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1. Peculiarities of the course of demodicosis in domestic animals in a megalopolis in the east of Ukraine

Author: A. Paliy, O. Pavlichenko, S. Kasianenko, L. Kovalenko, A. Stockiy, and O. Stotska
Subjects: dogs, cats, demodex spp., breed, age, sex, microflora, antimicrobial drugs., Science
Abstract: Demodicosis in domestic animals occupies a leading place among dermatological diseases. It has considerable epizootological and social significance. Peculiarities of the manifestation of demodicosis in dogs and cats were studied in the city of Kharkiv during 2017–2021. Doberman Pinscher, mestizo, German Shepherd, Rottweiler, Staffordshire Terrier, and outbred animals were the most commonly affected by demodicosis, accounting for 61.6% of the total number of patients. The lowest number of animals with demodicosis was registered in such breeds as Dalmatian, Great Dane, Caucasian Shepherd, Collie, Labrador, Husky, Pekingese, and Chow Chow with a total number of 4.6%. Demodicosis is most common in Persian white, European tiger, and Siamese colour point cats, accounting for 57.3%. Norwegian forest, Russian blue, and Oriental shorthair cats are rarely affected by demodicosis, accounting for 13.5% of all animals. Demodicosis most often affects animals aged from 2 months to 3 years in winter, and in summer and autumn, the incidence is lowest. Peculiarities of sexual predisposition of animals to demodicosis infection have not been established. The microbes affecting the skin of animals are transmitted by mites Demodex spp. and are represented by Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Candida spp., Rhizopus nigricans, Penicillum spp., Malassezia spp., Microsporum canis. Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. occupy the largest percentage of the total number of isolated microorganisms – 74.7%, and Micrococcus spp. occupy the lowest percentage of isolated microorganisms (6.2%). Staphylococcal susceptibility to nine tetracycline drugs has shown a high level of resistance. The most effective antimicrobial agent for isolated cultures of staphylococci is amoxicillin in combination with clavulanic acid (89.7%) and vancomycin (100.0%). The objective of further research is to develop effective schemes for the prevention and treatment of pets with demodicosis.
Published: 2023
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2. Dose-dependent effect of chronic exposure to lead acetate on the dynamics of the content of delta-aminolevulinic acid and essential trace elements in the serum of laying hens

Author: E. Dotsenko, А. Paliy, D. Morozenko, R. Dotsenko, А. Zemlianskyi, and O. Pavlichenko
Subjects: heavy metals, amino acid, biomarkers, toxicodynamics, microelements, poultry, Science
Abstract: One of the most global and dangerous pollutants is considered to be lead, due to its ability to accumulate in living organisms, to be included in the metabolic cycle, to form highly toxic organometallic compounds, not being biodegradable. To study the chronic effects of lead acetate, an experiment was performed on laying hens of Lohmann Brown cross. For research, one control and three experimental groups were formed, 20 chickens in each. Birds of the experimental groups were administered lead acetate daily with compound feed in doses (in terms of metal): Group I – 50 mg/kg of feed, II – 75 mg/kg of feed, III – 150 mg/kg of feed. Access to water was not restricted. The birds of the control group received a complete diet without lead acetate. On the 30th, 90th, 120th days of the experiment and the 20th day after withdrawal of the toxicant (the 140th day of the experiment), we took blood samples from birds for biochemical and toxicological studies. The concentration of delta-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA) in the serum of laying hens was determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Determination of the content of lead in the serum of laying hens was performed by X-ray fluorescence analysis. The concentration of total calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and magnesium in the serum of the laying hens was determined using production kits. We detected the dose-dependent chronic effect of lead acetate on the dynamics of the content of delta-aminolevulinic acid and essential trace elements in the serum of laying hens. The administration of lead acetate into the body of productive poultry for 120 days in doses of 50, 75, and 150 mg/kg with feed did not cause visible clinical signs of poisoning, but caused a violation of porphyrin metabolism, manifested in a reliable increase in the concentration of delta-aminolevulinic acid in serum on the 30th, 90th and 120th days of the experiment. It has been experimentally proven that the administration into the body of laying hens of lead acetate in doses of 50, 75 and 150 mg/kg of feed for 120 days leads to the maximum accumulation of lead in the serum on the 30th, 90th, and 120th days of the experiment. Prolonged administration of lead acetate to laying hens at high concentrations is characterized by a reliable decrease in the content of total calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium in the serum of laying hens and a reliable increase in the content of ferrum. In the future it is necessary to study the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in laying hens under chronic exposure to lead acetate.
Published: 2021
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3. ECONOMIC AND LEGAL WAYS OF TRANSPORT INDUSTRY MODERNIZATION IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Author: Yа. Malykhina, Yа. Protopopova, O. Pavlichenko, and V. Pavlichenko
Subjects: climate change, harmful CO2 emissions, transport area, vehicles, international environmental agreements, regulations, Economics as a science, HB71-74, Business, HF5001-6182
Abstract: Abstract. There is substantiated the need to modernize the transport area of Ukraine in the view of state obligations adopted during the signing of international environmental agreements. It is argued that the adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its further implementation by the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement require the signatory States to take measures to minimize the anthropogenic impact of CO2 emissions in the earth’s atmosphere. A comparative analysis of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the fleet of transport industries of European countries and Ukraine proves that the minimization of environmental pollution by Ukraine should be done by renewal the fleet. Based on the statistics of the quality fleet of transport industries of European countries that practice CO2 emissions and those that who does not tax harmful CO2 emissions, it is demonstrated the dependence of the age — related conditions of the fleet, where the taxation demonstrates its incentive properties to modernize transport industries and renew fleets to modern vehicles. The characterization of global trends in minimizing of harmful emissions into the atmosphere of greenhouse gases gave a reason to argue that the implementation of an environmental tax has a dual nature. On the one hand, the tax encourages owners of enterprises, institutions, organizations of transport industry to invest in environmentally friendly transport to minimize the tax burden, and on the other hand, the taxation influences on the environmental situation in the regions and on the planet as a whole. It is substantiated that regulations aimed at minimizing harmful emissions into the atmosphere allow at the state level to implement policies on the formation, distribution and use of tax revenues for fighting climate change. It is concluded that tax revenues from the taxation of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere can be used to support the transport industry through public-private partnerships. It also emphasizes that Ukraine should intensify international cooperation and agree with developed countries to support the modernization of the Ukrainian transport industry using financial mechanisms and technology transfer agreements to increase resistance to climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions enshrined in the Paris Agreement. Keywords: climate change, harmful CO2 emissions, transport area, vehicles, international environmental agreements, regulations, environmental tax. JEL Classification F21, E62, K32, K34, R42, R48 Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 6; bibl.: 16.
Published: 2022
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4. METHODOLOGY OF CREATING STRATEGIC AND INVESTMENT PLANS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Author: V. Pavlichenko, O. Pavlichenko, O. Borodiyenko, and Y. Malykhina
Subjects: strategic development, strategic management, educational institutions, institutions of professional (vocational) education, strategic and investment plan, Economics as a science, HB71-74, Business, HF5001-6182
Abstract: Abstract. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the principles and present the author’s methodology for creating strategic and investment plans for the development of educational institutions. The theoretical significance of the article is that it is based on understanding the work of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, the authors’ own experience in strategic management of educational institutions of different levels, analysis of experience in creating strategic and investment development plans for 11 vocational schools in Donetsk, Luhansk and Zaporozhye regions (which became possible due to support of UNDP in Ukraine) the principles of creating a strategic and investment plan for the development of educational institutions are substantiated; the author’s vision on the technology of strategic management of an educational institution is offered; the author’s methodology of creating a strategic and investment plan for the development of an educational institution is presented. The practical significance of the article is that the proposed principles, technologies, tools and methodology tested in educational institutions of different levels can be used in the process of developing strategic management of relevant institutions, in particular to create a document «Strategic and investment development plan of the educational institution». It is substantiated that in the process of creating a strategic and investment plan for the development of the educational institution it is advisable to adhere to certain principles that will involve all stakeholders, teaching staff, lay the foundation for coordinated work on its (plan) implementation. Such principles are the principle of predictability (vision of the strategic and investment plan for the development of the institution as a document that should not only contain strategic initiatives and operational objectives aimed at changing the current situation (in terms of management, quality, competitiveness, etc.), but to implement initiatives aimed at change in the future); optimality (the need to identify a number of such strategic initiatives, the implementation of which could most optimally determine the change in the future); hierarchy (structuring of strategic and investment plan as a hierarchy of strategic initiatives, strategic goals and operational objectives, in order to ensure and optimal achievement of planned strategic goals); responsibility (involvement of teaching and non teaching staff in the process of generating strategic initiatives for the development of the educational institution as well as encouraging them to take responsibility for their implementation); environmentality (taking into account the general context (external environment) in which the institution is operated, and which, in turn, determines the patterns and internal logic of this development). The author’s methodology of creating a strategic and investment plan for the development of the educational institution is proposed, which provides the stages of analysis of the external environment of the educational institution, institutional analysis, competitive analysis, formation of a 3D view on the educational institution, generation of strategic initiatives for the future. The peculiarities of using the nominal groups technique to generate strategic initiatives for the development of an educational institution are substantiated. Key words: strategic development, strategic management, educational institutions, institutions of professional (vocational) education, strategic and investment plan. JEL Classification I22, О43 Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 14.
Published: 2021
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5. DISTRIBUTION OF 0.2...4.5 keV PLASMA IONS IN SET OF U-2M DISCHARGES

Author: A.N. Shapoval, M N Makhov, M. Dreval, A.S. Slavnyj, and R. O. Pavlichenko
Subjects: Physics, Set (abstract data type), Distribution (number theory), Plasma, Atomic physics, Ion
Abstract: Charge exchange (CX) neutral fluxes were measured by neutral particle analyzer (NPA) in plasma discharges sustained by the W7-X-like radio frequency (RF) antenna in the Uragan-2M (U-2M) stellarator. CX fluxes in pure hydrogen discharge (B0 = 0.36 T, f = 4.926 MHz) in stellarator configuration (effective perpendicular ion temperature TꞱ ≈ 450 eV) is less energetic in comparison with U-2M hybrid configuration (TꞱ ≈ 800 eV). RF discharge in stellarator configuration with helium and hydrogen mixture (B0 = 0.351 T; f = 5.156 MHz, P = 6·10-4Torr) shows more energetic CX fluxes (TꞱ ≈ 1 keV). The ion cyclotron frequency distribution across the U-2M plasma has been studied numerically. These calculations are accompanied by direct measurement of the RF frequency by magnetic sensor. The ion cyclotron frequency is present in plasma bulk of all discharges under consideration.
Published: 2021
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6. TWO-STRAP RF ANTENNA IN URAGAN-2M STELLARATOR

Author: V.B. Korovin, Vladimir E. Moiseenko, J. Ongena, A.V. Lozin, Tom Wauters, A.I. Tymoshenko, E.D. Kramskoy, V.M. Listopad, A.N. Shapoval, M.M. Kozulia, S.M. Maznichenko, Yu.V. Kovtun, Y.V. Siusko, R. O. Pavlichenko, Ye. O. Kazakov, A.Yu. Krasyuk, N. V. Zamanov, and M.M. Makhov
Subjects: Optics, Materials science, business.industry, law, business, Stellarator, law.invention
Published: 2020
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7. Economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic measures on functioning of the enterprises from the selected branches in Poland

Author: B. O. Pavlichenko
Subjects: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Applied Mathematics, Development economics, Pandemic, Economic impact analysis, Business
Published: 2021
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8. First experiments on ICRF discharge generation by a W7-X-like antenna in the Uragan-2M stellarator

Author: A.V. Lozin, A. Lyssoivan, S.M. Maznichenko, Y. V. Siusko, V. B. Korovin, Yu.V. Kovtun, R. Brakel, Ye. O. Kazakov, A. Goriaev, N. V. Zamanov, J. Ongena, A.N. Shapoval, V. S. Romanov, E.D. Kramskoy, M. M. Kozulya, R. O. Pavlichenko, Tom Wauters, A. Alonso, Andreas Dinklage, Torsten Stange, A.Yu. Krasiuk, Vladimir E. Moiseenko, H. P. Laqua, and D. A. Hartmann
Subjects: Physics, Hydrogen, Cyclotron, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Computational physics, law.invention, Ion, chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, Harmonic, Antenna (radio), 010306 general physics, Stellarator, Helium
Abstract: In support of the ICRF experiments planned on the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator, i.e. fast ion generation, wall conditioning, target plasma production and heating, a first experimental study on plasma production has been made in the Uragan-2M (U-2M) stellarator using W7-X-like two-strap antenna. In all the experiments, antenna monopole phasing was used. The W7-X-like antenna operation with launched radiofrequency power of ~100 kW have been performed in helium (p = (4–14) × 10−2 Pa) with the vacuum vessel walls pre-loaded with hydrogen. Production of plasma with a density higher than 1012 cm−3 was observed near the first harmonic of the hydrogen cyclotron frequency. Operation at first hydrogen harmonic is feasible in W7-X future ICRF experiments.
Published: 2020
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9. ECONOMIC AND LEGAL WAYS OF TRANSPORT INDUSTRY MODERNIZATION IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE.

Author: Y., Malykhina, Y., Protopopova, O., Pavlichenko, and V., Pavlichenko
Subjects: ENVIRONMENTAL law, CLIMATE change, CARBON emissions, PARIS Agreement (2016), TAX incidence, INTERNAL revenue, KUZNETS curve, AUTOMOBILE emissions
Abstract: There is substantiated the need to modernize the transport area of Ukraine in the view of state obligations adopted during the signing of international environmental agreements. It is argued that the adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its further implementation by the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement require the signatory States to take measures to minimize the anthropogenic impact of CO2 emissions in the earth’s atmosphere. A comparative analysis of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the fleet of transport industries of European countries and Ukraine proves that the minimization of environmental pollution by Ukraine should be done by renewal the fleet. Based on the statistics of the quality fleet of transport industries of European countries that practice CO2 emissions and those that who does not tax harmful CO2 emissions, it is demonstrated the dependence of the age — related conditions of the fleet, where the taxation demonstrates its incentive properties to modernize transport industries and renew fleets to modern vehicles. The characterization of global trends in minimizing of harmful emissions into the atmosphere of greenhouse gases gave a reason to argue that the implementation of an environmental tax has a dual nature. On the one hand, the tax encourages owners of enterprises, institutions, organizations of transport industry to invest in environmentally friendly transport to minimize the tax burden, and on the other hand, the taxation influences on the environmental situation in the regions and on the planet as a whole. It is substantiated that regulations aimed at minimizing harmful emissions into the atmosphere allow at the state level to implement policies on the formation, distribution and use of tax revenues for fighting climate change. It is concluded that tax revenues from the taxation of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere can be used to support the transport industry through public-private partnerships. It also emphasizes that Ukraine should intensify international cooperation and agree with developed countries to support the modernization of the Ukrainian transport industry using financial mechanisms and technology transfer agreements to increase resistance to climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions enshrined in the Paris Agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021

