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271 results on '"O. Dammann"'

1. First observations of sea ice flexural–gravity waves with ground-based radar interferometry in Utqiaġvik, Alaska

Author

D. O. Dammann, M. A. Johnson, A. R. Mahoney, and E. R. Fedders

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

We investigate the application of ground-based radar interferometry for measuring flexural–gravity waves in sea ice. We deployed a GAMMA Portable Radar Interferometer (GPRI) on top of a grounded iceberg surrounded by landfast sea ice near Utqiaġvik, Alaska. The GPRI collected 238 acquisitions in stare mode during a period of moderate lateral ice motion during 23–24 April 2021. Individual 30 s interferograms exhibit ∼ 20–50 s periodic motion indicative of propagating infragravity waves with ∼ 1 mm amplitudes. Results include examples of onshore wave propagation at the speed predicted by the water depth and a possible edge wave along an ice discontinuity. Findings are supported through comparison with on-ice Ice Wave Rider (IWR) accelerometers and modeled wave propagation. These results suggest that the GPRI can be a valuable tool to track wave propagation through sea ice and possibly detect changes in such properties across variable ice conditions.

Published
2023
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2. Iceberg topography and volume classification using TanDEM-X interferometry

Author

D. O. Dammann, L. E. B. Eriksson, S. V. Nghiem, E. C. Pettit, N. T. Kurtz, J. G. Sonntag, T. E. Busche, F. J. Meyer, and A. R. Mahoney

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Icebergs in polar regions affect water salinity, alter marine habitats, and impose serious hazards on maritime operations and navigation. These impacts mainly depend on the iceberg volume, which remains an elusive parameter to measure. We investigate the capability of TanDEM-X bistatic single-pass synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) to derive iceberg subaerial morphology and infer total volume. We cross-verify InSAR results with Operation IceBridge (OIB) data acquired near Wordie Bay, Antarctica, as part of the OIB/TanDEM-X Antarctic Science Campaign (OTASC). While icebergs are typically classified according to size based on length or maximum height, we develop a new volumetric classification approach for applications where iceberg volume is relevant. For icebergs with heights exceeding 5 m, we find iceberg volumes derived from TanDEM-X and OIB data match within 7 %. We also derive a range of possible iceberg keel depths relevant to grounding and potential impacts on subsea installations. These results suggest that TanDEM-X could pave the way for future single-pass interferometric systems for scientific and operational iceberg mapping and classification based on iceberg volume and keel depth.

Published
2019
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3. Instantaneous sea ice drift speed from TanDEM-X interferometry

Author

D. O. Dammann, L. E. B. Eriksson, J. M. Jones, A. R. Mahoney, R. Romeiser, F. J. Meyer, H. Eicken, and Y. Fukamachi

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

The drift of sea ice is an important geophysical process with widespread implications for the ocean energy budget and ecosystems. Drifting sea ice can also threaten marine operations and present a hazard for ocean vessels and installations. Here, we evaluate single-pass along-track synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry (S-ATI) as a tool to assess ice drift while discussing possible applications and inherent limitations. Initial validation shows that TanDEM-X phase-derived drift speed corresponds well with drift products from a ground-based radar at Utqiaġvik, Alaska. Joint analysis of TanDEM-X and Sentinel-1 data covering the Fram Strait demonstrates that S-ATI can help quantify the opening/closing rate of leads with possible applications for navigation. S-ATI enables an instantaneous assessment of ice drift and dynamic processes that are otherwise difficult to observe. For instance, by evaluating sea ice drift through the Vilkitsky Strait, Russia, we identified short-lived transient convergence patterns. We conclude that S-ATI enables the identification and analysis of potentially important dynamic processes (e.g., drift, rafting, and ridging). However, current limitations of S-ATI are significant (e.g., data availability and they presently only provide the cross-track vector component of the ice drift field) but may be significantly reduced with future SAR systems.

Published
2019
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4. Mapping pan-Arctic landfast sea ice stability using Sentinel-1 interferometry

Author

D. O. Dammann, L. E. B. Eriksson, A. R. Mahoney, H. Eicken, and F. J. Meyer

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Arctic landfast sea ice has undergone substantial changes in recent decades, affecting ice stability and including potential impacts on ice travel by coastal populations and on industry ice roads. We present a novel approach for evaluating landfast sea ice stability on a pan-Arctic scale using Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR). Using Sentinel-1 images from spring 2017, we discriminate between bottomfast, stabilized, and nonstabilized landfast ice over the main marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean (Beaufort, Chukchi, East Siberian, Laptev, and Kara seas). This approach draws on the evaluation of relative changes in interferometric fringe patterns. This first comprehensive assessment of Arctic bottomfast sea ice extent has revealed that most of the bottomfast sea ice is situated around river mouths and coastal shallows. The Laptev and East Siberian seas dominate the aerial extent, covering roughly 4100 and 5100 km2, respectively. These seas also contain the largest extent of stabilized and nonstabilized landfast ice, but are subject to the largest uncertainties surrounding the mapping scheme. Even so, we demonstrate the potential for using InSAR for assessing the stability of landfast ice in several key regions around the Arctic, providing a new understanding of how stability may vary between regions. InSAR-derived stability may serve for strategic planning and tactical decision support for different uses of coastal ice. In a case study of the Nares Strait, we demonstrate that interferograms may reveal early-warning signals for the breakup of stationary sea ice.

Published
2019
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5. Observing Wind-Forced Flexural-Gravity Waves in the Beaufort Sea and Their Relationship to Sea Ice Mechanics

Author

Mark A. Johnson, Aleksey V. Marchenko, Dyre O. Dammann, and Andrew R. Mahoney

Subjects
sea ice, flexural-gravity waves, inertial motion units, Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering, VM1-989, Oceanography, GC1-1581
Abstract

We developed and deployed two inertial measurement units on mobile pack ice during a U.S. Navy drifting ice campaign in the Beaufort Sea. The ice camp was more than 1000 km from the nearest open water. The sensors were stationed on thick (>1 m) first- and multi–year ice to record 3-D accelerations at 10 Hz for one week during March 2020. During this time, gale-force winds exceeded 21 m per second for several hours during two separate wind events and reached a maximum of 25 m per second. Our observations show similar sets of wave bands were excited during both wind events. One band was centered on a period of ~14 s. Another band arrived several hours later and was centered on ~3.5-s. We find that the observed wave bands match a model dispersion curve for flexural gravity waves in ~1.2-m ice with a Young’s modulus of 3.5 GPa under compressive stresses of ~0.3 MPa. We further evaluate the bending stress and load cycles of the individual wave bands and their potential role in break-up of sea ice. This work demonstrates how observations of waves in sea ice using these and similar sensors can potentially be a valuable field-based tool for evaluating ice mechanics. In particular, this approach can be used to observe and describe the combined mechanical behavior of consolidated floes relevant for understanding sea ice mechanical processes and model development.

Published
2021
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6. Mapping Arctic Bottomfast Sea Ice Using SAR Interferometry

Author

Dyre O. Dammann, Leif E. B. Eriksson, Andrew R. Mahoney, Christopher W. Stevens, Joost van der Sanden, Hajo Eicken, Franz J. Meyer, and Craig E. Tweedie

Subjects
sea ice, sea ice deformation, bottomfast ice, landfast sea ice, Arctic, synthetic aperture radar, InSAR, Science
Abstract

Bottomfast sea ice is an integral part of many near-coastal Arctic ecosystems with implications for subsea permafrost, coastal stability and morphology. Bottomfast sea ice is also of great relevance to over-ice travel by coastal communities, industrial ice roads, and marine habitats. There are currently large uncertainties around where and how much bottomfast ice is present in the Arctic due to the lack of effective approaches for detecting bottomfast sea ice on large spatial scales. Here, we suggest a robust method capable of detecting bottomfast sea ice using spaceborne synthetic aperture radar interferometry. This approach is used to discriminate between slowly deforming floating ice and completely stationary bottomfast ice based on the interferometric phase. We validate the approach over freshwater ice in the Mackenzie Delta, Canada, and over sea ice in the Colville Delta and Elson Lagoon, Alaska. For these areas, bottomfast ice, as interpreted from the interferometric phase, shows high correlation with local bathymetry and in-situ ice auger and ground penetrating radar measurements. The technique is further used to track the seasonal evolution of bottomfast ice in the Kasegaluk Lagoon, Alaska, by identifying freeze-up progression and areas of liquid water throughout winter.

Published
2018
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7. Comparison of the Coupled Model for Oil spill Prediction (CMOP) and the Oil Spill Contingency and Response model (OSCAR) during the DeepSpill field experiment

Author

Fernando Túlio Camilo Barreto, Luciana de Freitas Tessarolo, Luís Marton, Jørgen Skancke, Intissar Keghouche, Dyre O. Dammann, Valdir Innocentini, and Nina Winther-Kaland

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Strategic planning, Flexibility (engineering), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Response model, Petroleum engineering, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Field experiment, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Work (electrical), Oil spill, Trajectory, Environmental science, Contingency, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

An oil spill model is an important tool for environmental risk assessment, strategic planning, and tactical decision making in the event of an oil spill. However, limited data exist to evaluate such models and their performance. During the DeepSpill field campaign, a unique dataset was acquired by monitoring a deliberate deep-water oil blowout. In this work, we evaluate and compare two oil spill models – the Coupled Model for Oil spill Prediction (CMOP) and the Oil Spill Contingency and Response model (OSCAR) against the DeepSpill experiment. We find that the general plume trajectory is captured well with a default model setup for both models. However, to accurately model the surface slick development, it was necessary to alter modeling parameters and incorporate model changes to increase scenario flexibility. Through this work, we build further confidence in the two models and provide suggestions for improvements.

