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1. The quasi-optical design of the QUaD telescope

Author

James J. Bock, K. Ganga, J. Harris, J. Hinderks, N. Rajguru, Lucio Piccirillo, Sarah E. Church, R. B. Friedman, Thomas Culverhouse, Walter Kieran Gear, Michael L. Brown, Simon J. Melhuish, John E. Carlstrom, Créidhe O'Sullivan, O. E. Mallie, Andy Taylor, Peter A. R. Ade, K. L. Thompson, Andrew E. Lange, C. Pryke, Ben Rusholme, P. G. Castro, J. Kovak, E. M. Leitch, G. Cahill, M. Bowden, E. Y. S. Wu, Giampaolo Pisano, Vic Haynes, Angiola Orlando, Michael Zemcov, R. Schwarz, J. A. Murphy, APC - Cosmologie, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), QUaD, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Diffraction, Background radiations, microwave, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Cosmic microwave background, Optical system design, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], 010309 optics, Telescope, Optics, Gaussian beam modes, law, 0103 physical sciences, components and accessories, Quasioptics, Feedhorn design, Optical design, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], business.industry, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cassegrain reflector, Optical polarization, Condensed Matter Physics, Radio, Antennas: theory, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, business, Gaussian beam
Abstract

QUaD is a ground-based high-resolution (up to l ≈ 2500) instrument designed to map the polarisation of the Cosmic Microwave Background and to measure its E-mode and B-mode polarisation power spectra. QUaD comprises a bolometric array receiver (100 and 150 GHz) and re-imaging optics on a 2.6-m Cassegrain telescope 2. It will operate for two years and begin observations in 2005. CMB polarisation measurements will require not only a significant increase in sensitivity over earlier experiments but also a better understanding and control of systematic effects particularly those that contribute to the polarised signal. To this end we have undertaken a comprehensive quasi-optical analysis of the QUaD telescope. In particular we have modelled the effects of diffraction on beam propagation through the system. The corrugated feeds that couple radiation from the telescope to phase-sensitive bolometers need to have good beam symmetry and low sidelobe levels over the required bandwidth. It is especially important that the feed horns preserve the polarisation orientation of the incoming fields. We have used an accurate mode-matching model to design such feed horns. In this paper we present the diffraction analysis of the QUaD front-end optics as well as the electromagnetic design and testing of the QUaD corrugated feeds.

Published
2008
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2. QUaD: A High-Resolution Cosmic Microwave Background Polarimeter

Author

Evan N. Kirby, O. E. Mallie, Angiola Orlando, Andrew E. Lange, K. L. Thompson, J. A. Murphy, John M Kovac, J. Hinderks, Walter Kieran Gear, K. Ganga, J. Harris, John E. Carlstrom, Carole Tucker, A. H. Turner, Andy Taylor, Thomas Culverhouse, J. J. Bock, Michael Zemcov, Lucio Piccirillo, Y. Memari, G. Cahill, Victor Haynes, R. Schwarz, E. Y. S. Wu, S. Gupta, R. B. Friedman, Simon J. Melhuish, N. Rajguru, Brian Keating, Peter A. R. Ade, C. Pryke, Créidhe O'Sullivan, E. M. Leitch, Ben Rusholme, P. G. Castro, M. Bowden, Michael L. Brown, Sarah E. Church, APC - Cosmologie, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), QUaD, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), and Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
cosmic microwave background, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, polarimeters [instrumentation], Radio spectrum, law.invention, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Pixel, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Bolometer, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cassegrain reflector, instrumentation: polarimeters, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Polarimeter, Polarization (waves), Cardinal point, Space and Planetary Science, business
Abstract

