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1. The Early Data Release of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

Author

DESI Collaboration, A. G. Adame, J. Aguilar, S. Ahlen, S. Alam, G. Aldering, D. M. Alexander, R. Alfarsy, C. Allende Prieto, M. Alvarez, O. Alves, A. Anand, F. Andrade-Oliveira, E. Armengaud, J. Asorey, S. Avila, A. Aviles, S. Bailey, A. Balaguera-Antolínez, O. Ballester, C. Baltay, A. Bault, J. Bautista, J. Behera, S. F. Beltran, S. BenZvi, L. Beraldo e Silva, J. R. Bermejo-Climent, A. Berti, R. Besuner, F. Beutler, D. Bianchi, C. Blake, R. Blum, A. S. Bolton, S. Brieden, A. Brodzeller, D. Brooks, Z. Brown, E. Buckley-Geer, E. Burtin, L. Cabayol-Garcia, Z. Cai, R. Canning, L. Cardiel-Sas, A. Carnero Rosell, F. J. Castander, J. L. Cervantes-Cota, S. Chabanier, E. Chaussidon, J. Chaves-Montero, S. Chen, X. Chen, C. Chuang, T. Claybaugh, S. Cole, A. P. Cooper, A. Cuceu, T. M. Davis, K. Dawson, R. de Belsunce, R. de la Cruz, A. de la Macorra, J. Della Costa, A. de Mattia, R. Demina, U. Demirbozan, J. DeRose, A. Dey, B. Dey, G. Dhungana, J. Ding, Z. Ding, P. Doel, R. Doshi, K. Douglass, A. Edge, S. Eftekharzadeh, D. J. Eisenstein, A. Elliott, J. Ereza, S. Escoffier, P. Fagrelius, X. Fan, K. Fanning, V. A. Fawcett, S. Ferraro, B. Flaugher, A. Font-Ribera, J. E. Forero-Romero, D. Forero-Sánchez, C. S. Frenk, B. T. Gänsicke, L. Á. García, J. García-Bellido, C. Garcia-Quintero, L. H. Garrison, H. Gil-Marín, J. Golden-Marx, S. Gontcho A Gontcho, A. X. Gonzalez-Morales, V. Gonzalez-Perez, C. Gordon, O. Graur, D. Green, D. Gruen, J. Guy, B. Hadzhiyska, C. Hahn, J. J. Han, M. M. S Hanif, H. K. Herrera-Alcantar, K. Honscheid, J. Hou, C. Howlett, D. Huterer, V. Iršič, M. Ishak, A. Jacques, A. Jana, L. Jiang, J. Jimenez, Y. P. Jing, S. Joudaki, R. Joyce, E. Jullo, S. Juneau, N. G. Karaçaylı, T. Karim, R. Kehoe, S. Kent, A. Khederlarian, S. Kim, D. Kirkby, T. Kisner, F. Kitaura, N. Kizhuprakkat, J. Kneib, S. E. Koposov, A. Kovács, A. Kremin, A. Krolewski, B. L’Huillier, O. Lahav, A. Lambert, C. Lamman, T.-W. Lan, M. Landriau, D. Lang, J. U. Lange, J. Lasker, A. Leauthaud, L. Le Guillou, M. E. Levi, T. S. Li, E. Linder, A. Lyons, C. Magneville, M. Manera, C. J. Manser, D. Margala, P. Martini, P. McDonald, G. E. Medina, L. Medina-Varela, A. Meisner, J. Mena-Fernández, J. Meneses-Rizo, M. Mezcua, R. Miquel, P. Montero-Camacho, J. Moon, S. Moore, J. Moustakas, E. Mueller, J. Mundet, A. Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A. D. Myers, S. Nadathur, L. Napolitano, R. Neveux, J. A. Newman, J. Nie, R. Nikutta, G. Niz, P. Norberg, H. E. Noriega, E. Paillas, N. Palanque-Delabrouille, A. Palmese, Z. Pan, D. Parkinson, S. Penmetsa, W. J. Percival, A. Pérez-Fernández, I. Pérez-Ràfols, M. Pieri, C. Poppett, A. Porredon, S. Pothier, F. Prada, R. Pucha, A. Raichoor, C. Ramírez-Pérez, S. Ramirez-Solano, M. Rashkovetskyi, C. Ravoux, A. Rocher, C. Rockosi, A. J. Ross, G. Rossi, R. Ruggeri, V. Ruhlmann-Kleider, C. G. Sabiu, K. Said, A. Saintonge, L. Samushia, E. Sanchez, C. Saulder, E. Schaan, E. F. Schlafly, D. Schlegel, D. Scholte, M. Schubnell, H. Seo, A. Shafieloo, R. Sharples, W. Sheu, J. Silber, F. Sinigaglia, M. Siudek, Z. Slepian, A. Smith, M. T. Soumagnac, D. Sprayberry, L. Stephey, J. Suárez-Pérez, Z. Sun, T. Tan, G. Tarlé, R. Tojeiro, L. A. Ureña-López, R. Vaisakh, D. Valcin, F. Valdes, M. Valluri, M. Vargas-Magaña, A. Variu, L. Verde, M. Walther, B. Wang, M. S. Wang, B. A. Weaver, N. Weaverdyck, R. H. Wechsler, M. White, Y. Xie, J. Yang, C. Yèche, J. Yu, S. Yuan, H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, C. Zhao, Z. Zheng, R. Zhou, Z. Zhou, H. Zou, S. Zou, and Y. Zu

Subjects
Astronomy data reduction, Observational cosmology, Astronomy databases, Astronomy data analysis, Astronomy software, Surveys, Astronomy, QB1-991
Abstract

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) completed its 5 month Survey Validation in 2021 May. Spectra of stellar and extragalactic targets from Survey Validation constitute the first major data sample from the DESI survey. This paper describes the public release of those spectra, the catalogs of derived properties, and the intermediate data products. In total, the public release includes good-quality spectral information from 466,447 objects targeted as part of the Milky Way Survey, 428,758 as part of the Bright Galaxy Survey, 227,318 as part of the Luminous Red Galaxy sample, 437,664 as part of the Emission Line Galaxy sample, and 76,079 as part of the Quasar sample. In addition, the release includes spectral information from 137,148 objects that expand the scope beyond the primary samples as part of a series of secondary programs. Here, we describe the spectral data, data quality, data products, Large-Scale Structure science catalogs, access to the data, and references that provide relevant background to using these spectra.

Published
2024
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2. Validation of the Scientific Program for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

Author

DESI Collaboration, A. G. Adame, J. Aguilar, S. Ahlen, S. Alam, G. Aldering, D. M. Alexander, R. Alfarsy, C. Allende Prieto, M. Alvarez, O. Alves, A. Anand, F. Andrade-Oliveira, E. Armengaud, J. Asorey, S. Avila, A. Aviles, S. Bailey, A. Balaguera-Antolínez, O. Ballester, C. Baltay, A. Bault, J. Bautista, J. Behera, S. F. Beltran, S. BenZvi, L. Beraldo e Silva, J. R. Bermejo-Climent, A. Berti, R. Besuner, F. Beutler, D. Bianchi, C. Blake, R. Blum, A. S. Bolton, S. Brieden, A. Brodzeller, D. Brooks, Z. Brown, E. Buckley-Geer, E. Burtin, L. Cabayol-Garcia, Z. Cai, R. Canning, L. Cardiel-Sas, A. Carnero Rosell, F. J. Castander, J. L. Cervantes-Cota, S. Chabanier, E. Chaussidon, J. Chaves-Montero, S. Chen, X. Chen, C. Chuang, T. Claybaugh, S. Cole, A. P. Cooper, A. Cuceu, T. M. Davis, K. Dawson, R. de Belsunce, R. de la Cruz, A. de la Macorra, A. de Mattia, R. Demina, U. Demirbozan, J. DeRose, A. Dey, B. Dey, G. Dhungana, J. Ding, Z. Ding, P. Doel, R. Doshi, K. Douglass, A. Edge, S. Eftekharzadeh, D. J. Eisenstein, A. Elliott, S. Escoffier, P. Fagrelius, X. Fan, K. Fanning, V. A. Fawcett, S. Ferraro, J. Ereza, B. Flaugher, A. Font-Ribera, D. Forero-Sánchez, J. E. Forero-Romero, C. S. Frenk, B. T. Gänsicke, L. Á. García, J. García-Bellido, C. Garcia-Quintero, L. H. Garrison, H. Gil-Marín, J. Golden-Marx, S. Gontcho A Gontcho, A. X. Gonzalez-Morales, V. Gonzalez-Perez, C. Gordon, O. Graur, D. Green, D. Gruen, J. Guy, B. Hadzhiyska, C. Hahn, J. J. Han, M. M. S Hanif, H. K. Herrera-Alcantar, K. Honscheid, J. Hou, C. Howlett, D. Huterer, V. Iršič, M. Ishak, A. Jana, L. Jiang, J. Jimenez, Y. P. Jing, S. Joudaki, E. Jullo, R. Joyce, S. Juneau, N. Kizhuprakkat, N. G. Karaçaylı, T. Karim, R. Kehoe, S. Kent, A. Khederlarian, S. Kim, D. Kirkby, T. Kisner, F. Kitaura, J. Kneib, S. E. Koposov, A. Kovács, A. Kremin, A. Krolewski, B. L’Huillier, O. Lahav, A. Lambert, C. Lamman, T.-W. Lan, M. Landriau, D. Lang, J. U. Lange, J. Lasker, L. Le Guillou, A. Leauthaud, M. E. Levi, T. S. Li, E. Linder, A. Lyons, C. Magneville, M. Manera, C. J. Manser, D. Margala, P. Martini, P. McDonald, G. E. Medina, L. Medina-Varela, A. Meisner, J. Mena-Fernández, J. Meneses-Rizo, M. Mezcua, R. Miquel, P. Montero-Camacho, J. Moon, S. Moore, J. Moustakas, E. Mueller, J. Mundet, A. Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A. D. Myers, S. Nadathur, L. Napolitano, R. Neveux, J. A. Newman, J. Nie, G. Niz, P. Norberg, H. E. Noriega, E. Paillas, N. Palanque-Delabrouille, A. Palmese, P. Zhiwei, D. Parkinson, S. Penmetsa, W. J. Percival, A. Pérez-Fernández, I. Pérez-Ràfols, M. Pieri, C. Poppett, A. Porredon, F. Prada, R. Pucha, A. Raichoor, C. Ramírez-Pérez, S. Ramirez-Solano, M. Rashkovetskyi, C. Ravoux, A. Rocher, C. Rockosi, A. J. Ross, G. Rossi, R. Ruggeri, V. Ruhlmann-Kleider, C. G. Sabiu, K. Said, A. Saintonge, L. Samushia, E. Sanchez, C. Saulder, E. Schaan, E. F. Schlafly, D. Schlegel, D. Scholte, M. Schubnell, H. Seo, A. Shafieloo, R. Sharples, W. Sheu, J. Silber, F. Sinigaglia, M. Siudek, Z. Slepian, A. Smith, D. Sprayberry, L. Stephey, J. Suárez-Pérez, Z. Sun, T. Tan, G. Tarlé, R. Tojeiro, L. A. Ureña-López, R. Vaisakh, D. Valcin, F. Valdes, M. Valluri, M. Vargas-Magaña, A. Variu, L. Verde, M. Walther, B. Wang, M. S. Wang, B. A. Weaver, N. Weaverdyck, R. H. Wechsler, M. White, Y. Xie, J. Yang, C. Yèche, J. Yu, S. Yuan, H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, C. Zhao, Z. Zheng, R. Zhou, Z. Zhou, H. Zou, S. Zou, and Y. Zu

