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Purpose of the study. To assess the effect of inclusion of lactoglobulin in complex preoperative preparation of colon cancer patients on their tumor and resection line tissue microbiota.Materials and methods. 40 patients with colon cancer stages II–III, in whom the operation was the first stage of treatment, during standard preoperative preparation, were injected with a preparation of antibodies against opportunistic intestinal microorganisms obtained from colostrum of immunized cows, 2 g twice a day orally before surgery for 3 days (total dose of 12 g) (main group); 40 patients received standard antibiotic prophylaxis (control group). The quantitative composition of the microbiota was determined in the samples of the removed tumor and tissue of the resection line.Results. The total microbial contamination of the tumor was 9.2 times lower in the main group relative to the control group; the frequency of E.coli and Clostridiae excretion was also statistically significantly lower (p = 0.004 and 0.03, respectively). In the tumors of patients of the main group out of twelve studied representatives of microorganisms, the number of six was statistically significantly lower than in control group, and three of those found in the control group were not detected. Since they were potentially pathogenic (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, fungi of the Candida spp.), the microbial composition of the tumor of patients in the main group can be considered more favorable than the control group. Similar differences were noted in non-t umor intestinal tissue, in which the content of Enterobacter spp, Streptococcus, Clostridiae, Peptostreptococci was statistically significantly lower than in the control group.Conclusion. Thus oral administration of colostrum antibodies caused positive changes in tumor and colon tissue microbiota. We suggest the application of lactoglobulin to be useful for surgical treatment of such patients taking into account the possible impact of microbiota in patients’ response to chemo- and immunotherapy.

The aim of our study is to assess the local cytokine levels as prognostic factors for early relapse in NMIBC patients. 75 patients with NMIBC were enrolled in the study: 51 with primary NMIBC and 24 with initially recurrent NMIBC, LG and HG tumors were diagnosed in each group. Patients with primary NMIBC were monitored during 9 months after treatment: TURB and chemotherapy (No. 6). During TURB samples of tumors were taken, supernatants were obtained and tissue cytokine levels were measured (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, TNFα, IFNγ, IL-8) by ELISA test. The results showed that in patients with primary NMIBC early relapses were diagnosed in 15 (46.8%) of LG tumors and in 11 (45%) of HG tumors matching that there was no difference depending upon tumor grade. In initially recurrent tumors of both LG and HG NMIBC the amounts of cytokines were maximal: in LG tumors they exceeded the primary ones from 7.1 (IFNγ) to 300 (IL-6) while in HG - from 2.0 (IL-10) to 9.7 (IL-6). The amounts of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IFNγ, IL-8 were higher in those LG primary tumors which relapsed in 6-9 months compared to the ones which didn't, though their levels were much lower than in initially manifested relapse (from 2.6 times for IFNy to 150 times for IL-6). A similar trend, though not for all the same cytokines, was observed in HG tumors: tissue levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-18 and TNFα were higher in tumors which relapsed in 6-9 months after treatment. The increase of 2 cytokines' levels were common for both LG and HG tumors (IL-6 and IL-10). This finding might be considered as a new prognostic factor of the early relapse. We conclude that relapse of LG and HG NMIBC is related to some immune mechanisms, namely to local hyperproduction of cytokines, especially IL-6 and IL-10, though IL-1β, IL-8, IFNγ could have an impact on LG and IL-18, TNFα — on HG tumors. Taking into account common signaling pathways of IL-6 and IL-10 like JAK/STAT, these transcription factors might be potential targets for new effective approaches to treatment.

Purpose of the study. Determine the content of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the tumor tissue (TT) and perifocal tissues (PT) in muscle-non-invasive bladder cancer.Materials and methods. We’ve examined fragments of TT and PT of 7 muscle-non-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after surgical intervention – transurethral resection of the urinary bladder (TUR). In tissue samples that were used to obtain cell suspension of TT and PT using the BD Medimachine apparatus (BD, USA) was treated with monoclonal antibodies CD45-APCCy7, CD44-FITC, CD133-РЕ, CD24-PE (BD, USA) and were assessed on flow cytometer FacsCantoII (BD, USA). The percentage of cells with CSC phenotypic markers was determined in the analysis sample: CD45-CD44+CD24+, CD45-CD44+, CD45-CD24+, CD45-CD133+, CD45-CD44+CD133+. The presence of significant differences in the groups was evaluated using the STATISTICA 13 software package and the differences between the samples were considered significant at p < 0.05. The percentage of cells of the corresponding phenotype was calculated relative to the total number of cells. The percentage of cells with the corresponding phenotype was calculated relative to the total number of cells.Results. The relative numbers of cells with CSC phenotypic markers, such as CD24, CD44, were 77 % and 58 % higher in TT than in PT: 18.3 ± 3.5 vs. 4.3 ± 2.1, p ≤ 0.044 and 15.5 ± 5.3 vs. 6.5 ± 0.8, p ≤ 0.043, respectively. The number of CD133+ cells was 83 % higher in PT compared to TT – 41.6 ± 12.1 vs. 22.7 ± 7.6, p ≤ 0.047.Conclusion. The study of CSCs is a promising direction for the study of oncogenesis and can be used to assess the nature of the further development of relapse and / or progression of the disease, as well as various therapeutic approaches that are aimed at eliminating with CSC phenotypic markers and blocking the pathways leading to the emergence and maintenance of this cell population in patients with NMIBC.