Published
2021
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8. Instantaneous sea ice drift speed from TanDEM-X interferometry

Author

D. O. Dammann, L. E. B. Eriksson, J. M. Jones, A. R. Mahoney, R. Romeiser, F. J. Meyer, H. Eicken, and Y. Fukamachi

Subjects
Synthetic aperture radar, Drift velocity, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Marine energy, Sea ice, Radar, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, lcsh:GE1-350, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Geodesy, Current (stream), lcsh:Geology, Interferometry, Transient (oscillation), Geology
Abstract

The drift of sea ice is an important geophysical process with widespread implications for the ocean energy budget and ecosystems. Drifting sea ice can also threaten marine operations and present a hazard for ocean vessels and installations. Here, we evaluate single-pass along-track synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry (S-ATI) as a tool to assess ice drift while discussing possible applications and inherent limitations. Initial validation shows that TanDEM-X phase-derived drift speed corresponds well with drift products from a ground-based radar at Utqiaġvik, Alaska. Joint analysis of TanDEM-X and Sentinel-1 data covering the Fram Strait demonstrates that S-ATI can help quantify the opening/closing rate of leads with possible applications for navigation. S-ATI enables an instantaneous assessment of ice drift and dynamic processes that are otherwise difficult to observe. For instance, by evaluating sea ice drift through the Vilkitsky Strait, Russia, we identified short-lived transient convergence patterns. We conclude that S-ATI enables the identification and analysis of potentially important dynamic processes (e.g., drift, rafting, and ridging). However, current limitations of S-ATI are significant (e.g., data availability and they presently only provide the cross-track vector component of the ice drift field) but may be significantly reduced with future SAR systems.

Published
2018

10. Pregnancy Disorders That Lead to Delivery Before the 28th Week of Gestation: An Epidemiologic Approach to Classification

Author

T F, McElrath, J L, Hecht, O, Dammann, K, Boggess, A, Onderdonk, G, Markenson, M, Harper, E, Delpapa, E N, Allred, A, Leviton, and Robert, Lorenz

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Intrauterine growth restriction, Preeclampsia, Obstetric Labor, Premature, Pregnancy, Humans, Medicine, Gynecology, Placental abruption, business.industry, Obstetrics, Smoking, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Low Birth Weight, medicine.disease, United States, Pregnancy Complications, Premature birth, Gestation, Female, Incompetent cervix, business, Premature rupture of membranes
Abstract

Epidemiologists have grouped the multiple disorders that lead to preterm delivery before the 28th week of gestation in a variety of ways. The authors sought to identify characteristics that would help guide how to classify disorders that lead to such preterm delivery. They enrolled 1,006 women who delivered a liveborn singleton infant of less than 28 weeks' gestation at 14 centers in the United States between 2002 and 2004. Each delivery was classified by presentation: preterm labor (40%), prelabor premature rupture of membranes (23%), preeclampsia (18%), placental abruption (11%), cervical incompetence (5%), and fetal indication/intrauterine growth restriction (3%). Using factor analysis (eigenvalue = 1.73) to compare characteristics identified by standardized interview, chart review, placental histology, and placental microbiology among the presentation groups, the authors found 2 broad patterns. One pattern, characterized by histologic chorioamnionitis and placental microbe recovery, was associated with preterm labor, prelabor premature rupture of membranes, placental abruption, and cervical insufficiency. The other, characterized by a paucity of organisms and inflammation but the presence of histologic features of dysfunctional placentation, was associated with preeclampsia and fetal indication/intrauterine growth restriction. Disorders leading to preterm delivery may be separated into two groups: those associated with intrauterine inflammation and those associated with aberrations of placentation.

Published
2008
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11. Intrauterine Infektion und das Gehirn Frühgeborener - Dimensionen der Ätiologieforschung

Author

O. Dammann

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Obstetrics, Inflammatory response, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brain damage, Viral infection, Maternity and Midwifery, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Etiology, Medicine, Term delivery, medicine.symptom, business, Intrauterine infection
Abstract

Perinatal brain damage has a diverse and complex aetiology. Over the past decades, much progress has been made in this research field. In this article, I offer a discussion of seven dimensions of aetiological perinatal brain damage research: (1) hypoxia-ischaemia vs. inflammation; (2) "classic" vs. "remote" intrauterine infection; (3) focal vs. diffuse white matter damage; (4) maternal vs. foetal inflammatory response; (5) clinical vs. experimental data; (6) bacterial vs. viral infection; and (7) preterm vs. term delivery. Despite these complexities, it is hoped that obstetricians, neonatologists, and neuropaediatricians will agree on a perinatal neuroprotective strategy in the near future.

Published
2006
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12. Possible strategies to protect the preterm brain against the fetal inflammatory response

Author

O, Dammann and A, Leviton

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Inflammatory response, Psychological intervention, Infant, Premature, Diseases, Antibodies, Developmental Neuroscience, medicine, Humans, Infant, Very Low Birth Weight, Receptors, Cytokine, Intensive care medicine, Inflammation, Fetus, business.industry, Intervention design, Infant, Newborn, Brain, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, Infant newborn, Fetal Diseases, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9, Blood-Brain Barrier, Infant, Small for Gestational Age, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Cytokines, Observational study, Neurology (clinical), business
Abstract

SUMMARY The accruing evidence that a fetal inflammatory response is the link between antenatal infection and white matter damage in the preterm newborn infant offers room for speculation how this harmful sequence could be interrupted. Enhancement of endogenous protection, response modification, and damage limitation downstream could be helpful strategies for intervention design. Appropriate observational and experimental studies are needed before clinical interventions can be initiated.

Published
2008
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13. Low birth weight in Germany 1990–92

Author

H. H. Hellwege, B. Sommer, and O. Dammann

Subjects
Adult, education.field_of_study, Epidemiology, business.industry, Population Dynamics, Population, Germany, West, Infant, Newborn, Federal republic of germany, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Vital Statistics, Low birth weight, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Psychosocial stress, Humans, Infant, Very Low Birth Weight, Medicine, Female, Germany, East, Social Change, medicine.symptom, business, education, Demography
Abstract

Summary. The reunification in 1990 of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) produced profound social transformations. Changes in the distribution of low birth-weight (LBW, < 2500 g) in the two parts of the country between 1990 and 1992 have been studied by analysing vital statistics for the period. In absolute numbers, livebirths in the former FRG remained stable, while those in the former GDR declined by 51%. Numbers of LBW livebirths increased slightly in the former FRG and decreased in the former GDR; those in the category between 500 and 999 g remained stable in the former GDR and increased in the former FRG. However in terms of proportion, livebirths in this category doubled in the former GDR. Migration rates for the same period showed a shifting population from East to West particularly of young people, and maternal age-specific numbers of livebirths decreased in both countries. Psychosocial stress may have contributed to the rise in ELBW, but it is also possible that the improvement and sharing of perinatal management strategies may have led to increased survival of babies < 1000g. Most importantly, the observed rise in the proportion of ELBW births (except those < 500 g) could be a result of the introduction of the more comprehensive definition of livebirth into the former GDR.

Published
1996
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14. Fourth meeting of the European Neurological Society 25–29 June 1994 Barcelona, Spain