Subjects
Cosmology, Redshift surveys, Astronomy, QB1-991
Abstract

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) was designed to conduct a survey covering 14,000 deg ^2 over 5 yr to constrain the cosmic expansion history through precise measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO). The scientific program for DESI was evaluated during a 5 month survey validation (SV) campaign before beginning full operations. This program produced deep spectra of tens of thousands of objects from each of the stellar Milky Way Survey (MWS), Bright Galaxy Survey (BGS), luminous red galaxy (LRG), emission line galaxy (ELG), and quasar target classes. These SV spectra were used to optimize redshift distributions, characterize exposure times, determine calibration procedures, and assess observational overheads for the 5 yr program. In this paper, we present the final target selection algorithms, redshift distributions, and projected cosmology constraints resulting from those studies. We also present a One-Percent Survey conducted at the conclusion of SV covering 140 deg ^2 using the final target selection algorithms with exposures of a depth typical of the main survey. The SV indicates that DESI will be able to complete the full 14,000 deg ^2 program with spectroscopically confirmed targets from the MWS, BGS, LRG, ELG, and quasar programs with total sample sizes of 7.2, 13.8, 7.46, 15.7, and 2.87 million, respectively. These samples will allow exploration of the Milky Way halo, clustering on all scales, and BAO measurements with a statistical precision of 0.28% over the redshift interval z < 1.1, 0.39% over the redshift interval 1.1 < z < 1.9, and 0.46% over the redshift interval 1.9 < z < 3.5.

Published
2024
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3. Overview of the Instrumentation for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

Author

DESI Collaboration, B. Abareshi, J. Aguilar, S. Ahlen, Shadab Alam, David M. Alexander, R. Alfarsy, L. Allen, C. Allende Prieto, O. Alves, J. Ameel, E. Armengaud, J. Asorey, Alejandro Aviles, S. Bailey, A. Balaguera-Antolínez, O. Ballester, C. Baltay, A. Bault, S. F. Beltran, B. Benavides, S. BenZvi, A. Berti, R. Besuner, Florian Beutler, D. Bianchi, C. Blake, P. Blanc, R. Blum, A. Bolton, S. Bose, D. Bramall, S. Brieden, A. Brodzeller, D. Brooks, C. Brownewell, E. Buckley-Geer, R. N. Cahn, Z. Cai, R. Canning, R. Capasso, A. Carnero Rosell, P. Carton, R. Casas, F. J. Castander, J. L. Cervantes-Cota, S. Chabanier, E. Chaussidon, C. Chuang, C. Circosta, S. Cole, A. P. Cooper, L. da Costa, M.-C. Cousinou, A. Cuceu, T. M. Davis, K. Dawson, R. de la Cruz-Noriega, A. de la Macorra, A. de Mattia, J. Della Costa, P. Demmer, M. Derwent, A. Dey, B. Dey, G. Dhungana, Z. Ding, C. Dobson, P. Doel, J. Donald-McCann, J. Donaldson, K. Douglass, Y. Duan, P. Dunlop, J. Edelstein, S. Eftekharzadeh, D. J. Eisenstein, M. Enriquez-Vargas, S. Escoffier, M. Evatt, P. Fagrelius, X. Fan, K. Fanning, V. A. Fawcett, S. Ferraro, J. Ereza, B. Flaugher, A. Font-Ribera, J. E. Forero-Romero, C. S. Frenk, S. Fromenteau, B. T. Gänsicke, C. Garcia-Quintero, L. Garrison, E. Gaztañaga, F. Gerardi, H. Gil-Marín, S. Gontcho A Gontcho, Alma X. Gonzalez-Morales, G. Gonzalez-de-Rivera, V. Gonzalez-Perez, C. Gordon, O. Graur, D. Green, C. Grove, D. Gruen, G. Gutierrez, J. Guy, C. Hahn, S. Harris, D. Herrera, Hiram K. Herrera-Alcantar, K. Honscheid, C. Howlett, D. Huterer, V. Iršič, M. Ishak, P. Jelinsky, L. Jiang, J. Jimenez, Y. P. Jing, R. Joyce, E. Jullo, S. Juneau, N. G. Karaçaylı, M. Karamanis, A. Karcher, T. Karim, R. Kehoe, S. Kent, D. Kirkby, T. Kisner, F. Kitaura, S. E. Koposov, A. Kovács, A. Kremin, Alex Krolewski, B. L’Huillier, O. Lahav, A. Lambert, C. Lamman, Ting-Wen Lan, M. Landriau, S. Lane, D. Lang, J. U. Lange, J. Lasker, L. Le Guillou, A. Leauthaud, A. Le Van Suu, Michael E. Levi, T. S. Li, C. Magneville, M. Manera, Christopher J. Manser, B. Marshall, Paul Martini, W. McCollam, P. McDonald, Aaron M. Meisner, J. Mena-Fernández, J. Meneses-Rizo, M. Mezcua, T. Miller, R. Miquel, P. Montero-Camacho, J. Moon, J. Moustakas, E. Mueller, Andrea Muñoz-Gutiérrez, Adam D. Myers, S. Nadathur, J. Najita, L. Napolitano, E. Neilsen, Jeffrey A. Newman, J. D. Nie, Y. Ning, G. Niz, P. Norberg, Hernán E. Noriega, T. O’Brien, A. Obuljen, N. Palanque-Delabrouille, A. Palmese, P. Zhiwei, D. Pappalardo, X. PENG, W. J. Percival, S. Perruchot, R. Pogge, C. Poppett, A. Porredon, F. Prada, J. Prochaska, R. Pucha, A. Pérez-Fernández, I. Pérez-Ràfols, D. Rabinowitz, A. Raichoor, S. Ramirez-Solano, César Ramírez-Pérez, C. Ravoux, K. Reil, M. Rezaie, A. Rocher, C. Rockosi, N. A. Roe, A. Roodman, A. J. Ross, G. Rossi, R. Ruggeri, V. Ruhlmann-Kleider, C. G. Sabiu, S. Gaines, K. Said, A. Saintonge, Javier Salas Catonga, L. Samushia, E. Sanchez, C. Saulder, E. Schaan, E. Schlafly, D. Schlegel, J. Schmoll, D. Scholte, M. Schubnell, A. Secroun, H. Seo, S. Serrano, Ray M. Sharples, Michael J. Sholl, Joseph Harry Silber, D. R. Silva, M. Sirk, M. Siudek, A. Smith, D. Sprayberry, R. Staten, B. Stupak, T. Tan, Gregory Tarlé, Suk Sien Tie, R. Tojeiro, L. A. Ureña-López, F. Valdes, O. Valenzuela, M. Valluri, M. Vargas-Magaña, L. Verde, M. Walther, B. Wang, M. S. Wang, B. A. Weaver, C. Weaverdyck, R. Wechsler, Michael J. Wilson, J. Yang, Y. Yu, S. Yuan, Christophe Yèche, H. Zhang, K. Zhang, Cheng Zhao, Rongpu Zhou, Zhimin Zhou, H. Zou, J. Zou, S. Zou, and Y. Zu

Subjects
Dark energy, Spectroscopy, Astronomical instrumentation, Spectrometers, Optical telescopes, Astronomy, QB1-991
Abstract

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) embarked on an ambitious 5 yr survey in 2021 May to explore the nature of dark energy with spectroscopic measurements of 40 million galaxies and quasars. DESI will determine precise redshifts and employ the baryon acoustic oscillation method to measure distances from the nearby universe to beyond redshift z > 3.5, and employ redshift space distortions to measure the growth of structure and probe potential modifications to general relativity. We describe the significant instrumentation we developed to conduct the DESI survey. This includes: a wide-field, 3.°2 diameter prime-focus corrector; a focal plane system with 5020 fiber positioners on the 0.812 m diameter, aspheric focal surface; 10 continuous, high-efficiency fiber cable bundles that connect the focal plane to the spectrographs; and 10 identical spectrographs. Each spectrograph employs a pair of dichroics to split the light into three channels that together record the light from 360–980 nm with a spectral resolution that ranges from 2000–5000. We describe the science requirements, their connection to the technical requirements, the management of the project, and interfaces between subsystems. DESI was installed at the 4 m Mayall Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory and has achieved all of its performance goals. Some performance highlights include an rms positioner accuracy of better than 0.″1 and a median signal-to-noise ratio of 7 of the [O ii ] doublet at 8 × 10 ^−17 erg s ^−1 cm ^−2 in 1000 s for galaxies at z = 1.4–1.6. We conclude with additional highlights from the on-sky validation and commissioning, key successes, and lessons learned.

Published
2022
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4. Analysis of test beam data taken with a prototype of TPC with resistive Micromegas for the T2K Near Detector upgrade

Author

D. Attié, O. Ballester, M. Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, P. Billoir, A. Blanchet, A. Blondel, S. Bolognesi, R. Boullon, D. Calvet, M.P. Casado, M.G. Catanesi, M. Cicerchia, G. Cogo, P. Colas, G. Collazuol, C. Dalmazzone, T. Daret, A. Delbart, A. De Lorenzis, S. Dolan, K. Dygnarowicz, J. Dumarchez, S. Emery-Schrenk, A. Ershova, G. Eurin, M. Feltre, C. Forza, L. Giannessi, C. Giganti, F. Gramegna, M. Grassi, M. Guigue, P. Hamacher-Baumann, S. Hassani, D. Henaff, F. Iacob, C. Jesús-Valls, S. Joshi, R. Kurjata, M. Lamoureux, A. Langella, J.F. Laporte, L. Lavitola, M. Lehuraux, A. Longhin, T. Lux, L. Magaletti, T. Marchi, L. Mellet, M. Mezzetto, L. Munteanu, Q.V. Nguyen, Y. Orain, M. Pari, J.-M. Parraud, C. Pastore, A. Pepato, E. Pierre, C. Pio Garcia, B. Popov, J. Porthault, H. Przybiliski, F. Pupilli, T. Radermacher, E. Radicioni, F. Rossi, S. Roth, S. Russo, A. Rychter, L. Scomparin, D. Smyczek, J. Steinmann, S. Suvorov, J. Swierblewski, D. Terront, N. Thamm, F. Toussenel, V. Valentino, M. Varghese, G. Vasseur, U. Virginet, U. Yevarouskaya, M. Ziembicki, M. Zito, HEP, INSPIRE, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, irradiation, energy loss, FOS: Physical sciences, KAMIOKANDE, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), near detector: upgrade, time projection chamber, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], electronics: readout, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Resistive micromegas T2K Near Detector Time Projection Chambers, physics.ins-det, spatial resolution, Instrumentation, performance, Micromegas, detector: design
Abstract

In this paper we describe the performance of a prototype of the High Angle Time Projection Chambers (HA-TPCs) that are being produced for the Near Detector (ND280) upgrade of the T2K experiment. The two HA-TPCs of ND280 will be instrumented with eight Encapsulated Resistive Anode Micromegas (ERAM) on each endplate, for a total of 32 ERAMs. This innovative technique allows the detection of the charge emitted by ionization electrons over several pads, improving the determination of the track position. The TPC prototype has been equipped with the first ERAM module produced for T2K and with the HA-TPC readout electronics chain and it has been exposed to an electron beam at DESY in order to measure spatial and dE/dx resolution. In this paper we characterize the performances of the ERAM and, for the first time, we compare them with a newly developed simulation of the detector response. Spatial resolution better than 800 μm and dE/dx resolution better than 10% are observed for all the incident angles and for all the drift distances of interest. All the main features of the data are correctly reproduced by the simulation and these performances fully fulfill the requirements for the HA-TPCs of T2K. In this paper we describe the performance of a prototype of the High Angle Time Projection Chambers (HA-TPCs) that are being produced for the Near Detector (ND280) upgrade of the T2K experiment. The two HA-TPCs of ND280 will be instrumented with eight Encapsulated Resistive Anode Micromegas (ERAM) on each endplate, thus constituting in total 32 ERAMs. This innovative technique allows the detection of the charge emitted by ionization electrons over several pads, improving the determination of the track position. The TPC prototype has been equipped with the first ERAM module produced for T2K and with the HA-TPC readout electronics chain and it has been exposed to the DESY Test Beam in order to measure spatial and dE/dx resolution. In this paper we characterize the performances of the ERAM and, for the first time, we compare them with a newly developed simulation of the detector response. Spatial resolution better than 800 ${\mu \rm m}$ and dE/dx resolution better than 10% are observed for all the incident angles and for all the drift distances of interest. All the main features of the data are correctly reproduced by the simulation and these performances fully fulfill the requirements for the HA-TPCs of T2K.

