal (MF) electrode as reference. In this study, the first aim was to evaluate the influence of different reference locations (cephalic and non-cephalic) in the recording of the 16 primary evoked responses and the possible change in interpretation that contour mapping could produce. The second aim was to define the spread of the N100 frontal component and to achieve some insight into the origin of this wave.

Published
1989
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50. A Comparison of 5-Hydroxytryptamine and 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid Levels in Migraineurs and Normal Subjects

Author

Antonella Festa, M. Guidi, O. Scarpino, Giuseppe Coppa, Gianfranco Lai, Rosella Bencivenga, Mario Piani, Massimo Magi, and Maria Elisabetta Megna

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid, business.industry, Internal medicine, medicine, Neurology (clinical), General Medicine, business, medicine.drug
Published
1989
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