We describe the QUaD experiment, a millimeter-wavelength polarimeter designed to observe the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) from a site at the South Pole. The experiment comprises a 2.64 m Cassegrain telescope equipped with a cryogenically cooled receiver containing an array of 62 polarization-sensitive bolometers. The focal plane contains pixels at two different frequency bands, 100 GHz and 150 GHz, with angular resolutions of 5 arcmin and 3.5 arcmin, respectively. The high angular resolution allows observation of CMB temperature and polarization anisotropies over a wide range of scales. The instrument commenced operation in early 2005 and collected science data during three successive Austral winter seasons of observation., Comment: 23 pages, author list and text updated to reflect published version

Published
2009
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3. WITHDRAWN: The Quasi-Optical Design of the QUaD Telescope

Author

O. E. Mallie, K. Ganga, J. J. Bock, K. L. Thompson, R. Schwarz, M. Bowden, Giampaolo Pisano, Lucio Piccirillo, J. Hinderks, J. Kovak, Créidhe O'Sullivan, Sarah E. Church, E. M. Leitch, E. Y. S. Wu, Walter Kieran Gear, P. A. R. Ade, Michael L. Brown, N. Rajguru, R. B. Friedman, Vic Haynes, J. Harris, C. Pryke, Ben Rusholme, J. A. Murphy, G. Cahill, P. G. Castro, Andy Taylor, Angiola Orlando, Andrew E. Lange, Michael Zemcov, John E. Carlstrom, Thomas Culverhouse, and Simon J. Melhuish

Subjects
Physics, Telescope, Optics, business.industry, law, Condensed Matter Physics, business, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention
Published
2007
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4. The quasi-optical design of the QUaD Telescope

Author

Walter Kieran Gear, Lucio Piccirillo, Ben Rusholme, Andrew E. Lange, John M Kovac, Angiola Orlando, M. Bowden, John E. Carlstrom, Simon J. Melhuish, James J. Bock, J. Hinderks, Peter A. R. Ade, John Harris, Wayne Hu, G. Cahill, Créidhe O'Sullivan, W. Lanigan, Emily Gleeson, J. Anthony Murphy, C. Pryke, E. M. Leitch, Keith L. Thompson, Michael Zemcov, Andy Taylor, Bruno Maffei, Ken Ganga, O. E. Mallie, Sarah E. Church, Giampaolo Pisano, Zmuidzinas, Jonas, Holland, Wayne S., and Withington, Stafford

Subjects
Physics, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Optical design, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, law.invention, Telescope, Gaussian beam modes, Quasi-optics, law, Feed horn design
Abstract

QUaD is a ground-based high-resolution (up to l ≈ 2500) instrument designed to map the polarisation of the Cosmic Microwave Background and to measure its E-mode and B-mode polarisation power spectra. QUaD comprises a bolometric array receiver (100 and 150 GHz) and re-imaging optics on a 2.6-m Cassegrain telescope 2. It will operate for two years and begin observations in 2005. CMB polarisation measurements will require not only a significant increase in sensitivity over earlier experiments but also a better understanding and control of systematic effects particularly those that contribute to the polarised signal. To this end we have undertaken a comprehensive quasi-optical analysis of the QUaD telescope. In particular we have modelled the effects of diffraction on beam propagation through the system. The corrugated feeds that couple radiation from the telescope to phase-sensitive bolometers need to have good beam symmetry and low sidelobe levels over the required bandwidth. It is especially important that the feed horns preserve the polarisation orientation of the incoming fields. We have used an accurate mode-matching model to design such feed horns. In this paper we present the diffraction analysis of the QUaD front-end optics as well as the electromagnetic design and testing of the QUaD corrugated feeds.

Published
2004
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5. Measuring the cosmic microwave background polarization with the QUaD experiment

Author

O. E. Mallie, Erik M. Leitch, Bruno Maffei, Simon J. Melhuish, G. Cahill, C. Pryke, Michael Zemcov, Ben Rusholme, John M Kovac, Lucio Piccirillo, Walter Kieran Gear, Peter A. R. Ade, John E. Carlstrom, Brian Keating, John Anthony Murphy, J. Hinderks, Andrew E. Lange, Giampaolo Pisano, M. Bowden, Créidhe O'Sullivan, Ken Ganga, Sarah E. Church, Wayne Hu, Keith L. Thompson, James J. Bock, Andy Taylor, and Oschmann, Jacobus M.