10. Physics research on the TCV tokamak facility: From conventional to alternative scenarios and beyond

Author: G. Tomaž, M. Weiland, J. Gath, Antti Hakola, Kevin Verhaegh, A.J. Thornton, Matthew Carr, J. Juul Rasmussen, S. Costea, Jorge Morales, A. Perek, X. Feng, F. Pesamosca, Marcelo Baquero-Ruiz, N. Vianello, A. Dal Molin, N. M. T. Vu, D. Hogeweij, G. Calabrò, Tom Wauters, Christian Hopf, E. Alessi, Aitor J. Garrido, Justin Ball, Daniele Carnevale, A. Czarnecka, S. Garavaglia, G. Ferro, George Wilkie, N. Krawczyk, M. Nocente, H. De Oliveira, Ivo Furno, W. Bin, O. Chellai, Stefano Coda, Fulvio Auriemma, Yann Camenen, W. A. J. Vijvers, Christian Theiler, A. N. Karpushov, M. Faitsch, Jérôme Bucalossi, Paolo Ricci, Antoine Merle, T. C. Blanken, Cristian Galperti, Duccio Testa, Ambrogio Fasoli, Y. Andrebe, F. Bagnato, S. Nowak, J. R. Harrison, O. Vasilovici, M. E. Puiatti, Stefan Kragh Nielsen, J. S. Allcock, L. Calacci, Matteo Zuin, V. Piergotti, P. Chmielewski, P. Molina Cabrera, Taina Kurki-Suonio, D. Micheletti, Emanuele Poli, Nuno Cruz, M. Farnik, Jonathan Graves, Alessandro Pau, Olivier Février, N. A. Kirneva, Bruce Lipschultz, E. Lazzaro, E. Havlickova, G. Giruzzi, Jens Madsen, L. Stipani, D. Brida, Ch. Schlatter, M. Wensing, R. O. Pavlichenko, F. Nespoli, J. Decker, Eva Macusova, Fulvio Militello, Nicola Offeddu, Heinz Isliker, A. Zisis, A. Marco, Laurie Porte, Marco Gobbin, Anna Salmi, S. Vartanian, J. Sinha, Matthias Komm, M. Spolaore, Anders Nielsen, T. Happel, R. D. Nem, A. Iantchenko, V.V. Plyusnin, C. Tsironis, V. Igochine, R. M. McDermott, Pär Strand, Benjamin Daniel Dudson, T. Ravensbergen, V. P. Loschiavo, H. Arnichand, E. Viezzer, Fabio Villone, Carlo Sozzi, Z. Huang, V. Pericoli Ridolfini, B. Linehan, L. Hesslow, P. Buratti, A. Casolari, M. Bernert, P. Mantica, H. Weisen, J-M Moret, Maiko Yoshida, N. Bonanomi, S. Feng, A. A. Teplukhina, Jakub Urban, F. Carpanese, C. Piron, S. Allan, Minh Quang Tran, C. Marini, Artur Palha, F.P. Orsitto, Roberto Ambrosino, A. S. Tema Biwole, Harry M. Meyer, Davide Galassi, J. Mlynář, N. Christen, M. Wischmeier, Mathias Hoppe, P. David, J. Horacek, M. Maraschek, G. Ciraolo, R. R. Sheeba, J. Zebrowski, M. Dreval, M. Silva, K. Gałązka, Olivier Sauter, Laure Vermare, A. Gallo, C. Reux, M. Gospodarczyk, O. Bogar, Roman Schrittwieser, C. Marchetto, Patrick J. McCarthy, Joël Rosato, G. Pucella, K. Wu, Volker Naulin, Bojan Mavkov, S. Elmore, Lorella Carraro, Gustavo Granucci, Christopher N. Bowman, O. Kudlacek, M. Gruca, A. Jardin, Federico Felici, Didier Mazon, D. C. van Vugt, D. Douai, Jose Boedo, Raffaele Albanese, U. A. Sheikh, Hugo Bufferand, R. Lombroni, T. Pütterich, Benedikt Geiger, X. Llobet, Izaskun Garrido, J.-Ph. Hogge, J. Ayllon-Guerola, Nicolas Fedorczak, Timothy Goodman, A. Mariani, E. Maljaars, Matteo Agostini, Lorenzo Frassinetti, S. E. Sharapov, C.K. Tsui, Vladimir E. Moiseenko, Robert Mumgaard, Amanda Hubbard, L. Pigatto, F. Matos, D. S. Gahle, Roberto Maurizio, I. Voitsekhovitch, Paolo Zanca, J. Buermans, A. Fil, T. Lunt, S. S. Henderson, D. Ricci, M. Kong, Ondrej Ficker, Matthias Wiesenberger, L. Cordaro, P. Innocente, Roberto Paccagnella, Benoit Labit, N. Rispoli, M. Rabinski, G. F. Harrer, Roch Kwiatkowski, A. Moro, A. A. Beletskii, M. Vallar, M. Reich, F. Reimold, P. Piovesan, Mirko Salewski, J. Hawke, Giuseppe Gorini, J. Čeřovský, F. Causa, H. Reimerdes, B. Esposito, Jernej Kovacic, P. V. Kazantzidis, H. Anand, Gergely Papp, M. Valisa, K. Mitosinkova, Vlado Menkovski, F. Bombarda, M. Fontana, Tommaso Bolzonella, Pascale Hennequin, T. Gyergyek, D. L. Keeling, T. Eich, M. Garcia-Munoz, Stefano Alberti, P. Blanchard, F. Bouquey, R. Shousha, M. Scheffer, B. S. Schneider, R. Jacquier, D. Choi, Nick Walkden, Ola Embréus, C. Ionita Schrittwieser, S. Saarelma, J. Garcia, M. G. Dunne, M. Tomes, R. Zagórski, Y. R. Martin, A. Kappatou, B. P. Duval, T. Tala, Swiss National Science Foundation, Universita degli studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' [Napoli], Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Istituto di Fisica del Plasma, EURATOM-ENEA-CNR Association, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas (CRPP), Department of Physics [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre [Abingdon], York Plasma Institute (YPI), University of York [York, UK], Faculty of Mathematics and Physics [Praha/Prague], Charles University [Prague] (CU), Association EURATOM-CEA (CEA/DSM/DRFC), University College Cork (UCC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering [Aalborg] (M-TECH), Aalborg University [Denmark] (AAU), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear [Lisboa] (IPFN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Coda, S, Agostini, M, Albanese, R, Alberti, S, Alessi, E, Allan, S, Allcock, J, Ambrosino, R, Anand, H, Andrebe, Y, Arnichand, H, Auriemma, F, Ayllon-Guerola, J, Bagnato, F, Ball, J, Baquero-Ruiz, M, Beletskii, A, Bernert, M, Bin, W, Blanchard, P, Blanken, T, Boedo, J, Bogar, O, Bolzonella, T, Bombarda, F, Bonanomi, N, Bouquey, F, Bowman, C, Brida, D, Bucalossi, J, Buermans, J, Bufferand, H, Buratti, P, Calabro, G, Calacci, L, Camenen, Y, Carnevale, D, Carpanese, F, Carr, M, Carraro, L, Casolari, A, Causa, F, Cerovsky, J, Chellai, O, Chmielewski, P, Choi, D, Christen, N, Ciraolo, G, Cordaro, L, Costea, S, Cruz, N, Czarnecka, A, Dal Molin, A, David, P, Decker, J, De Oliveira, H, Douai, D, Dreval, M, Dudson, B, Dunne, M, Duval, B, Eich, T, Elmore, S, Embreus, O, Esposito, B, Faitsch, M, Farnik, M, Fasoli, A, Fedorczak, N, Felici, F, Feng, S, Feng, X, Ferro, G, Fevrier, O, Ficker, O, Fil, A, Fontana, M, Frassinetti, L, Furno, I, Gahle, D, Galassi, D, Galazka, K, Gallo, A, Galperti, C, Garavaglia, S, Garcia, J, Garcia-Munoz, M, Garrido, A, Garrido, I, Gath, J, Geiger, B, Giruzzi, G, Gobbin, M, Goodman, T, Gorini, G, Gospodarczyk, M, Granucci, G, Graves, J, Gruca, M, Gyergyek, T, Hakola, A, Happel, T, Harrer, G, Harrison, J, Havlickova, E, Hawke, J, Henderson, S, Hennequin, P, Hesslow, L, Hogeweij, D, Hogge, J, Hopf, C, Hoppe, M, Horacek, J, Huang, Z, Hubbard, A, Iantchenko, A, Igochine, V, Innocente, P, Ionita Schrittwieser, C, Isliker, H, Jacquier, R, Jardin, A, Kappatou, A, Karpushov, A, Kazantzidis, P, Keeling, D, Kirneva, N, Komm, M, Kong, M, Kovacic, J, Krawczyk, N, Kudlacek, O, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kwiatkowski, R, Labit, B, Lazzaro, E, Linehan, B, Lipschultz, B, Llobet, X, Lombroni, R, Loschiavo, V, Lunt, T, Macusova, E, Madsen, J, Maljaars, E, Mantica, P, Maraschek, M, Marchetto, C, Marco, A, Mariani, A, Marini, C, Martin, Y, Matos, F, Frisina, M, Mavkov, B, Mazon, D, Mccarthy, P, Mcdermott, R, Menkovski, V, Merle, A, Meyer, H, Micheletti, D, Militello, F, Mitosinkova, K, Mlynar, J, Moiseenko, V, Molina Cabrera, P, Morales, J, Moret, J, Moro, A, Mumgaard, R, Naulin, V, Nem, R, Nespoli, F, Nielsen, A, Nielsen, S, Nocente, M, Nowak, S, Offeddu, N, Orsitto, F, Paccagnella, R, Palha, A, Papp, G, Pau, A, Pavlichenko, R, Perek, A, Pericoli Ridolfini, V, Pesamosca, F, Piergotti, V, Pigatto, L, Piovesan, P, Piron, C, Plyusnin, V, Poli, E, Porte, L, Pucella, G, Puiatti, M, Putterich, T, Rabinski, M, Juul Rasmussen, J, Ravensbergen, T, Reich, M, Reimerdes, H, Reimold, F, Reux, C, Ricci, D, Ricci, P, Rispoli, N, Rosato, J, Saarelma, S, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Sauter, O, Scheffer, M, Schlatter, C, Schneider, B, Schrittwieser, R, Sharapov, S, Sheeba, R, Sheikh, U, Shousha, R, Silva, M, Sinha, J, Sozzi, C, Spolaore, M, Stipani, L, Strand, P, Tala, T, Tema Biwole, A, Teplukhina, A, Testa, D, Theiler, C, Thornton, A, Tomaz, G, Tomes, M, Tran, M, Tsironis, C, Tsui, C, Urban, J, Valisa, M, Vallar, M, Van Vugt, D, Vartanian, S, Vasilovici, O, Verhaegh, K, Vermare, L, Vianello, N, Viezzer, E, Vijvers, W, Villone, F, Voitsekhovitch, I, Vu, N, Walkden, N, Wauters, T, Weiland, M, Weisen, H, Wensing, M, Wiesenberger, M, Wilkie, G, Wischmeier, M, Wu, K, Yoshida, M, Zagorski, R, Zanca, P, Zebrowski, J, Zisis, A, Zuin, M, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' = University of Naples (PARTHENOPE), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Observatoire de Paris, Coda, S., Agostini, M., Albanese, R., Alberti, S., Alessi, E., Allan, S., Allcock, J., Ambrosino, R., Anand, H., Andrebe, Y., Arnichand, H., Auriemma, F., Ayllon-Guerola, J. M., Bagnato, F., Ball, J., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Beletskii, A. A., Bernert, M., Bin, W., Blanchard, P., Blanken, T. C., Boedo, J. A., Bogar, O., Bolzonella, T., Bombarda, F., Bonanomi, N., Bouquey, F., Bowman, C., Brida, D., Bucalossi, J., Buermans, J., Bufferand, H., Buratti, P., Calabro, G., Calacci, L., Camenen, Y., Carnevale, D., Carpanese, F., Carr, M., Carraro, L., Casolari, A., Causa, F., Cerovsky, J., Chellai, O., Chmielewski, P., Choi, D., Christen, N., Ciraolo, G., Cordaro, L., Costea, S., Cruz, N., Czarnecka, A., Dal Molin, A., David, P., Decker, J., De Oliveira, H., Douai, D., Dreval, M. B., Dudson, B., Dunne, M., Duval, B. P., Eich, T., Elmore, S., Embreus, O., Esposito, B., Faitsch, M., Farnik, M., Fasoli, A., Fedorczak, N., Felici, F., Feng, S., Feng, X., Ferro, G., Fevrier, O., Ficker, O., Fil, A., Fontana, M., Frassinetti, L., Furno, I., Gahle, D. S., Galassi, D., Galazka, K., Gallo, A., Galperti, C., Garavaglia, S., Garcia, J., Garcia-Munoz, M., Garrido, A. J., Garrido, I., Gath, J., Geiger, B., Giruzzi, G., Gobbin, M., Goodman, T. P., Gorini, G., Gospodarczyk, M., Granucci, G., Graves, J. P., Gruca, M., Gyergyek, T., Hakola, A., Happel, T., Harrer, G. F., Harrison, J., Havlickova, E., Hawke, J., Henderson, S., Hennequin, P., Hesslow, L., Hogeweij, D., Hogge, J. -P., Hopf, C., Hoppe, M., Horacek, J., Huang, Z., Hubbard, A., Iantchenko, A., Igochine, V., Innocente, P., Ionita Schrittwieser, C., Isliker, H., Jacquier, R., Jardin, A., Kappatou, A., Karpushov, A., Kazantzidis, P. -V., Keeling, D., Kirneva, N., Komm, M., Kong, M., Kovacic, J., Krawczyk, N., Kudlacek, O., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwiatkowski, R., Labit, B., Lazzaro, E., Linehan, B., Lipschultz, B., Llobet, X., Lombroni, R., Loschiavo, V. P., Lunt, T., Macusova, E., Madsen, J., Maljaars, E., Mantica, P., Maraschek, M., Marchetto, C., Marco, A., Mariani, A., Marini, C., Martin, Y., Matos, F., Maurizio, R., Mavkov, B., Mazon, D., Mccarthy, P., Mcdermott, R., Menkovski, V., Merle, A., Meyer, H., Micheletti, D., Militello, F., Mitosinkova, K., Mlynar, J., Moiseenko, V., Molina Cabrera, P. A., Morales, J., Moret, J. -M., Moro, A., Mumgaard, R. T., Naulin, V., Nem, R. D., Nespoli, F., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, S. K., Nocente, M., Nowak, S., Offeddu, N., Orsitto, F. P., Paccagnella, R., Palha, A., Papp, G., Pau, A., Pavlichenko, R. O., Perek, A., Pericoli Ridolfini, V., Pesamosca, F., Piergotti, V., Pigatto, L., Piovesan, P., Piron, C., Plyusnin, V., Poli, E., Porte, L., Pucella, G., Puiatti, M. E., Putterich, T., Rabinski, M., Juul Rasmussen, J., Ravensbergen, T., Reich, M., Reimerdes, H., Reimold, F., Reux, C., Ricci, D., Ricci, P., Rispoli, N., Rosato, J., Saarelma, S., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Sauter, O., Scheffer, M., Schlatter, C., Schneider, B. S., Schrittwieser, R., Sharapov, S., Sheeba, R. R., Sheikh, U., Shousha, R., Silva, M., Sinha, J., Sozzi, C., Spolaore, M., Stipani, L., Strand, P., Tala, T., Tema Biwole, A. S., Teplukhina, A. A., Testa, D., Theiler, C., Thornton, A., Tomaz, G., Tomes, M., Tran, M. Q., Tsironis, C., Tsui, C. K., Urban, J., Valisa, M., Vallar, M., Van Vugt, D., Vartanian, S., Vasilovici, O., Verhaegh, K., Vermare, L., Vianello, N., Viezzer, E., Vijvers, W. A. J., Villone, F., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vu, N. M. T., Walkden, N., Wauters, T., Weiland, M., Weisen, H., Wensing, M., Wiesenberger, M., Wilkie, G., Wischmeier, M., Wu, K., Yoshida, M., Zagorski, R., Zanca, P., Zebrowski, J., Zisis, A., Zuin, M., Coda, S. et al, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear., Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Fabricación, Universidad de Sevilla. TEP111: Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, EUROfusion MST1 Team, Control Systems Technology, Data Mining, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, and Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic Stability of Fusion Plasmas
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Settore ING-INF/04, TK, UPGRADE, Cyclotron, Overview, Cyclotron resonance, overview, CONFINEMENT, DETACHMENT, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], CONTROL-SYSTEM, 0103 physical sciences, EUROfusion, 010306 general physics, tokamak, QC, plasma, nuclear fusion, Physics, PLASMA, Divertor, Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, Mechanics, TCV, MST1, Condensed Matter Physics, Neutral beam injection, Physics and Astronomy, 13. Climate action, confinement, detachment, Nuclear fusion, control-system, upgrade, TCV, MST1, Beam (structure), Tokamaks
Abstract: The research program of the TCV tokamak ranges from conventional to advanced-tokamak scenarios and alternative divertor configurations, to exploratory plasmas driven by theoretical insight, exploiting the device's unique shaping capabilities. Disruption avoidance by real-time locked mode prevention or unlocking with electron-cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) was thoroughly documented, using magnetic and radiation triggers. Runaway generation with high-Z noble-gas injection and runaway dissipation by subsequent Ne or Ar injection were studied for model validation. The new 1 MW neutral beam injector has expanded the parameter range, now encompassing ELMy H-modes in an ITER-like shape and nearly non-inductive H-mode discharges sustained by electron cyclotron and neutral beam current drive. In the H-mode, the pedestal pressure increases modestly with nitrogen seeding while fueling moves the density pedestal outwards, but the plasma stored energy is largely uncorrelated to either seeding or fueling. High fueling at high triangularity is key to accessing the attractive small edge-localized mode (type-II) regime. Turbulence is reduced in the core at negative triangularity, consistent with increased confinement and in accord with global gyrokinetic simulations. The geodesic acoustic mode, possibly coupled with avalanche events, has been linked with particle flow to the wall in diverted plasmas. Detachment, scrape-off layer transport, and turbulence were studied in L- and H-modes in both standard and alternative configurations (snowflake, super-X, and beyond). The detachment process is caused by power 'starvation' reducing the ionization source, with volume recombination playing only a minor role. Partial detachment in the H-mode is obtained with impurity seeding and has shown little dependence on flux expansion in standard single-null geometry. In the attached L-mode phase, increasing the outer connection length reduces the in-out heat-flow asymmetry. A doublet plasma, featuring an internal X-point, was achieved successfully, and a transport barrier was observed in the mantle just outside the internal separatrix. In the near future variable-configuration baffles and possibly divertor pumping will be introduced to investigate the effect of divertor closure on exhaust and performance, and 3.5 MW ECRH and 1 MW neutral beam injection heating will be added., This work was supported in part by the Swiss National Science Foundation.
Published: 2019
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11. Dependence on plasma shape and plasma fueling for small edge-localized mode regimes in TCV and ASDEX Upgrade