Author

H. Hattig, C. Delli Pizzi, M. C. Addonizio, Michelle Davis, A. R. Giovagnoli, L. Florensa, M. Roth, J. de Kruijk, Francisco Lacruz, Ph. Dewailly, A. Toygar, C. Avendano, P.P. De Deyn, J. F. Hurtevent, F. Lomeila, T. W. Wong, Gordon T. Plant, M. Bud, H. J. Willison, DH Miller, D. W. Langdon, R. Cioni, J. Servan, A. Kaygisiz, E. Racadot, D. B. Schens, E. Picciola, L. Falip, C. Bouchard, J. Jotova, A. Jorge-Santamaria, P. Misra, A. Dufour, C. P. Panagopoulos, A. Venneri, B. Sredni, B. Angelard, M. Janelidze, M. Carreno, J. Obenberger, J. Pouget, H. W. Moser, R. Kaufmann, J. A. Molina, D. Linden, A. Martin Urda, E. Uvestad, A. Krone, J. P. Cochin, J. Mallecourt, A. Cambon-Thomsen, K. Violleau, P. Osschmann, A. M. Durocher, E. Bussaglia, D. M. Danielle, H. Efendi, C. Van Broeckhoven, K. G. Jordan, W. Rautenberg, C. Iniguez, J. M. Delgado, Graham Watson, M. Lawden, Gareth J. Barker, K. Stiasny, James T. Becker, G. Campanella, E. Peghi, A. Poli, A. Haddad, T. Yamawaki, Giacomo P. Comi, S. Sotgiu, B. Ersmark, A. Pomes, M. Ziegler, P. Ferrante, P. Ruppi, H. KuÇukoglu, R. Bouton, U. K. Rinne, P. Vieregge, M. Dary, P. Giunti, Peter J. Goadsby, S. Jung, E. Secor, A. Steinberg, N. Vila, M. A. Hernandez, M. Cursi, A. Enqelhardt, A. Engelhardt, J. Veitch, F. Di Silverio, F. Arnaud, B. Neundörfer, R. Brucher, Dominique Caparros-Lefebvre, B. Meyer, Marianne Dieterich, M. H. Snidaro, R. Gomez, R. Cerbo, M. Ragno, J. M. Vance, S. Nemni, A. Caliskan, F. Barros, I. Velcheva, D. Ceballos-Baumann, V. Barak, A. Avila, N. Antonova, F. Resche, S. Pappata, L. Varela, S. R. Silveira Santos, A. Cammarota, L. Naccache, Y. Nara, E. Tournier-Lasserves, R. Mobner, T. Chase, A. Ensenyat, J. Ulrich, G. Giegerich, M. Rother, M. Revilla, N. Nitschke, K. Honczarenko, E. Basart Tarrats, J. Blin, B. Jacob, J. Santamaria, S. Knezevic, J. L. Castillo, M. Antem, J. Colomer, O. Busse, Didier Hannequin, S. Carrier, J. B. Ruidavets, C. Rozman, J. Bogoussslavsky, J. Pascual Calvet, E. Monros, J. M. Polo, M. Zucconl, Javier Muruzabal, R. R. Allen, R. Rivolta, K. Haugaard, A. Nespolo, K. Hoang-Xuang, G. Bussone, T. Avramidis, E. Corsini, Christiana Franke, T. Vinogradova, H. Boot, K. Vestergaard, G. H. Jansen, N. Argentino, M. Raltzig, W. Linssen, Mark B. Pepys, P. Roblot, L. Lauritzen, E. Fainardi, D. Morin, T. X. Arbizu Urdiain, J. Wollenhaupt, S. Bostantjopoulou, G. Pavesi, A. D. Forman, Giovanni Fabbrini, D. Jean, J. J. Archelos, M. I. Blanchs, M. Del Gobbo, Anna Carla Turconi, Ch. Derouesné, Elio Scarpini, A. Visbeck, P. Castejon, J. P. Renou, F. Mounier-Vehier, G. Potagas, Ch. Duyckaerts, A. Filla, R. Schneider, G. Ronen, K. Nagata, J. P. Vedel, A. Henneberg, G. van Melle, C. Baratti, H. Knott, M. C. Prevett, A. Bes, B. Metin, Jos V. Reempts, L. Martorell, Mefkure Eraksoy, H. O. Handwerker, D. S. Younger, O. Oktem, D. Frongillo, C. Soriano-Soriano, L. Niehaus, F. Zipp, A. Tartaro, S Newman, R. H. Browne, P. Davous, R. Sanchez, M. Muros, M. E. Kornhuber, A. Lavarone, M. Mohr, M. R. Garcia, S. Russell, H. Kellar-Wood, M. R. Tola, B. Ostermeyer, Ch. Tzekov, K. Sartor, E. B. Ringelstein, P. P. Gazzaniga, Paul Krack, H. Fidaner, H. Rico, T. Dbaiss, F. Alameda, E. Torchiana, L. Rumbach, I. Charques, J. M. Bogaard, C. D. Frith, L. J. Rappelle, R. Brenner, A. Joutel, K. Fuxe, G. HÄcker, M. J. Blaser, J. Valls-SolÇ, G. Ulm, M. Alberdi, A. Bock, F. W. Bertelsmann, U. Wieshmann, J. Visa, J. R. Lupski, D. D'Amico, L. M. P. Ramos, A. A. Vanderbark, R. Horn, M. Warmuth, Dietmar Kühne, Mark S. Palmer, C. Ehrenheim, E. Canga, S. Viola, O. Scarpino, P. Naldi, R. Almeida, A. A. Raymond, J. Gamez, Stephan Arnold, A. DiGiovanni, J. Dalmau, C. C. Chari, H. F. Beer, J. C. Koetsier, J. Iriarte, E. Yunis, J. Casadevall, E. Le Guern, E. Stenager, S. R. Benbadis, J. M. Warter, F. Burklin, I. Theodorou, L. Johannesen, G. A. Graveland, X. Leclerc, I. Vecchio, L. Ozelius, G. Nicoletti, R. K. Gherardi, E. Esperet, M. L. Delodovici, F. Cattin, F. Paiau, Giorgio Sacilotto, C. A. J. Broere, D. Chavdarov, J. P. Willmer, C. H. Hawkes, Th. Naegele, E. Ellie, E. Dartigues, M. J. Guardiola, S. Hesse, Z. Levic, Marco Rovaris, P. Saugeir-Veber, B. A. Yaqub, H. F. Durwen, R. Larumbe, J. Ballabrina, M. Sendtner, J. Röther, M. Horstink, C. Kluglein, M.P. Montesi, H. Apaydin, J. Montoya, E. Waubant, Ch. Verellen-Dunoulin, A. Nicolai, J. Lopez-Delval, R. Lemon, G. Cantinho, E. Granieri, A. Zeviani, Wolfgang H. Oertel, U. Ficola, V. Di Piero, V. Fragola, K. Sabev, M. V. Guitera, I. Turki, F. Bolgert, P. Ingrand, J. M. Gobernado, L. M. E. Grimaldi, S. Baybas, B. Eymard, Y. Rolland, Y. Robitaille, Ta. Pampols, P. J. Koehler, A. Carroacedo, J. Vilchez, S. Di Vittorio, I. R. Rise, T. Nagy, M. Kuffner, E. Palazzini, A. Ott, J. Pruim, T. X. Arbizu, E. Manetti, C. Cervera, S. Felber, G. Gursoy, J. Scholz, G. A. Buscaino, M. S. Chen, A. Pascual, J. Hazan, J. U. Gajda, J. G. Cea, G. Bottini, G. Damalik, F. Le Doze, G. Bonaldi, J. M. Hew, C. Messina, A. M. Kennedy, J. M. Carney, N. M. F. Murray, M. Parent, M. Koepp, V. Dimova, D. De Leo, K. Jellinger, G. Salemi, S. Mientus, M. L. Hansen, F. Mazzucchelli, J. Vieth, M. Mauri, E. Bartels, L. Johannsen, C. Humphreys, J. Emile, D. N. Landon, E. Kansu, R. Sanchez-Pernaute, Rsj Frackowiak, M. Gonzalez Torres, L. Oller, C. Machedo, J. Kother, M. Billiard, H. Durak, T. Schindler, A. Frank, A. Uncini, A. Sbriccoli, C. Farinas, D. W. Paty, N. Fast, A. T. Zangaladze, A. Kerkhofs, J. M. Pino Garcia, I. De la Fuente, B. Marini, L. Gomez, I. Rubio, Alessandra Bardoni, C. Brodie, P. Acin, U. Sliwka, S. A. Hawkins, S. Tardieu, F. Vitullo, J. M. Pereira Monteino, R. Gagliardi, T. Jezewski, A. Cano, T. Lempert, F. Abad Alegria, G. Rotondo, D. Ince, C. Martinez Parra, Y. Huang, H. Luders, Y. Steinvil, F. G. A. Van Der Meche, R. Bianchi, A. Sanchez, T. Sevilla, J. M. Ketelslegers, A. Domzal-Stryga, M. Pandolfo, M. O. Josse, K. W. Neff, I. Blanco, G. W. Bruyn, O. W. Witte, J. L. Thibault, G. Andersen, J. Pariset, A. Marcone, R. J. M. Lane, A. Hofman, M. Verin, T. Matilla, P. Bedoucha, J. Roche, M. Lai, M. Collard, A. Ugarte, F. Gallecho, D. Silbersweig, C. Kennard, J. P. Azulay, T. W. Ho, P. L. I. Dellemijn, R. Girardello, F. Baas, B. Voss, F. Rozenberg, E. M. Brocker, V. Stanev, A. A. J. Soeterboek, A. Marra, A. Rey, E. Ertem, M. Sawradewicz-Rybak, J. De Keyser, P. Cavallari, F. Proust, Y. Chevalier, H. C. Hansen, D. Leys, C. A. Davie, K. Hoang-Xuan, C. Bairati, H. van Crevel, Thomas T. Warner, B. Bompais, A. Dobbeleir, T Campbell, C. Macko, C. J. M. Klijn, M. Dussallant, T. P. Berlit, W. Rozenbaum, M. J. van den Bent, W. A. Rocca, M. Muller, H. Hundemer, U. Zifko, M. Campera, F. Drislane, D. Ranoux, T. M. Kloss, Anil Kumar, I. Ruolt, C. Bargnani, B. Marescau, N. A. Losseff, S. Notermans, B. Kint, E. T. Burke, C. Aykut, J. Matias Guiu, P. Maquet, T. Drogendijk, M. Leone, K. von Ammon, M. Pepeliarska, C. Prados, L. DiGiamberardino, T. Logtenberg, G. Lenoir, I. Castaldo, Damhaut, M. Radionova, G. Sirabian, R. 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Frigo, Leif Østergaard, J. L. Munoz Blanco, A. Cruz-Matinez, J. De Reuck, C. Theillet, T. Barroso, V. Oikonen, Florence Lebert, M. Kilinc, C. Cordon-Cardon, G. Stoll, E. Thiery, F. Pulcinelli, J. Solski, M. Schmiegelow, L. J. Polman, P. Fernandez-Calle, C. Wikkelso, M. Ben Hamida, M. Laska, E. Kott, W. Sulkowski, C. Lucas, N. M. Bornstein, D. Schmitz, M. W. Lammers, A. de Louw, R. J. S. Wise, P. A. van Darn, C. Antozzi, P. Villanueva, P. H. E. Hilkens, C. Constantin, W. Ricart, A. Wolf, M. Gamba, P. Maguire, Alessandro Padovani, B. M. Patten, Marie Sarazin, H. Ackermann, L. Durelli, S. Timsit, Sebastian Jander, B. W. Scheithauer, G. Demir, J. P. Neau, P. Barbanti, A. Brand, N. AraÇ, V. Fischer-Gagnepain, R. Marchioli, G. Serratrice, C. Maugard-Louboutin, G. T. Spencer, D. Lücke, G. Mainardi, K. Harmant Van Rijckevorsel, G. B. Creel, R. Manzanares, Francesco Fortunato, A. May, J. Workman, K. Johkura, E. Fernandez, Carlo Colosimo, L. Calliauw, L. Bet, Félix F. Cruz-Sánchez, M. Dhib, H. Meinardi, F. Carrara, J. Kuehnen, C. Peiro, H. Lassmann, K. Skovgaard Olsen, A. McDonald, L. Sciulli, A. Cobo, A. Monticelli, B. Conrad, J. Bagunya, J. Benitez, V. Desnizza, B. Dupont, O. Delrieu, D. Moraes, J. J. Heimans, F. Garcia Rio, M. Matsumto, A. Fernandez, R. Nermni, R. Chalmers, M. J. Marchau, F. Aguado, P. Velupillai, P. J. Martin, P. Tassan, V. Demarin, A. Engelien, T. Gerriets, Comar, J. L. Carrasco, J. P. Pruvo, A. Lopez de Munain, D. Pavitt, J. Alarcon, Chris H. Polman, B. Guldin, N. Yeni, Hartmut Brückmann, N. Wilczak, H. Szwed, R. Causaran, G. Kyriazis, M. E. Westarp, M. Gasparini, N. Pecora, J. M. Roda, E. Lang, V. Scaioli, David R. Fish, D. Caputo, O. Gratzl, R. Mercelis, A. Perretti, G. Steimetz, I. Link, C. Rigoletto, A. Catafau, G. Lucotte, M. Buti, G. Fagiolari, A. Piqueras, C. Godinot, J. C. Meurice, Erodriguez J. Dominigo, F. Lionnet, H. Grzelec, David J. Brooks, P. M. G. Munro, F. X. Weilbach, M. Maiwald, W. Split, B. Widjaja-Cramer, V. Ozturk, J. Colas, E. Brizioli, J. Calleja, L. Publio, M. Desi, R. Soffietti, P. Cortinovis-Tourniaire, E. F. Gonano, G. Cavaletti, S. Uselli, K. Westerlind, H. Betuel, C. O. Dhiver, H. Guggenheim, M. Hamon, R. Fazio, P. Lehikoinen, A. Esser, B. Sadzot, G. Fink, Angelo Antonini, D. Bendahan, V. Di Carlo, G. Galardi, A. F. Boller, M. Aksenova, Del Fiore, V. de la Sayette, H. Chabriat, A. Nicoletti, A. Dilouya, M. L. Harpin, E. Rouillet, J. Stam, A. Wolters, M. R. Delgado, Eduardo Tolosa, G. Said, A. J. Lees, L. Rinaldi, A. Schulze-Bonhage, MA Ron, C. Lefebvre, E. W. Radü, R. Alvarez, M. L. Bots, P. Reganati, S. Palazzi, A. Poggi, N. J. Scolding, V. Sazdovitch, T. Moreau, E. Maes, M. A. Estelies, P. Petkova, Jose-Felix Marti-Masso, G De La Meilleure, N. Mullatti, M. Rodegher, N. C. Notermans, T. A. T. Warner, S. Aktan, J. P. Louboutin, L. Volpe, C. Scheidt, W. Aust, C. M. Wiles, U. Schneider, S. K. Braekken, W. R. Willems, K. Usuku, Peter M. Rothwell, C. Talamon, M. L. Sacchetti, A. Codina, M. H. Marion, A. Santoro, J. Roda, A. Bordoni, D. J. Taylor, S. Ertas, H. H. Emmen, J. Vichez, V. BesanÇon, R. E. Passingham, M. L. Malosio, A. Vérier, M. Bamberg, A. W. Hansen, E. Mostacero, G. Gaudriault, Marie Vidailhet, B. Birebent, K. Strijckmans, F. Giannini, T. Kammer, I. Araujo, J. Nowicki, E. Nikolov, A. Hutzelmann, R. Gherardi, J. Verroust, L. Austoni, A. Scheller, A. Vazquez, S. Matheron, H. Holthausen, J. M. Gerard, M. Bataillard, S. Dethy, V. H. Patterson, V. Ivanez, N. P. Hirsch, F. Ozer, M. Sutter, C. Jacomet, M. Mora, Bruno Colombo, A. Sarropoulos, T. H. Papapetropoulos, M. Schwarz, D. S. Dinner, N. Acarin, B. Iandolo, J. O. Riis, P. R. J. Barnes, F. Taroni, J. Kazenwadel, L. Torre, A. Lugaresi, I. L. Henriques, S. Pauli, S. Alfonso, Pedro Quesada, A. S. T. Planting, J. M. Castilla, Thomas Gasser, M. Van der Linden, A. Alfaro, E. Nobile-Orazio, G. Popova, W. Vaalburg, F. G. A. van der Mech, L. Williams, F. Medina, J. P. Vernant, J. Yaouanq, B. Storch-Hagenlocher, A. Potemkowski, R. Riva, M. H. Mahagne, M. Ozturk, Ve. Drory, N. Konic, C. Jungreis, A. Pou Serradell, J. L. Gauvrit, G. J. Chelune, S. Hermandez, T. Dingus, L. Hewer, Ch. Koch, M. N. Metz-Lutz, G. Parlato, M. Sinaki, Charles Pierrot-Deseilligny, H. C. Diener, J. Broeckx, J. Weill-Fulazza, M. L. Villar, M. Rizzo, O. Ganslandt, C. Duran, N. A. Fletcher, G. Di Giovacchino, Susan T. Iannaccone, C. Kolig, N. Fabre, H. A. Crockard, Rita Bella, M. Tazir, E. Papagiannuli, K. Overgaard, Emma Ciafaloni, I. Lorenzetti, F. Viader, P. A. H. Millac, I. Montiel, L. H. Visser, M. Palomar, P. L. Murgia, H. Pedersen, Rafael Blesa, S. Seddigh, W. O. Renier, I. Lemahieu, H. M. L. Jansen, L. Rosin, J. Galofre, K. Mattos, M. Pondal, G. M. Hadjigeorgiou, D. Francis, L. Cantin, D. Stegeman, M. Rango, A. B. M. F. Karim, S. Schraff, B. Castellotti, I. Iriarte, E. Laborde, T. J. Tjan, R. Mutani, D. Toni, B. Bergaasco, J. G. Young, C. Klotzsch, A. Zincone, X. Ducrocq, M. Uchuya, O. J. Kolar, A. Quattrone, T. Bauermann, Nereo Bresolin, J. Vallée, B. C. Jacobs, A. Campos, Werner Poewe, J. A. Villanueva, A. W. Kornhuber, A. Malafosse, E. Diez-Tejedor, G. Jungreia, M. J. A. Puchner, A. Komiyama, O. Saribas, V. Volpini, L. Geremia, S. Bressi, A. Nibbio, Timothy E. Bates, T. z. Tzonev, E. Ideman, G. A. Damlacik, G. Martino, G. Crepaldi, T. Martino, Kjell Någren, E. Idiman, D. Samuel, J. M. Perez Trullen, Y. van der Graaf, J. O. Thorell, M. J. M. Dupuis, E. Sieber, R. D'Alessandro, C. Cazzaniga, J. Faiss, A. Tanguy, A. Schick, I. Hoksergen, A. Cardozo, R. Shakarishvili, G. K. Wennlng, J. L. Marti-Vilalta, J. Weissenbach, I. L. Simone, Amalia C. Bruni, Darius J. Adams, C. Weiller, A. Pietrangeli, F. Croria, C. Vigo-Pelfrey, Patricia Limousin, A. Ducros, G. Conti, O. Lindvall, E. Richter, M. Zuffi, A. Nappo, T. Riise, J. Wijdenes, M. J. Fernandez, J. Rosell, P. Vermersh, S. Servidei, M. S. C. Verdugo, F. Gouttiere, W. Solbach, M. Malbezin, I. S. Watanabe, A. Tumac, W. I. McDonald, D. A. Butterfield, P. P. Costa, F. deRino, F. Bamonti, J. M. Cesar, C. H. Lahoz, I. Mosely, M. Starck, M. H. Lemaitre, K. M. Stephan, S. Tex, R. Bokonjic, I. Mollee, L. Pastena, M. Gutierrez, F. Boiler, M. C. Martinez-Para, M. Velicogna, O. Obuz, A. Grinspan, M. Guarino, L. M. Cartier, E. Ruiz, D. Gambi, S. Messina, M. Villa, Michael G. Hanna, J. Valk, Leone Pascual, M. Clanet, Z. Argov, B. Ryniewicz, E. Magni, B. Berlanga, K. S. Wong, C. Gellera, C. Prevost, F. Gonzalez-Huix, R. Petraroli, J. E. G. Benedikz, I. Kojder, C. Bommelaer, L. Perusse, M. R. Bangioanni, Guy M. McKhann, A. Molina, C. Fresquet, E. Sindern, Florence Pasquier, M. J. Rosas, M. Altieri, O. Simoncini, M. Koutroumanidis, C. A. F. Tulleken, M. Dary-Auriol, S. Oueslati, H. Kruyer, I. Nishisho, C. R. Horning, A. Vital, G. V. Czettritz, J. Ph. Neau, B. Mihout, A. Ameri, M. Francis, S. Quasthoff, D. Taussig, S. Blunt, P. Valentin, C. Y. Gao, O. Heinzlef, H. d'Allens, C. Coudero, M. Erfas, G. Borghero, P. J. Modrego Pardo, M. C. Patrosso, N. L. Gershfeld, P. A. J. M. Boon, O. Sabouraud, M. Lara, J. Svennevig, G. L. Lenzi, A. Barrio, H. Villaroya, JosÇ M. Manubens, O. Boespflug-Tanguy, M. Carreras, D. A. Costiga, J. P. Breux, S. Lynn, C. Oliveras Ley, A. G. Herbaut, J. Nos, C. Tornali, Y. A. Hekster, J. L. Chopard, J. M. Manubens, P. Chemouilli, A. Jovicic, F. Dworzak, S. Smirne, S. E. Soudain, B. Gallano, D. Lubach, G. Masullo, G. Izquierdo, A. Pascual Leone Pascual, A. Sessa, V. Freitas, O. Crambes, L. Ouss, G. W. Van Dijk, P. Marchettini, P. Confalonieri, M. Donaghy, A. Munnich, M. Corbo, and M. E. L. van der Burg