Background. Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death due to advanced disease. A special role in the pathogenesis and metastasis of the tumor is assigned to tumor stem cells (TSC ), responsible for resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and causing tumor progression.Objective: to determine the CD 44 and CD 133 markers of TSC in tumor tissues of non-metastatic and metastatic gastric cancer using the immunohistochemical method.Material and Methods. A prospective study of tumors in patients with gastric cancer was conducted: Group 1 – 20 people with T3–4aN0–3M0G2 tumor, average age 58.9 ± 9.7; Group 2 – 20 people with T3–4aN0–3M1G2 tumor, with metastases in the peritoneum, average age 53.4 ± 11.9. The expression of CD 44 and CD 133 in the tumor tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry.Results. Differences were found in the number of tumor cells expressing the CD 44 marker in the presence and absence of metastases in patients with gastric cancer – their number was 10.0 ± 3.08 and 6.0 ± 2.3, respectively. The CD 133 molecule was detected in 100 % of cases having metastases, while in cases having no metastases, the marker was detected only in 80 % of cases. The average percentage of CD 133 + cells was 21.3 ± 11.6 % in patients with metastatic gastric cancer and 10.0 ± 2.4 % in patients having no metastases.Conclusion. The degree of expression of the CD 44 and CD 133 markers had characteristic differences in patients with gastric cancer, which can be used further to explain the results of the treatment and the prognosis of the disease.

Purpose of the study. Evaluation of the expression of E- and N-cadherins in tumor tissues in postmenopausal patients with primary operable luminal breast cancer (BC) without Her2/neu overexpression for inclusion in the panel of a comprehensive assessment of tumor biological parameters for the disease prognosis.Patients and methods. The study included 120 patients divided into two groups: patients with luminal A and luminal B subtypes. To evaluate the prognostic significance of E- and N- cadherins in both groups of patients, we analyzed expression levels and correlation using the Mann- Whitney U-test and Spearman correlation criterion; overall survival, progression-free and tumor- specific one, at various values of the studied biomarkers — by the Kaplan- Meier method.Results. The differences in the mean expression levels were not statistically significant (p>0,05). E-cadherin was twice higher in luminal A BC (55.4±5.2) compared to luminal B BC (28.1±4.9), N-cadherin in luminal A BC (12.8±5.3) was 1.3 times lower than in luminal B BC (17.06±5.4). Patients with luminal B BC demonstrated a tendency to the loss of E-cadherin and increased expression of N-cadherin, which is often associated with poor prognosis. However, the correlation between these markers was not statistically significant (p>0,05).Conclusions. Thus, despite the differences in levels of E- and N-cadherin expression, these markers did not show their prognostic significance, and therefore, they were not included in the panel for a comprehensive assessment of tumor biological parameters when determining the prognosis of luminal breast cancer without Her2/neu overexpression in postmenopausal women.

Objectives: immunohistochemical study of the expression of molecular and biological markers (p53, bcl-2 and ki-67) in esophageal tumors of various stages and grades, and evaluation of the markers in the disease prognosis. Material and methods: the study included 30 patients of a retrospective group with stage II-III squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Immunohistochemical study of paraffi n sections was performed using primary mouse monoclonal antibodies against p53, bcl-2 and ki67, and Reveal Polyvalent HRP-DAB Detection System. Results: diff erences in the rates and expression of molecular and biological markers (p53, bcl-2 and ki-67), controlling apoptosis and proliferation, depended on the tumor stage and grade. Conclusions: fdvanced cancer of the esophagus demonstrated an increase in rates and expression of p53+ and ki-67, as well as in the proliferative activity of tumor cells. Bcl-2 expression was more frequent and intensive in stage II tumors, compared to stage III. Esophageal tumors of higher grades were characterized with higher rates and expression of p53 and ki-67, and conversely for the bcl-2 expression. Th e revealed diff erences can be used in the disease prognosis.