Author: V. Piergotti, F. Pesamosca, Bogdan Hnat, A. Sperduti, A. Krivska, J. Vicente, Panagiotis Tolias, Emanuele Poli, Matthias Hoelzl, Benedikt Geiger, A. Jardin, J. Ayllon-Guerola, G. Apruzzese, T. Lunt, J. Galdon-Quiroga, Riccardo Maggiora, M. Tardocchi, M. Koubiti, T. Jonsson, Bruce Lipschultz, P. Innocente, A. Gude, I Miron, M. G. Dunne, G. F. Harrer, A. Moro, A. Iantchenko, K. Galazka, P. Poloskei, K. Bogar, Roberto Ambrosino, G. Ferr, Vladimir E. Moiseenko, Istvan Cziegler, L. Guimarais, S. Vartanian, B. Erds, G. Pucella, V. Bobkov, James Buchanan, Raffaele Albanese, Harry M. Meyer, D. Boeyaert, G. F. Matthews, Eva Macusova, V. S. Marchenko, R. Zagórski, J. Buermans, A. Fil, W. Zhang, Giuseppe Gorini, B. Tal, D. Zaloga, Hugo Bufferand, A. Romano, L. Colas, J. Zebrowski, M. Weiland, L. Barrera-Orte, Matjaž Panjan, A.J. Thornton, E. Wolfrum, Miglena Dimitrova, R. M. McDermott, R. Lombroni, O. Tudisco, F. Reimold, E. R. Solano, X. Feng, Petra Bilkova, M. Groth, E. Alessi, D. S. Gahle, Olivier Février, I. Voitsekhovitch, Matthew Carr, A. Bock, O. Vasilovici, C. Ham, Lorenzo Figini, Guglielmo Rubinacci, Peter Lang, Pierre Manas, S. Costea, A. Kirk, F. Causa, J. Adamek, Vu N. M. T., M. Cavedon, O. Grover, Geert Verdoolaege, M. Spolaore, L. Sanchis-Sanchez, P. Bohm, P. V. Kazantzidis, Sarah Newton, M. Tomes, M.-L. Mayoral, J. R. Harrison, C. Mazzotta, H. Reimerdes, Jorge Morales, D. Brunetti, J. Gonzalez-Martin, Tomas Markovic, S. S. Henderson, D. Ricci, J. Juul Rasmussen, F. Janky, S. Saarelma, Z. Popovic, C. Tsironis, J. J. Rasmussen, S. K. Hansen, Sandra C. Chapman, Volker Naulin, H. Arnichand, Roberto Paccagnella, M. Faitsch, Anders Nielsen, M. Kong, V. Igochine, C. Piron, C. Bowman, Jorge Ferreira, D. Sytnykov, K. G. McClements, Olivier Sauter, Ondrej Ficker, Matthias Wiesenberger, T. Ravensbergen, C. Reux, Irena Ivanova-Stanik, Dirk Reiser, M. Bernert, M. Vallar, J-M Moret, M. Gruca, D. I. Refy, P. Cano Megias, Benoit Labit, M. Schubert, Giuliana Sias, O. 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Bouquey, Gabor Por, Luca Boncagni, Carlo Sozzi, Martin Hron, P. A. Schneider, V. P. Loschiavo, David Terranova, D. Aguiam, D. Choi, M. Gobbin, D. Iglesias, M. Reich, G. Avdeeva, A. Gallo, O. Biletskyi, M. Aradi, F. Liu, M. Griener, Antti Snicker, L. Kripner, Jérôme Bucalossi, L. Hesslow, Nick Walkden, M. Rodriguez-Ramos, T. C. Blanken, Cristian Galperti, F. Jaulmes, G. Calabr, G.A. Rattá, W. Bin, S. Garavaglia, V. Plyusnin, Andreas Frank Martitsch, A. Zisis, Rita Lorenzini, Duccio Testa, M. Passeri, Ola Embréus, N. Krawczyk, K. Särkimäki, Davide Galassi, D. Samaddar, M. Oberkofler, E. Seliunin, D. Brida, P. Buratti, F. Nabais, J. Ongena, J. Likonen, Yann Camenen, M. J. Mantsinen, F. Carpanese, S. Wiesen, P. Piovesan, Mirko Salewski, J. Hawke, Florian Laggner, R. Bilato, M. Wischmeier, L. Pigatto, G. I. Pokol, G. Giruzzi, Jens Madsen, D. Gadariya, L. Stipani, Christian Theiler, J. Stober, Michael Barnes, Timothy Goodman, R. D. Nem, J. J. Dominguez-Palacios Duran, F. Militello, Y. 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Paradela Perez, P. Chmielewski, L. Giacomelli, Alessandro Pau, Gianluca Spizzo, R. Delogu, R. J. Akers, H. De Oliveira, Petr Vondracek, F. P. Orsitto, J. Hobirk, L. Xiang, A. Burckhart, B. Maljaars, V. Petrzilka, Ocleto D'Arcangelo, P. David, D. Grekov, Tamás Szepesi, Y. Andr be, P. Hacek, M. Toscano-Jimenez, T. Pütterich, L. Cordaro, V. Nikolaeva, F. Orain, M. Rabinski, C. Ionita-Schrittwieser, T. Tala, Maria Ester Puiatti, A. Casolari, T. Happel, Pär Strand, Benjamin Daniel Dudson, P. Mantica, Z. Huang, D. Colette, G. Ciraolo, Jan Mlynar, W. Suttrop, C. Meineri, J. Horacek, Seppo Sipilä, M. Gospodarczyk, S. Mastrostefano, Jesús Vega, Antti Hakola, Kevin Verhaegh, Roman Schrittwieser, C. Marchetto, M. Willensdorfer, Jari Varje, D. C. van Vugt, J. Faustin, Mathias Hoppe, M. Dreval, A. Perek, C. Angioni, Laure Vermare, U. A. Sheikh, J. F. Rivero-Rodriguez, G. Rubino, S.N. Reznik, Tsv K Popov, S. Nowak, A. S. Jacobsen, J. R. Martin Solis, David Moulton, Heinz Isliker, K. 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Dux, Barbara Cannas, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Labit, B., Eich, T., Harrer, G. F., Wolfrum, E., Bernert, M., Dunne, M. G., Frassinetti, L., Hennequin, P., Maurizio, R., Merle, A., Meyer, H., Saarelma, S., Sheikh, U., Adamek, J., Agostini, M., Aguiam, D., Akers, R., Albanese, R., Albert, C., Alessi, E., Ambrosino, R., Andr be, Y., Angioni, C., Apruzzese, G., Aradi, M., Arnichand, H., Auriemma, F., Avdeeva, G., Ayllon-Guerola, J. M., Bagnato, F., Bandaru, V. K., Barnes, M., Barrera-Orte, L., Bettini, P., Bilato, R., Biletskyi, O., Bilkova, P., Bin, W., Blanchard, P., Blanken, T., Bobkov, V., Bock, A., Boeyaert, D., Bogar, K., Bogar, O., Bohm, P., Bolzonella, T., Bombarda, F., Boncagni, L., Bouquey, F., Bowman, C., Brezinsek, S., Brida, D., Brunetti, D., Bucalossi, J., Buchanan, J., Buermans, J., Bufferand, H., Buller, S., Buratti, P., Burckhart, A., Calabr, G., Calacci, L., Camenen, Y., Cannas, B., Cano Megias, P., Carnevale, D., Carpanese, F., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Casolari, A., Cathey, A., Causa, F., Cavedon, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cerovsky, J., Chapman, S., Chmielewski, P., Choi, D., Cianfarani, C., Ciraolo, G., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Colas, L., Colette, D., Cordaro, L., Cordella, F., Costea, S., Coster, D., Cruz Zabala, D. J., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., Cziegler, I., D'Arcangelo, O., Dal Molin, A., David, P., De Carolis, G., De Oliveira, H., Decker, J., Dejarnac, R., Delogu, R., Den Harder, N., Dimitrova, M., Dolizy, F., Dominguez-Palacios Duran, J. J., Douai, D., Drenik, A., Dreval, M., Dudson, B., Dunai, D., Duval, B. P., Dux, R., Elmore, S., Embreus, O., Erds, B., Fable, E., Faitsch, M., Fanni, A., Farnik, M., Faust, I., Faustin, J., Fedorczak, N., Felici, F., Feng, S., Feng, X., Ferreira, J., Ferr, G., Fevrier, O., Ficker, O., Figini, L., Figueiredo, A., Fil, A., Fontana, M., Francesco, M., Fuchs, C., Futatani, S., Gabellieri, L., Gadariya, D., Gahle, D., Galassi, D., Galazka, K., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Galeani, S., Gallart, D., Gallo, A., Galperti, C., Garavaglia, S., Garcia, J., Garcia-Lopez, J., Garcia-Mu oz, M., Garzotti, L., Gath, J., Geiger, B., Giacomelli, L., Giannone, L., Gibson, S., Gil, L., Giovannozzi, E., Giruzzi, G., Gobbin, M., Gonzalez-Martin, J., Goodman, T. P., Gorini, G., Gospodarczyk, M., Granucci, G., Grekov, D., Grenfell, G., Griener, M., Groth, M., Grover, O., Gruca, M., Gude, A., Guimarais, L., Gyergyek, T., Hacek, P., Hakola, A., Ham, C., Happel, T., Harrison, J., Havranek, A., Hawke, J., Henderson, S., Hesslow, L., Hitzler, F., Hnat, B., Hobirk, J., Hoelzl, M., Hogeweij, D., Hopf, C., Hoppe, M., Horacek, J., Hron, M., Huang, Z., Iantchenko, A., Iglesias, D., Igochine, V., Innocente, P., Ionita-Schrittwieser, C., Isliker, H., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jacobsen, A., Jakubowski, M., Janky, F., Jardin, A., Jaulmes, F., Jensen, T., Jonsson, T., Kallenbach, A., Kappatou, A., Karpushov, A., Kasilov, S., Kazakov, Y., Kazantzidis, P. V., Keeling, D., Kelemen, M., Kendl, A., Kernbichler, W., Kirk, A., Kocsis, G., Komm, M., Kong, M., Korovin, V., Koubiti, M., Kovacic, J., Krawczyk, N., Krieger, K., Kripner, L., Krivska, A., Kudlacek, O., Kulyk, Y., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwiatkowski, R., Laggner, F., Laguardia, L., Lahtinen, A., Lang, P., Likonen, J., Lipschultz, B., Liu, F., Lombroni, R., Lorenzini, R., Loschiavo, V. P., Lunt, T., Macusova, E., Madsen, J., Maggiora, R., Maljaars, B., Manas, P., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M. J., Manz, P., Maraschek, M., Marchenko, V., Marchetto, C., Mariani, A., Marini, C., Markovic, T., Marrelli, L., Martin, P., Martin Solis, J. R., Martitsch, A., Mastrostefano, S., Matos, F., Matthews, G., Mayoral, M. -L., Mazon, D., Mazzotta, C., Mc Carthy, P., Mcclements, K., Mcdermott, R., Mcmillan, B., Meineri, C., Menkovski, V., Meshcheriakov, D., Messmer, M., Micheletti, D., Milanesio, D., Militello, F., Miron, I. G., Mlynar, J., Moiseenko, V., Molina Cabrera, P. A., Morales, J., Moret, J. -M., Moro, A., Moulton, D., Nabais, F., Naulin, V., Naydenkova, D., Nem, R. D., Nespoli, F., Newton, S., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, S. K., Nikolaeva, V., Nocente, M., Nowak, S., Oberkofler, M., Ochoukov, R., Ollus, P., Olsen, J., Omotani, J., Ongena, J., Orain, F., Orsitto, F. P., Paccagnella, R., Palha, A., Panaccione, L., Panek, R., Panjan, M., Papp, G., Paradela Perez, I., Parra, F., Passeri, M., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Pavlichenko, R., Perek, A., Pericoli Radolfini, V., Pesamosca, F., Peterka, M., Petrzilka, V., Piergotti, V., Pigatto, L., Piovesan, P., Piron, C., Piron, L., Plyusnin, V., Pokol, G., Poli, E., Poloskei, P., Popov, T., Popovic, Z., Por, G., Porte, L., Pucella, G., Puiatti, M. E., Putterich, T., Rabinski, M., Juul Rasmussen, J., Rasmussen, J., Ratta, G. A., Ratynskaia, S., Ravensbergen, T., Refy, D., Reich, M., Reimerdes, H., Reimold, F., Reiser, D., Reux, C., Reznik, S., Ricci, D., Rispoli, N., Rivero-Rodriguez, J. F., Rocchi, G., Rodriguez-Ramos, M., Romano, A., Rosato, J., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Ryan, D. A., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Samaddar, D., Sanchis-Sanchez, L., Santos, J., Sarkimaki, K., Sassano, M., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Scheffer, M., Schneider, B. S., Schneider, P., Schrittwieser, R., Schubert, M., Seidl, J., Seliunin, E., Sharapov, S., Sheeba, R. R., Sias, G., Sieglin, B., Silva, C., Sipila, S., Smith, S., Snicker, A., Solano, E. R., Hansen, S. K., Soria-Hoyo, C., Sorokovoy, E., Sozzi, C., Sperduti, A., Spizzo, G., Spolaore, M., Stejner, M., Stipani, L., Stober, J., Strand, P., Sun, H., Suttrop, W., Sytnykov, D., Szepesi, T., Tal, B., Tala, T., Tardini, G., Tardocchi, M., Teplukhina, A., Terranova, D., Testa, D., Theiler, C., Thoren, E., Thornton, A., Tilia, B., Tolias, P., Tomes, M., Toscano-Jimenez, M., Tsironis, C., Tsui, C., Tudisco, O., Urban, J., Valisa, M., Vallar, M., Vallejos Olivares, P., Valovic, M., Van Vugt, D., Vanovac, B., Varje, J., Varju, J., Varoutis, S., Vartanian, S., Vasilovici, O., Vega, J., Verdoolaege, G., Verhaegh, K., Vermare, L., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Viezzer, E., Villone, F., Voitsekhovitch, I., Voltolina, D., Vondracek, P., Vu, N. M. T., Walkden, N., Wauters, T., Weiland, M., Weinzettl, V., Wensing, M., Wiesen, S., Wiesenberger, M., Wilkie, G., Willensdorfer, M., Wischmeier, M., Wu, K., Xiang, L., Zagorski, R., Zaloga, D., Zanca, P., Zaplotnik, R., Zebrowski, J., Zhang, W., Zisis, A., Zoletnik, S., Zuin, M., Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Vienna University of Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Université Paris-Saclay, JET, Czech Academy of Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, University of Lisbon, University of Naples Federico II, Graz University of Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, University of Seville, University of Oxford, EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, National Science Center Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, CEA, University of York, Royal Military Academy, Chalmers University of Technology, Tuscia University, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, CNRS, University of Cagliari, CIEMAT, Uppsala University, University of Warwick, Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, University of Innsbruck, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Durham University, BarcelonaTech, University of Strathclyde, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, University of Milan - Bicocca, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fusion and Plasma Physics, J. Stefan Institute, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, National Technical University of Athens, National Centre for Nuclear Research, University of Helsinki, Université Côte d'Azur, Polytechnic University of Turin, NASU - Institute of Nuclear Research, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, University College Cork, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Ghent University, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Labit, B, Eich, T, Harrer, G, Wolfrum, E, Bernert, M, Dunne, M, Frassinetti, L, Hennequin, P, Maurizio, R, Merle, A, Meyer, H, Saarelma, S, Sheikh, U, Adamek, J, Agostini, M, Aguiam, D, Akers, R, Albanese, R, Albert, C, Alessi, E, Ambrosino, R, Andr be, Y, Angioni, C, Apruzzese, G, Aradi, M, Arnichand, H, Auriemma, F, Avdeeva, G, Ayllon-Guerola, J, Bagnato, F, Bandaru, V, Barnes, M, Barrera-Orte, L, Bettini, P, Bilato, R, Biletskyi, O, Bilkova, P, Bin, W, Blanchard, P, Blanken, T, Bobkov, V, Bock, A, Boeyaert, D, Bogar, K, Bogar, O, Bohm, P, Bolzonella, T, Bombarda, F, Boncagni, L, Bouquey, F, Bowman, C, Brezinsek, S, Brida, D, Brunetti, D, Bucalossi, J, Buchanan, J, Buermans, J, Bufferand, H, Buller, S, Buratti, P, Burckhart, A, Calabr, G, Calacci, L, Camenen, Y, Cannas, B, Cano Megias, P, Carnevale, D, Carpanese, F, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Carraro, L, Casolari, A, Cathey, A, Causa, F, Cavedon, M, Cecconello, M, Ceccuzzi, S, Cerovsky, J, Chapman, S, Chmielewski, P, Choi, D, Cianfarani, C, Ciraolo, G, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Colas, L, Colette, D, Cordaro, L, Cordella, F, Costea, S, Coster, D, Cruz Zabala, D, Cseh, G, Czarnecka, A, Cziegler, I, D'Arcangelo, O, Dal Molin, A, David, P, De Carolis, G, De Oliveira, H, Decker, J, Dejarnac, R, Delogu, R, Den Harder, N, Dimitrova, M, Dolizy, F, Dominguez-Palacios Duran, J, Douai, D, Drenik, A, Dreval, M, Dudson, B, Dunai, D, Duval, B, Dux, R, Elmore, S, Embreus, O, Erds, B, Fable, E, Faitsch, M, Fanni, A, Farnik, M, Faust, I, Faustin, J, Fedorczak, N, Felici, F, Feng, S, Feng, X, Ferreira, J, Ferr, G, Fevrier, O, Ficker, O, Figini, L, Figueiredo, A, Fil, A, Fontana, M, Francesco, M, Fuchs, C, Futatani, S, Gabellieri, L, Gadariya, D, Gahle, D, Galassi, D, Galazka, K, Galdon-Quiroga, J, Galeani, S, Gallart, D, Gallo, A, Galperti, C, Garavaglia, S, Garcia, J, Garcia-Lopez, J, Garcia-Mu oz, M, Garzotti, L, Gath, J, Geiger, B, Giacomelli, L, Giannone, L, Gibson, S, Gil, L, Giovannozzi, E, Giruzzi, G, Gobbin, M, Gonzalez-Martin, J, Goodman, T, Gorini, G, Gospodarczyk, M, Granucci, G, Grekov, D, Grenfell, G, Griener, M, Groth, M, Grover, O, Gruca, M, Gude, A, Guimarais, L, Gyergyek, T, Hacek, P, Hakola, A, Ham, C, Happel, T, Harrison, J, Havranek, A, Hawke, J, Henderson, S, Hesslow, L, Hitzler, F, Hnat, B, Hobirk, J, Hoelzl, M, Hogeweij, D, Hopf, C, Hoppe, M, Horacek, J, Hron, M, Huang, Z, Iantchenko, A, Iglesias, D, Igochine, V, Innocente, P, Ionita-Schrittwieser, C, Isliker, H, Ivanova-Stanik, I, Jacobsen, A, Jakubowski, M, Janky, F, Jardin, A, Jaulmes, F, Jensen, T, Jonsson, T, Kallenbach, A, Kappatou, A, Karpushov, A, Kasilov, S, Kazakov, Y, Kazantzidis, P, Keeling, D, Kelemen, M, Kendl, A, Kernbichler, W, Kirk, A, Kocsis, G, Komm, M, Kong, M, Korovin, V, Koubiti, M, Kovacic, J, Krawczyk, N, Krieger, K, Kripner, L, Krivska, A, Kudlacek, O, Kulyk, Y, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kwiatkowski, R, Laggner, F, Laguardia, L, Lahtinen, A, Lang, P, Likonen, J, Lipschultz, B, Liu, F, Lombroni, R, Lorenzini, R, Loschiavo, V, Lunt, T, Macusova, E, Madsen, J, Maggiora, R, Maljaars, B, Manas, P, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manz, P, Maraschek, M, Marchenko, V, Marchetto, C, Mariani, A, Marini, C, Markovic, T, Marrelli, L, Martin, P, Martin Solis, J, Martitsch, A, Mastrostefano, S, Matos, F, Matthews, G, Mayoral, M, Mazon, D, Mazzotta, C, Mc Carthy, P, Mcclements, K, Mcdermott, R, Mcmillan, B, Meineri, C, Menkovski, V, Meshcheriakov, D, Messmer, M, Micheletti, D, Milanesio, D, Militello, F, Miron, I, Mlynar, J, Moiseenko, V, Molina Cabrera, P, Morales, J, Moret, J, Moro, A, Moulton, D, Nabais, F, Naulin, V, Naydenkova, D, Nem, R, Nespoli, F, Newton, S, Nielsen, A, Nielsen, S, Nikolaeva, V, Nocente, M, Nowak, S, Oberkofler, M, Ochoukov, R, Ollus, P, Olsen, J, Omotani, J, Ongena, J, Orain, F, Orsitto, F, Paccagnella, R, Palha, A, Panaccione, L, Panek, R, Panjan, M, Papp, G, Paradela Perez, I, Parra, F, Passeri, M, Pau, A, Pautasso, G, Pavlichenko, R, Perek, A, Pericoli Radolfini, V, Pesamosca, F, Peterka, M, Petrzilka, V, Piergotti, V, Pigatto, L, Piovesan, P, Piron, C, Piron, L, Plyusnin, V, Pokol, G, Poli, E, Poloskei, P, Popov, T, Popovic, Z, Por, G, Porte, L, Pucella, G, Puiatti, M, Putterich, T, Rabinski, M, Juul Rasmussen, J, Rasmussen, J, Ratta, G, Ratynskaia, S, Ravensbergen, T, Refy, D, Reich, M, Reimerdes, H, Reimold, F, Reiser, D, Reux, C, Reznik, S, Ricci, D, Rispoli, N, Rivero-Rodriguez, J, Rocchi, G, Rodriguez-Ramos, M, Romano, A, Rosato, J, Rubinacci, G, Rubino, G, Ryan, D, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Samaddar, D, Sanchis-Sanchez, L, Santos, J, Sarkimaki, K, Sassano, M, Sauter, O, Scannell, R, Scheffer, M, Schneider, B, Schneider, P, Schrittwieser, R, Schubert, M, Seidl, J, Seliunin, E, Sharapov, S, Sheeba, R, Sias, G, Sieglin, B, Silva, C, Sipila, S, Smith, S, Snicker, A, Solano, E, Hansen, S, Soria-Hoyo, C, Sorokovoy, E, Sozzi, C, Sperduti, A, Spizzo, G, Spolaore, M, Stejner, M, Stipani, L, Stober, J, Strand, P, Sun, H, Suttrop, W, Sytnykov, D, Szepesi, T, Tal, B, Tala, T, Tardini, G, Tardocchi, M, Teplukhina, A, Terranova, D, Testa, D, Theiler, C, Thoren, E, Thornton, A, Tilia, B, Tolias, P, Tomes, M, Toscano-Jimenez, M, Tsironis, C, Tsui, C, Tudisco, O, Urban, J, Valisa, M, Vallar, M, Vallejos Olivares, P, Valovic, M, Van Vugt, D, Vanovac, B, Varje, J, Varju, J, Varoutis, S, Vartanian, S, Vasilovici, O, Vega, J, Verdoolaege, G, Verhaegh, K, Vermare, L, Vianello, N, Vicente, J, Viezzer, E, Villone, F, Voitsekhovitch, I, Voltolina, D, Vondracek, P, Vu, N, Walkden, N, Wauters, T, Weiland, M, Weinzettl, V, Wensing, M, Wiesen, S, Wiesenberger, M, Wilkie, G, Willensdorfer, M, Wischmeier, M, Wu, K, Xiang, L, Zagorski, R, Zaloga, D, Zanca, P, Zaplotnik, R, Zebrowski, J, Zhang, W, Zisis, A, Zoletnik, S, Zuin, M, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ANT - Advanced Nuclear Technologies Research Group, Control Systems Technology, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, Data Mining, Sensorics for fusion reactors, and Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic Stability of Fusion Plasmas
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Settore ING-INF/04, Work package, grassy ELM, ballooning modes, Nuclear physics, 01 natural sciences, Flattening, Ballooning, 010305 fluids & plasmas, grassy ELMs, separatrix density, ASDEX Upgrade, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Edge-localized mode, QC, H-mode, plasma triangularity, type-II ELMs, Physics, Física [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], type-II ELM, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Null (physics), Shear (sheet metal), Física nuclear, Atomic physics, ballooning mode
Abstract: Within the EUROfusion MST1 work package, a series of experiments has been conducted on AUG and TCV devices to disentangle the role of plasma fueling and plasma shape for the onset of small ELM regimes. On both devices, small ELM regimes with high confinement are achieved if and only if two conditions are fulfilled at the same time. Firstly, the plasma density at the separatrix must be large enough (), leading to a pressure profile flattening at the separatrix, which stabilizes type-I ELMs. Secondly, the magnetic configuration has to be close to a double null (DN), leading to a reduction of the magnetic shear in the extreme vicinity of the separatrix. As a consequence, its stabilizing effect on ballooning modes is weakened. Peer Reviewed Article escrit per 365 autors/autores: Labit, B.; Eich, T.; Harrer, G. F.; Wolfrum, E.; Bernert, M.; Dunne, M. G.; Frassinetti, L.; Hennequin, P.; Maurizio, R.; Merle, A.; Meyer, H.; Saarelma, S.; Sheikh, U.; Adamek, J.; Agostini, M.; Aguiam, D.; Akers, R.; Albanese, R.; Albert, C.; Alessi, E.; Ambrosino, R.; Andr be, Y.; Angioni, C.; Apruzzese, G.; Aradi, M.; Arnichand, H.; Auriemma, F.; Avdeeva, G.; Ayllon-Guerola, J. M.; Bagnato, F.; Bandaru, V. K.; Barnes, M.; Barrera-Orte, L.; Bettini, P.; Bilato, R.; Biletskyi, O.; Bilkova, P.; Bin, W.; Blanchard, P.; Blanken, T.; Bobkov, V.; Bock, A.; Boeyaert, D.; Bogar, K.; Bogar, O.; Bohm, P.; Bolzonella, T.; Bombarda, F.; Boncagni, L.; Bouquey, F.; Bowman, C.; Brezinsek, S.; Brida, D.; Brunetti, D.; Bucalossi, J.; Buchanan, J.; Buermans, J.; Bufferand, H.; Buller, S.; Buratti, P.; Burckhart, A.; Calabr, G.; Calacci, L.; Camenen, Y.; Cannas, B.; Cano Megías, P.; Carnevale, D.; Carpanese, F.; Carr, M.; Carralero, D.; Carraro, L.; Casolari, A.; Cathey, A.; Causa, F.; Cavedon, M.; Cecconello, M.; Ceccuzzi, S.; Cerovsky, J.; Chapman, S.; Chmielewski, P.; Choi, D.; Cianfarani, C.; Ciraolo, G.; Coda, S.; Coelho, R.; Colas, L.; Colette, D.; Cordaro, L.; Cordella, F.; Costea, S.; Coster, D.; Cruz Zabala, D. J.; Cseh, G.; Czarnecka, A.; Cziegler, I.; D’Arcangelo, O.; Dal Molin, A.; David, P.; De Carolis, G.; De Oliveira, H.; Decker, J.; Dejarnac, R.; Delogu, R.; Den Harder, N.; Dimitrova, M.; Dolizy, F.; Domínguez-Palacios Durán, J. J.; Douai, D.; Drenik, A.; Dreval, M.; Dudson, B.; Dunai, D.; Duval, B. P.; Dux, R.; Elmore, S.; Embréus, O.; Erds, B.; Fable, E.; Faitsch, M.; Fanni, A.; Farnik, M.; Faust, I.; Faustin, J.; Fedorczak, N.; Felici, F.; Feng, S.; Feng, X.; Ferreira, J.; Ferr, G.; Février, O.; Ficker, O.; Figini, L.; Figueiredo, A.; Fil, A.; Fontana, M.; Francesco, M.; Fuchs, C.; Futatani, S.; Gabellieri, L.; Gadariya, D.; Gahle, D.; Galassi, D.; Gałązka, K.; Galdon-Quiroga, J.; Galeani, S.; Gallart, D.; Gallo, A.; Galperti, C.; Garavaglia, S.; Garcia, J.; Garcia-Lopez, J.; Garcia-Mu oz, M.; Garzotti, L.; Gath, J.; Geiger, B.; Giacomelli, L.; Giannone, L.; Gibson, S.; Gil, L.; Giovannozzi, E.; Giruzzi, G.; Gobbin, M.; Gonzalez-Martin, J.; Goodman, T. P.; Gorini, G.; Gospodarczyk, M.; Granucci, G.; Grekov, D. 1; Grenfell, G.; Griener, M.; Groth, M.; Grover, O.; Gruca, M.; Gude, A.; Guimarais, L.; Gyergyek, T.; Hacek, P.; Hakola, A.; Ham, C.; Happel, T.; Harrison, J.; Havranek, A.; Hawke, J.; Henderson, S.; Hesslow, L.; Hitzler, F.; Hnat, B.; Hobirk, J.; Hoelzl, M.; Hogeweij, D.; Hopf, C.; Hoppe, M.; Horacek, J.; Hron, M.; Huang, Z.; Iantchenko, A.; Iglesias, D.; Igochine, V.; Innocente, P.; Ionita-Schrittwieser, C.; Isliker, H.; Ivanova-Stanik, I.; Jacobsen, A.; Jakubowski, M.; Janky, F.; Jardin, A.; Jaulmes, F.; Jensen, T.; Jonsson, T.; Kallenbach, A.; Kappatou, A.; Karpushov, A.; Kasilov, S.; Kazakov, Y.; Kazantzidis, P. V.; Keeling, D.; Kelemen, M.; Kendl, A.; Kernbichler, W.; Kirk, A.; Kocsis, G.; Komm, M.; Kong, M.; Korovin, V.; Koubiti, M.; Kovacic, J.; Krawczyk, N.; Krieger, K.; Kripner, L.; Křivská, A.; Kudlacek, O.; Kulyk, Y.; Kurki-Suonio, T.; Kwiatkowski, R.; Laggner, F.; Laguardia, L.; Lahtinen, A.; Lang, P.; Likonen, J.; Lipschultz, B.; Liu, F.; Lombroni, R.; Lorenzini, R.; Loschiavo, V. P.; Lunt, T.; MacUsova, E.; Madsen, J.; Maggiora, R.; Maljaars, B.; Manas, P.; Mantica, P.; Mantsinen, M. J.; Manz, P.; Maraschek, M.; Marchenko, V.; Marchetto, C.; Mariani, A.; Marini, C.; Markovic, T.; Marrelli, L.; Martin, P.; Martín Solís, J. R.; Martitsch, A.; Mastrostefano, S.; Matos, F.; Matthews, G.; Mayoral, M.-L.; Mazon, D.; Mazzotta, C.; Mc Carthy, P.; McClements, K.; McDermott, R.; McMillan, B.; Meineri, C.; Menkovski, V.; Meshcheriakov, D.; Messmer, M.; Micheletti, D.; Milanesio, D.; Militello, F.; Miron, I. G.; Mlynar, J.; Moiseenko, V.; Molina Cabrera, P. A.; Morales, J.; Moret, J.-M.; Moro, A.; Moulton, D.; Nabais, F.; Naulin, V.; Naydenkova, D.; Nem, R. D.; Nespoli, F.; Newton, S.; Nielsen, A. H.; Nielsen, S. K.; Nikolaeva, V.; Nocente, M.; Nowak, S.; Oberkofler, M.; Ochoukov, R.; Ollus, P.; Olsen, J.; Omotani, J.; Ongena, J.; Orain, F.; Orsitto, F. P.; Paccagnella, R.; Palha, A.; Panaccione, L.; Panek, R.; Panjan, M.; Papp, G.; Paradela Perez, I.; Parra, F.; Passeri, M.; Pau, A.; Pautasso, G.; Pavlichenko, R.; Perek, A.; Pericoli Radolfini, V.; Pesamosca, F.; Peterka, M.; Petrzilka, V.; Piergotti, V.; Pigatto, L.; Piovesan, P.; Piron, C.; Piron, L.; Plyusnin, V.; Pokol, G.; Poli, E.; Pölöskei, P.; Popov, T.; Popovic, Z.; Pór, G.; Porte, L.; Pucella, G.; Puiatti, M. E.; Pütterich, T.; Rabinski, M.; Juul Rasmussen, J.; Rasmussen, J.; Rattá, G. A.; Ratynskaia, S.; Ravensbergen, T.; Réfy, D.; Reich, M.; Reimerdes, H.; Reimold, F.; Reiser, D.; Reux, C.; Reznik, S.; Ricci, D.; Rispoli, N.; Rivero-Rodriguez, J. F.; Rocchi, G.; Rodriguez-Ramos, M.; Romano, A.; Rosato, J.; Rubinacci, G.; Rubino, G.; Ryan, D. A.; Salewski, M.; Salmi, A.; Samaddar, D.; Sanchis-Sanchez, L.; Santos, J.; Särkimäki, K.; Sassano, M.; Sauter, O.; Scannell, R.; Scheffer, M.; Schneider, B. S.; Schneider, P.; Schrittwieser, R.; Schubert, M.; Seidl, J.; Seliunin, E.; Sharapov, S.; Sheeba, R. R.; Sias, G.; Sieglin, B.; Silva, C.; Sipilä, S.; Smith, S.; Snicker, A.; Solano, E. R.; Hansen, S. K.; Soria-Hoyo, C.; Sorokovoy, E.; Sozzi, C.; Sperduti, A.; Spizzo, G.; Spolaore, M.; Stejner, M.; Stipani, L.; Stober, J.; Strand, P.; Sun, H.; Suttrop, W.; Sytnykov, D.; Szepesi, T.; Tál, B.; Tala, T.; Tardini, G.; Tardocchi, M.; Teplukhina, A.; Terranova, D.; Testa, D.; Theiler, C.; Thorén, E.; Thornton, A.; Tilia, B.; Tolias, P.; Tomes, M.; Toscano-Jimenez, M.; Tsironis, C.; Tsui, C.; Tudisco, O.; Urban, J.; Valisa, M.; Vallar, M.; Vallejos Olivares, P.; Valovic, M.; Van Vugt, D.; Vanovac, B.; Varje, J.; Varju, J.; Varoutis, S. 1; Vartanian, S.; Vasilovici, O.; Vega, J.; Verdoolaege, G.; Verhaegh, K.; Vermare, L.; Vianello, N.; Vicente, J.; Viezzer, E.; Villone, F.; Voitsekhovitch, I.; Voltolina, D.; Vondracek, P.; Vu, N. M. T.; Walkden, N.; Wauters, T.; Weiland, M.; Weinzettl, V.; Wensing, M.; Wiesen, S.; Wiesenberger, M.; Wilkie, G.; Willensdorfer, M.; Wischmeier, M.; Wu, K.; Xiang, L.; Zagorski, R.; Zaloga, D.; Zanca, P.; Zaplotnik, R.; Zebrowski, J.; Zhang, W.; Zisis, A.; Zoletnik, S.; Zuin, M.
Published: 2019
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12. Characteristics of the three-half-turn-antenna-driven RF discharge in the Uragan-3M torsatron