Published
2023
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5. An instrumented baffle for the Advanced Virgo Input Mode Cleaner End Mirror

Author

M. Andrés-Carcasona, O. Ballester, O. Blanch, J. Campos, G. Caneva, L. Cardiel, M. Cavalli-Sforza, P. Chiggiato, A. Chiummo, V. Dattilo, J. A. Ferreira, J. M. Illa, C. Karathanasis, M. Kolstein, M. Martínez, A. Macquet, A. Menéndez-Vázquez, Ll. M. Mir, J. Mundet, A. Pasqualetti, O. Piccinni, C. Pio, A. Romero-Rodríguez, and D. Serrano

Subjects
Astrophysics and Astronomy, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, General Relativity and Cosmology, gr-qc, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

A novel instrumented baffle surrounding the suspended end mirror in the input mode cleaner cavity of the Virgo interferometer was installed in spring 2021. Since then, the device has been regularly operated in the experiment and the obtained results indicate a good agreement with simulations of the stray light inside the optical cavity. The baffle will operate in the upcoming O4 observation run, serving as a demonstrator of the technology designed to instrument the baffles in front of the main mirrors in time for O5. In this paper we present a detailed description of the baffle design, including mechanics, front-end electronics, data acquisition, as well as optical and vacuum tests, calibration and installation procedures, and performance results., Comment: 12 pages, 21 figures, 3 tables, to be submitted to PRD

Published
2022
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6. Cherenkov Telescope Array : the World’s largest VHE gamma-ray observatory

