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This study on layer and broiler houses is expected to give basic information on the nature of microbes, their occurrence, health hazard they could constitute and the possibilities for disease control measures. Modern husbandry practices, state or local concentration of the industry, high stocking densities, uniform age distribution of birds and continuous feeding may promote the spread of poultry diseases. Illness due to contaminated food, poultry wastes, poultry and poultry by products are one of the most widespread problems of the contemporary world. From the poultry houses investigated, bacteria and fungi were isolated from swabs of window nets dust, feed stock, roof dust, faeces, floors, feeders, drinkers, feathers, cages and egg trays using standard microbiological media and biochemicals procedures. The isolates encountered include: Aspergillus furnigatus , Aspergillus niger , Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus terreus , Streptococcus faecalis , Bacillus sp. , Pasteurella gallinarum , Pasteurella multocida , Klebsiella sp. , Eschericia coli , Salmonella sp. , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Yeast and Rhodotorula spp. , which were not typed Aspergillus fumigatus , Aspergillus niger , Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus terreus , Bacilus sp. , Pasteurella gallunarum , Klabsiella sp. , Eschericia coli , Yeast and Rhodotorula Sp. , were present in both layers and broilers houses structures and materials in varying proportions. However, Pasteurella Multocida , Salmonella sp. , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from egg trays, feathers, faeces, and feeders respectively from poultry house materials only and none from the structures of layers and broilers houses. The layer house structures and materials tend to yield more microbes mix than broiler house structures and materials. There were no acid-fast organisms observed from the sediments of washed swabs materials for culture using Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Keywords: Poultry, house, health hazard, bacteria, fungi, microbes

This qualitative study on donkey was conducted in Bauchi, Kano and Kebbi States of Nigeria. The objective of the study was to understand the role, significance and potential areas needing intervention in donkey rearing in the rural setting. The study was also used to obtain first-hand baseline information on the state of knowledge on the donkey in the states surveyed. Sixty two locations were visited comprising 36 from Kebbi, 19 from Bauchi and 17 from Kano States respectively. Rapid Rural Participatory Appraisal (RRPA) technique with check list of questions and farmers' participation was employed in villages/towns randomly selected to cover all the ecological zones in each of the three States. A meeting of one to two hours was organized with the farmers and donkey owners. Observations were made on donkeys at home and in the field. Problems mentioned by respondents included: Colics (Anomari),ulcerative lymphangitis, inflammation of the tongue, interdigital dermatitis, ear sore, fistulous withers, unknown causes of lameness and nervous system disorder called locally as “chinkai chinkai”. There were generally poor or no veterinary facilities and services in most of the villages and towns. It was not the farmers practice to take donkeys to clinic for treatment. Mortality was high during the late dry season in most places but also occurred in the rainy season in some places. Areas for further investigations were also highlighted. Keywords: Nigeria, Appraisal, Northern States, diseases, donkey