Author: A. Ye. Kulaga, K. K. Tretiak, Yu.K. Mironov, L.I. Grigor'eva, R. O. Pavlichenko, N. V. Zamanov, I. K. Tarasov, D. L. Grekov, A. A. Kasilov, M. M. Kozulya, A. A. Beletskii, Vladimir E. Moiseenko, V. S. Romanov, V. S. Voitsenya, V.V. Chechkin, and A.V. Lozin
Subjects: Physics, Wavelength, Electron density, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Plasma Physics, RF power amplifier, Electron temperature, Plasma, Antenna (radio), Inductively coupled plasma, Electric current, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract: In the l = 3 Uragan-3M torsatron hydrogen plasma is produced by RF fields in the Alfven range of frequencies (ω ≤ ωci). The initial (target) plasma with the line-averaged density of units 1012 cm−3 is produced by a frame antenna with a broad spectrum of generated parallel wavenumbers. After this, to heat the plasma and bring its density to ~1013 cm–3, another, shorter wavelength three-half-turn antenna with large transverse currents is used. The behavior of the density, electron temperature, and loss of the plasma supported by the three-half-turn antenna is studied depending on the RF power fed to the antenna and initial values of the density and electron temperature supplied by the frame antenna.
Published: 2015
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13. The effect of an electrostatic field on runaway electrons in the Uragan-3M stellarator