Subjects
Neurology, business.industry, Media studies, Library science, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business
Published
1994
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15. Gelastische Epilepsie und Pubertas praecox bei Hamartom des Hypothalamus

Author

K. H. P. Bentele, J. C. Commentz, O. Dammann, J. M. Valdueza, and L. Christante

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Central precocious puberty, Context (language use), medicine.disease, Epilepsy, Endocrinology, El Niño, Hypothalamic hamartoma, Gelastic seizure, Internal medicine, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine, Hamartoma, Precocious puberty, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Wir berichten von vier Kindern (2 m, 2 f) die sich zwischen 1983 und 1990 wegen gelastischer Anfälle und/oder einer Pubertas praecox in unserer stationären Behandlung befanden. In allen vier Fällen wurde neuroradiologisch eine hirnisodense Tumormasse in der Cisterna interpeduncularis nachgewiesen, die nach Kontrastmittelgabe kein Enhancement aufwies. Da sich bei zwei Kindern medikamentös keine zufriedenstellende Therapie der cerebralen Anfälle erreichen ließ, wurde der Tumor in toto entfernt, so daß sich hier die Verdachtsdiagnose eines hypothalamischen Hamartomes histologisch bestätigen ließ. Postoperativ besserte sich der Zustand der Kinder deutlich. Bei den beiden anderen Kindern sprechen Verlauf der Erkrankung und die Gesamtheit der Befunde ebenfalls für die Diagnose eines Hamartomes; hier liegen bisher keine histologischen Befunde vor. Vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Literatur wird unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Indikation neurochirurgischer Methoden die Therapie einer durch ein hypothalamisches Hamartom bedingten gelastischen Epilepsie bzw. Pubertas praecox diskutiert. Nach unseren Erfahrungen sollte die Operationsindikation sehr eng gestellt werden, es sind unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen jedoch gute Erfolge nach Totalresektion des Hamartomes zu erwarten.

