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Morphological features were revealed and the seed quality of samples of shrubby perilla ( Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton) was determined when introduced to the Southern coast of the Crimea in a subtropical climate of the Mediterranean type. It is shown that samples of various geographical origin under the conditions of introduction undergo all cycles of development, are characterized by high variability of morphological parameters and aroma; form full-fledged seeds with high laboratory (79-92%) and field (75-90%) germination. The application of the X-ray method showed that the seeds have a high degree of completion (57-95%), correlated with germination. The mass of 1000 seeds of the studied samples varies from 1.25 to 1.86 g. The use of light microscopy methods allowed us to study the size, shape, color and surface pattern of the seeds, and to establish that the length of the seeds of shrubby perilla of its own reproduction varies within 1.44-2.23 mm, width - 1.33-1.89 mm. It was found that the seeds of the studied samples have a similar plan of structure: they are characterized by a rounded or oval shape, the surface of the shell has a cellular structure, is colored brown in various shades.

The paper presents the results of an introduction study of four species of the genus Echinacea Moench from the collection of aromatic and medical plants of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden: E. angustifolia DС. , E. pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. , E. tennesseensis (Breadle) Small and E. purpurea (L.) Moench. Morphological and biological features of these species were identified in order to determine the prospects of their cultivation in the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea. A positive interspecific dependence of the number of inflorescences (baskets) on a plant with the length of the growing season (r=0.92) was established. An intraspecific assessment of the morphometry of inflorescences, such as their diameter, the length of the lingual flowers and the height of the flower bed, showed that E. purpurea has a tendency to negatively correlate these indicators with their number on the plant. Among the studied species of the genus Echinacea, according to the complex of thirteen morpho-biological and economically valuable traits, two species differ in adaptive advantage - these are E. purpurea and E. tennesseensis , and the best samples are No. 15309 and No. 6106 with an aboveground mass yield, respectively, 1.20±0.21 kg/plant and 0.92±0.19 kg/plant. E. pallida is characterized by cumulative signs of drought resistance, it is a short growing season equal to 124±4.1 days and a narrow-lanceolate leaf blade shape (index - 9.6), which allows this species to form a significant yield of aboveground mass (0.86±0.17 kg/plant) in the arid conditions of the subtropical climate of the Southern coast of the Crimea.

The article presents data on the content and composition of the essential oil of Mentha longifolia (L.) L. plants growing in natural phytocenoses on the territory of Crimea and Abkhazia. It was found that dry raw materials in two samples from natural phytocenoses of Crimea contain 1.27 and 1.76% of essential oil per wet weight, three samples from phytocenoses of Abkhazia contain less essential oil - 0.68, 0.98 and 1.19 %. About 60 components have been identified. Two new chemotypes were identified for Crimea: carvone-piperitone (mass fraction of carvone is 66.65%, piperitone oxide - 14.37%) and piperitone-sabinene (mass fraction of piperitone oxide - 55.19% and cis-sabinene hydrate - 23.51%), and two for Abkhazia: terpene-caryophyllene (α-terpinyl acetate - 51.48%; β-caryophyllene - 9.26%), piperitone-non-petalactone (piperitone oxide - 46.29%; nepetalactone 4aa, 7a, 7aa - 34.85%). These Mentha longifolia chemotypes are promising for use in the food, chemical, pharmaceutical and perfume industries.