Author: Vladimir E. Moiseenko, M. I. Tarasov, I. K. Tarasov, A. E. Kulaga, V.B. Korovin, R. O. Pavlichenko, I. E. Garkusha, V.K. Pashnev, N. V. Zamanov, M. A. Lytova, and D. A. Sitnikov
Subjects: Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Runaway electrons, law, Electric field, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Atomic physics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Stellarator
Abstract: The possibility of suppressing the flux of runaway electrons at the stage of their generation in an Uragan-3M stellarator has been experimentally studied and theoretically analyzed.
Published: 2014
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14. Cleaning of inner vacuum surfaces in the Uragan-3M facility by radio-frequency discharges

Author: V. Ya. Chernyshenko, L.I. Grigor'eva, A. E. Kulaga, A. I. Lysoivan, Vladimir E. Moiseenko, Yu.K. Mironov, M. M. Kozulya, A.V. Lozin, V.V. Chechkin, V. S. Romanov, and R. O. Pavlichenko
Subjects: Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Impurity, Electron temperature, Radio frequency, Plasma, Atmospheric temperature range, Antenna (radio), Atomic physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Spectroscopy, Electromagnetic radiation
Abstract: A method for cleaning vacuum surfaces by a low-temperature (Te ∼ 10 eV) relatively dense (ne ≈ 1012 cm−3) plasma of an RF discharge was developed and successfully applied at the Uragan-3M torsatron. The convenience of the method is that it can be implemented with the same antenna system and RF generators that are used to produce and heat the plasma in the operating mode and does not require retuning the frequencies of the antennas and RF generators. The RF discharge has a high efficiency from the standpoint of cleaning vacuum surfaces. After performing a series of cleanings by the low-temperature RF discharge plasma (about 20000 pulses), (i) the intensity of the CIII impurity line was substantially reduced, (ii) a quasi-steady operating mode with a duration of up to 50 ms, a plasma density of ne ≈ 1012 cm−3, and an electron temperature of up to Te ∼ 1 keV was achieved, and (iii) mass spectrometric analysis of the residual gas in the chamber indicated a significant reduction in the impurity content.
Published: 2013
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15. Recent diagnostic developments on LHD

Author: S Sudo, Y Nagayama, B J Peterson, K Kawahata, T Akiyama, N Ashikawa, M Emoto, M Goto, Y Hamada, K Ida, T Ido, H Iguchi, S Inagaki, M Isobe, T Kobuchi, A Komori, Y Liang, S Masuzaki, T Minami, T Morisaki, S Morita, S Muto, Y Nakamura, H Nakanishi, M Narushima, K Narihara, M Nishiura, A Nishizawa, S Ohdachi, M Osakabe, T Ozaki, R O Pavlichenko, S Sakakibara, K Sato, M Shoji, N Tamura, K Tanaka, K Toi, T Tokuzawa, K Y Watanabe, T Watanabe, H Yamada, I Yamada, M Yoshinuma, P Goncharov, D Kalinina, T Kanaba, T Sugimoto, A Ejiri, Y Ono, H Hojo, K Ishii, N Iwama, Y Kogi, A Mase, M Sakamoto, K Kondo, H Nagasaki, S Yamamoto, N Nishino, S Okajima, T Saida, M Sasao, T Takeda, S Tsuji-Iio, D S Darrow, H Takahashi, Y Liu, J F Lyon, A Yu Kostrioukov, V B Kuteev, V Sergeev, I Viniar, A V Krasilnikov, A Sanin, L N Vyacheslavov, D Stutman, M Finkenthal, O Motojima, and LHD Group
Subjects: Physics, Plasma parameters, business.industry, Divertor, Bolometer, Polarimeter, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Photon counting, law.invention, Large Helical Device, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Plasma diagnostics, business
Abstract: Standard diagnostics for fundamental plasma parameters and for plasma physics are routinely utilized for daily operation and physics studies in the large helical device (LHD) with high reliability. Diagnostics for steady-state plasma are under intensive development, especially for Te, ne (yttrium–aluminium garnet (YAG) laser Thomson, CO2 laser polarimeter), data acquisition in steady-state and heat-resistant probes. To clarify the plasma properties of the helical structure, two- or three-dimensional diagnostics are being aggressively developed: tangential cameras (fast SX TV, photon counting CCD, Hα TV); tomography (tangential SX CCD, bolometer); imaging (bolometer, ECE, reflectometer). Divertor and edge physics are important key issues for steady-state operation. Diagnostics for neutral flux (Hα array, Zeeman spectroscopy) and ne (fast scanning probe, Li beam probe, pulsed radar reflectometer) are also in advanced stages of development. In addition to these, advanced diagnostics are being intensively developed in LHD through domestic and international collaborations.
Published: 2003
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16. [Untitled]

Author: Isamu Ogawa, Kazuo Kawahata, Toshitaka Idehara, Motoyasu Sato, and R. O. Pavlichenko
Subjects: Physics, Radiation, business.industry, Forward scatter, Scattering, Thomson scattering, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, law.invention, Large Helical Device, Wavelength, Optics, law, Gyrotron, Plasma diagnostics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Instrumentation
Abstract: Summary form only given. Development of the Collective Thomson Scattering (CTS) diagnostic system for LHD is presented. High frequency, tunable (87-97 GHz), medium power ( /spl sim/100 kW) quasi-optical gyrotron will be used as a radiation source. We will show the detailed description of the system as well as initial calculations of the scattered microwave power from the LHD plasma. Using the quasi-optical gyrotron as a radiation source was inspired by the fact that this particular device has the ability of tuning of the operational frequency. Which is made it very attractive for using under the various scenarios for LHD plasmas. It is planned that the system utilize 'forward scattering schema' of the experimental set-up. The calculation of the expected scattered power shows that (in the chosen frequency range and chosen values of the scattered angle) the dominant part of it came from the so-called 'ion-feature'. This is a situation when the incident radiation is mainly scattered by the 'shielded ions' (by electron cloud). Other advantage for using gyrotron (not 10.6 /spl mu/m CO/sub 2/ laser) as a power source is as follows. Since for the typical scattering experiments under consideration scattered wave number is k /spl sim/ k/sub i/ sin(/spl theta//sub B//2). Thus for coherent scattering to occur, it is possible to significantly increase the scattered angle /spl theta//sub B/ as a wave length of the incident radiation increases from the short wavelength (CO/sub 2/ laser) through far-infra-red (FIR) wavelength to the millimeter wavelength of gyrotrons.
Published: 2002
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17. [Untitled]

Author: R. O. Pavlichenko, Toshitaka Idehara, Isamu Ogawa, Seitaro Mitsudo, D. Wagner, S. Maeda, and Manfred Thumm
Subjects: Physics, Radiation, business.industry, Mode (statistics), Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Optics, law, Gyrotron, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Classical electromagnetism, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Instrumentation, Submillimeter wave
Abstract: Operation tests of a cavity designed for high purity mode operation of the submillimeter wave gyrotron FU VA has been carried out successfully. The observed emission patterns of several cavity modes appear very pure and are compared with calculated results. High purity mode operation has the advantage of making the conversion to Gaussian-like beams more efficient.
Published: 2002
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18. Energy confinement and thermal transport characteristics of net current free plasmas in the Large Helical Device

Author: K. V. Khlopenkov, Hajime Suzuki, Sadao Satoh, Mamiko Sasao, Hiroshi Idei, Masami Fujiwara, Hideo Sugama, K.Y. Watanabe, G. Rewoldt, Ken Matsuoka, S. Morita, Yoshihide Oka, S. Yamamoto, Suguru Masuzaki, Naoki Tamura, Yuki Torii, Masaki Osakabe, T. Tokuzawa, N. Noda, T. Uda, S. Sudo, S. Murakami, H. Sasao, Takashi Notake, Akio Sagara, Hideya Nakanishi, Kunizo Ohkubo, Osamu Kaneko, H Funaba, Shinichiro Kado, Motoshi Goto, O. Motojima, Katsuyoshi Tsumori, Y. Liang, Takashi Shimozuma, Ichihiro Yamada, T. Watari, Akio Komori, Kenji Saito, T. Minami, Y. Hamada, Hiroshi Yamada, Y. Nakamura, Takashi Mutoh, K. Narihara, Ryuichi Sakamoto, I. Ohtake, N. Inoue, P. de Vries, K. Toi, K. Yamazaki, Mitsutaka Isobe, Tomohiro Morisaki, Kenji Tanaka, Noriyoshi Nakajima, Shigeru Inagaki, Kazuo Kawahata, Satoshi Ohdachi, Tetsuo Seki, Kimitaka Itoh, T. Kobuchi, Y. Nagayama, M. Emoto, S. Tanahashi, Masayuki Yokoyama, Masahide Sato, T. Ozaki, R. O. Pavlichenko, Manabu Takechi, Yasuo Yoshimura, Takashi Satow, Kuninori Sato, Y. Takeiri, B.J. Peterson, Shin Kubo, K. Nishimura, Sadatsugu Muto, Soichiro Yamaguchi, J. Miyazawa, Satoru Sakakibara, Mamoru Shoji, Katsumi Ida, Nobuyoshi Ohyabu, N. Ashikawa, Ryuhei Kumazawa, and Katsunori Ikeda
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Ripple, Thermodynamics, Plasma, Collisionality, Condensed Matter Physics, Thermal conduction, law.invention, Core (optical fiber), Large Helical Device, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Atomic physics, Scaling, Stellarator
Abstract: The energy confinement and thermal transport characteristics of net current free plasmas in regimes with much smaller gyroradii and collisionality than previously studied have been investigated in the Large Helical Device (LHD). The inward shifted configuration, which is superior from the point of view of neoclassical transport theory, has revealed a systematic confinement improvement over the standard configuration. Energy confinement times are improved over the International Stellarator Scaling 95 by a factor of 1.6 ±0.2 for an inward shifted configuration. This enhancement is primarily due to the broad temperature profile with a high edge value. A simple dimensional analysis involving LHD and other medium sized heliotrons yields a strongly gyro-Bohm dependence (τEΩ ∝ ρ*-3.8) of energy confinement times. It should be noted that this result is attributed to a comprehensive treatment of LHD for systematic confinement enhancement and that the medium sized heliotrons have narrow temperature profiles. The core stored energy still indicates a dependence of τEΩ ∝ ρ*-2.6 when data only from LHD are processed. The local heat transport analysis of discharges dimensionally similar except for ρ* suggests that the heat conduction coefficient lies between Bohm and gyro-Bohm in the core and changes towards strong gyro-Bohm in the peripheral region. Since the inward shifted configuration has a geometrical feature suppressing neoclassical transport, confinement improvement can be maintained in the collisionless regime where ripple transport is important. The stiffness of the pressure profile coincides with enhanced transport in the peaked density profile obtained by pellet injection.
Published: 2001
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19. Reduction of Ion Thermal Diffusivity Associated with the Transition of the Radial Electric Field in Neutral-Beam-Heated Plasmas in the Large Helical Device