Published
1991
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16. Neurologie des Neugeborenen1

Author

K. Helmke, O. Dammann, and F. J. Schulte

Subjects
Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine, business
Abstract

131 Kinder, die als Neugeborene mit Verdacht auf eine Erkrankung oder zumindest Mitbeteiligung des Zentralnervensystems bei uns auf-genommen und nach einem bestimmten neurologischen Befundbogen untersucht wurden, haben wir bis zu einem Alter von 18 Monaten in ihrer Entwicklung verfolgt. Wir haben zu ermitteln versucht, welche neurologischen Befunde mit groser Sicherheit auf eine schlechte Prognose quo-ad vitam oder Sanationen hinweisen. 1. 40,5% der Kinder waren bei der Nachuntersuchung gesund, 26,7% hatten geringgradige Storungen der motorischen Entwicklung, 32,8% hatten neurologische Residualsyndrome oder waren an ihrer Erkrankung verstorben. 2. Prognostisch besonders ungunstige Erkrankungen der Neugeborenenperiode waren in dieser Reihenfolge zunehmend: Geburtstrauma (abnorme Geburt und Asphyxie), Misbildungen, schwere Erkrankungen von Herz und Lunge, Encephalitiden. 3. Eine sorgfaltige, unter Umstanden mehrfache und speziell auf die Neugeborenenperiode abgestellte neurologische Untersuchung erlaubt schon in den erten Lebenstagen schwer und dauerhaft geschadigte Kinder zu erkennen. 4. Alle Neugeborenen ohne eindeutige neurologische Ausfalle haben sich in unserer Untersuchungsreihe normal entwickelt. 5. Kinder mit bestimmten neurologischen Syndromen oder Syndromkombinationen in der Neugeborenenperiode (Hemisyndrome, Hypertonie und Apathie, Krampfe und Apathie oder Skeletmuskeldystonie) hatten bis auf seltene und noch unsichere Ausnahmen nach 1 bis 2 Jahren eine infantile Cerebralparese.

Published
2007
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17. [Intrauterine infection and the preterm brain: dimensions of aetiology research]

Author

O, Dammann

Subjects
Uterine Diseases, Clinical Trials as Topic, Placenta Diseases, Research, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Diseases, Infections, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Brain Injuries, Humans, Female, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Maternal-Fetal Exchange
Abstract

Perinatal brain damage has a diverse and complex aetiology. Over the past decades, much progress has been made in this research field. In this article, I offer a discussion of seven dimensions of aetiological perinatal brain damage research: (1) hypoxia-ischaemia vs. inflammation; (2) "classic" vs. "remote" intrauterine infection; (3) focal vs. diffuse white matter damage; (4) maternal vs. foetal inflammatory response; (5) clinical vs. experimental data; (6) bacterial vs. viral infection; and (7) preterm vs. term delivery. Despite these complexities, it is hoped that obstetricians, neonatologists, and neuropaediatricians will agree on a perinatal neuroprotective strategy in the near future.

Published
2006

20. Fetal vasculitis in preterm newborns: interrelationships, modifiers, and antecedents

Author

O, Dammann, E N, Allred, A, Leviton, S, Shen-Schwarz, D, Heller, D R, Genest, and M H, Collins

Subjects
Adult, Vasculitis, Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture, Chorioamnionitis, Fetus, Pregnancy, Infant, Newborn, Humans, Female, Gestational Age, Chorion, Infant, Premature, Umbilical Cord
Abstract

Histologic expressions of the fetal inflammatory response predict preterm delivery and neonatal disorders. We examined 1146 placentas in the Developmental Epidemiology Network data set for histologic evidence of membrane inflammation (subchorionitis, chorionitis, and chorioamnionitis) and fetal vasculitis (acute umbilical vasculitis or chorionic vasculitis). Our main findings are that (1) in the presence of membrane inflammation, fetal vasculitis is common, (2) duration of membrane rupture and gestational age appear to modify the risk of fetal vasculitis, (3) this risk modification differs for the different components of fetal vasculitis, i.e. umbilical and chorionic vasculitis, and (4) antecedents can be identified that appear to increase or decrease the risk of fetal vasculitis among births with membrane inflammation. We conclude that fetal vasculitis, the morphologic component of the fetal inflammatory response, might not be a homogeneous entity and deserves further study.

Published
2004

21. Epidemiologie als Instrument in der Sozialpädiatrie

Author

R. von Kries, A. Queißer-Luft, and O. Dammann

Abstract

Epidemiologie beschaftigt sich mit dem Auftreten und den Ursachen von Krankheiten in Bevolkerungen. Untersuchungen zu Ursachen von Krankheiten sind von unmittelbarer klinischer Relevanz, wenn sich hieraus Konzepte zur Pravention dieser Krankheiten ergeben. Fragen der Therapie gehoren nicht zum klassischen Arbeitsfeld der Epidemiologie. Der Patient fur den Epidemiologen ist bei der Analyse moglicher Krankheitsursachen nicht das Individuum, sondern die Population als Summe der Individuen. Wahrend in der klinischen Padiatrie die Frage: „Warum ist das Kind A an der Krankheit B erkrankt?“ von Bedeutung ist, steht in der Epidemiologie die Frage: „Warum ist die Krankheit B bei Kindern z.B. aus der Population X haufiger als bei Kindern aus der Population Y?“ im Zentrum des Interesses.

Published
2003
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23. Intracranial chordoma in a neonate

Author

A. O. Vortmeyer, O. Dammann, E. Neumaier Probst, Konrad Oexle, and B. Bechmann

Subjects
Hypoglossal Nerve, medicine.medical_specialty, Seventh cranial nerve palsy, Brain Neoplasms, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Infant, Newborn, Skull Neoplasm, Subtotal Resection, medicine.disease, Cranial Nerve Diseases, Surgery, Hydrocephalus, Facial Nerve, Abducens Nerve, Recien nacido, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Chordoma, Humans, Medicine, business, Craniotomy, Torticollis
Abstract

We report the first case of a congenital intracranial chordoma. Hydrocephalus, sixth and seventh cranial nerve palsy, and torticollis were observed shortly after birth. The tumour was delineated by sonography, CT scans and MRI and the diagnosis confirmed after subtotal resection at the end of the newborn period.

Published
1992
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24. What explains away the increased risk of histological chorioamnionitis in African-American mothers of very-low-birthweight infants? Developmental Epidemiology Network Investigators

Author

O, Dammann, A, Leviton, and E N, Allred

Subjects
Black or African American, Analysis of Variance, Chorioamnionitis, Alcohol Drinking, Socioeconomic Factors, Pregnancy, Smoking, Infant, Newborn, Odds Ratio, Humans, Infant, Very Low Birth Weight, Female, Delivery, Obstetric
Abstract

We sought explanations for African-American mothers' increased risk of chorioamnionitis by sequentially adjusting for confounder variables both individually and in groups. We searched for a subset of covariates that had the most influence on the chorioamnionitis odds ratio (OR) of these women. The sample consisted of 305 African-American and 520 White mothers who gave birth to a very-low-birthweight (or = 1500 g) infant between 1991 and 1993, whose placenta was examined according to protocol and whose hospital chart was reviewed. Histologically proven chorioamnionitis was present in 43% of the placentas from African-American women and in 27% of those from Whites (crude OR 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.5, 2.8). Singleton status appeared to be the most important effect modifier, with significant crude ORs of 1.5 among singletons and 3.4 among non-singletons. Using logistic regression models in the whole sample and in subgroups, we sought to 'explain away' this increased risk. Indeed, addition of information about confounder variables resulted in considerable reduction in the ORs to 1.1 among singletons and 1.9 among non-singletons. Particularly important among the confounders were singleton birth, Medicaid insurance, duration of ruptured membranes and gestational age. We discuss the possibility that this set of confounding variables conveys, in part, the same information as the variable African-American, and also perhaps information about the availability and/or utilisation of prenatal health care.