Author

Roberta Zanin, H. Abdalla, H. Abe, S. Abe, A. Abusleme, F. Acero, A. Acharyya, V. Acin Portella, K. Ackley, R. Adam, C. Adams, S.S. Adhikari, I. Aguado Ruesga, I. Agudo, R. Aguilera, A. Aguirre Santaella, F. Aharonian, A. Alberdi, R. Alfaro, J. Alfaro, C. Alispach, R. Aloisio, R. Alves Batista, J.P. Amans, L. Amati, E. Amato, L. Ambrogi, G. Ambrosi, M. Ambrosio, R. Ammendola, J. Anderson, M. Anduze, E.O. Anguner, L.A. Antonelli, V. Antonuccio, P. Antoranz, R. Anutarawiramkul, J. Aragunde Gutierrez, C. Aramo, A. Araudo, M. Araya, A. Arbet Engels, C. Arcaro, V. Arendt, C. Armand, T. Armstrong, F. Arqueros, L. Arrabito, B. Arsioli, M. Artero, K. Asano, Y. Ascasibar, J. Aschersleben, M. Ashley, P. Attina, P. Aubert, C. B. Singh, D. Baack, A. Babic, M. Backes, V. Baena, S. Bajtlik, A. Baktash, C. Balazs, M. Balbo, O. Ballester, J. Ballet, B. Balmaverde, A. Bamba, R. Bandiera, A. Baquero Larriva, P. Barai, C. Barbier, V. Barbosa Martins, M. Barcelo, M. Barkov, M. Barnard, L. Baroncelli, U. Barres de Almeida, J.A. Barrio, D. Bastieri, P.I. Batista, I. Batkovic, C. Bauer, R. Bautista González, J. Baxter, U. Becciani, J. Becerra González, Y. Becherini, G. Beck, J. Becker Tjus, W. Bednarek, A. Belfiore, L. Bellizzi, R. Belmont, W. Benbow, D. Berge, E. Bernardini, M.I. Bernardos, K. Bernlöhr, A. Berti, M. Berton, B. Bertucci, V. Beshley, N. Bhatt, S. Bhattacharyya, W. Bhattacharyya, B. Y. Bi, G. Bicknell, N. Biederbeck, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, R. Bird, E. Bissaldi, J. Biteau, M. Bitossi, O. Blanch, M. Blank, J. Blazek, J. Bobin, C. Boccato, F. Bocchino, C. Boehm, M. Bohacova, C. Boisson, J. Boix, J.P. Bolle, J. Bolmont, G. Bonanno, C. Bonavolontà, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, G. Bonnoli, P. Bordas, J. Borkowski, R. Bose, D. Bose, Z. Bosnjak, E. Bottacini, Markus Böttcher, M.T. Botticella, C. Boutonnet, F. Bouyjou, V. Bozhilov, E. Bozzo, L. Brahimi, C. Braiding, S. Brau Nogue, S. Breen, J. Bregeon, M. Breuhaus, A. Brill, W. Brisken, E. Brocato, A.M. Brown, K. Brügge, P. Brun, F. Brun, L. Brunetti, G. Brunetti, P. Bruno, A. Bruno, A. Bruzzese, N. Bucciantini, J. H. Buckley, R. Bühler, A. Bulgarelli, T. Bulik, M. Bünning, M. Bunse, M. Burton, A. Burtovoi, M. Buscemi, S. Buschjager, G. Busetto, J. Buss, K. Byrum, A. Caccianiga, F. Cadoux, A. Calanducci, C. Calderon, J. Calvo Tovar, R. A. Cameron, P. Campana, R. Canestrari, F. Cangemi, B. Cantlay, M. Capalbi, M. Capasso, M. Cappi, A. Caproni, R. Capuzzo Dolcetta, P. Caraveo, V. Cárdenas, L. Cardiel, M. Cardillo, C. Carlile, S. Caroff, R. Carosi, A. Carosi, E. Carquin, M. Carrere, J.M. Casandjian, S. Casanova, F. Cassol, F. Catalani, O. Catalano, D. Cauz, A. Ceccanti, C. Celestino Silva, K. Cerny, M. Cerruti, E. Chabanne, P. Chadwick, Y. Chai, P. Chambery, C. Champion, S. Chaty, A. Chen, K. Cheng, M. Chernyakova, G. Chiaro, A. Chiavassa, M. Chikawa, V.R. Chitnis, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, S. Cikota, A. Circiello, P. Clark, M. Colak, E. Colombo, S. Colonges, A. Comastri, A. Compagnino, V. Conforti, E. Congiu, R. Coniglione, J. Conrad, F. Conte, J.L. Contreras, P. Coppi, R. Cornat, J. Coronado Blazquez, J. Cortina, A. Costa, H. Costantini, G. Cotter, B. Courty, S. Covino, S. Crestan, P. Cristofari, R. Crocker, J. Croston, K. Cubuk, O. Cuevas, X. Cui, G. Cusumano, S. Cutini, G. D'Amico, F. D'Ammando, P. D'Avanzo, P. Da Vela, M. Dadina, S. Dai, M. Dalchenko, M. Dall'Ora, M.K. Daniel, J. Dauguet, I. Davids, J. Davies, B. Dawson, A. De Angelis, A.E. de Araujo Carvalho, M. de Bony de Lavergne, G. De Cesare, F. de Frondat, I. de la Calle, E. de Gouveia Dal Pino, B. De Lotto, A. De Luca, D. De Martino, M. de Naurois, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, F. De Palma Persio, N. De Simone, V. de Souza Valle, E. Delagnes, G. Deleglise Reznicek, C. Delgado, A.G. Delgado Giler, J. Delgado Mengual Valle, Domenico Della Volpe, D. Depaoli, J. Devin, T. Di Girolamo, C. Di Giulio Pierro, L. Di Venere, C. Díaz, C. Dib, S. Diebold, S. Digel, A. Djannati Atai, J. Djuvsland, A. Dmytriiev, K. Docher, A. Domínguez, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, Rita Cassia dos Anjos, J.L. Dournaux, T. Downes, G. Drake, H. Drass, D. Dravins, C. Duangchan, A. Duara, G. Dubus, L. Ducci, C. Duffy, D. Dumora, K. Dundas Mora, A. Durkalec, V.V. Dwarkadas, J. Ebr, C. Eckner, J. Eder, E. Edy, K. Egberts, S. Einecke, C. Eleftheriadis, D. Elsässer, G. Emery, D. Emmanoulopoulos, J.P. Ernenwein, M. Errando, P. Escarate, J. Escudero, C. Espinoza, S. Ettori, A. Eungwanichayapant, P. Evans, C. Evoli, M. Fairbairn, D. Falceta Goncalves, A. Falcone, V. Fallah Ramazanı, R. Falomo, K. Farakos, G. Fasola, A. Fattorini, Y. Favre, R. Fedora, E. Fedorova, K. Feijen, Q. Feng, G. Ferrand, G. Ferrara, O. Ferreira, M. Fesquet, E. Fiandrini, A. Fiasson, M. Filipovic, D. Fink, J.P. Finley, V. Fioretti, D.F.G. Fiorillo, M. Fiorini, S. Flis, H. Flores, L. Foffano, C. Fohr, M.V. Fonseca, L. Font, G. Fontaine, O. Fornieri, P. Fortin, L. Fortson, N. Fouque, B. Fraga, A. Franceschini, F.J. Franco, L. Freixas Coromina, L. Fresnillo, D. Fugazza, Y. Fujita, S. Fukami, Y. Fukazawa, D. Fulla, S. Funk, A. Furniss, S. Gabici, D. Gaggero, G. Galanti, P. Galdemard, Y. A. Gallant, D. Galloway, S. Gallozzi, V. Gammaldi, R. Garcia, L. E. García-Muñoz, E. Garcia Lopez, F. Gargano, C. Gargano, S. Garozzo, D. Gascon, T. Gasparetto, D. Gasparrini, H. Gasparyan, M. Gaug, N. Geffroy, A. Gent, S. Germani, A. Ghalumyan, A. Ghedina, G. Ghirlanda, F. Gianotti, S. Giarrusso, M. Giarrusso, G. Giavitto, B. Giebels, N. Giglietto, V. Gika, F. Gillardo, R. Gimenes, F. Giordano, E. Giro, M. Giroletti, Andrea Giuliani, M. Gjaja, J.F. Glicenstein, P. Gliwny, H. Goksu, P. Goldoni, J.L. Gomez, M.M. Gonzalez, Juan Manuel Gonzalez, K.S. Gothe, D. Gotz Coelho, T. Grabarczyk, R. Graciani, P. Grandi, G. Grasseau, D. Grasso, D. Green, J. Green, T. Greenshaw, P. Grespan, A. Grillo, M.H. Grondin, J. Grube, V. Guarino, B. Guest, O. Gueta, M. Günduz, S. Gunji, G. Gyuk, J. Hackfeld, D. Hadasch, L. Hagge, A. Hahn, J.E. Hajlaoui, A. Halim, P. Hamal, W. Hanlon, Y. Harada, M.J. Hardcastle, M. Harvey Collado, T. Haubold, A. Haupt, M. Havelka, K. Hayashi, M. Hayashida, H. He, L. Heckmann, M. Heller, F. Henault, Gilles Henri, G. Hermann, S. Hernández Cadena, J. Herrera Llorente, O. Hervet, J. Hinton, A. Hiramatsu, K. Hirotani, B. Hnatyk, R. Hnatyk, J.K. Hoang, D. H.H. Hoffmann, C. Hoischen, J. Holder, M. Holler, B. Hona, D. Horan, Dieter Horns, P. Horvath, J. Houles, M. Hrabovsky, D. Hrupec, Y. Huang, J.‑M. Huet, G. Hughes, G. Hull, T.B. Humensky, M. Hütten, M. Iarlori, J.M. Illa, R. Imazawa, T. Inada, F. Incardona, A. Ingallinera, S. Inoue, T. Inoue, Y. Inoue, F. Iocco, K. Ioka, M. Ionica, S. Iovenitti, A. Iriarte, K. Ishio, W. Ishizaki, Y. Iwamura, J. Jacquemier, M. Jacquemont, M. Jamrozy, P. Janecek, F. Jankowsky, A. JardinBlicq, C. Jarnot, P. Jean Martínez, L. Jocou, N. Jordana, M. Josselin, I. JungRichardt, F.J.P.A. Junqueira, C. Juramy Gilles, P. Kaaret, L.H.S. Kadowaki, M. Kagaya, R. Kankanyan, D. Kantzas, V. Karas, A. Karastergiou, S. Karkar, J. Kasperek, H. Katagiri, J. Kataoka, K. Katarzynski, S. Katsuda, N. Kawanaka, D. Kazanas, D. Kerszberg, B. Khélifi, M.C. Kherlakian, T.P. Kian, D.B. Kieda, T. Kihm, S. Kim, S. Kisaka, R. Kissmann, R. Kleijwegt, G. Kluge, W. Kluźniak, J. Knapp, A. Kobakhidze, Y. Kobayashi, B. Koch, J. Kocot, K. Kohri, N. Komin, A. Kong, K. Kosack, F. Krack, M. Krause, F. Krennrich, H. Kubo, V. N. Kudryavtsev, S. Kunwar, J. Kushida, P. Kushwaha, Barbera Parola, G. La Rosa, R. Lahmann, A. Lamastra, M. Landoni, D. Landriu, R.G. Lang, J. Lapington, P. Laporte, P. Lason, J. Lasuik, J. Lazendic Galloway, T. Le Flour, P. Le Sidaner, S. Leach, S.H. Lee, W.H. Lee, S. Lee Oliveira, A. Lemiere, M. Lemoine Goumard, J.P. Lenain, F. Leone, V. Leray, G. Leto, F. Leuschner, R. Lindemann, E. Lindfors, L. Linhoff, I. Liodakis, A. Lipniacka, M. Lobo, Thomas Lohse, S. Lombardi, A. Lopez, M. Lopez, R. Lopez Coto, F. Louis, M. Louys, F. Lucarelli, H. Ludwig Boudi, P.L. Luque Escamilla, M.C. Maccarone, E. Mach, A.J. Maciejewski, J. Mackey, P. Maeght, C. Maggio, G. Maier, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, R. Malta Nunes de Almeida, D. Malyshev, D. Mandat, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, P. Manigot, K. Mannheim, N. Maragos, D. Marano, M. Marconi, A. Marcowith, M. Marculewicz, B. Marcun, J. Marin, N. Marinello, P. Marinos, S. Markoff, P. Marquez, G. Marsella, J. M. Martin, P. G. Martin, M. Martinez, G. Martinez, O. Martinez, H. Martinez Huerta, C. Marty, R. Marx, N. Masetti, P. Massimino, H. Matsumoto, N. Matthews, G. Maurin, W. Max Moerbeck, N. Maxted, M.N. Mazziotta, S.M. Mazzola, J.D. Mbarubucyeye, L. Mc Comb, I. McHardy, S. McKeague, S. McMuldroch, E. Medina, D. Medina Miranda, A. Melandri, C. Melioli, D. Melkumyan, S. Menchiari, S. Mereghetti, G. Merino Arevalo, E. Mestre, J.L. Meunier, T. Meures, S. Micanovic, M. Miceli, M. Michailidis, J. Michalowski, T. Miener, I. Mievre, J. D. Miller, T. Mineo, M. Minev, J.M. Miranda, A. Mitchell, T. Mizuno, B. A. Mode, R. Moderski, L. Mohrmann, E. Molinari, T. Montaruli, I. Monteiro, C. Moore, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende Parrilla, E. Moretti, K. Mori, P. Moriarty, K. Morik, P. Morris, A. Morselli, K. Mosshammer, R. Mukherjee, J. Muller, C. Mundell, J. Mundet, T. Murach, A. Muraczewski, H. Muraishi, I. Musella, A. Musumarra, A. Nagai, S. Nagataki, T. Naito, T. Nakamori, K. Nakashima, K. Nakayama, N. Nakhjiri, G. Naletto, D. Naumann, L. Nava, M.A. Nawaz, H. Ndiyavala, D. Neise, L. Nellen, R. Nemmen, N. Neyroud, K. Ngernphat, T. Nguyen Trung, L. Nicastro, L. Nickel, J. Niemiec, D. Nieto, C. Nigro, M. Nikołajuk, D. Ninci, K. Noda, Y. Nogami, S. Nolan, R. P. Norris, D. Nosek, M. Nöthe, V. Novotny, S. Nozaki, F. Nunio, P. O'Brien, K. Obara, Y. Ohira, M. Ohishi, S. Ohm, T. Oka, N. Okazaki, A. Okumura, C. Oliver, G. Olivera, B. Olmi, M. Orienti, R. Orito, M. Orlandini, E. Orlando, J.P. Osborne, M. Ostrowski, N. Otte, E. Ovcharov, E. Owen, I. Oya, A. Ozieblo, M. Padovani, A. Pagliaro, A. Paizis, M. Palatiello, M. Palatka, E. Palazzi, J.‑L. Panazol, D. Paneque, S. Panny, Francesca Romana Pantaleo, M. Panter, M. Paolillo, A. Papitto, A. Paravac, J.M. Paredes, G. Pareschi, N. Parmiggiani, R.D. Parsons, P. Paśko, S. R. Patel, B. Patricelli, L. Pavletic, S. Pavy, A. Peer, M. Pecimotika, M.G. Pellegriti, P. Peñil Del Campo, A. Pepato, S. Perard, C. Perennes, M. Peresano, A. Perez Aguilera, J. Perez Romero, M.A. Perez Torres, M. Persic, P. O. Petrucci, O. Petruk, B. Peyaud, K. Pfrang, E. Pian, P. Piatteli, E. Pietropaolo, R. Pillera, D. Pimentel, F. Pintore, C. Pio Garcia, G. Pirola, F. Piron, S. Pita, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, A. Pollo, M. Polo, C. Pongkitivanichkul, J. Porthault, J. Powell, D. Pozo, R.R. Prado, E. Prandini, J. Prast, K. Pressard, G. Principe, N. Produit, D. Prokhorov, H. Prokoph, H. Przybilski, E. Pueschel, G. Pühlhofer, I. Puljak, M.L. Pumo, M. Punch, F. Queiroz, J. Quinn, A. Quirrenbach, P.J. Rajda, R. Rando, S. Razzaque, S. Recchia, P. Reichherzer, O. Reimer, A. Reisenegger, Q. Remy, M. Renaud, T. Reposeur, B. Reville, J.M. Reymond, J. Reynolds, D. Ribeiro, M. Ribo, G. Richards, J. Rico, F. Rieger, L. Riitano, M. Riquelme, D. Riquelme, S. Rivoire, V. Rizi, E. Roache, M. Roche, J. Rodriguez, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, J.C. Rodriguez Ramirez, J.J. Rodriguez Vazquez, G. Rojas, P. Romano, G. Romeo Lobato, C. Romoli, M. Roncadelli, J. Rosado, A. Rosales de Leon, G. Rowell, A. Rugliancich, J.E. Ruiz del Mazo, C. Rulten, C. Russell, F. Russo Hatlen, S. Safi Harb, L. Saha, V. Sahakian, S. Sailer, T. Saito, N. Sakaki, S. Sakurai, G. Salina, H. Salzmann, D. Sanchez, H. Sandaker, A. Sandoval, P. Sangiorgi, M. Sanguillon, H. Sano, M. Santander, A. Santangelo, R. Santos Lima, A. Sanuy, L. Sapozhnikov, T. Saric, S. Sarkar, H. Sasaki, N. Sasaki, Y. Sato, F.G. Saturni, M. Sawada, J. Schaefer, A. Scherer, J. Scherpenberg, P. Schipani, B. Schleicher, J. Schmoll, M. Schneider, H. Schoorlemmer, P. Schovanek, F. Schussler, B. Schwab, U. Schwanke, J. Schwarz, E. Sciacca, S. Scuderi, M. Seglar Arroyo, I. Seitenzahl, D. Semikoz, O. Sergijenko, J.E. Serna Franco, Karol Seweryn, V. Sguera, A. Shalchi, R.Y. Shang, P. Sharma, L. Sidoli, J. Sieiro, H. Siejkowski, A. Sillanpaa, B.B. Singh, K.K. Singh, A. Sinha, C. Siqueira, J. Sitarek, P. Sizun, V. Sliusar, D. Sobczynska, R.W. Sobrinho, H. Sol, G. Sottile, H. Spackman, S. Spencer, G. Spengler, D. Spiga, W. Springer, A. Stamerra, S. Stanic, R. Starling, Ł. Stawarz, Stanislav Stefanik, C. Stegmann, A. Steiner, S. Steinmassl, C. Stella, R. Sternberger, M. Sterzel, C. Stevens, B. Stevenson, T. Stolarczyk, G. Stratta, U. Straumann, J. Striskovic, M. Strzys, R. Stuik, M. Suchenek, Y. Sunada, Tiina Suomijarvi, T. Suric, H. Suzuki, P. Swierk, T. Szepieniec, K. Tachihara, G. Tagliaferri, H. Tajima, N. Tajima, D. Tak, H. Takahashi, M. Takahashi, J. Takata, R. Takeishi, T. Tam, M. Tanaka, T. Tanaka, S. Tanaka, M. Tavani, F. Tavecchio, T. Tavernier, A. Russ Taylor, L.A. Tejedor, P. Temnikov, K. Terauchi, J.C. Terrazas, R. Terrier, T. Terzic, M. Teshima, D. Thibaut, F. Thocquenne, W. Tian, L. Tibaldo, A. Tiengo, M. Tluczykont, C.J. Todero Peixoto, K. Toma, L. Tomankova, J. Tomastik, M. Tornikoski, D.F. Torres, E. Torresi, G. Tosti, L. Tosti, N. Tothill, F. Toussenel, G. Tovmassian, C. Trichard, M. Trifoglio, A. Trois, S. Truzzi, A. Tsiahina, B. Turk, A. Tutone, Y. Uchiyama, P. Utayarat, L. Vaclavek, M. Vacula, V. Vagelli, F. Vagnetti, J.A. Valdivia, M. Valentino, A. Valio, B. Vallage, P. Vallania Quispe, A.M. van den Berg, W. van Driel, C. van Eldik, C. van Rensburg, Brian van Soelen, J. Vandenbroucke, G. Vasileiadis, V. Vassiliev, M. Vazquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, A. Vega, J. Veh, P. Veitch, C. Venter, S. Ventura, S. Vercellone, V. Verguilov, G. Verna, S. Vernetto, V. Verzi, G.P. Vettolani, C. Veyssiere, I. Viale, A. Viana, N. Viaux, J. Vignatti, C.F. Vigorito, J. Villanueva, V. Vitale, V. Vittorini, V. Vodeb, N. Vogel, V. Voisin, S. Vorobiov, M. Vrastil, T. Vuillaume, S.J. Wagner, P. Wagner, K. Wakazono, S.P. Wakely, M. Ward, D. Warren, J. Watson, M. Wechakama, P. Wegner, A. Weinstein, C. Weniger, F. Werner, H. Wetteskind, M. L. White, A. Wierzcholska, S. Wiesand, R. Wijers, M. Wilkinson, M. Will, J. Williams, T. J. Williamson, A. Wolter, Y.W. Wong, M. Wood, T. Yamamoto, H. Yamamoto, Y. Yamane, R. Yamazaki, S. Yanagita, L. Yang, S. Yoo, T. Yoshida, T. Yoshikoshi, P. Yu, A. Yusafzai, Michael Zacharias, B. Zaldivar, L. Zampieri, R. Zanin, R. Zanmar Sanchez, D. Zaric, M. Zavrtanik, D. Zavrtanik, Andrzej Zdziarski, A. Zech, H. Zechlin, A. Zenin, A. Zerwekh, K. Ziętara, A. Zink, J. Ziolkowski, M. Zivec, A. Zmija, Współautorami artykułu są członkowie CTA Observatory, CTA Consortium i LST Collaboration w liczbie 1139, Astronomy, Research unit Nuclear & Hadron Physics, and Research unit Astroparticle Physics

