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To describe the epidemiology and management of oculoplastic disorders at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.This was a retrospective review of patients with oculoplastic disorders at the Department of Ophthalmology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, IleIfe, Nigeria from January 2013 to December 2016. The general ophthalmology service records were reviewed to identify patients with oculoplastic disorders. Data retrieved from patient records included date of initial visit, age at presentation, gender, oculoplastic diagnosis and aetiology, modality of treatment given, and indications for patient referrals.There were 563 (7.4%) patients with oculoplastic disorders, out of 7,575 ophthalmology department patients. They had 573 oculoplastic disorders in all. There were 281 (49.9%) males and 282 (50.1%) females. The median age at presentation was 28 years (range, 1 day to 100 years). Eyelid laceration (n=68; 11.9%) and chalazion (n=63; 11%) were the commonest disorders. Trauma (n=125; 21.8%) was the commonest aetiology, followed by inflammatory (n=121; 21.1%) and infective (n=108; 18.8%) causes. There were 162 (28.3%) surgical interventions; eyelid repair (n=67; 41.4%) was the commonest, followed by evisceration (n=25; 15.4%), and excisional biopsy (n=25; 15.4%). No patient had ptosis or lacrimal surgery. Orbital disorders (n=21; 42.9%) were the commonest indication for a referral elsewhere.Eyelid laceration was the commonest oculoplastic disorder, trauma was the commonest aetiology, and eyelid repair was the commonest oculoplastic surgery done. Further training in oculoplastics with emphasis on ptosis, lacrimal and orbital surgery, as well as the provision of equipment needed for optimal oculoplastic service delivery are recommended.Décrire l’épidémiologie et la gestion des troubles oculoplastiques dans un hôpital tertiaire du Nigeria.Il s’agissait d’un examen rétrospectif des patients atteints de troubles oculoplastiques au département d’ophtalmologie, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, de janvier 2013 à décembre 2016. Les dossiers du service d’ophtalmologie générale ont été examinés afin d’identifier les patients souffrant de troubles oculoplastiques. Les données extraites des dossiers des patients comprenaient la date de la première visite, l’âge au moment de la présentation, le sexe, le diagnostic oculoplastique et l’étiologie, la modalité du traitement administré et les indications pour le renvoi des patients.563 (7,4 %) des 7 575 patients du service d’ophtalmologie présentaient des troubles oculoplastiques. Ils présentaient 573 troubles oculoplastiques au total. Il y avait 281 (49,9%) hommes et 282 (50,1%) femmes. L’âge médian à la présentation était de 28 ans (intervalle de 1 jour à 100 ans). Paupière (n=68 ; 11,9%) et le chalazion (n=63 ; 11%) étaient les troubles les plus courants. Le traumatisme (n=125 ; 21,8%) était l’étiologie la plus fréquente, suivie par les causes inflammatoires (n=121 ; 21,1%) et infectieuses (n=108 ; 18,8%). Il y a eu 162 (28,8 %) interventions chirurgicales ; la réparation de la paupière (n=67 ; 41,4 %) était la plus courante, suivie de l’éviscération (n=25 ; 15,4%) et de la biopsie excisionnelle (n=25 ; 15,4%). Aucun patient n’a subi de ptose ou de chirurgie lacrymale. Les troubles orbitaux (n=21 ; 42,9%) étaient l’indication la plus fréquente d’un renvoi ailleurs.La lacération de la paupière était le trouble oculoplastique le plus courant, le traumatisme était l’étiologie la plus courante et la réparation de la paupière était la chirurgie oculoplastique la plus courante. Il est recommandé de poursuivre la formation en oculoplastie en mettant l’accent sur le ptosis, la chirurgie lacrymale et orbitale, ainsi que de fournir l’équipement nécessaire à une prestation optimale des services oculoplastiques.Troubles oculoplastiques, prévalence, chirurgie, traumatisme.

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal vascular disease. This study aims to determine its clinical presentations, complications and treatment outcome in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.The medical records of consecutive patients with RVO who presented to the vitreoretinal clinic of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife over a 5-year period were retrieved. Patients' demographic data, presenting visual acuity, retina examination (Volks +78D) findings, complications, treatment offered or given as well as the treatment outcome were extracted and analyzed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 (IBM SPSS, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA) for Windows (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, USA).Sixty-eight eyes of 63 patients had RVO giving a prevalence of 6.3%. Mean age was 65.5±8.0years, 38 (60.3%) were males and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) was the most common 46 (67.6%) type. Vision-threatening complication was present in 25(36.8%) eyes with macula oedema being the most common (76.0%). Twenty-three (36.5%) patients were scheduled for intravitreal pharmacotherapy and 2 referred for retina photocoagulation in another hospital. Sixteen eyes received intravitreal injections with 8 (50.0%) having improvement in vision, 3 (18.8%) had no change in visual acuity while 3 (18.8%) had their visual acuity reduced from baseline post injection. Two (12.4%) defaulted from follow up after the first dose of injection.Retinal vein occlusion is not of rare incidence with CRVO being the commonest type. Intravitreal pharmacotherapy plays a significant role in the treatment of vision loss from vision threatening complications.