Published
2000

25. Maternal infection, fetal inflammatory response, and brain damage in very low birth weight infants. Developmental Epidemiology Network Investigators

Author

A, Leviton, N, Paneth, M L, Reuss, M, Susser, E N, Allred, O, Dammann, K, Kuban, L J, Van Marter, M, Pagano, T, Hegyi, M, Hiatt, U, Sanocka, F, Shahrivar, M, Abiri, D, Disalvo, P, Doubilet, R, Kairam, E, Kazam, M, Kirpekar, D, Rosenfeld, S, Schonfeld, J, Share, M, Collins, D, Genest, and S, Shen-Schwarz

Subjects
Male, Vasculitis, Infant, Newborn, Fetal Diseases, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Multivariate Analysis, Humans, Infant, Very Low Birth Weight, Brain Damage, Chronic, Female, Prospective Studies, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Ultrasonography
Abstract

Echolucent images (EL) of cerebral white matter, seen on cranial ultrasonographic scans of very low birth weight newborns, predict motor and cognitive limitations. We tested the hypothesis that markers of maternal and feto-placental infection were associated with risks of both early (diagnosed at a median age of 7 d) and late (median age = 21 d) EL in a multi-center cohort of 1078 infants1500 x g. Maternal infection was indicated by fever, leukocytosis, and receipt of antibiotic; fetoplacental inflammation was indicated by the presence of fetal vasculitis (i.e. of the placental chorionic plate or the umbilical cord). The effect of membrane inflammation was also assessed. All analyses were performed separately in infants born within 1 h of membrane rupture (n = 537), or after a longer interval (n = 541), to determine whether infection markers have different effects in infants who are unlikely to have experienced ascending amniotic sac infection as a consequence of membrane rupture. Placental membrane inflammation by itself was not associated with risk of EL at any time. The risks of both early and late EL were substantially increased in infants with fetal vasculitis, but the association with early EL was found only in infants bornor =1 after membrane rupture and who had membrane inflammation (adjusted OR not calculable), whereas the association of fetal vasculitis with late EL was seen only in infants born1 h after membrane rupture (OR = 10.8; p = 0.05). Maternal receipt of antibiotic in the 24 h just before delivery was associated with late EL only if delivery occurred1 h after membrane rupture (OR = 6.9; p = 0.01). Indicators of maternal infection and of a fetal inflammatory response are strongly and independently associated with EL, particularly late EL.

Published
1999

26. White matter disorders of prematurity: association with intraventricular hemorrhage and ventriculomegaly. The Developmental Epidemiology Network

Author

K, Kuban, U, Sanocka, A, Leviton, E N, Allred, M, Pagano, O, Dammann, J, Share, D, Rosenfeld, M, Abiri, D, DiSalvo, P, Doubilet, R, Kairam, E, Kazam, M, Kirpekar, and S, Schonfeld

Subjects
Brain Diseases, Leukomalacia, Periventricular, Infant, Newborn, Humans, Gestational Age, Infant, Premature, Diseases, Infant, Premature, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Cerebral Ventricles, Ultrasonography
Abstract

Because intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) often precedes the development of sonographically defined white matter damage (WMD) in very preterm infants, we sought to identify the IVH characteristics that predict WMD.We evaluated variations on the null hypothesis that infants with IVH are no more likely than infants without IVH to have WMD. These variations dealt with characteristics of the IVH (presence or absence of ventriculomegaly) or characteristics of the WMD (size, localization, and laterality).A total of 1605 infants weighing 500 to 1500 g at birth between January 1991 and December 1993 underwent standardized cranial ultrasound studies with 6 standard coronal and 5 sagittal views at postnatal days 1 to 3, 7 to 10, and at 3 to 8 weeks.A total of 129 (8%) infants had WMD, either an echodensity alone (n = 59), an echolucency alone (n = 18), or both (n = 52). In analyses that controlled for gestational age, IVH was associated with a fivefold to ninefold increased risk of WMD regardless of size, laterality, or extent of lesions (P/=.0005). Compared with infants with neither IVH nor ventriculomegaly, infants with both were at 18- to 29-fold greater risk of WMD (P/=.0005).In this study IVH and ventriculomegaly were powerful predictors of WMD occurrence, whether small or large, unilateral or bilateral, localized or diffuse.

Published
1999

28. Duration of transient hyperechoic images of white matter in very-low-birthweight infants: a proposed classification

Author

O, Dammann and A, Leviton

Subjects
Brain Diseases, Cysts, Terminology as Topic, Infant, Newborn, Humans, Infant, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Echoencephalography
Abstract

To enhance the comparability of research results, a uniform terminology is proposed for the description of the duration of transient hyperechoic images of white matter seen on cranial ultrasound scans of very-low-birthweight infants. The term 'flare' should be restricted to any hyperechoic image that resolves completely without any abnormality in its place. A flare should be termed 'brief' if it resolves within 6 days of its appearance, 'intermediate' if it disappears between 7 and 13 days after onset, and 'prolonged' if it disappears on day 14 or later.

Published
1997

29. [Gelastic epilepsy and precocious puberty in hamartoma of the hypothalamus]

Author

O, Dammann, J C, Commentz, J M, Valdueza, L, Christante, and K H, Bentele

Subjects
Diagnostic Imaging, Male, Epilepsy, Laughter, Hamartoma, Infant, Puberty, Precocious, Electroencephalography, Aggression, Child, Preschool, Humans, Anticonvulsants, Female, Hypothalamic Neoplasms
Abstract

Four cases of hypothalamic hamartoma leading to gelastic epilepsy, precocious puberty and behavioural disorders are reported. Cerebral neuroradiologic examinations revealed a tumor-like mass attached to the hypothalamus in the region of the mamillary bodies in all cases. Precocious puberty developed in the two girls at 4 and 13 months but in neither of the two boys, who both suffered behaviour disturbances in the form of aggressive outbursts. A total resection of the tumors of both boys led to histologic confirmation of hamartoma. One boy was free of seizures upon follow-up, whereas seizure frequency in the other boy was reduced, while his aggressivity increased. The cases are discussed in context of current therapeutic conceptions of gelastic epilepsy and central precocious puberty.

Published
1991

30. Neonatal risk factors for cerebral palsy in very preterm babies

Author

E. N Allred, O. Dammann, K. Kuban, A. Leviton, M. Pagano, and D. J Murphy

Subjects
Very preterm, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Obstetrics, business.industry, General Engineering, medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Medicine, medicine.disease, business, General Environmental Science, Cerebral palsy
Published
1997
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33. Neonatal Sepsis Episodes and Retinopathy of Prematurity in Very Preterm Infants.

Author

Glaser K, Härtel C, Klingenberg C, Herting E, Fortmann MI, Speer CP, Stensvold HJ, Huncikova Z, Rønnestad AE, Nentwich MM, Stahl A, Dammann O, and Göpel W

Subjects
Humans, Infant, Newborn, Female, Male, Retrospective Studies, Germany epidemiology, Infant, Extremely Premature, Norway epidemiology, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal statistics & numerical data, Gestational Age, Infant, Premature, Risk Factors, Retinopathy of Prematurity epidemiology, Neonatal Sepsis epidemiology
Abstract

Importance: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major morbidity of preterm infants causing visual impairment, including blindness, for which timely treatment is vital and prevention is key. Increasing evidence suggests that exposure to neonatal sepsis contributes to ROP development., Objective: To investigate the association between neonatal sepsis and ROP in 2 large-scale cohorts of preterm infants born at less than 29 weeks' gestation., Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the German Neonatal Network (GNN) and Norwegian Neonatal Network (NNN). The GNN involves 68 and the NNN includes 21 level III neonatal intensive care units. Participants were infants born at a gestation of 22 weeks and 0 days to 28 weeks and 6 days and enrolled in the GNN between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2022, and NNN between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2018. Data were analyzed from February through September 2023., Exposure: Single or multiple episodes of culture-proven sepsis., Main Outcomes and Measures: Any ROP and treatment-warranted ROP., Results: Among 12 794 infants in the GNN (6043 female [47.2%] and 6751 male [52.8%]; mean [SD] gestational age, 26.4 [1.5] weeks) and 1844 infants in the NNN (866 female [47.0%] and 978 male [53.0%]; mean [SD] gestational age, 25.6 [1.5] weeks), the mean (SD) birth weight was 848 (229) g and 807 (215) g, respectively. Any ROP was present in 6370 infants (49.8%) in GNN and 620 infants (33.6%) in NNN, and treatment-warranted ROP was present in 840 infants (6.6%) in GNN and 140 infants (7.6%) in NNN. In both cohorts, there were increasing rates of treatment-warranted ROP with each sepsis episode (no sepsis: 572 of 10 658 infants [5.4%] in GNN and 85 of 1492 infants (5.7%) in NNN; 1 episode: 190 of 1738 infants in GNN [10.9%] and 29 of 293 infants [9.9%] in NNN; 2 episodes: 53 of 314 infants in GNN [16.9%] and 13 of 49 infants [26.5%] in NNN; 3 episodes: 25 of 84 infants [29.8%] in GNN and 3 of 10 infants [30.0%] in NNN). After adjusting for multiple confounders in the GNN dataset, the number of sepsis episodes was associated with ROP and treatment-warranted ROP compared with 0 episodes (1 episode: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.44 [95% CI, 1.27-1.63]; P < .001 and OR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.31-1.96]; P < .001, respectively; 2 episodes: OR, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.35-2.42]; P < .001 and OR, 2.38 [95% CI, 1.68-3.37]; P < .001, respectively; 3 episodes: OR, 4.39 [95% CI, 2.19-8.78]; P < .001 and OR, 3.88 [95% CI, 2.29-6.55]; P < .001, respectively). These associations were confirmed for any ROP by propensity score matching (for example, the aOR with propensity score matching was 1.76 [95% CI, 1.54-2.02]; P < .001 for 1 episode vs 0 episodes and 1.58 [95% CI, 1.12-2.22]; P = .007 for 3 episodes vs 0 or 1 episode). In the NNN dataset, surgical NEC was associated with treatment-warranted ROP (multivariable analysis: aOR, 3.37 [95% CI, 1.78-6.37]; P < .001)., Conclusions and Relevance: This study found that in the large-scale GNN cohort, recurrent culture-proven sepsis was associated with ROP and treatment-warranted ROP in infants born at less than 29 weeks.

Published
2024
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34. Developmental authenticity - underlying dynamics of inner work processes.

Author

Liesenfeld KM, Lebedinski S, Parks AK, and Dammann O

Abstract

An emerging body of research attends to grasp the concept of authenticity. Nonetheless, a view on the developmental part with its underlying facets of Inner Work processes, is rare. In this paper, we aim to take a deeper look into the dynamics of inner work processes, that define certain authenticity developmental stages. Building upon our recently proposed "4C-view" of authenticity, we approach this developmental perspective from two different angles: from a process characteristic angle and a developmental level angle. Using vignettes of authentic client personality coaching processes, we propose that the interwoven dynamic between those two aspects yields several combinations of maturity levels within the individual. Continuity as an overarching concept thus contains various developmental authenticity stages that could be identified through different markers and vary in particular contexts., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Liesenfeld, Lebedinski, Parks and Dammann.)