Subjects
Physics, Observatory, Gamma ray, Astronomy
Abstract

Very-high Energy (VHE) gamma-ray astroparticle physics is a relatively young field, and observations over the past decade have surprisingly revealed almost two hundred VHE emitters which appear to act as cosmic particle accelerators. These sources are an important component of the Universe, influencing the evolution of stars and galaxies. At the same time, they also act as a probe of physics in the most extreme environments known - such as in supernova explosions, and around or after the merging of black holes and neutron stars. However, the existing experiments have provided exciting glimpses, but often falling short of supplying the full answer. A deeper understanding of the TeV sky requires a significant improvement in sensitivity at TeV energies, a wider energy coverage from tens of GeV to hundreds of TeV and a much better angular and energy resolution with respect to the currently running facilities. The next generation gamma-ray observatory, the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO), is the answer to this need. In this talk I will present this upcoming observatory from its design to the construction, and its potential science exploitation. CTAO will allow the entire astronomical community to explore a new discovery space that will likely lead to paradigm-changing breakthroughs. In particular, CTA has an unprecedented sensitivity to short (sub-minute) timescale phenomena, placing it as a key instrument in the future of multi-messenger and multi-wavelength time domain astronomy. I will conclude the talk presenting the first scientific results obtained by the LST-1, the prototype of one CTAO telescope type - the Large-Sized Telescope, that is currently under commission., PoS: Proceedings of Science, 395, ISSN:1824-8039, Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2021)

Published
2022

7. Observation of the Cumbre Vieja volcano plume above the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos with the Barcelona Raman LIDAR

Author

M Živec, O Ballester, O Blanch, J Boix, P G Calisse, A Campoy Ordaz, M Doro, L Font, R Garcia, M Gaug, R Grau, M Martinez, D Roman, S Stanič, S Ubach Ramirez, and M Zavrtanik

Subjects
History, Computer Science Applications, Education
Abstract

The Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO), currently under construction, is the next-generation very-high-energy gamma-ray observatory, providing the coverage for photons in the energy range 20GeV to 300TeV. CTAO will increase detection sensitivity in the 100 GeV to 10TeV range by a factor of 5 — 10 with respect to present experiments. CTAO retrieves the properties of very-high-energy gamma-rays by measuring Cherenkov light emitted by atmospheric showers of secondary particles that incident gamma rays produce in upper layers of the atmosphere. The key for reaching the required energy measurement accuracy is a precise knowledge of the atmospheric transmittance for Cherenkov light, which can be obtained using a dedicated Raman LIDAR. The device should operate at 355nm (near the maximum of Cherenkov light spectrum) and have the capability of taking data at specific azimuth and zenith angles up to distances of 30 km, so that atmospheric transmission along all possible air-shower directions can be determined. The Barcelona Raman LIDAR (BRL) is the official CTAO Pathfinder prototype, developed for atmospheric characterization of the Northern CTAO Site at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos (ORM) on the Canary island of La Palma. BRL was deployed at ORM for extensive on-field tests between February 2021 and May 2022. We report on the commissioning results, including the remote operation capabilities of the system and its contribution to the understanding of atmospheric phenomena during its deployment period. In particular, we report on the properties of the volcanic plume from the eruption of the Cumbre Vieja volcano on 22 September 2021.

Published
2022

8. Measurement of the Stray Light in the Advanced Virgo Input Mode Cleaner Cavity using an instrumented baffle

Author

O Ballester, O Blanch, L Cardiel, M Cavalli-Sforza, A Chiummo, C García, J M Illa, C Karathanasis, M Kolstein, M Martínez, A Menéndez-Vázquez, Ll M Mir, J Mundet, A Romero-Rodríguez, D Serrano, and H Yamamoto

Subjects
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

A new instrumented baffle was installed in Spring 2021 at Virgo surrounding the suspended mirror in the input mode cleaner triangular cavity. It serves as a demonstrator of the technology designed to instrument the baffles in the main arms in the near future. We present, for the first time, results on the measured scattered light distribution inside the cavity as determined by the new device using data collected between May and July 2021, with Virgo in commissioning phase and operating with an input laser power in the cavity of 28.5~W. The sensitivity of the baffle is discussed and the data is compared to scattered light simulations., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, 1 table

Published
2021
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9. Raman LIDARs for the atmospheric calibration along the line-of-sight of the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author

Johan Bregeon, Manel Martinez, Marko Zavrtanik, Markus Gaug, Raul Ramos, Oscar Martinez, Pere Munar Adrover, Oscar Blanch, Vania Da Deppo, O. Gabella, Rafael Garcia, C. Maggio, J. Boix, G. Vasileiadis, O. Ballester, ıdıka Merve Çolak, Michele Doro, Samo Stanič, Lluis Font, David Villar, Patrick Brun, Stephane Rivoire, Longlong Wang, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), and Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Cherenkov Telescope Array, data acquisition, energy resolution, 7. Clean energy, symbols.namesake, Data acquisition, Observatory, site, Calibration, liquid, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], mirror, Cherenkov radiation, Remote sensing, Line-of-sight, Spectrometer, imaging, sensitivity, calibration, buildings, observatory, Cherenkov counter, gamma ray: VHE, 13. Climate action, atmosphere, symbols, readout, Environmental science, spectrometer, Raman spectroscopy, performance, on-line
Abstract

International audience; The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the next generation ground-based observatory for gamma-ray astronomy at very-high energies. Employing more than 100 (north and south sites) Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes in the northern and southern hemispheres, it was designed to reach unprecedented sensitivity and energy resolution. Understanding and correcting for systematic biases on the absolute energy scale and instrument response functions will be a cru- cial issue for the performance of CTA. The Montpellier group and the Spanish/Italian/Slovenian collaboration are currently building two Raman LIDAR prototypes for the online atmospheric cal- ibration along the line-of-sight of the CTA. Requirements for such a solution include the ability to characterize aerosol extinction at two wavelengths to distances up to 30 km with an accuracy better than 5%, within exposure time scales of about a minute, steering capabilities and close interaction with the CTA array control and data acquisition system as well as other auxiliary in- struments. Our Raman LIDARs have design features that make them different from those used in atmospheric science and are characterized by large collecting mirrors (∼2.5 m2), liquid light- guides that collect the light at the focal plane and transport it to the readout system, reduced acquisition time and highly precise Raman spectrometers. The Raman LIDARs will participate in a cross-calibration and characterization campaign of the atmosphere at the CTA North site at La Palma, together with other site characterization instruments. After a one-year test period there, an in-depth evaluation of the solutions adopted by the two projects will lead to a final Raman LIDAR design proposal for both CTA sites.

Published
2019
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10. The Physics of the Accelerating Universe Camera

Author

José M. Illa, Enrique Fernández, J. Carretero, Pau Tallada, M. Delfino, Carlos Díaz, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, Martin Crocce, Juan de Vicente, Francisco J. Castander, Javier Castilla, Juan Garcia-Bellido, A. Alarcon, Martin Eriksen, Luis Lopez, C. Neissner, Jelena Aleksić, S. Serrano, Cristóbal Pío, Pablo Fosalba, Laia Cardiel-Sas, Ramon Miquel, Nadia Tonello, Laura Cabayol, Cristobal Padilla, Ricard Casas, O. Ballester, Ferran Grañena, Pol Martí, Enrique Gaztanaga, J. Gaweda, E. J. Sanchez, and Jorge Jiménez

Subjects
Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Field of view, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Galaxy, Redshift, Photometry (optics), Cardinal point, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, William Herschel Telescope, Galaxy formation and evolution, Spectral energy distribution, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The PAU (Physics of the Accelerating Universe) Survey goal is to obtain photometric redshifts (photo-z) and Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) of astronomical objects with a resolution roughly one order of magnitude better than current broad band photometric surveys. To accomplish this, a new large field of view camera (PAUCam) has been designed, built, commissioned and is now operated at the William Herschel Telescope (WHT). With the current WHT Prime Focus corrector, the camera covers ~1-degree diameter Field of View (FoV), of which, only the inner ~40 arcmin diameter are unvignetted. The focal plane consists of a mosaic of 18 2k$x4k Hamamatsu fully depleted CCDs, with high quantum efficiency up to 1 micrometers in wavelength. To maximize the detector coverage within the FoV, filters are placed in front of the CCDs inside the camera cryostat (made out of carbon fiber) using a challenging movable tray system. The camera uses a set of 40 narrow band filters ranging from ~4500 to ~8500 Angstroms complemented with six standard broad-band filters, ugrizY. The PAU Survey aims to cover roughly 100 square degrees over fields with existing deep photometry and galaxy shapes to obtain accurate photometric redshifts for galaxies down to i_AB~22.5, detecting also galaxies down to i_AB~24 with less precision in redshift. With this data set we will be able to measure intrinsic alignments, galaxy clustering and perform galaxy evolution studies in a new range of densities and redshifts. Here, we describe the PAU camera, its first commissioning results and performance., 34 pages, 55 figures