Background. Studying essential oils in conifers is of great scientific and practical interest due to their high bactericidal properties. Their volatiles play an important role in combating pathogenic microflora and removing harmful microorganisms from the air, thus benefiting human health. Conifers are highly effective as part of parklands and urban landscaping.Materials and methods. Pinus radiata D. Don, P. sabiniana Douglas and P. coulteri D. Don grown on the Southern Coast of Crimea were studied. Essential oil was extracted from pine needles by hydrodistillation on Ginsberg devices, and its component composition was analyzed using gas–liquid chromatography on a 6890N system with a 5973N mass selective detector.Results. Among the studied species, P. radiata manifested high essential oil content in needles: 0.15% on the wet weight basis (0.36%, dry weight). Under the conditions of the southern coast of Crimea, the major essential oil components in P. radiata were β-pinene (29.5% of the total essential oil), α-pinene (21.2%) and limonene (12.4%); in P. sabiniana, phenylethyl butyrate (20.5%), limonene (15.2%) and α-pinene (13.7%); in P. coulteri, β-pinene (11.6%), δ-cadinene (11.0%) and α-pinene (10.6%). In the essential oil of P. radiatamonoterpenes dominated (74.9%); in P. sabiniana, monoterpenes (38.7%) and their derivatives − alcohols (25.3%) and esters (20.5%); in P. coulteri, sesquiterpenes (38.2%) and monoterpenes (28.8%).Conclusion. The essential oils of P. radiata and P. sabiniana under different climate conditions contained mostly monoterpenes (β-pinene in P. radiata, and α-pinene in P. sabiniana) and their derivatives. The component composition of P. coulteri essential oil was the most variable, with a general tendency towards the predominance of sesquiterpenes and diterpenes; the ratio between those groups and the qualitative composition of sesquiterpenes both varied.

The article presents data on the content and composition of petitgrain essential oil of six varieties and hybrids of lemon growing in open ground in a humid subtropical climate (Republic of Abkhazia): Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck'Odishi', C. limon 'Large-fruited', hybrids C. limon 24517 and 31375, small-fruited limetta ( Citrus limetta Risso) and sweet lemon ( C. limetta 'Chontipico'). The leaves of the studied varieties contain from 0,18 to 0,42% of essential oil (wet weight) straw-colored with lemon aroma. In the essential oil of the 'Large-fruited' variety, hybrid 24517 and small-fruited lime, citral isomers and D-limonene predominate, which cause a pronounced lemon aroma of the oil. The 'Odishi' essential oil has a lemon-pink aroma with floral notes, which is explained by the predominance of citronellal and citronelol in it. Sweet lemon petitgrain oil has similar floral notes, with linalool and citronellal as the major components. A mixed lemon-floral-woody aroma is possessed by the essential oil from the leaves of hybrid 31375, in which, in addition to citral and linalool, sabinene is present. The 'Large-fruited' variety is characterized by the highest content (0,42%) and quality of petitgrain oil.

Cross-linked polymeric and nanocomposite films based on poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and modified mineral nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite and silica have been obtained via radical cross- linking initiated by peroxide containing reactive copolymers. The influence of temperature and additional cross-linking agents on the peculiarities of curing process has been studied. The obtained results reveal that at high temperatures the dependence of film gel-fraction values on time has the extremal character. Obtained cross-linked nanocomposite films are characterized by improved physico-mechanical properties that depend on the nature of mineral nanoparticles, content of peroxide containing copolymer and on the presence of additional cross-linking agent.

The objective of the work was to identify changes in the amount and component composition of essential oil in the raw material of Thymus vulgaris L. (common thyme) when using different distillation methods. The object of the study was two samples of thyme-thymol and linalool chemotypes. Essential oil was obtained from freshly harvested raw materials (inflorescences in the mass flowering phase) by the following methods: hydrodistillation method on Clevenger apparatuses and steam extraction method on the installation for the production of essential oil and intermediates "Alpha-Ether Compact". The component composition of volatile substances was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In the composition of volatile compounds of plant essential oil, 29 components for the thymol chemotype were identified, and 18 components for the linalool chemotype were identified. It was found that the use of the hydrodistillation method allows extracting 40-50% more essential oil. Significant differences were found between the mass fraction of extracted essential oil components using different methods and the content of the mass fraction of essential oil in the raw material of Th. vulgaris and found that depending on the method of obtaining essential oil, the proportion of volatile terpene hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing compounds changes. The method of steam distillation leads to a deterioration of the component composition of the essential oil, reducing the content of the dominant components of both chemotypes (thymol and linalool).