Published
2024
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37. Asperger's syndrome - about time to rename it?

Author

Bearer C, Abman SH, Agostoni C, Ballard P, Bliss J, de Boode WP, Canpolat FE, Chalak L, Cilio MR, Dammann O, Davis J, El-Metwally D, Ferriero D, Ford S, Fuentes-Afflick E, Gano D, Giussani D, Gonzalez F, Gunn A, Hogeveen M, Huang AY, Kaplan J, Klebanoff M, Lachman P, Mak R, Malhotra A, Miller S, Mitchell WB, Molloy E, Mulkey SB, Roland D, Sampath V, Sant'Anna G, Schaff P, Singer LT, Stroustrup A, Tingay D, Tiribelli C, Toldi G, Tryggestad J, Valente EM, Wilson-Costello D, and Zupancic J

Subjects
Humans, Asperger Syndrome diagnosis, Asperger Syndrome therapy
Published
2024
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38. Biologic Correlates and Consequences of the Social Determinants of Health and Disease.

Author

Leviton A, Dammann O, Patel AD, and Loddenkemper T

Subjects
Humans, Poverty, Epigenesis, Genetic, Aging, Social Determinants of Health, Allostasis
Abstract

The consequences of experiences and exposures suffered by those living in poverty can last a lifetime and can even be passed on to the next generation. The challenges associated with poverty have been labeled the "social determinants of health" (SDoH), but this is something of a misnomer. A more appropriate label would be the "social determinants of disease." This essay is a broad overview of the processes, including allostatic load and epigenetic aging, that might contribute to prolonging the adverse effects of the social determinants of disease.

Published
2024
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39. Neonatal sepsis as a cause of retinopathy of prematurity: An etiological explanation.

Author

Dammann O and Stansfield BK

Subjects
Infant, Newborn, Female, Pregnancy, Humans, Infant, Premature, Risk Factors, Inflammation, Retinopathy of Prematurity etiology, Neonatal Sepsis complications
Abstract

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a complex neonatal disorder with multiple contributing factors. In this paper we have mounted the evidence in support of the proposal that neonatal sepsis meets all requirements for being a cause of ROP (not a condition, mechanism, or even innocent bystander) by means of initiating the early stages of the pathomechanism of ROP occurrence, systemic inflammation. We use the model of etiological explanation, which distinguishes between two overlapping processes in ROP causation. It can be shown that sepsis can initiate the early stages of the pathomechanism via systemic inflammation (causation process) and that systemic inflammation can contribute to growth factor aberrations and the retinal characteristics of ROP (disease process). The combined contribution of these factors with immaturity at birth (as intrinsic risk modifier) and prenatal inflammation (as extrinsic facilitator) seems to provide a cogent functional framework of ROP occurrence. Finally, we apply the Bradford Hill heuristics to the available evidence. Taken together, the above suggests that neonatal sepsis is a causal inducer of ROP., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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40. Erythrocyte transfusions are associated with retinopathy of prematurity in extremely low gestational age newborns.

Author

Glaser K, Härtel C, Dammann O, Herting E, Andres O, Speer CP, Göpel W, and Stahl A

Subjects
Infant, Infant, Newborn, Humans, Infant, Premature, Gestational Age, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Erythrocyte Transfusion adverse effects, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Retinopathy of Prematurity epidemiology, Retinopathy of Prematurity etiology, Erythropoietin, Anemia, Neonatal therapy
Abstract

Aim: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major morbidity in preterm infants causing visual impairment including blindness. Prevention and timely treatment are critical. We investigated the potential role of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions as risk factor for ROP development., Methods: Retrospective cohort study of data from 68 tertiary level neonatal intensive care units in Germany. Preterm infants born at 22 + 0 to 28 + 6 weeks of gestation between January 2009 and December 2021 were enrolled., Results: We included n = 12 565 infants. Prevalence of any ROP was 49.2% with most infants being diagnosed with stage 1 (21.5%) and 2 disease (17.2%). ROP stage 3 was present in 10.2%, stage 4 in 0.3%, and ROP requiring treatment in 6.6%. Infants with ROP had significantly more frequently a history of RBC transfusions. Adjusting for confounders, RBC transfusions were associated with increased odds of ROP (OR 1.4, p < 0.001), ROP progression (OR 2.1, p < 0.01) and ROP requiring treatment (OR 3.6, p < 0.001). Restrictive transfusion approaches correlated with decreased (OR 0.7, p < 0.001), liberal regimes with increased odds (OR 1.2, p = 0.001)., Conclusion: The present study confirmed an association of RBC transfusions and ROP. Our findings emphasise the need for anaemia prevention and critical re-evaluation of transfusion practices in preterm infants., (© 2023 The Authors. Acta Paediatrica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Foundation Acta Paediatrica.)

Published
2023
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43. Retinal structure and visual pathway function at school age in children born extremely preterm: a population-based study.

Author

Ingvaldsen SH, Moljord K, Grøtting A, Omland PM, Dammann O, Austeng D, and Morken TS

Subjects
Infant, Newborn, Child, Humans, Adolescent, Infant, Infant, Extremely Premature, Visual Pathways, Retina, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Macula Lutea
Abstract

Background: Children born extremely preterm (gestational age < 28 weeks) show reduced visual function even without any cerebral or ophthalmological neonatal diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to assess the retinal structure with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual function with pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (PR-VEPs) in a geographically defined population-based cohort of school-aged children born extremely preterm. Moreover, we aimed to explore the association between measures of retinal structure and visual pathway function in this cohort., Methods: All children born extremely preterm from 2006-2011 (n = 65) in Central Norway were invited to participate. Thirty-six children (55%) with a median age of 13 years (range = 10-16) were examined with OCT, OCT-angiography (OCT-A), and PR-VEPs. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and circularity, central macular vascular density, and flow were measured on OCT-A images. Central retinal thickness, circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and inner plexiform ganglion cell layer (IPGCL) thickness were measured on OCT images. The N70-P100 peak-to-peak amplitude and N70 and P100 latencies were assessed from PR-VEPs., Results: Participants displayed abnormal retinal structure and P100 latencies (≥ 2 SD) compared to reference populations. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between P100 latency in large checks and RNFL (r = -.54, p = .003) and IPGCL (r = -.41, p = .003) thickness. The FAZ was smaller (p = .003), macular vascular density (p = .006) and flow were higher (p = .004), and RNFL (p = .006) and IPGCL (p = .014) were thinner in participants with ROP (n = 7)., Conclusion: Children born extremely preterm without preterm brain injury sequelae have signs of persistent immaturity of retinal vasculature and neuroretinal layers. Thinner neuroretinal layers are associated with delayed P100 latency, prompting further exploration of the visual pathway development in preterms., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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44. Retinopathy of prematurity.

Author

Dammann O, Hartnett ME, and Stahl A

Subjects
Infant, Newborn, Infant, Humans, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Endothelial Growth Factors, Infant, Premature, Retina, Retinopathy of Prematurity diagnosis, Retinopathy of Prematurity etiology, Retinopathy of Prematurity therapy
Abstract

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a devastating neurovascular disease of the retina in newborn infants that can lead to vision deficits or even blindness. In this concise review we discuss our current knowledge about diagnosis, etiology, pathogenesis, intervention, and outcomes of the disease. Major advancements have been made both in categorizing the disease in the new International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity, Third Edition classification and in treating severe ROP with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents. New development always creates new questions and opens up new areas of research. We will discuss in this review both the benefits and downsides of the new anti-VEGF treatment approaches in ROP, especially in light of our improved understanding of the underlying ROP pathophysiology. We also offer pointers to areas where more research is needed. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Concise update on all aspects of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), including advances in understanding and treatment. Benefits and risks of the new treatment method of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections in ROP are discussed. New research areas that deserve attention in the coming years are identified., (© 2022 The Authors. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Mac Keith Press.)

Published
2023
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45. Opioid-related mortality: Dynamic temporal and spatial trends by drug type and demographic subpopulations, Massachusetts, 2005-2021.

Author

Stopka TJ, Larochelle MR, Li X, Bernson D, Li W, Ackerson LK, Bayly R, Dammann O, and Bauer C

Subjects
Male, Humans, Adult, Middle Aged, Analgesics, Opioid, Fentanyl, Massachusetts epidemiology, Age Distribution, Drug Overdose epidemiology, Opiate Overdose
Abstract

Background: Fatal opioid-related overdoses (OOD) present significant public health challenges. Intuitive and replicable analytical approaches are needed to inform targeted public health responses., Methods: We obtained fatal OOD data for 2005-2021 from the Massachusetts Registry of Vital Records and Statistics. We conducted heatmap analyses to assess trends in fatal OOD rates per 100,000 residents, visualizing rates by death year and decedent age at one-year intervals, stratifying by race/ethnicity, sex, rurality, and involved substances. We calculated Getis-Ord Gi* statistics to identify spatial clusters of OOD rates., Results: Among 20,774 fatal OODs, rates were higher among males, and highly variable by race/ethnicity, age group, and rurality. While fatal OOD rates increased in urban before rural communities, rates were higher in rural communities by 2018-2019. Stimulant-related fatal OODs were elevated in 2020 and 2021. Fatal OOD rates involving fentanyl and stimulants increased precipitously and simultaneously in the non-Hispanic Black population in 2020 and 2021, with a bimodal age distribution peaking among those in their 40s and 60s. Elevated rates among 30-to-60 year old Hispanic residents were largely tied to synthetic opioids from 2015 to 2021. Spatial clusters were detected for prescription opioids, heroin, and stimulants in western Massachusetts. For synthetic opioids, hotspots became more ubiquitous across the state from 2016 to 2021, intensifying in southeastern Massachusetts., Conclusion: Our novel approach uncovered new time varying and spatial patterns in fatal OOD rates not previously reported. Identified shifts in fatal OOD rates by sex, age, and race/ethnicity can inform location-specific field actions targeting subpopulations at disproportionally high risk., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest No conflict declared., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2023
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46. Visual function correlates with neurodevelopment in a population cohort of school-aged children born extremely preterm.