Published
2019

11. The Dark Energy Survey Data Release 1

Author

M. W. G. Johnson, M. Baumer, Tesla E. Jeltema, Eric H. Neilsen, Peter Nugent, Martin Crocce, S. Hamilton, M. Smith, Antonella Palmese, Nora Shipp, Eli S. Rykoff, F. Nogueira, L. Baruah, Daniel Gruen, Daniel Scolnic, Brian Nord, M. A. G. Maia, Brian Yanny, Matthias Klein, J. Song, R. R. Gupta, Yanxi Zhang, Arya Farahi, J. Carretero, M. March, Basilio X. Santiago, Tamara M. Davis, Shantanu Desai, Gary S. Da Costa, Jochen Weller, T. F. Eifler, Daniel A. Goldstein, J. M. Hislop, Joseph J. Mohr, R. C. Thomas, Erin Sheldon, David Brooks, M. E. C. Swanson, A. Porredon, A. Carnero Rosell, A. Saro, D. W. Gerdes, Xi Chen, Attila Kovács, Eric Morganson, R. C. Wolf, J. P. Dietrich, A. Kremin, T. M. C. Abbott, Richard G. McMahon, Jeremy Mould, J. D. Maloney, Jacobo Asorey, A. Benoit-Lévy, Hiranya V. Peiris, Ofer Lahav, Vinu Vikram, J. Lasker, E. J. Sanchez, B. Flaugher, S. Juneau, Risa H. Wechsler, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, Alistair R. Walker, A. A. Plazas, Ryan J. Foley, M. Carrasco Kind, W. C. Wester, Jennifer L. Marshall, D. L. Burke, Adam Amara, A. Scott, M.L. Sánchez, Jonathan Blazek, C. B. D'Andrea, Marcelle Soares-Santos, R. C. Smith, S. E. Kuhlmann, Ashley J. Ross, Robert C. Nichol, Ben Hoyle, G. Daues, M. Gower, C. J. Miller, M. D. Johnson, Wayne A. Barkhouse, Samuel Hinton, Felipe Menanteau, Kevin Reil, L. Nunes, F. Paz-Chinchón, David J. James, Tenglin Li, Scott Dodelson, Santiago Avila, Ann Elliott, Chihway Chang, T. Kacprzak, G. Tarle, Knut Olsen, R. Das, Ramon Miquel, Lyndsay Old, Juan Garcia-Bellido, E. Bertin, A. Roodman, Tommaso Giannantonio, Carlos E. Cunha, J. Poh, Pablo Fosalba, Enrique Gaztanaga, G. Gutierrez, J. DeRose, J. J. Thaler, Enrique Fernández, Will J. Percival, S. Allam, Paul M. Ricker, A. Pujol, Robert A. Gruendl, V. Scarpine, Andrew B. Pace, R. P. Rollins, K. Honscheid, Timothy A. McKay, Darren L. DePoy, G. Khullar, R. T. Li, Joe Zuntz, Alex Drlica-Wagner, R. Nikutta, Francisco J. Castander, C. Pond, Douglas L. Tucker, Don Petravick, W. G. Hartley, A. K. Vivas, R. Cawthon, Riccardo Campisano, D. A. Finley, D. Brout, Karl Glazebrook, Dragan Huterer, Peter Melchior, Elisabeth Krause, Mark Sullivan, Kyler Kuehn, V. C. Busti, P. Rooney, C. J. Conselice, Huan Lin, Marc Manera, J. Annis, Sebastian Bocquet, A. M. G. Koziol, M. L. Silveira, M. Fitzpatrick, Andrew R. Liddle, Alfredo Zenteno, O. Ballester, Steve Kent, Daniel Thomas, E. Buckley-Geer, Michael Troxel, A. K. Romer, Paul Martini, A. Fausti Neto, Keith Bechtol, C. Davis, J. Gschwend, Gary Bernstein, Hao-Yi Wu, Peter Doel, H. T. Diehl, J. De Vicente, J. P. Marriner, M. S. S. Gill, E. Suchyta, Niall MacCrann, August E. Evrard, Alexandre Refregier, Douglas N. Friedel, Albert Stebbins, M. Banerji, Joshua A. Frieman, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, J. A. Smith, T. McClintock, N. Kuropatkin, L. N. da Costa, Laia Cardiel-Sas, M. Sako, D. L. Hollowood, S. Serrano, David L. Nidever, Marcos Lima, Richard G. Kron, P. Lopez-Reyes, Filipe B. Abdalla, Bhuvnesh Jain, Matthew R. Becker, Flavia Sobreira, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), DES, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOAO Data Lab, Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Amara, A., Annis, J., Asorey, J., Avila, S., Ballester, O., Banerji, M., Barkhouse, W., Baruah, L., Baumer, M., Bechtol, K., Becker, M. R., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bernstein, G. M., Bertin, E., Blazek, J., Bocquet, S., Brooks, D., Brout, Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Busti, V., Campisano, R., Cardiel-Sas, L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cawthon, R., Chang, C., Chen, X., Conselice, C., Costa, G., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Das, R., Daues, G., Davis, T. M., Davis, C., De Vicente, J., Depoy, D. L., Derose, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Dodelson, S., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eifler, T. F., Elliott, A. E., Evrard, A. E., Farahi, A., Fausti Neto, A., Fernandez, E., Finley, D. A., Flaugher, B., Foley, R. J., Fosalba, P., Friedel, D. N., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Giannantonio, T., Gill, M. S. S., Glazebrook, K., Goldstein, D. A., Gower, M., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gupta, R. R., Gutierrez, G., Hamilton, S., Hartley, W. G., Hinton, S. R., Hislop, J. M., Hollowood, D., Honscheid, K., Hoyle, B., Huterer, D., Jain, B., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Johnson, M. W. G., Johnson, M. D., Kacprzak, T., Kent, S., Khullar, G., Klein, M., Kovacs, A., Koziol, A. M. G., Krause, E., Kremin, A., Kron, R., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lasker, J., Li, T. S., Li, R. T., Liddle, A. R., Lima, M., Lin, H., López-Reyes, P., Maccrann, N., Maia, M. A. G., Maloney, J. D., Manera, M., March, M., Marriner, J., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Mcclintock, T., Mckay, T., Mcmahon, R. G., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Morganson, E., Mould, J., Neilsen, E., Nichol, R. C., Nogueira, F., Nord, B., Nugent, P., Nunes, L., Ogando, R. L. C., Old, L., Pace, A. B., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchón, F., Peiris, H. V., Percival, W. J., Petravick, D., Plazas, A. A., Poh, J., Pond, C., Porredon, A., Pujol, A., Refregier, A., Reil, K., Ricker, P. M., Rollins, R. P., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Rooney, P., Ross, A. J., Rykoff, E. S., Sako, M., Sanchez, M. L., Sanchez, E., Santiago, B., Saro, A., Scarpine, V., Scolnic, D., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sheldon, E., Shipp, N., Silveira, M. L., Smith, M., Smith, R. C., Smith, J. A., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Song, J., Stebbins, A., Suchyta, E., Sullivan, M., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thaler, J., Thomas, D., Thomas, R. C., Troxel, M. A., Tucker, D. L., Vikram, V., Vivas, A. K., Walker, A. R., Wechsler, R. H., Weller, J., Wester, W., Wolf, R. C., Wu, H., Yanny, B., Zenteno, A., Zhang, Y., Zuntz, J., Des, Collaboration, Juneau, S., Fitzpatrick, M., Nikutta, R., Nidever, D., Olsen, K., Scott, A., and NOAO Data, Lab

Subjects
Astronomical Objects, catalog, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], techniques: image processing, Astrophysics, astronomical databases: miscellaneous, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, photometric [techniques], techniques: photometric, law, Observatory, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysic, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Physics, image processing [techniques], observations [cosmology], sky survey, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, astro-ph.CO, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, sextractor, Data release, observation [cosmology], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, astro-ph.SR, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Aperture, astro-ph.GA, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, miscellaneou [astronomical databases], Telescope, surveys, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxie, 0103 physical sciences, survey, Astronomical And Space Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Physical Chemistry (Incl. Structural), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Organic Chemistry, representations, Astronomy and Astrophysics, miscellaneous [astronomical databases], angular masks, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Data set, catalogs, cosmology: observations, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Dark energy, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], astro-ph.IM
Abstract

We describe the first public data release of the Dark Energy Survey, DES DR1, consisting of reduced single epoch images, coadded images, coadded source catalogs, and associated products and services assembled over the first three years of DES science operations. DES DR1 is based on optical/near-infrared imaging from 345 distinct nights (August 2013 to February 2016) by the Dark Energy Camera mounted on the 4-m Blanco telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile. We release data from the DES wide-area survey covering ~5,000 sq. deg. of the southern Galactic cap in five broad photometric bands, grizY. DES DR1 has a median delivered point-spread function of g = 1.12, r = 0.96, i = 0.88, z = 0.84, and Y = 0.90 arcsec FWHM, a photometric precision of < 1% in all bands, and an astrometric precision of 151 mas. The median coadded catalog depth for a 1.95" diameter aperture at S/N = 10 is g = 24.33, r = 24.08, i = 23.44, z = 22.69, and Y = 21.44 mag. DES DR1 includes nearly 400M distinct astronomical objects detected in ~10,000 coadd tiles of size 0.534 sq. deg. produced from ~39,000 individual exposures. Benchmark galaxy and stellar samples contain ~310M and ~ 80M objects, respectively, following a basic object quality selection. These data are accessible through a range of interfaces, including query web clients, image cutout servers, jupyter notebooks, and an interactive coadd image visualization tool. DES DR1 constitutes the largest photometric data set to date at the achieved depth and photometric precision., 30 pages, 20 Figures. Release page found at this url https://des.ncsa.illinois.edu/releases/dr1

Published
2018
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12. ProtoDESI: First On-Sky Technology Demonstration for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

Author

Ann Elliott, Anthony Paat, José M. Illa, David J. Schlegel, Laia Cardiel, A. N. Robertson, W. Emmet, Michael Levi, Arjun Dey, Richard R. Joyce, David Rabinowitz, A. Lambert, Parker Fagrelius, Ronald G. Probst, Armin Karcher, Christian Soto, G. Tarle, D. Summers, Christopher J. Manser, Yutong Duan, Jorge Jiménez, Lori Allen, Joseph H. Silber, Behzad Abareshi, O. Ballester, Paul Martini, Michael Schubnell, David Sprayberry, Michael Lampton, C. Baltay, Stephen J. Kent, K. Honscheid, E. Buckley-Geer, C. M. Rockosi, Karen Butler, Robert Besuner, Benjamin A. Weaver, Kevin Reil, Irena Gershkovich, Santiago Serrano, and Robert Marshall