Subjects
Sub-mm telescope, Physics, Polarization, Cosmic microwave background, Polarimetry, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), Cosmology, Computational physics
Abstract

We look at anticipated science results achievable with QUaD, a ground-based experiment to measure the polarization of the CMB from the South Pole, and describe the features that will enable it to measure this weak polarized signal. We show that QUaD can make a high resolution measurement of the polarization signals on small angular scales. This will lead to tighter constraints on the key cosmological parameters and could also put new limits on the inflationary model.

Published
2004
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6. QUEST on DASI: a South Pole CMB polarization experiment

Author

Simon J. Melhuish, John M Kovac, Lucio Piccirillo, Anthony Murphy, Ken Ganga, Sarah E. Church, M. Bowden, Andrew E. Lange, O. E. Mallie, Walter Kieran Gear, Keith L. Thompson, E. M. Leitch, James J. Bock, Andy Taylor, Wayne Hu, Brian Keating, Ben Rusholme, C. Pryke, Créidhe O'Sullivan, J. Hinderks, Peter A. R. Ade, and John E. Carlstrom

Subjects
Physics, Experimental Physics, business.industry, Gravitational wave, Bolometer, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cassegrain reflector, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), Waveplate, law.invention, Experimental physics, Optics, Space and Planetary Science, law, Achromatic lens, business
Abstract

QUEST on DASI is a ground-based, high-sensitivity, high-resolution (Lmax ͠ 2500) experiment designed to map CMB polarization at 100 and 150 GHz and to measure the power spectra from E-modes, B-modes from lensing of the CMB, and B-modes from primordial gravitational waves. The experiment comprises a 2.6 m Cassegrain optical system, equipped with an array of 62 polarization-sensitive bolometers (PSBs), located at the South Pole. The instrument is designed to minimize systematic effects; features include differencing of pairs of orthogonal PSBs within a single feed, a rotatable achromatic waveplate, and axisymmetric rotatable optics. In addition the South Pole location allows both repeatable and highly controlled observations. QUEST on DASI will commence operation in early 2005.

Published
2003

7. QUEST—A 2.6-m mm-wave telescope for CMB polarization studies

Author

Bruno Maffei, G. Pisano, M. Bowden, Sarah E. Church, Brian Keating, J. Hinderks, Andrew E. Lange, Walter Kieran Gear, Angela C. Taylor, Ben Rusholme, K. L. Thompson, Lucio Piccirillo, O. E. Mallie, K. Ganga, J. A. Murphy, J. J. Bock, Peter A. R. Ade, S. Melhuish, Cortiglioni, Stefano, Cecchini, Stefano, Sault, Robert, and Sbarra, Carla

Subjects
Background radiations, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic microwave background, Radio microwave, Cosmic background radiation, cosmic background radiation, submillimetre waves, polarisation, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Background radiations, Radiation mechanisms, polarization, Radio telescopes and instrumentation, heterodyne receivers, Photometric polarimetric and spectroscopic instrumentation, Radio microwave, radiofrequency cosmic radiation, cosmic background radiation, submillimetre waves, blackbody radiation, radiotelescopes, aerospace instrumentation, performance evaluation, polarisation, radioastronomy, heterodyne receivers, law.invention, Telescope, Radio telescopes and instrumentation, law, Radiation mechanisms, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Black-body radiation, aerospace instrumentation, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, radioastronomy, radiofrequency cosmic radiation, Physics, polarization, Photometric polarimetric and spectroscopic instrumentation, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Polarimeter, Polarization (waves), blackbody radiation, performance evaluation, Wavelength, radiotelescopes, Millimeter
Abstract

We describe QUEST (Q and U Extra—galactic Sub—mm Telescope), a CMB polarimeter, operating at millimetre wavelengths. Interesting features of its design are outlined.

Published
2002

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