Author

Ingvaldsen SH, Hansen TI, Håberg AK, Moholdt V, Evensen KAI, Dammann O, Austeng D, and Morken TS

Subjects
Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy, Female, Humans, Child, Parturition, Neuropsychological Tests, Executive Function, Infant, Extremely Premature, Motor Skills
Abstract

Aim: To investigate visual function and neurodevelopment in a geographically defined population cohort of school-aged children born extremely preterm., Methods: All children born extremely preterm in Central Norway between 2006 and 2011 (n=65) were identified, and 36 (median age, min/max: 13, 10/16) were included. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity (four spatial frequencies), parent-reported challenges and neuropsychological testing in learning, executive functions, motor skills, perception, reaction time, working and visual memory, processing speed, and pattern separation were measured. Brain MRI (3T) was acquired and read by a neuroradiologist., Results: Median (min/max) BCVA letter score was 85 (35/91) in the better and 82 (13/89) in the worse eye. ROP participants (n=7) had lower contrast sensitivity in the two highest spatial frequencies (p = 0.024 and p = 0.004). Parent-reported challenges correlated negatively with BCVA (learning: p = 0.014; executive functions: p = 0.002; motor skills: p = 0.000; and perception: p = 0.001), while motor skills correlated negatively with one (p = 0.010) and perception with two (p = 0.003 and p = 0.009) of four spatial frequencies. Neuropsychological tests were reduced relative to norms. None had MRI-verified preterm brain injury., Conclusion: Visual function was subnormal and correlated with parent-reported challenges in a small cohort of extremely preterm school-aged children, indicating that visual function may be a marker of neurodevelopmental outcomes., (© 2023 The Authors. Acta Paediatrica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Foundation Acta Paediatrica.)

Published
2023
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47. Small Area Forecasting of Opioid-Related Mortality: Bayesian Spatiotemporal Dynamic Modeling Approach.

Author

Bauer C, Zhang K, Li W, Bernson D, Dammann O, LaRochelle MR, and Stopka TJ

Subjects
United States, Humans, Bayes Theorem, Pandemics, Public Policy, Analgesics, Opioid, COVID-19
Abstract

Background: Opioid-related overdose mortality has remained at crisis levels across the United States, increasing 5-fold and worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. The ability to provide forecasts of opioid-related mortality at granular geographical and temporal scales may help guide preemptive public health responses. Current forecasting models focus on prediction on a large geographical scale, such as states or counties, lacking the spatial granularity that local public health officials desire to guide policy decisions and resource allocation., Objective: The overarching objective of our study was to develop Bayesian spatiotemporal dynamic models to predict opioid-related mortality counts and rates at temporally and geographically granular scales (ie, ZIP Code Tabulation Areas [ZCTAs]) for Massachusetts., Methods: We obtained decedent data from the Massachusetts Registry of Vital Records and Statistics for 2005 through 2019. We developed Bayesian spatiotemporal dynamic models to predict opioid-related mortality across Massachusetts' 537 ZCTAs. We evaluated the prediction performance of our models using the one-year ahead approach. We investigated the potential improvement of prediction accuracy by incorporating ZCTA-level demographic and socioeconomic determinants. We identified ZCTAs with the highest predicted opioid-related mortality in terms of rates and counts and stratified them by rural and urban areas., Results: Bayesian dynamic models with the full spatial and temporal dependency performed best. Inclusion of the ZCTA-level demographic and socioeconomic variables as predictors improved the prediction accuracy, but only in the model that did not account for the neighborhood-level spatial dependency of the ZCTAs. Predictions were better for urban areas than for rural areas, which were more sparsely populated. Using the best performing model and the Massachusetts opioid-related mortality data from 2005 through 2019, our models suggested a stabilizing pattern in opioid-related overdose mortality in 2020 and 2021 if there were no disruptive changes to the trends observed for 2005-2019., Conclusions: Our Bayesian spatiotemporal models focused on opioid-related overdose mortality data facilitated prediction approaches that can inform preemptive public health decision-making and resource allocation. While sparse data from rural and less populated locales typically pose special challenges in small area predictions, our dynamic Bayesian models, which maximized information borrowing across geographic areas and time points, were used to provide more accurate predictions for small areas. Such approaches can be replicated in other jurisdictions and at varying temporal and geographical levels. We encourage the formation of a modeling consortium for fatal opioid-related overdose predictions, where different modeling techniques could be ensembled to inform public health policy., (©Cici Bauer, Kehe Zhang, Wenjun Li, Dana Bernson, Olaf Dammann, Marc R LaRochelle, Thomas J Stopka. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (https://publichealth.jmir.org), 10.02.2023.)

Published
2023
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48. PRENATAL MATERNAL CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY.

Author

Strawbridge JC, Chu A, Dammann O, Hanson J, Janzen C, and Tsui I

Subjects
Pregnancy, Infant, Female, Infant, Newborn, Humans, Infant, Premature, Risk Factors, Gestational Age, Retrospective Studies, Retinopathy of Prematurity diagnosis, Retinopathy of Prematurity epidemiology, Chorioamnionitis
Abstract

Purpose: Determine whether prenatal maternal characteristics such as sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, or pregnancy complications affect retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) development., Methods: Medical records of 236 mother-infant dyads from our institution were reviewed, only including dyads in which infants were born at 30 weeks gestational age or earlier. The primary outcome measure was the risk of ROP (defined Stage 1 or greater in either eye) and its association with prenatal maternal variables., Results: Maternal Medicaid insurance, smoking during pregnancy, and chorioamnionitis were associated with an increased risk of ROP. For Medicaid insurance and chorioamnionitis, these risks were not appreciably altered by adjustment for potential confounders., Conclusion: These results suggest that several prenatal maternal factors may independently affect the risk of ROP in preterm infants. Validation of our findings could aid in the identification of infants at high risk for ROP based on prenatal clinical features.

Published
2023
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49. Web-Based Health Information-Seeking Methods and Time Since Provider Engagement: Cross-sectional Study.

Author

Shaveet E, Urquhart C, Gallegos M, Dammann O, and Corlin L

Abstract

Background: The use of web-based methods to seek health information is increasing in popularity. As web-based health information (WHI)-seeking affects health-related decision support and chronic symptom self-management, WHI-seeking from online sources may impact health care decisions and outcomes, including care-seeking decisions. Patients who are routinely connected to physicians are more likely to receive better and more consistent care. Little is known about whether WHI-seeking impacts the frequency at which patients engage with health care providers., Objective: Our primary objective was to describe the associations between the use of web-based methods to seek information about one's own health and the time since last engaging with a health care provider about one's own health. Additionally, we aimed to assess participants' trust in health care organizations to contextualize our findings., Methods: We analyzed data from US adults participating in the nationally representative Tufts Equity in Health, Wealth, and Civic Engagement Survey (N=1034). Bivariate associations between demographic characteristics and health information-seeking methods were assessed with Pearson chi-squared tests. Bivariate associations of Medical Mistrust Index (MMI) scores with each health information-seeking method and time since provider engagement were assessed with F tests and adjusted Wald tests. We fit a multivariable logistic regression model to assess the association between WHI-seeking within the 12 months prior to survey (alone or in combination with provider-based methods versus provider only) and engagement with a provider more than 1 year prior to the time of survey, adjusting for age, race and ethnicity, sex, education, insurance coverage, and MMI., Results: Age, race and ethnicity, educational attainment, health insurance source, MMI, and time since provider engagement were each significantly associated with the health information-seeking method in bivariate analyses. Compared to using only provider-based health information seeking methods, WHI-based methods alone or in combination with provider-based methods were associated with a 51% lower likelihood (odds ratio 0.49, 95% CI 0.27-0.87) of engaging with a provider within the previous year. Participants who used WHI-seeking methods alone and those who had not engaged with a health care provider within the previous year demonstrated a higher mean MMI score; however, MMI was not a significant predictor of time since engagement with a provider in the multivariable analysis., Conclusions: Our findings from a nationally representative survey suggest that for those who use WHI-seeking methods (alone or in combination with provider-based information-seeking methods), there is a statistically significant lower likelihood of engaging with a provider in a year compared to those who only use provider-based methods. Future research should consider the intent of a person's visit with a provider, trust in health care systems, methods of provider engagement, and specific web-based platforms for health information., (©Eden Shaveet, Catherine Urquhart, Marissa Gallegos, Olaf Dammann, Laura Corlin. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (https://formative.jmir.org), 30.11.2022.)

Published
2022
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50. The Representation of Causality and Causation with Ontologies: A Systematic Literature Review.

Author

Sawesi S, Rashrash M, and Dammann O

Abstract

Objective: To explore how disease-related causality is formally represented in current ontologies and identify their potential limitations., Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search on eight databases (PubMed, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engendering (IEEE Xplore), Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Scopus, Web of Science databases, Ontobee, OBO Foundry, and Bioportal. We included studies published between January 1, 1970, and December 9, 2020, that formally represent the notions of causality and causation in the medical domain using ontology as a representational tool. Further inclusion criteria were publication in English and peer-reviewed journals or conference proceedings. Two authors (SS, RM) independently assessed study quality and performed content analysis using a modified validated extraction grid with pre-established categorization., Results: The search strategy led to a total of 8,501 potentially relevant papers, of which 50 met the inclusion criteria. Only 14 out of 50 (28%) specified the nature of causation, and only 7 (14%) included clear and non-circular natural language definitions. Although several theories of causality were mentioned, none of the articles offers a widely accepted conceptualization of how causation and causality can be formally represented., Conclusion: No current ontology captures the wealth of available concepts of causality. This provides an opportunity for the development of a formal ontology of causation/causality., (This is an Open Access article. Authors own copyright of their articles appearing in the Journal of Public Health Informatics. Readers may copy articles without permission of the copyright owner(s), as long as the author and OJPHI are acknowledged in the copy and the copy is used for educational, not-for-profit purposes.)

Published
2022
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