Subjects
Physics, media_common.quotation_subject, observational [methods], Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, telescopes, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, ) dark energy [(cosmology], Space and Planetary Science, Sky, 0103 physical sciences, Dark energy, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), miscellaneous [instrumentation], Astronomical and Space Sciences, media_common, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is under construction to measure the expansion history of the universe using the baryon acoustic oscillations technique. The spectra of 35 million galaxies and quasars over 14,000 square degrees will be measured during a 5-year survey. A new prime focus corrector for the Mayall telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory will deliver light to 5,000 individually targeted fiber-fed robotic positioners. The fibers in turn feed ten broadband multi-object spectrographs. We describe the ProtoDESI experiment, that was installed and commissioned on the 4-m Mayall telescope from August 14 to September 30, 2016. ProtoDESI was an on-sky technology demonstration with the goal to reduce technical risks associated with aligning optical fibers with targets using robotic fiber positioners and maintaining the stability required to operate DESI. The ProtoDESI prime focus instrument, consisting of three fiber positioners, illuminated fiducials, and a guide camera, was installed behind the existing Mosaic corrector on the Mayall telescope. A Fiber View Camera was mounted in the Cassegrain cage of the telescope and provided feedback metrology for positioning the fibers. ProtoDESI also provided a platform for early integration of hardware with the DESI Instrument Control System that controls the subsystems, provides communication with the Telescope Control System, and collects instrument telemetry data. Lacking a spectrograph, ProtoDESI monitored the output of the fibers using a Fiber Photometry Camera mounted on the prime focus instrument. ProtoDESI was successful in acquiring targets with the robotically positioned fibers and demonstrated that the DESI guiding requirements can be met., Comment: Accepted version

Published
2018

13. The PAU camera carbon fiber cryostat and filter interchange system

Author

Laia Cardiel-Sas, Cristobal Padilla, Ferran Grañena, O. Ballester, Luis Lopez, Ester Majà, and Francisco J. Castander

Subjects
Physics, Cryostat, Galactic astronomy, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Carbon fibers, Mechanical engineering, 01 natural sciences, Large sample, Optics, Filter (video), visual_art, 0103 physical sciences, William Herschel Telescope, visual_art.visual_art_medium, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

This paper describes the engineering and mechanical considerations in the design and construction of a carbon fiber containment vessel for a photometric camera. The camera is intended for installation on the 4 m William Herschel Telescope, located in Palma, Spain. The scientific objective of the camera system is to measure red-shifts of a large sample of galaxies using the photometric technique. The paper is broken down into sections, divided by the principal engineering challenges of the project; the carbon fiber vacuum vessel, the cooling systems and the precision movement systems.

Published
2016
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14. The PAU camera at the WHT

Author

Pol Martí, Christian Niessner, Ramon Miquel, Pablo Fosalba, Luis Lopez, Juan Garcia-Bellido, Martin Eriksen, Juan de Vicente, J. Carretero, Santiago Serrano, Jorge Jiménez, Javier Castilla, Laia Cardiel-Sas, Enrique Fernández, Martin Croce, Cristóbal Pío, Ricard Casas, Cales Hernández, Rafael Ponce, Nadia Tonello, M. Delfino, Enrique Gaztanaga, E. J. Sanchez, O. Ballester, Cristobal Padilla, I. Sevilla, and Ferran Grañena

Subjects
Physics, Galactic astronomy, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Field of view, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Galaxy, Redshift, Optics, Cardinal point, 0103 physical sciences, William Herschel Telescope, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Weak gravitational lensing
Abstract

The PAU (Physics of the Accelerating Universe) project goal is the study of dark energy with a new photometric technique aiming at obtaining photo-z resolution for Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs) roughly one order of magnitude better than current photometric surveys. To accomplish this, a new large field of view camera (PAUCam) has been built and commissioned at the William Herschel Telescope (WHT). With the current WHT corrector, the camera covers ~1 degree diameter Field of View (FoV). The focal plane consists of 18 2kx4k Hamamatsu fully depleted CCDs, with high quantum efficiency up to 1 μm. To maximize the detector coverage within the FoV, filters are placed in front of the CCD's inside the camera cryostat (made of carbon fiber material) using a challenging movable tray system. The camera uses a set of 40 narrow band filters ranging from ~4400 to ~8600 angstroms complemented with six standard broad-band filters, ugrizY. Here, we describe the camera and its first commissioning results. The PAU project aims to cover roughly 100 square degrees and to obtain accurate photometric redshifts for galaxies down to iAB ~ 22:5 detecting also galaxies down to iAB ~ 24 with less precision in redshift. With this data set we will obtain competitive constraints in cosmological parameters using both weak lensing and galaxy clustering as main observational probes.

Published
2016
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15. The dark energy camera

Author

P. Doel, A. A. Plazas, Kevin Reil, R. H. Schindler, J.-P. Rheault, Douglas L. Tucker, A. Roodman, Armin Karcher, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, L. Beaufore, B. Yanny, G. Gutierrez, R. Schmitt, H. Cease, Marco Bonati, G. Derylo, Katherine Schultz, K. Honscheid, Rebecca A. Bernstein, Curtis Weaverdyck, Robert J. Woods, Eric H. Neilsen, Josh Frieman, Jennifer L. Marshall, R. Flores, M. Jonas, J. Lee, Darren L. DePoy, S.E. Holland, O. Alvarez, Richard G. Kron, Jiangang Hao, John Peoples, H. T. Diehl, Terri Shaw, J. Emes, A. Sypniewski, D. Boprie, Donna Kubik, B. Flaugher, S. E. Kuhlmann, B. Bigelow, Juan Estrada, V. Scarpine, J. M. Cela-Ruiz, Michael Schubnell, R. Angstadt, Cheryl Jackson, David J. James, W. C. Wester, D. A. Finley, J. Rauch, K. Patton, K. Kuehn, Ann Elliott, Alex Drlica-Wagner, N. Palio, A. Lathrop, O. Ballester, F. Munoz, M. Antonik, K. Kuk, D. Huffman, T. M. C. Abbott, J. De Vicente, Ricardo Schmidt, O. Lahav, J. Campa, Michael D. Gladders, Steve Kent, Robert C. Nichol, J. Annis, Mark Kozlovsky, E. J. Sanchez, B. Gregory, G. Wang, Tianjun Li, Steve Chappa, E. Dede, M. G. Watson, C. Cooper, Robert Connon Smith, H. Rogers, Gary Bernstein, Jon J Thaler, Brian Nord, Jamieson Olsen, Natalie A. Roe, C. Tran, Javier Castilla, K. W. Merritt, W. Stuermer, Ramon Miquel, I. Karliner, Francisco J. Castander, G. Martinez, R. Tighe, David J. Brooks, Peter Lewis, G. Tarle, L. N. da Costa, A. Fausti Neto, L. Scott, Laia Cardiel-Sas, S. Serrano, Edward C. Chi, Richard Kessler, Michael Levi, A. Stefanik, E. Suchyta, J. Eiting, Alistair R. Walker, Marcelle Soares-Santos, Scott Holm, P. Schurter, I. Mandrichenko, E. Buckley-Geer, and D. W. Gerdes

Subjects
Cosmology and Gravitation, Aperture, FOS: Physical sciences, Field of view, Noise (electronics), law.invention, Telescope, WNU, Optics, surveys, law, Shutter, photometers [instrumentation], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), STFC, Physics, detectors [instrumentation], Pixel, business.industry, RCUK, Astronomy and Astrophysics, observations [cosmology], atlases, Cardinal point, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Focus (optics), catalogs, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

The Dark Energy Camera is a new imager with a 2.2-degree diameter field of view mounted at the prime focus of the Victor M. Blanco 4-meter telescope on Cerro Tololo near La Serena, Chile. The camera was designed and constructed by the Dark Energy Survey Collaboration, and meets or exceeds the stringent requirements designed for the wide-field and supernova surveys for which the collaboration uses it. The camera consists of a five element optical corrector, seven filters, a shutter with a 60 cm aperture, and a CCD focal plane of 250 micron thick fully-depleted CCDs cooled inside a vacuum Dewar. The 570 Mpixel focal plane comprises 62 2kx4k CCDs for imaging and 12 2kx2k CCDs for guiding and focus. The CCDs have 15 microns x15 microns pixels with a plate scale of 0.263 arc sec per pixel. A hexapod system provides state-of-the-art focus and alignment capability. The camera is read out in 20 seconds with 6-9 electrons readout noise. This paper provides a technical description of the camera's engineering, construction, installation, and current status., Comment: submitted to AJ Corresponding Authors H. T. Diehl (diehl@fnal.gov)

Published
2015
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16. Purging of Autologous Peripheral-Blood Stem Cells Using CD34 Selection Does Not Improve Overall or Progression-Free Survival After High-Dose Chemotherapy for Multiple Myeloma: Results of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

S. Noga, M. White, M. Benyunes, Heather Tully, O. Ballester, Jacinta Meharchard, R. Schlossman, Alexander Keith Stewart, R. Berenson, F. Sahebi, Hope S. Rugo, S. Tarantolo, C. G. Jacobs, Edward A. Stadtmauer, R. Brown, P. Stiff, G. Schiller, C. Freytes, R. Vescio, K. C. Anderson, J. Berenson, and John F. DiPersio

Subjects
Adult, Male, Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, CD34, Antigens, CD34, Antineoplastic Agents, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Disease-Free Survival, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Progression-free survival, Multiple myeloma, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Chemotherapy, business.industry, Bone Marrow Purging, Middle Aged, Neoplastic Cells, Circulating, medicine.disease, Combined Modality Therapy, Surgery, Survival Rate, Transplantation, Female, Stem cell, Multiple Myeloma, business, Progressive disease
Abstract

PURPOSE: Although high-dose chemotherapy supported by autologous peripheral-blood progenitor-cell (PBPC) transplantation improves response rates and survival for patients with multiple myeloma, all patients eventually develop progressive disease after transplantation. It has been hypothesized that depletion of malignant plasma cells from autografts may improve outcome by reducing infused cells contributing to relapse. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A randomized phase III study using the CEPRATE SC System (Cellpro, Bothell, WA) to enrich CD34+ autograft cells and passively purge malignant plasma cells was completed in 190 myeloma patients randomized to receive an autograft of CD34-selected or unselected PBPCs. RESULTS: After CD34 selection, tumor burden was reduced by 1.6 to 6.0 logs (median, 3.1), with 54% of CD34-enriched products having no detectable tumor. Median time to count recovery, number of transfusions, transplantation-related mortality, and days in hospital were equivalent between the two transplantation arms. With a median follow-up of 37 months, 33 patients (36%) in the selected and 34 patients (35%) in the unselected arm had died (P = .784). Median overall survival in the selected arm was reached at 50 months and is not reached at this time in the unselected arm (P = .78). Median disease-free survival was 100 versus 104 weeks (P = .82), with 67% of patients in the selected arm and 66% of patients in the unselected arm relapsing. CONCLUSION: This phase III trial demonstrates that although CD34 selection significantly reduces myeloma cell contamination in PBPC collections, no improvement in disease-free or overall survival was achieved.