Author: Shin Kubo, Yasuhiko Takeiri, Mamoru Shoji, Katsumi Ida, K. V. Khlopenkov, Kazumichi Narihara, Yasuji Hamada, Hisamichi Funaba, Akio Sagara, Shigeru Sudo, Tokihiko Tokuzawa, Takashi Mutoh, Hiroshi Yamada, Naoko Ashikawa, Hiroshi Idei, Kazuo Toi, Ryuhei Kumazawa, Katsunori Ikeda, Mitsutaka Isobe, K. Nishimura, Kenji Tanaka, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Shigeru Inagaki, K.Y. Watanabe, Tomohiro Morisaki, Yoshio Nagayama, Soichiro Yamaguchi, Byron J. Peterson, Tetsuo Seki, H. Sanuki, Takashi Notake, Y. Nakamura, Masayuki Yokoyama, Takashi Minami, Y. Torii, Yunfeng Liang, Hajime Suzuki, Suguru Masuzaki, Yoshihide Oka, N. Noda, Naoki Tamura, T Yamamoto, Satoru Sakakibara, Masaki Osakabe, Mamiko Sasao, N. Inoue, Takashi Shimozuma, Kunizo Ohkubo, S. Morita, H. Sasao, Katsuyoshi Tsumori, K. Yamazaki, S. Yamamoto, Sadatsugu Muto, S. Murakami, T. Kobuchi, Shinichiro Kado, Akio Komori, M. Sato, T. Ozaki, Ichihiro Yamada, T. Watari, R. O. Pavlichenko, Satoshi Ohdachi, Kimitaka Itoh, Motoshi Goto, Yasuo Yoshimura, Kuninori Sato, Hideya Nakanishi, Masahiko Emoto, P. deVries, K. Saito, Osamu Kaneko, J. Miyazawa, Osamu Motojima, M. Fujiwara, Nobuyoshi Ohyabu, and Kazuo Kawahata
Subjects: Maple, Materials science, General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, Plasma, engineering.material, Thermal diffusivity, Ion, Large Helical Device, Physics::Plasma Physics, Electric field, engineering, Atomic physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract: Recent large helical device experiments revealed that the transition from ion root to electron root occurred for the first time in neutral-beam-heated discharges, where no nonthermal electrons exist. The measured values of the radial electric field were found to be in qualitative agreement with those estimated by neoclassical theory. A clear reduction of ion thermal diffusivity was observed after the mode transition from ion root to electron root as predicted by neoclassical theory when the neoclassical ion loss is more dominant than the anomalous ion loss.
Published: 2001

20. Role of core radiation during slow oscillations in LHD

Author: Byron J. Peterson, Takashi Notake, Suguru Masuzaki, Hajime Suzuki, Naoki Tamura, Shin Kubo, Kazuo Toi, Kazuo Kawahata, Mamiko Sasao, M. Takechi, Kenji Saito, Ryuhei Kumazawa, Ichihiro Yamada, Shinichiro Kado, T. Watari, Kazumichi Narihara, Kenji Tanaka, Hisamichi Funaba, Katsunori Ikeda, Masaki Osakabe, Soichiro Yamaguchi, Akio Komori, N. Ashikawa, Satoshi Ohdachi, M. Sato, Takashi Minami, Tetsuo Seki, Yasuhiko Takeiri, Katsuyoshi Tsumori, Masayuki Yokoyama, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Tomohiro Morisaki, Motoshi Goto, Y. Xu, Yuki Torii, K.Y. Watanabe, Tokihiko Tokuzawa, Takashi Mutoh, Satoru Sakakibara, K. Yamazaki, Y. Nakamura, Shigeru Sudo, Osamu Kaneko, Mitsutaka Isobe, Mamoru Shoji, T. Kobuchi, J. Miyazawa, Hiroshi Idei, Osamu Motojima, Katsumi Ida, Nobuyoshi Ohyabu, Akio Sagara, P.C. De Vries, S. Murakami, S. Yamamoto, Sadatsugu Muto, T. Ozaki, Kuninori Sato, Hideya Nakanishi, Masahiko Emoto, R. O. Pavlichenko, Yoshihide Oka, Takashi Shimozuma, Shigeru Inagaki, N. Noda, Yasuo Yoshimura, H. Sasao, Y. Liang, K. V. Khlopenkov, John Rice, N. Inoue, K. Nishimura, Yoshio Nagayama, and Hiroshi Yamada
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electron density, Materials science, Physics::Plasma Physics, Sputtering, Impurity, Oscillation, Plasma parameters, Divertor, Electron temperature, Plasma, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract: During experiments in LHD using stainless steel divertor plates, a slow (~1 s) cyclic oscillation in the plasma parameters known as `breathing' plasma was observed during NBI heated long pulse discharges. Using an average ion, corona equilibrium model for the iron impurity cooling rate, the iron impurity density profile is calculated for 0.0
Published: 2001
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21. Improved plasma performance on Large Helical Device

Author: Shin Kubo, Shinichiro Kado, Ichihiro Yamada, Kunizo Ohkubo, T. Watari, Akio Komori, S. Morita, M. Sato, J. Miyazawa, Osamu Motojima, Nobuyoshi Ohyabu, Katsuyoshi Tsumori, Hideya Nakanishi, Y. Matsumoto, Byron J. Peterson, S. Murakami, Masahiko Emoto, Yoshihide Oka, Takashi Notake, Ryuhei Kumazawa, Hajime Suzuki, Kenji Tanaka, N. Noda, Hisamichi Funaba, Katsunori Ikeda, H. Sasao, Y. Nakamura, Tomohiro Morisaki, Tetsuo Seki, Yasuhiko Takeiri, Tomo-Hiko Watanabe, Mamiko Sasao, M. Takechi, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Suguru Masuzaki, Hiroshi Yamada, R. O. Pavlichenko, T. Kobuchi, K. V. Khlopenkov, Naoko Ashikawa, Tokihiko Tokuzawa, Takashi Mutoh, Yasuo Yoshimura, K. Yamazaki, Yoshiro Narushima, Kazuo Toi, Yuki Torii, K.Y. Watanabe, Masayuki Yokoyama, Takashi Satow, Soichiro Yamaguchi, Kenji Saito, Hiroshi Idei, N. Inoue, Takashi Minami, S. Yamamoto, Akio Sagara, Yoshio Nagayama, Shigeru Inagaki, Satoru Sakakibara, Osamu Kaneko, Yunfeng Liang, Sadatsugu Muto, Mamoru Shoji, Katsumi Ida, K. Nishimura, T. Ozaki, M. Fujiwara, Keisuke Matsuoka, Motoshi Goto, P. deVaries, Kazuo Kawahata, Kazumichi Narihara, Yasuji Hamada, Masao Okamoto, Shigeru Sudo, Mitsutaka Isobe, Kuninori Sato, Naoki Tamura, Masaki Osakabe, Satoshi Ohdachi, Kimitaka Itoh, and Takashi Shimozuma
Subjects: Physics, Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Large Helical Device, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Beta (plasma physics), Electron temperature, Magnetohydrodynamic drive, Magnetohydrodynamics, Atomic physics, Stellarator
Abstract: Since the start of the Large Helical Device (LHD) experiment, various attempts have been made to achieve improved plasma performance in LHD [A. Iiyoshi et al., Nucl. Fusion 39, 1245 (1999)]. Recently, an inward-shifted configuration with a magnetic axis position R_ax of 3.6 m has been found to exhibit much better plasma performance than the standard configuration with R_ax of 3.75 m. A factor of 1.6 enhancement of energy confinement time was achieved over the International Stellarator Scaling 95. This configuration has been predicted to have unfavorable magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) properties, based on linear theory, even though it has significantly better particle-orbit properties, and hence lower neoclassical transport loss. However, no serious confinement degradation due to the MHD activities was observed, resolving favorably the potential conflict between stability and confinement at least up to the realized volume-averaged beta of 2.4%. An improved radial profile of electron temperature was also achieved in the configuration with magnetic islands, minimized by an external perturbation coil system for the Local Island Divertor (LID). The LID has been proposed for remarkable improvement of plasma confinement like the high (H) mode in tokamaks, and the LID function was suggested in limiter experiments.
Published: 2001
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22. Impact of pellet injection on extension of the operational region in LHD

Author: K. Nishimura, Y. Hamada, R. O. Pavlichenko, Larry R. Baylor, Yoshio Nagayama, Masahide Sato, Yasuo Yoshimura, K. V. Khlopenkov, J. Miyazawa, Hiroshi Yamada, Nobuyoshi Ohyabu, K.Y. Watanabe, Manabu Takechi, Takashi Shimozuma, Sadatsugu Muto, O. Motojima, K. Toi, N. Ashikawa, S. Murakami, T. Tokuzawa, Tetsuo Seki, Shinsuke Kato, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Hideya Nakanishi, Yoshihide Oka, Osamu Kaneko, Kuninori Sato, Y. Liang, Motoshi Goto, N. Noda, Mitsutaka Isobe, Hajime Suzuki, H. Sasao, Mamoru Shoji, Katsumi Ida, P. W. Fisher, Y. Takeiri, S. Sudo, T. Kobuchi, Ryuhei Kumazawa, Katsunori Ikeda, Michael J Gouge, Ichihiro Yamada, Naoki Tamura, T. Watari, Kenji Saito, Mamiko Sasao, T. Minami, Shinichiro Kado, Shigeru Inagaki, Satoshi Ohdachi, Masami Fujiwara, Masaki Osakabe, Takashi Mutoh, S. Morita, T. Ozaki, Y. Nakamura, Soichiro Yamaguchi, A. Komori, S.K. Combs, Kenji Tanaka, S. Yamamoto, Satoru Sakakibara, P. de Vries, M. Emoto, Tomohiro Morisaki, Katsuyoshi Tsumori, Takashi Notake, Hiroshi Idei, K. Yamazaki, Yuki Torii, Akio Sagara, H Funaba, Kazuo Kawahata, Suguru Masuzaki, K. Narihara, B.J. Peterson, and Shin Kubo
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, medicine.medical_treatment, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Ablation, Ion, Large Helical Device, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Electromagnetic shielding, Stored energy, Pellet, medicine, Atomic physics, Penetration depth
Abstract: Pellet injection has been used as a primary fuelling scheme in the Large Helical Device. With pellet injection, the operational region of NBI plasmas has been extended to higher densities while maintaining a favourable dependence of energy confinement on density, and several important values, such as plasma stored energy of 0.88?MJ, energy confinement time of 0.3?s, ? of 2.4% at 1.3?T and density of 1.1 ? 1020?m -3, have been achieved. These parameters cannot be attained by gas puffing. Ablation and the subsequent behaviour of the plasma have been investigated. The measured pellet penetration depth estimated on the basis of the duration of the H? emission is shallower than the depth predicted from the simple neutral gas shielding (NGS) model. It can be explained by the NGS model with inclusion of the effect of fast ions on the ablation. Just after ablation, the redistribution of the ablated pellet mass was observed on a short timescale (~400?ms). The redistribution causes shallow deposition and low fuelling efficiency.
Published: 2001
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23. The performance of ICRF heated plasmas in LHD

Author: Hiroshi Yamada, Naoki Tamura, Masaki Osakabe, Byron J. Peterson, R. O. Pavlichenko, K. V. Khlopenkov, Hisamichi Funaba, Yasuo Yoshimura, Tokihiko Tokuzawa, Takashi Mutoh, Kazuo Toi, Takashi Satow, Yasuhiko Takeiri, T. Kobuchi, Suguru Masuzaki, S. Tanahashi, A.T. Notake, S. Yamamoto, J. Miyazawa, Keisuke Matsuoka, Kunizo Ohkubo, K. Nishimura, Dirk Hartmann, Kazumichi Narihara, Yasuji Hamada, Shigeru Inagaki, Tetsuo Seki, N. Ashikawa, Sadatsugu Muto, Osamu Motojima, Katsuyoshi Tsumori, Sadao Satoh, Takashi Minami, Hiroshi Idei, Nobuyoshi Ohyabu, Mamoru Shoji, Kenji Tanaka, Tomo-Hiko Watanabe, Yan Ping Zhao, Y. Liang, Katsumi Ida, M. Sasao, Satoshi Ohdachi, Takashi Shimozuma, K. Yamazaki, A. V. Krasilnikov, Kimitaka Itoh, Yuki Torii, Hideya Nakanishi, Atsushi Fukuyama, Yoshihide Oka, Hiroyuki Okada, Kenji Saito, Masahiko Emoto, Yoshio Nagayama, N. Inoue, Shin Kubo, N. Noda, Shinichiro Kado, Motoshi Goto, T. Ozaki, Soichiro Yamaguchi, Akio Sagara, S. Murakami, Tomohiro Morisaki, H. Sasao, Ryuhei Kumazawa, Akio Komori, Masayuki Yokoyama, Satoru Sakakibara, M. Fujiwara, M. Sato, Katsunori Ikeda, Osamu Kaneko, Y. Nakamura, Kuninori Sato, Kazuo Kawahata, K.Y. Watanabe, Ryuichi Sakamoto, S. Morita, Masao Okamoto, Shigeru Sudo, Mitsutaka Isobe, Ichihiro Yamada, T. Watari, P.C. De Vries, Hajime Suzuki, and M. Takechi
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Plasma parameters, Divertor, Cyclotron, Pulse duration, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Magnetic field, law.invention, Ion, law, Atomic physics, Stellarator
Abstract: An ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) heating experiment was conducted in the third campaign of LHD in 1999. 1.35 MW of ICRF power were injected into the plasma and 200 kJ of stored energy were obtained, which was maintained for 5 s by ICRF power only after the termination of ECH. The impurity problem was so completely overcome that the pulse length was easily extended to 68 s at a power level of 0.7 MW. The utility of a liquid stub tuner in steady state plasma heating was demonstrated in this discharge. The energy confinement time of the ICRF heated plasma has the same dependences on plasma parameters as those of the ISS95 stellarator scaling with a multiplication factor of 1.5, which is a high efficiency comparable to that of NBI. Such an improvement in performance was obtained by various means, including: (a) scanning of the magnetic field intensity and minority concentration, (b) improvement of particle orbits due to a shift of magnetic axis and (c) reduction of the number of impurity ions by means of titanium gettering and the use of carbon divertor plates. In the optimized heating regime, ion heating turned out to be the dominant heating mechanism, unlike in CHS and W7-AS. Owing to the high quality of the heating and the parameter range being extended far beyond that of previous experiments, the experiment can be regarded as the first complete demonstration of ICRF heating in stellarators.
Published: 2001
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24. Pulsed radar reflectometry on the LHD