Ophthalmic surgical procedures are performed under anaesthesia to enhance comfort and cooperation of patient.To review factors influencing the choice of anaesthesia for ophthalmic surgical procedures.Restrospective descriptive study.Eye unit of a tertiary hospital.All patients who had ophthalmic surgeries in the operating theatre from January 2002 to December 2009.Two hundred and ninety ophthalmic surgeries were carried out during the study period. Age range was 1-95 years and mean of 61.0 ± 1.9; most (55%) were elderly while 4.8% were children. One hundred and fourty seven (50.7%) were males, 143(49.3%) females; male:female of 1.03:1. Local anaesthesia was the more commonly (92.1%) employed while general anaesthesia was used in 23(7.9%) patients. General anaesthesia was used more frequently (71.4%) in children compared to other age groups; the mean age and standard error of means for patients who had general anaesthesia (27.2 /5.4 years) is smaller compared to 63.9/0.93 years for patients who had local anaesthesia (p0.0001). Regional anaesthesia was the most frequently used for all types of procedures except for eye wall repairs in which general anaesthesia was used for 71.4% of patients (p0.0001). General anaesthesia was indicated in seven (41.2%) of emergency ophthalmic surgical procedures as compared to 16 (5.9%) of elective ophthalmic procedures P0.0001.General anaesthesia was more commonly employed in children, eye wall repairs and emergency ophthalmic surgical procedures.

This study was named at determining normal orbital soft tissue parameters in young adults in an indigenous black population.Prospective study on consentimg young adults in a Nigerian University with no previous orbito-facial trauma/surgery, strabismus, ptosis, telecanthus, and history of neurological diseases or previous ocular trauma were excluded. The age, sex and height of each participant were recorded. With the aid of a manual Sliding Vernier Caliper, the inner canthal distance (ICD), outer canthal distance (OCD), right horizontal palpebrae fissure length (RHPFL), left horizontal palpebrae fissure length (LHPFL). The results were imputed, analyzed and reported as simple frequency, means and standard deviations using the SPSS version 11 and statistical significant accepted at P 0.05.Two hundred and four of participants of which 136 (66.7%) were males constituted the study population. Their ages ranged between 17-38 years with a mean and standard deviation of 23.6 ± 3.2 years. Their height ranged from 1.43-1.94 m with a mean and standard deviation of 1.70 ± 0.81 m. The mean and standard deviation for OCD, ICD, RHPFL and LHPFL were 99.6 ± 5.5 mm, 36.5 ± 3.3 mm, 32.5 ± 1.8 mm and 31.7 ± 1.9 mm, respectively. The range and mean ICD (28.2-45.4 mm and 36.5 mm) is greater than the range and mean palpebrae fissure lengths in either eye. Statistcally significant gender based differences were recorded in the mean OCD and ICD with higher values in in males.Normal soft tissue orbit-ocular parameters are presented for young adults in the population showing statistically significant mean larger values for males compared with female subjects.

BACKGROUND : Different types of ocular injuries could be sustained following banger explosives. This case report could be the first of such reports in West Africa. CASE DETAILS : We report cases of ocular injuries caused by bangers. This was a hospital-based study of 3 consecutive cases that presented during the New Year festival. Injuries were classified according to Birmingham eye trauma terminology system (BETTS). Two of the patients ended up with irreversible loss of vision. Another two of the three were bystanders. CONCLUSION : As banger-related ocular injuries result in significant morbidity, public education regarding the proper use of bangers would help in preventing the incidence of ocular injuries and blindness. Advocacy for a strict legislation to regulate its use is strongly recommended. KEYWORDS : Bangers, eye injuries, holidays, Nigeria

Integration of primary eye-care (PEC) into the existing primary healthcare (PHC) system is efficient in reaching rural communities. Baseline assessment of human and material resources for primary eye-care delivery in a rural local government area of southwestern Nigeria with projected population of 126,625 was conducted. Data on number and cadre of all PHC facilities and health-workers were collected. All facilities were visited and materials required for basic PEC inspected. Forty-one (42.3%) community health extension workers, 42 (43.3%) health assistants, 3 (3.1%) community officers of health and 11 (11.2%) registered nurses administered PHC in 27 health facilities. No worker had training in PEC and none of the centres had all the materials for basic PEC delivery. Although procurement of materials and training of health-workers in basic PEC delivery is required, the healthcare facilities and workers currently available are adequate to commence integration of PEC into the PHC system.

The indication for surgical eye removal reflects the pattern of severe ocular diseases in a given community and gives insight into the causes of uniocular blindness. It is an unfortunate end to certain ocular morbidities. In instances where the fellow eye is already blind, it then becomes even more grievous. The aim of the study is to find out the reasons for surgical eye removal in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC) Ile-Ife. Nigeria. Retrospective analytic study of records of all patients who had their eyes removed in the Ophthalmic theatre of OAUTHC Ile-Ife from January 1994 - December 2003 were reviewed without prejudice to method of such removal. A total of 94 eyes were removed during this 10 year period, out of which 92 records were available for inclusion in this study. 30.4% of the patients were below 10 years of age. The male to female ratio was 2.1:1. All cases of eye removal were uniocular. Trauma was the leading cause of eye removal (43.4%) while orbito-ocular tumour was next (30.4%). Tumour was the leading cause of eye removal in the paediatric age group (87.2%) with Retinoblastoma being the commonest indication. Six out of the 92 (6.5%) patients studied unfortunately were already blind in the second eye; in this group of individuals the reason for eye removal was preventable in 83.3%. Most of the indications for eye removal were avoidable. Eye health education is needful for the general populace and particularly for individuals with an 'only' eye.