The article presents data on the content and component composition of essential oil in the aerial mass of a valuable essential oil crop - Shrub Perilla (Perilla frutescens var. nankinensis (Lour.) Britton), which grows in anthropogenic and natural phytocenoses in the Republic of Abkhazia and it is grown in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens (the Southern Coast of the Crimea). It was revealed that in the aerial mass of the railing contains from 0.24 to 0.68% of essential oil. The prevalence of perillacetone essential oil (with a relative mass fraction of 39.09-47.79%) and isoegomaketone (40.65-52.40%) in the component composition allows us to attribute the studied samples to isoegomaketone-perillaketone and perilloketone- isoegomaketone chemotypes. Egomaketone (as a precursor in the biosynthesis of perillaketone and isegomaketone), f-karyofellen and a-farnesene are present in small amounts. The results obtained characterize Perilla frutescens var. nankinensis, growing on the territory of the Republic of Abkhazia, as a source of valuable pharmacological essential oils.

Summary. The article describes a case of successful treatment of stomach trichobezoar complicated by a perforated stomach ulcer. Purpose of research. Optimization of diagnostics and treatment of acute surgical pathology of the gastrointestinal tract taking into account a rare etiological factor Materials and methods. A clinical case of trichobezoar in a pregnant woman, complicated by stomach perforation. Results and discussion. Attention is drawn to the problems of diagnosis and treatment of rare gastrointestinal diseases that can lead to the development of acute surgical pathology. The awareness of practitioners about the clinic, methods of timely diagnosis, prevention and treatment of this disease was assessed. to solve these tasks, a multidisciplinary approach is required, with the interaction of psychiatrists / psychoneurologists, endoscopists, x-ray diagnostic services and operating surgeons. Conclusions. The low frequency of cases of gastrointestinal bezoars causes a lack of awareness of practitioners with clinical manifestations, complications and treatment methods. Untimely diagnosis of GI bezoar can lead to severe complications that require serious surgical intervention. The probability of bezoars in mentally unbalanced patients suffering from various types of obsessive States is statistically higher than in mentally healthy individuals.

In the article, the possibility of using the cholesteric liquid crystal mixture doped by the gold nanoparticles as an active medium of optical amino acid sensors is shown. The BLO-62 and the 5CB we...

The results of an introduction study of five species of the genus Echinacea Moench ( Echinacea angustifolia DC., E. pallida (Nutt.) Nutt., E. paradoxa (Nort.) Britt., E. tennesseensis (Breadle) Small and E. purpurea (L.). Moench) are presented in the collection of aromatic and medicinal plants of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens. The features of the passage of phenophases, heat supply, economically important features (productivity, raw material structure) were studied. It has been established that under the conditions of introduction, the studied species go through all phases of development and form complete seeds. The sums of active temperatures (≥10˚С) necessary for the species to pass through the phenophases are revealed and it is shown that the minimum limit values are characteristic for different species at different stages of growth and development. The minimum heat threshold for entering the flowering phase is set for E. tennesseensis , and in the phase of fruiting and seed maturation for E. pallida . The required sum of active temperatures for the mass budding phase of E. purpurea is 1021 ˚С, and mass flowering is 1749 ˚С. The longest flowering period under the conditions of the Southern Coast is characterized by E. tennesseensis - 65 days, the shortest E. pallida - 38 days. According to the flowering rhythm, the studied species are subdivided into late spring-early summer ( E. pallida , E. tennesseensis , E. angustifolia ) and mid-late summer ( E. paradoxa and E. purpurea ). The most full-bodied seeds are formed by E. paradoxa (1000 seeds weight 5.48 ± 0.05 g). The most promising species for productivity of aerial mass is E. purpurea (2.06 kg / m²). E. tennesseensis , occupying the second place in productivity, has the most valuable structural composition of medicinal raw materials, in which stems account for only 65% of the permissible norm (55.0%).