Author: T. Tokuzawa, Kazuo Kawahata, Akira Ejiri, K. A. Tanaka, and R. O. Pavlichenko
Subjects: Physics, Electron density, business.industry, Plasma, Polarization (waves), law.invention, Large Helical Device, Optics, law, Plasma diagnostics, Radar, business, Reflectometry, Instrumentation, Microwave
Abstract: Pulsed radar reflectometry is a suitable reflectometric technique with which to study the effect of strong magnetic shear for the polarization of microwaves in the Large Helical Device. Because pulsed radar reflectometry measures the delay time of the reflected wave, not the phase, X-mode and O-mode polarized waves can be distinguished. At a preliminary stage of X-mode operation it is found that the position of the ergodic edge layer is steady in spite of the increased density in the core region when a neutral beam is injected. If the electron density does not reach the critical cutoff density, the pulsed radar system could be used as a delayometer. The measured delayometer signal is almost in agreement with the numerical calculation under the assumption that polarization of the wave propagated into the plasma is decided at the edge region.
Published: 2001
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25. Overview of CHS experiments4

Author: Katsumi Ida, T. Kondo, K. A. Tanaka, K. V. Khlopenkov, Akihide Fujisawa, T. Minami, G. Matsunaga, Masaki Osakabe, R. O. Pavlichenko, Mitsutaka Isobe, Yasuo Yoshimura, S. Okamura, K. Toi, I. Nomura, Mamiko Sasao, S. Sudo, A. Shimizu, Ken Matsuoka, T. Yamamoto, C. Takahashi, M. Takechi, Ryuichi Akiyama, Seiya Nishimura, H. Iguchi, Shinichiro Kado, Y. Liang, K. Ohkuni, Shoji Takagi, and Chihiro Suzuki
Subjects: Physics, Complementary experiments, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Nanotechnology, Electron, Electric potential, Plasma, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Bifurcation
Abstract: Recent experimental results are summarized. One of them is the bifurcation phenomenon of the electric potential which manifests itself in various aspects of CHS plasmas. Here, electrons heated with ECH play an essential role. The CHS will be operated, after being moved to the Toki site, so as to perform complementary experiments to LHD.
Published: 2000
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26. On the possibility of using carbon-graphite materials for the inner elements of millimetre and sub-millimetre diagnostics of a fusion plasma

Author: V.V. Chebotarev, D.G Solyakov, V.L. Ocheretenko, Igor E. Garkusha, V. I. Tereshin, A. N. Topkov, R. O. Pavlichenko, I.P Foinin, A.I. Skibenko, Yu.V. Skosyrev, V. S. Voitsenya, D.V. Orlinskij, V.L. Berezhnyj, and O. K. Chugunov
Subjects: Carbon graphite, Materials science, business.industry, Plane (geometry), Mechanical Engineering, Fusion plasma, Plasma, Wavelength, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Surface roughness, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, Millimeter, business, Neutron irradiation, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: The paper presents data on radiotechnical characteristics of antennae and reflectors for mm and sub-mm wavelength ranges, made of carbon-graphite materials (CGM). It is shown that the reflectivity value of plane reflectors made of different kinds of CGM depends mostly on the surface roughness being close to that of metallic reflectors, and does not change significantly under neutron irradiation. Characteristics of CGM-made antennae are not much different from those for antennae made of metal. Pyramidal antennae made of CGM maintains its properties under imitated plasma disruption much better than a similar metallic one would.
Published: 1997
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27. Imitation of influence of plasma and neutron fluxes on graphite made plasma-facing components of plasma diagnostics in mm and sub-mm wavelength range

Author: A. N. Topkov, Igor E. Garkusha, V. S. Voitsenya, D.E. Solyakov, V.L. Ocheretenko, Yu.V. Skosyrev, A.I. Skibenko, D.V. Orlinskij, I.P. Fomin, V. I. Tereshin, R. O. Pavlichenko, V.V. Chebotarev, V.L. Berezhnyj, and O. K. Chugunov
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, business.industry, Plasma, Pulsed power, Fusion power, Fluence, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, General Materials Science, Neutron, Plasma diagnostics, Graphite, business, Power density
Abstract: Carbon-graphite materials are proposed for manufacturing inner elements of mm and submm diagnostics in a fusion reactor (i.e., reflectors and antennae of different kinds). The investigations of influence of pulsed power plasma streams with a power density ⩾ 1 kJ/cm2 on radiotechnical characteristics of these elements at frequencies 37.5, 75, 105, 694, 890 and 2520 GHz and neutron irradiation with a fluence ∼ 1022 n/cm2 on plane reflectors at a frequency 890 GHz were carried out. Results of our tests point out the prospect to use these materials for making the mentioned elements, especially in the case if similar materials will be used as the first wall protection.
Published: 1996
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28. Density behaviour and particle losses in RF discharge plasmas of the URAGAN-3M torsatron

Author: N.I. Nazarov, A.P. Litvinov, V. Plyusnin, E.L. Sorokovoj, L.I. Grigor`eva, V.V. Chechkin, A.F. Shtan, R. O. Pavlichenko, I.M. Pankratov, I.P. Fomin, A.I. Skibenko, E.V. Trofimenko, and E.D. Volkov
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electron density, Materials science, Plasma parameters, Divertor, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Ionization, symbols, Langmuir probe, Atomic physics, Neutral particle, Stellarator
Abstract: URAGAN-3M (U-3M) is an l=3, m=9 torsatron with R0=1 m, ā ≈ 12 cm and (ā) ≈ 0.4. The entire magnetic system is enclosed in a large vacuum chamber and there is no material limiter, so that an open helical divertor is realized in this device. A plasma is RF produced in 100% hydrogen gas and heated in the multimode Alfven resonance regime (ω ωci) at a continuous working gas leak-in. With an RF power of ~200 kW at B = 0.45 T, a quasi-steady (up to 50 ms) state of the plasma parameters sets in with e 2 × 1018 m-3, Ti(0) 130 eV and Te(0) equivalent to 300 eV. By using microwaves and Langmuir probes, the time and space behaviours of the electron density/ion saturation current are studied in the confinement volume, near the boundary of the confinement region, and in the divertor flux region. On the basis of ion saturation current profile measurements near the boundary of the confinement region the values of local particle flux density across the boundary are estimated: Γ⊥ ≈ 7 × 1020 m-2.s-1 far from the antenna and Γ⊥ approximately=1021 m-2.s-1, Γ⊥ ≈ 2 × 1021 m-2.s-1 near the antenna. Such flux densities and the corresponding diffusion coefficients are anomalously high, exceeding the neoclassical values by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude. On the other hand, these values are comparable with the flux densities and diffusivities obtained in edge plasma with similar parameters on other stellarators under NBI and ECR heating conditions. Therefore, it is claimed that the method of plasma heating that has been chosen in U-3M does not result in any substantial deterioration of particle confinement (with the possible exception of the region close to the antenna) as against other methods. Presumably, the anomalous particle transport across the boundary in U-3M is caused by destruction of magnetic surfaces and/or electrostatic drift wave turbulence. It is found that increasing the RF power results in an increase of the diverted plasma flow and of the hydrogen consumption necessary to maintain the average plasma density at a given level. This is considered as a manifestation of a common regularity, according to which particle losses grow with heating power, this effect having been observed recently on a stellarator type device under NBI and ECR heating conditions. An effect specific to U-3M, the increase of the average electron density, being observed within 1 to 2 ms after RF pulse termination, is attributed mainly to particle transport reduction due to plasma cooling, while the intensity of neutral particle ionization still remains sufficiently high in the confinement volume at the initial phase of cooling under continuous hydrogen leak-in conditions.
Published: 1996
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29. Divertor studies in the l=3 URAGAN-3M torsatron

Author: N.I. Nazarov, A V Khodyachikh, V.S. Vojtsenya, R. O. Pavlichenko, E.D. Volkov, I.P. Fomin, V.V. Chechkin, V Y Bykov, V G Peletminskaya, E L Sorokovoj, L.I. Grigor'eva, V. Plyusnin, and A I Skibenko
Subjects: Materials science, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, Field line, Ionization, Divertor, RF power amplifier, Plasma diagnostics, Plasma, Antenna (radio), Atomic physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Microwave
Abstract: In the l=3, m=9 URAGAN-3M torsatron an open helical divertor is realized. Plasmas are RF produced and heated. The time and space characteristics of the plasma in the space between two coils of the helical winding and on the outward side of the helical winding are studied by microwave and probe techniques. The experimental measurements are preceded by numerical divertor field line tracing. As a result of the calculations and measurements, it is shown that the diverted plasma is formed due to (i) plasma transportation from the confinement volume; and (ii) neutral gas ionization by the near-antenna field. The flow of diverted plasma transported from the confinement volume increases with RF power. This is considered as direct evidence of an increase in particle loss with an increase in heating power, the effect having been deduced recently for a stellarator-type device under NBI and ECR heating conditions. An intense RF discharge along open field lines crossing the operating antenna results in a greatly increased diverted plasma density, in the appearance of a static positive plasma potential up to 150 V near the antenna, and possibly in significant additional RF power loss outside the confinement region.
Published: 1995
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30. A study of three-half-turn and frame antennae for ion cyclotron range of frequency plasma heating in the URAGAN-3M torsatron

Author: V. Plyusnin, V.G. Konovalov, L.I. Grigor'eva, E.D. Volkov, Sergei Kasilov, A.I. Skibenko, V.V. Chechkin, N.I. Nazarov, Vladimir E. Moiseenko, R. O. Pavlichenko, Yu.K. Mironov, A.I. Lysoivan, O.S. Pavlichenko, A.P. Litvinov, V.N. Bondarenko, A.N. Shapoval, S.V. Koval'ov, and I.P. Fomin
Subjects: Electromagnetic field, Dense plasma focus, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Cyclotron, Plasma, law.invention, Alfvén wave, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, General Materials Science, Electromagnetic electron wave, Atomic physics, Antenna (radio), Excitation, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: Numerical and experimental results of Alfven wave heating of plasmas in the frequency range below the ion cyclotron frequency ( ω ω ci ) are presented. Two different types of antenna were used for plasma production and heating: a frame type antenna (FTA) conventionally used in the URAGAN-3M device and a three-half-turn antenna (THTA) proposed recently to avoid the deleterious effects of conversion of fast wave to slow wave in the plasma periphery and to perform plasma core heating more effectively. Numerical modeling of electromagnetic field excitation in the URAGAN-3M plasma by the FTA and THTA was performed using a one-dimensional code. The results of calculations showed better performance of the compact THTA compared with the FTA for the case of a high density plasma (approximately 10 13 cm −3 ). When using the THTA, the experiments performed showed the possibility of dense plasma production (more than 2 × 10 13 cm −3 ) and heating, which had not been obtained earlier in the URAGAN-3M. Shifting the power deposition profile deeper inside the plasma body with the THTA resulted in modification of the plasma density profile and an improvement in plasma confinement.
Published: 1995
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31. ELECTROSTATIC EDGE PLASMA TURBULENCE IN THE URAGAN-3M TORSATRON

Author: A A Beletskii, L I Grigor 'Eva, V V Chechkin, E L Sorokovoy, A A Kasilov, I M Pankratov, A Ye Kulaga, S A Tsybenko, A V Lozin, A S Slavnyj, N V Zamanov, V K Pashnev, Mironov, Yu K, V E Moiseenko, V S Romanov, and R O Pavlichenko
Published: 2012
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32. The prospects of using carbon-graphite materials as construction elements of the microwave plasma diagnostic in a fusion reactor

Author: V.V. Chebotarev, V.S. Vojtsenya, R. O. Pavlichenko, A.I. Skibenko, I.P. Fomin, and V. I. Tereshin
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Fusion, Tokamak, Materials science, business.industry, Plane (geometry), Plasma, Fusion power, Ion source, law.invention, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, General Materials Science, Graphite, Antenna (radio), business
Abstract: The comparative study of working characteristics of some graphite and metallic components of SHF diagnostics, such as several kinds of antennae, plane reflectors and cylindrical waveguides are presented. To simulate the consequence of a plasma disruption in large tokamaks on graphite-made antenna, we tested two antennae (MPG and ARV kinds of graphite) on the influence of power plasma flow: W ≥ 1.10 MJ/m2 with the time duration Δt ≈ 0.1 ms. All results show that the prospects to use graphite elements in a reactor-scale fusion device are rather promising.
Published: 1994
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33. Observation of 20–400 kHz fluctuations in the U-3M torsatron

Author: R. O. Pavlichenko, M. Dreval, A.S. Slavnyj, Yu. V. Yakovenko, A. E. Kulaga, E. L. Sorokovoy, A. Hirose, and N. V. Zamanov
Subjects: Physics, Waves in plasmas, Electron, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, Two-stream instability, Physics::Plasma Physics, Physics::Space Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Radio frequency, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Flattop, Excitation
Abstract: First observations of quasi-coherent fluctuations in the frequency range of 20–400 kHz in Alfven-wave-heated plasmas of the U-3M torsatron are presented. The excitation conditions of these modes depend on the radio frequency antenna type and the plasma density, the appearance of the modes correlating with the presence of both suprathermal electrons and high-energy ions in the plasma, which supports our opinion that the modes are excited by energetic particles. Complicated evolution of the mode frequencies with abrupt changes at the instants of plasma confinement transitions is observed at the initial stage of each discharge. The frequencies become stable at the stage of the plasma current flattop. Raw estimates show that toroidicity-induced Alfven eigenmodes could be responsible for the 150–400 kHz fluctuations. Low-frequency 20–70 kHz bursts are observed during plasma confinement transitions. The poloidal mode number of one of these bursts with the frequency of 20 kHz burst was determined to be m = 2. Th...
Published: 2016
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34. Development of Quasi-Optical Technology for Microwave Diagnostics in LHD

Author: Soichiro Yamaguchi, Y. Nagayama, S. Sugito, R. O. Pavlichenko, Maxim Ignatenko, Yuichiro Kogi, Shigeru Inagaki, and Atsushi Mase
Subjects: Physics, Large Helical Device, Optics, Microwave imaging, business.industry, Optical engineering, Microwave technology, Electron temperature, Plasma diagnostics, Reflectometry, business, Microwave
Abstract: This paper presents development of quasioptical microwave technology for ECE and reflectometry diagnostics in the Large Helical Device (LHD). The ECE for the electron temperature measurement is transmitted with the corrugated wave guide system. Technology for Microwave imaging, such as imaging reflectometry and ECE imaging, has been developed to visualize 3D view of turbulence
Published: 2005
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35. Present status of submillimeter wave gyrotron series in Fukui University

Author: R. O. Pavlichenko, Toshitaka Idehara, Isamu Ogawa, and Seitaro Mitsudo
Subjects: Physics, Frequency band, business.industry, Phase (waves), law.invention, Power (physics), Wavelength, Optics, Physics::Plasma Physics, Modulation, law, Gyrotron, Millimeter, Power semiconductor device, business
Abstract: The gyrotrons developed in Fukui University ("Gyrotron FU series") are high frequency, medium power devices, covering a broad frequency band in the millimeter and submillimeter wavelength region. The output frequency can be modulated by the modulation of beam electron energy. While a phase lock control of the energy makes the output frequency highly stable. A high power, high stability submillimeter wave source has just been realized. In this paper, recent advances of Gyrotron FU series are described.
Published: 2003
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36. High quality operation of high frequency gyrotron

Author: Isamu Ogawa, Manfred Thumm, Seitaro Mitsudo, D. Wagner, Toshitaka Idehara, Y. Iwata, and R. O. Pavlichenko
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Scattering, Frequency band, Radiation, law.invention, Power (physics), Optics, Quality (physics), Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Gyrotron, Optoelectronics, Millimeter, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract: High frequency, medium power gyrotrons (Gyrotron FU series) have been developed at Fukui University as radiation sources covering a broad frequency band from millimeter to submillimeter wave region. Conversion from the gyrotron output of circular waveguide mode into a Gaussian-like beam is useful for applications of the gyrotron to a wide field. A high mode purity output is necessary for an effective conversion. In order to improve mode purity, a nonlinear cavity which is designed using a scattering matrix code and fabricated, is installed in the Gyrotron FU VA. The measurement of radiation patterns confirmed a high purity mode operation.
Published: 2003
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37. A quasi-optical system converting an output radiation of a gyrotron into a Gaussian beam

Author: H. Nozu, R. O. Pavlichenko, Isamu Ogawa, and Toshitaka Idehara
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Gaussian, Filter (signal processing), Radiation, law.invention, Power (physics), symbols.namesake, Optics, Transmission line, law, Gyrotron, symbols, Antenna (radio), business, Gaussian beam
Abstract: High frequency gyrotrons are characterized by their abilities to deliver high powers in submillimeter wavelength range and the frequency step-tunability. Practically all applications require Gaussian beams as a power source. The quasi-optical system consisting of a quasi-optical antenna, two focusing mirrors and a filter is appropriate as a transmission line for frequency tunable gyrotrons operating at TE/sub 0n/ mode. As an illustration of our approach, we present results which demonstrate the applicability of the developed system for conversion of the radiation generated by the Gyrotron FU IVA. The examples include conversions of three TE/sub 0n/ modes (TE/sub 02/, 223 GHz; TE/sub 03/, 323 GHz; TE/sub 04/, 423 GHz) into Gaussian-like beams.
Published: 2003
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38. High stabilization of an output of a submillimeter wave gyrotron

Author: R. O. Pavlichenko, T. Okada, Isamu Ogawa, Seitaro Mitsudo, and Toshitaka Idehara
Subjects: Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Cathode, law.invention, Anode, Phase-locked loop, Induction coil, Capacitor, Optics, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Gyrotron, Millimeter, Resistor, business
Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. High frequency, medium power gyrotrons (Gyrotron FU series) have been developed in Fukui University as radiation sources covering a broad band from millimeter to submillimeter wave region. We have performed cw operation of the Gyrotron FU IV. The fluctuations of the cathode potential and the anode potential result in fluctuations of the output power and frequency. These were stabilized by decreasing the fluctuations of the potentials via introducing smoothing circuits consisting of a resistor, an induction coil and a capacitor. Further stabilization of output frequency was attained by applying phase lock loop.
Published: 2003
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39. High purity mode operation of a gyrotron

Author: D. Wagner, Seitaro Mitsudo, Manfred Thumm, R. O. Pavlichenko, Toshitaka Idehara, Isamu Ogawa, and S. Maeda
Subjects: Nonlinear system, Optics, Materials science, Scattering, Mode purity, business.industry, law, Gyrotron, Radiation, business, law.invention
Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. High frequency gyrotrons are characterized by their capacity to deliver high powers and their frequency step-tunability due to the alternation of the operating mode. Very often the gyrotron output needs to be converted into a Gaussian-like beam because the gyrotron generates radiation with TE/sub mn/ mode structure. High output mode purity is necessary for an effective conversion. In order to improve mode purity, a nonlinear cavity which was designed using a scattering matrix code and exquisitely fabricated is installed in the Gyrotron FU VA.
Published: 2003
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40. Design of the collective Thomson scattering diagnostics for Large Helical Device using a quasi-optical frequency tunable gyrotron as a radiation source

Author: Motoyasu Sato, R. O. Pavlichenko, Kazuo Kawahata, Toshitaka Idehara, and Isamu Ogawa
Subjects: Physics, Thomson scattering, business.industry, Plasma, Radiation, Power (physics), law.invention, Large Helical Device, Optics, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Gyrotron, Plasma diagnostics, Maser, business
Abstract: Development of the collective Thomson scattering (CTS) diagnostic system for LHD is presented. High frequency, tunable (87–97 GHz), medium power (∼100 kW) quasi‐optical gyrotron will be used as a radiation source. We will show the detailed description of the system as well as initial calculations of the scattered microwave power from the LHD plasma. Using the quasi‐optical gyrotron as a radiation source was inspired by the fact that this particular device has the ability of tuning of the operational frequency. Which is made it very attractive for using under the various scenarios for LHD plasmas.
Published: 2003
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41. Development of Frequency Tunable, Submillimeter Wave Gyrotron FU Series for Plasma Diagnostics

Author: R. O. Pavlichenko, Kazuo Kawahata, Seitaro Mitsudo, Toshitaka Idehara, and Isamu Ogawa
Subjects: Physics, Series (mathematics), business.industry, Electrical engineering, Plasma, Power (physics), law.invention, Amplitude, Optics, law, Gyrotron, Plasma diagnostics, Millimeter, Maser, business
Abstract: High frequency, frequency tunable, medium power gyrotrons (Gyrotron FU series) are being developed in Fukui University as millimeter to submillimeter wave sources. The gyrotron series has achieved frequency tunability in a wide range from 38 to 889 GHz and medium output power from 0.1 kW to several kW. For the application to plasma diagnostics, modulations and stabilizations of both amplitude and frequency of their outputs have been achieved. The present status of the Gyrotron FU series is described.
Published: 2003
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42. Progress in stellarator research in Kharkov IPP

Author: M N Makhov, M. M. Kozulya, A. A. Kasilov, M. I. Tarasov, V.D. Kotsubanov, N. B. Dreval, A.N. Shapoval, Ye.D. Kramskoi, A. E. Kulaga, V V Filippov, Vladimir E. Moiseenko, V.G. Konovalov, S.M. Maznichenko, I.M. Pankratov, R. O. Pavlichenko, A. F. Shtan, S. A. Tsybenko, A. A. Beletskii, N. V. Zamanov, V. S. Voitsenya, V. Ya. Chernyshenko, V.V. Chechkin, V.L. Berezhnyj, V.N. Bondarenko, A.S. Slavnyj, Yu.K. Mironov, Igor E. Garkusha, I. K. Tarasov, D. A. Sitnikov, L.I. Grigor'eva, V.B. Korovin, I. K. Nikolskij, A.V. Lozin, G G Lesnyakov, and V. S. Romanov
Subjects: Physics, Cyclotron, Electron, Fermion, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Electromagnetic radiation, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Computational physics, law.invention, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Antenna (radio), Atomic physics, Radiant intensity, Mathematical Physics, Stellarator
Abstract: Recent results of the experimental program on the stellarator-type device Uragan-3M at the IPP in Kharkov are presented. Efforts were focused mainly on optimization of the operation of the frame-type radiofrequency antenna to produce a target plasma for the three-half-turn antenna. Different regimes of the Uragan-3M operation, which are characterized by different temporal behavior of the average plasma density, electron cyclotron emission radiation intensity and particle confinement time, are considered. Elementary atomic processes responsible for plasma creation are studied. The particle confinement time for the Uragan-3M plasmas is estimated. Measurements of energy spectra of charge exchange atoms are carried out. The principal possibility of realizing a 'stellarator–magnetic mirror' scheme as a prototype of a stellarator-mirror fusion–fission hybrid is shown for Uragan-2M. Future plans are discussed.
Published: 2014
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43. Imitation of Fusion Reactor Environment Effects on the Inner Elements of Spectroscopical, MM and Sub-MM Diagnostics

Author: Leonid V. Poperenko, V.F. Rybalko, V. S. Voitsenya, A. F. Bardamid, A.N. Shapoval, N. V. Vinnichenko, D. V. Orlinski, V.G. Konovalov, V. T. Gritsyna, V. I. Gritsyna, V.L. Ocheretenko, V.L. Berezhnyj, K. I. Yakimov, Yu.N. Borisenko, V.V. Ruzhitskij, R. O. Pavlichenko, and A.I. Skibenko
Subjects: Engineering, chemistry, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Mechanical engineering, Imitation (music), Fusion power, Beryllium, Neutron irradiation, business, Diagnostic system
Abstract: This paper consists of two parts and concerns the influence of fusion reactor conditions on inner elements of some diagnostic systems. The first part is devoted to results of imitation experiments on the long-term operation of plasma-viewing mirrors, and in the second part there are discussed the results on a possibility to use carbon-graphite materials for fabricating the active elements of mm and sub-mm diagnostics (radiating and receiving antennae, reflectors). It is evident that results of the second part can be useful only in the case that carbon-based materials but not a beryllium will be chosen as the first wall protection.
Published: 1996
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44. RF plasma production and heating below ion-cyclotron frequencies in Uragan torsatrons

Author: A.I. Lyssoivan, V. S. Romanov, V.K. Pashnev, E. L. Sorokovoy, V.V. Chechkin, V.L. Berezhnyj, Vladimir E. Moiseenko, G.P. Glazunov, Francisco Castejón, R. Koch, V. I. Tereshin, Yu. S. Stadnik, V.N. Bondarenko, V.G. Konovalov, P. Ya. Burchenko, V. Ya. Chernyshenko, A.S. Slavnyi, A.I. Skibenko, A.N. Shapoval, Ye.D. Kramskoi, V.D. Kotsubanov, I.N. Mysiura, M. Dreval, L.I. Grigor'eva, V. K. Mironov, Igor E. Garkusha, D. A. Hartmann, V. S. Voitsenya, V.S. Taran, A.V. Lozin, C. Hidalgo, R. O. Pavlichenko, and A. E. Kulaga
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Hydrogen, Cyclotron, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Electron, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Ion, symbols.namesake, chemistry, Maxwell's equations, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Shielded cable, symbols, Atomic physics, Stellarator
Abstract: In the IPP-Kharkiv there are two torsatrons (stellarators) in operation, and in both of them Alfvén resonance heating under high-k ∥ conditions is used. This method of heating is advantageous for small-size devices, since in contrast to the minority and second-harmonic heating it can be realized at lower plasma densities. A series of experiments has been performed at the Uragan-3M torsatron with an aim to investigate the features of the discharge with a three-half-turn antenna. Electron temperatures in the range are achieved at plasma densities . The plasma energy content has increased by a factor of 2 with respect to the plasma produced with the frame antenna. A new four-strap shielded antenna has been manufactured and installed in the Uragan-2M. A high-frequency discharge for wall conditioning is introduced in the Uragan-2M torsatron. The discharge is sustained by a specially designed small frame antenna, and efficient hydrogen dissociation is achieved. A self-consistent model has been developed for simulation of plasma production in ICRF. The model includes a set of particle and energy-balance equations for the electrons, and the boundary problem for the Maxwell equations. The first calculation results on RF plasma production in the Uragan-2M stellarator with the frame-type antenna are presented.
Published: 2011
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45. Design of the 48, 57 μm Poloidal Polarimeter for ITER

Author: Kazuo Kawahata, Tony Donné, and R. O. Pavlichenko
Subjects: Physics, Thermonuclear fusion, Oscillation, business.industry, Polarimetry, Polarimeter, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, law.invention, Wavelength, Optics, Far infrared, law, business
Abstract: Polarimetry diagnostic for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) considered among the tools to measure and, thus, to provide ability to control the thermonuclear plasma in the next generation fusion device. The shortage of the reliable sources in the short wavelength far infrared (FIR) region suggests to use common CH3OH oscillation line. Recently new laser sources became available at 50 μm FIR region. Proposed system unveil the alternative possibilities apart from 118.8 μm poloidal polarimeter for ITER. This system, which introduces 47.6 and 57.2 oscillation lines of CO2-laser pumped CH3OD laser inherits all well documented features from it 118.8 μm predecessor will shows the clear advantages to utilize shorter wavelength radiation for plasma probing.
Published: 2007
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46. Microwave Imaging Reflectometry in LHD

Author: Yoshio Nagayama, Zhongbing Shi, Yuichiro Kogi, Atsushi Mase, Soichiro Yamaguchi, R. O. Pavlichenko, and Shigeru Inagaki
Subjects: Physics, Electron density, Large Helical Device, Microwave imaging, Optics, business.industry, Reflection (physics), Vacuum chamber, Condensed Matter Physics, Reflectometry, business, Beam (structure), Microwave
Abstract: Microwave Imaging Reflectometry (MIR) is under development for 2-D/3-D measurement of the electron density fluctuations in Large Helical Device (LHD). A rotatable ellipsoidal mirror has been installed inside the vacuum chamber of LHD in order to optimize the illumination beam angle vertically and horizontally. The illumination and reflected beam paths near the reflection surface are calculated by using the ray-tracing code. The illumination angles are optimized in the plasma experiment.
Published: 2007
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47. Microwave imaging reflectometry in LHD

Author: R. O. Pavlichenko, Yuichiro Kogi, Atsushi Mase, Soichiro Yamaguchi, Shigeru Inagaki, and Yoshio Nagayama
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Plasma oscillation, Large Helical Device, Microwave imaging, Optics, Illumination angle, Physics::Plasma Physics, Vacuum chamber, Plasma diagnostics, Reflectometry, business, Instrumentation, Microwave
Abstract: A multichannel reflectometry with an imaging optical system is under development for the measurement of the electron density fluctuations in the Large Helical Device (LHD). The right-hand cutoff layer is utilized as a reflection surface. The angle of an ellipsoidal mirror installed inside the vacuum chamber is remotely adjustable with the ultrasonic motor in order to optimize the illumination angle for the wider range of the plasma parameters. An oscillation due to density fluctuation was observed using the microwave imaging reflectometry for the first time in LHD plasma experiment.
Published: 2006
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48. Two color far infrared laser interferometer

Author: K. Wood, Y. Ito, Kenji Tanaka, Kazuya Nakayama, Kazuo Kawahata, Tokihiko Tokuzawa, Tsuyoshi Akiyama, Shigeki Okajima, and R. O. Pavlichenko
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Detector, Far-infrared laser, Laser, law.invention, Interferometry, Wavelength, Optics, Band-pass filter, Intermediate frequency, law, Astronomical interferometer, business, Instrumentation
Abstract: Two color interferometer using a short wavelength far infrared laser has been developed for high performance plasmas on large helical device and for future fusion devices such as ITER. High power laser lines simultaneously oscillating at 57.2 and 47.6 ?m were achieved in a CO_2-laser-pumped CH_3OD laser. By introducing Ge:Ga photoconductive detectors operating at liquid He temperature, we have successfully detected two color beat signals (0.55 and 1.2 MHz) with excellent signal-to-noise ratio (~40 dB). These beat signals were fed into phase comparators for phase measurement after passing through intermediate frequency bandpass filters. Two color far infraned laser interferometer work was successful in the demonstration of mechanical vibration compensation.
Published: 2006
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49. Role of phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway in the development of cross-resistance of tumor cells to hormonal cytostatics and hypoxia.

Author: V. Shatskaya, O. Pavlichenko, and M. Krasil’nikov
Subjects: *PHOSPHOINOSITIDES, *GLUCOCORTICOIDS, *HYPOXEMIA, *GENETIC transformation
Abstract: Abstract Long-term in vitro culturing of CaOv ovarian adenocarcinoma cells in the presence of a synthetic analogue of glucocorticoid hormone dexamethasone allowed us to obtain a subline of CaOv/D cells resistant to the antiproliferative effect of dexamethasone and characterized by high resistance to hypoxia. It was found that CaOv/D cells are characterized by constitutive increase in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase expression and hypersecretion of vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF-A. Culturing of cells under hypoxic conditions was accompanied by a significant increase in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase expression and VEGF-A synthesis. Experiments with cell transfection with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit proved its participation in the regulation of VEGF-A synthesis and maintenance of cell growth under condition of hypoxia. Our results indicate that coordinated activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and VEGF-A can be a factor determining the development of cross-resistance of tumor cells to hormonal cytostatics and hypoxia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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50. Estimate of polarization effectiveness of receivers for laser radiation and its scattering in the tropospheric aerosol

Author: G. N. Anikeenko and I. O. Pavlichenko
Subjects: Tropospheric aerosol, Materials science, Scattering, business.industry, Radiation, Polarization (waves), Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Optics, law, business, Engineering (miscellaneous), Remote sensing
Published: 1984
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