During the storage of essential oils, physical and chemical changes occur, leading to changes in the component composition, as a result of which the organoleptic and pharmacological properties of the oils change. The composition of the essential oils of Tagetes minuta L. and Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) W. Watson was studied by chromatography-mass spectrometry fresh and after storage. It was found that in T. minuta essential oil after storage for 6 months, the mass fraction of the main component, tagetenone, decreases due to the appearance of products of its oligomerization. Such changes lead to an improvement in the organoleptic properties of the oil. After storing the oil for 24 months, polymer forms of tagetones are formed in it and its viscosity is significantly increased, which makes its further use impossible. When storing C. flexyosus essential oil for 6 months, no changes were found in its chemical composition. After 24 months of storage, the mass fractions of cis and trans citral are reduced and undesirable components appear: isomeric forms of citrals, photocitral and caryophyllene oxide. Unpleasant notes appear in the aroma of the oil, and its quality decreases. Studies show that the chemical transformations of volatile components in essential oils do not always lead to a deterioration in their properties and depend on the species of the plant material and the duration of storage.

The article provides data on a comparative study of the content and component composition of essential oil, the total content of antioxidants and flavonoids of two cultivars and two promising cultivar samples of Italian strawflower ( Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don) grown on the Southern Coast of the Crimea in the collection of aromatic and medicinal plants of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens. It has been found that the content of essential oil in the green weight of top of H. italicum varies from 0.1% of the wet weight (‘Crystal’ cultivar) to 0.2 (cultivar No. 5). The main components of ‘VIM’ cultivar essential oil are α-pinene and D-limonene, of ‘Crystal’ cultivar is neril acetate, of the sample No. 5 is α-pinene and rosiforiol, of the sample No. 158 is neryl acetate and γ-turmeric. A significant relative content of β-diketones (38%) in the essential oil of ‘Crystal’ cultivar was noted. The greatest amount of antioxidants (2.59 mg / g (in conversion to quercetin) and flavonoids (0.366%) in the inflorescences of Italian strawflower ‘VIM’ cultivar is contained in the budding phase. The results of chromatographic analysis prove the presence of 4 phenolic substances in the inflorescences of Italian strawflower. UV-spectra of alcohol solutions of the studied raw materials had a maximum absorption at a wavelength of 418 ± 2nm. Quantitative determination of flavonoids by differential spectroscopy calculated as isosalipurposide showed that the content of flavonoids in inflorescences varies from 0.262% to 0.366% depending on a cultivar and a phase of vegetation.

Currently, the forest plantations of Castanea sativa Mill. are largely damaged by phytopathogenic organisms, of which Cryphoneciria parasitica (Murrill) М. Е. Barr. has the most negative impact. The spread of this type of disease reduces the vital state and significantly reduces the life expectancy of C. sativa trees. For the first time, using dendrochronological analysis, the specificity of distribution and degree of phytopathogenic damage to C. sativa trunk tissues were assessed. It was revealed that in its lower part the dieback of the peripheral layers of wood occurs fairly evenly with a total degradation of cellular structures in the amount of 18-20%. In the middle segments of the trunk this figure increases almost twice. And the greatest degree of wood dieback is observed in the upper part of damaged trees. It was found that climatic changes of the last decades determine the strengthening of destructive processes in the woodland of C. sativa of the Caucasus.

The paper presents data on the dendrometric parameters, a needle anatomy and an essential oil characterization of a radiate pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) in the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea. The research was carried out on the model trees (age 70-80 years) growing in the territory of the Montedor Park. For research collected pine needles radiant cuts were made on the freezing microtome (MZ-2, Ukraine), were stained with Sudan III and examined with a light microscope Mikmed-5 (LOMO, Russia) equipped with a digital camera MS-3 (LOMO, Russia). The essential oil from the needles was extracted by hydrodistillation on Ginsberg devices and examined on a gas chromatograph 6890N (Agilent Technology, USA). The studies showed that radiata pine trees achieve their genetically determined parameters, compared to those in the nature habitats in Monterey (California, USA). A needle anatomical investigation clearly demonstrated typical structure. In the essential oil composition, predominance of monoterpenes, in particular a-and (3-pinenes with a large content of the latter was demonstrated. The peculiarity of P. radiata essential oil under the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea, compared to some other regions, was the presence of limonene, which determined the stronger coniferous smell.