Published
2001
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17. Development and Characterization of a Multi-APD Xenon Electroluminescence TPC

Author

I. Gil-Botella, R. Santorelli, N. Hamer, Federico Sanchez, C. Martin-Mari, J. Illa, O. Ballester, A. Verdugo, A. Garcia Soto, S. Bordoni, C. Palomares, G. Jover Mañas, J. Rico, and Thorsten Lux

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Time projection chamber, Materials science, APDS, business.industry, X-ray detector, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Avalanche photodiode, Particle detector, law.invention, Semiconductor detector, Photodiode, Xenon, Optics, chemistry, law, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

The performance of an electroluminescence (EL) Time Projection Chamber (TPC) with a multi avalanche photodiode (APD) readout was studied in pure xenon at 3.8 bar. Intercalibration and reconstruction methods were developed and applied to the data yielding energy resolutions as good as 5.3$\pm$0.1 \% FWHM for 59.5 keV gammas from $^{241}$Am. This result was reproduced with a Monte Carlo (MC) based on Geant4 and Penelope which predicted 5.2 \% FWHM for the used setup. Point resolutions of $\approx 0.5$ mm were obtained with a pitch of 15 mm between the APDs. These results show that multi-APD readout is a competitive technology for EL detectors filled with pure xenon., Comment: 27 pages, 23 figures, submitted to JINST, Rev. 18.12.2014

Published
2014
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18. A readout for electroluminescence TPCs based on avalanche photodiodes

Author

Thorsten Lux, Federico Sanchez, O. Ballester, J. Rico, R. Santorelli, Anabel Lostao, J. Illa, G. Jover Manas, and C. Martin-Mari

Subjects
Physics, Time projection chamber, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Dark matter, Detector, Resolution (electron density), chemistry.chemical_element, Electroluminescence, Avalanche photodiode, Tracking (particle physics), Xenon, Optics, chemistry, Physics::Space Physics, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

Electroluminescence (EL) detectors show an excellence performance in respect of energy resolution making them interesting for various applications as dark matter (DM) and double beta (DB) experiments, Compton and 'Y cameras and Xray fluorescence detectors. While the energy resolution of EL detectors is well studied, the knowledge about their tracking capabilities on larger scale is limited. In this paper the first results of a EL readout based on 25 avalanche photodiode (APD) is presented using a small high pressure time projection chamber (TPC) filled with xenon.

Published
2012
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19. PAU camera: detectors characterization

Author

Javier Castilla, O. Ballester, I. Sevilla, Juan de Vicente, Ricard Casas, Jorge Jiménez, Cristóbal Pío, M. Maiorino, and Laia Cardiel-Sas

Subjects
Physics, Photon, Optics, Cardinal point, Pixel, business.industry, Detector, William Herschel Telescope, Optoelectronics, Field of view, Photonics, business, Dark current
Abstract

The PAU Camera (PAUCam) [1,2] is a wide field camera that will be mounted at the corrected prime focus of the William Herschel Telescope (Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, Canary Islands, Spain) in the next months. The focal plane of PAUCam is composed by a mosaic of 18 CCD detectors of 2,048 x 4,176 pixels each one with a pixel size of 15 microns, manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics K. K. This mosaic covers a field of view (FoV) of 60 arcmin (minutes of arc), 40 of them are unvignetted. The behaviour of these 18 devices, plus four spares, and their electronic response should be characterized and optimized for the use in PAUCam. This job is being carried out in the laboratories of the ICE/IFAE and the CIEMAT. The electronic optimization of the CCD detectors is being carried out by means of an OG (Output Gate) scan and maximizing it CTE (Charge Transfer Efficiency) while the read-out noise is minimized. The device characterization itself is obtained with different tests. The photon transfer curve (PTC) that allows to obtain the electronic gain, the linearity vs. light stimulus, the full-well capacity and the cosmetic defects. The read-out noise, the dark current, the stability vs. temperature and the light remanence.

Published
2012
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20. The Dark Energy Camera readout system

Author

German Martinez, Jamieson Olsen, Javier Castilla, Todd Moore, V. Simaitis, O. Ballester, Scott Holm, W. Stuermer, Laia Cardiel-Sas, D. Huffman, Juan de Vicente, Mark Kozlovsky, Theresa Shaw, and Steve Chappa

Subjects
Telescope, Physics, Cardinal point, Optics, business.industry, law, Observatory, Dark energy, Electronics, business, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, law.invention
Abstract

The Dark Energy Camera (DECam) was developed for use by the Dark Energy Survey (DES). The camera will be installed in the Blanco 4M telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) and be ready for observations in the second half of 2012. The focal plane consists of 62 2×4K and 12 2×2K fully depleted CCDs. The camera provides a 3 sq. degree view and the survey will cover a 5000 sq. degree area. The camera cage and corrector have already been installed. The development of the electronics to readout the focal plane was a collaborative effort by multiple institutions in the United States and in Spain. The goal of the electronics is to provide readout at 250 kpixels/second with less than 15erms noise. Integration of these efforts and initial testing took place at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. DECam currently resides at CTIO and further testing has occurred in the Coude room of the Blanco. In this paper, we describe the development of the readout system, test results and the lessons learned.

Published
2012
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21. A motion control networked solution for the PAUCam slow control

Author

O. Ballester, Cristóbal Pío, C. Hernández-Ferrer, and M. Albareda-Sirvent

Subjects
business.industry, Profibus, Computer science, Real-time computing, Siemens, Electrical engineering, William Herschel Telescope, Motion controller, business, Actuator, Motion control, SiMotion
Abstract

PAUCam consists of an array of 18 red-sensitive CCDs of 4K x 2K pixels with a system of 36 narrow-band (10 nm) filters and 6 wide-band filters which will be installed at the William Herschel Telescope (WHT). PAUCam Slow Control (SC) is the working package of PAUCam in charge of implement all system motion control, sensors monitoring, actuators control and first security reaction. It is implemented using a Siemens Simotion D435 Motion Controller which controls all the motors and the connected profibus periphery.

Published
2012
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22. The PAU camera and the PAU survey at the William Herschel Telescope

Author

Francisco J. Castander, Carles Hernández, Juan de Vicente, Enrique Fernández, Martin Crocce, Pablo Fosalba, Javier Castilla, Santiago Serrano, E. J. Sanchez, Ferran Grañena, Rafael Ponce, Nadia Tonello, Enrique Gaztanaga, O. Ballester, I. Sevilla, J. Carretero, Luis Lopez, A. H. Bauer, C. Neissner, Ricard Casas, M. Delfino, Jorge Jiménez, Juan Garcia-Bellido, Laia Cardiel-Sas, Cristóbal Pío, Martin Eriksen, Pol Martí, Cristobal Padilla, and Ramon Miquel

Subjects
Physics, Optics, Galactic astronomy, business.industry, Filter (video), William Herschel Telescope, Dark energy, Astronomy, Field of view, business, Weak gravitational lensing, Galaxy, Redshift
Abstract

The Physics of the Accelerating Universe (PAU) is a project whose main goal is the study of dark energy. For this purpose, a new large field of view camera (the PAU Camera, PAUCam) is being built. PAUCam is designed to carry out a wide area imaging survey with narrow and broad band filters spanning the optical wavelength range. The PAU Camera is now at an advance stage of construction. PAUCam will be mounted at the prime focus of the William Herschel Telescope. With the current WHT corrector, it will cover a 1 degree diameter field of view. PAUCam mounts eighteen 2k×4k Hamamatsu fully depleted CCDs, with high quantum efficiency up to 1 μm. Filter trays are placed in front of the CCDs with a technologically challenging system of moving filter trays inside the cryostat. The PAU Camera will use a new set of 42 narrow band filters ranging from ~4400 to ~8600 angstroms complemented with six standard broad-band filters, ugrizY. With PAUCam at the WHT we will carry out a cosmological imaging survey in both narrow and broad band filters that will perform as a low resolution spectroscopic survey. With the current survey strategy, we will obtain accurate photometric redshifts for galaxies down to i AB ~22.5 detecting also galaxies down to i AB ~24 with less precision in redshift. With this data set we will obtain competitive constraints in cosmological parameters using both weak lensing and galaxy clustering as main observational probes.

Published
2012
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23. Design and implementation of a distributed system for the PAUCam camera control system

Author

N. Tonello, Cristóbal Pío, C. Hernández-Ferrer, O. Ballester, and S. Serrano

Subjects
Physics, Pixel, business.industry, law.invention, Telescope, Software, law, Control system, Embedded system, William Herschel Telescope, Software system, business, Computer hardware, Camera control
Abstract

PAUCam consists of an array of 18 red-sensitive CCDs of 4K x 2K pixels with a system of 36 narrow-band (10 nm) filters and 6 wide-band filters which will be installed at the William Herschel Telescope (WHT). The PAUCam Camera Control System (CCS) is the software system in charge of the coordination of the several subsystems to acquire exposures with PAUCam.

Published
2012
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24. Test benches facilities for PAUCam: CCDs and filters characterization

Author

Juan de Vicente, Ricard Casas, Ferran Grañena, I. Sevilla, Laia Cardiel-Sas, O. Ballester, M. Maiorino, Javier Castilla, and Jorge Jiménez

Subjects
Optical camera, Engineering, Test bench, Optics, business.industry, Filter (video), Electrical engineering, William Herschel Telescope, Electronics, Photonics, business, Dark current, Characterization (materials science)
Abstract

The PAUCam [1] is an optical camera with a 18 CCDs (Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.) mosaic and up to 42 narrow- and broad-band filters. It is foreseen to install it at the William Herschel Telescope (WHT) in the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, Canary Islands, Spain. As required by the camera construction, a couple of test bench facilities were developed, one in Madrid (CIEMAT) that is mainly devoted to CCDs read-out electronics development and filter characterization [2], and another in Barcelona (IFAE-ICE) that has as its main task to characterize the scientific CCDs in terms of Dark Current, CTE, QE, RON and many other parameters demanded by the scientific performance required. The full CCDs characterization test bench layout, its descriptions and some optical and mechanical characterization results are summarized in this paper.

Published
2012
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25. MIRADAS for the Gran Telescopio Canarias: System Overview

Author

J. Torra, J. Rosich, J. Illa, Peter Hammersley, Adam Fletcher, Hipatia V. Donoso, O. Ballester, Frank Varosi, Michael D. Herlevich, S. N. Raines, M. A. Carrera, Nicolás Cardiel, José M. Gómez, Paola Miller, Raymond Frommeyer, Jesús Gallego, Brian Chinn, Sidney Schofield, C. Murphey, N. Lasso, Stephen S. Eikenberry, Richard D. Stelter, C. Eliche, Sergio Pascual, John G. Bennett, J. Galipienzo, Claudia Vega, Alan Garner, Sophia A. Eikenberry, Craig Warner, Francisco Garzón, Jorge Jiménez, C. Vilar, Josep Sabater, Laia Cardiel-Sas, Chris Packham, Salvador Cuevas, Scott Mullin, and E. Ettedgui

Subjects
Gran Telescopio Canarias, Physics, Astrofísica, business.industry, Infrared telescope, Física atmosférica, High resolution, Astronomy, Medium resolution, Astronomía, Optics, Spectral resolution, business, Spectrograph
Abstract

The Mid-resolution InfRAreD Astronomical Spectrograph (MIRADAS, a near-infrared multi-object echelle spectrograph operating at spectral resolution R=20,000 over the 1-2.5 mu m bandpass) was selected in 2010 by the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) partnership as the next-generation near-infrared spectrograph for the world's largest optical/infrared telescope, and is being developed by an international consortium. The MIRADAS consortium includes the University of Florida, Universidad de Barcelona, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya and Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, as well as probe arm industrial partner A-V-S (Spain). In this paper, we review the overall system design for MIRADAS, as it nears Preliminary Design Review in the autumn of 2012.

Published
2012

26. The T2K Experiment

Author

J. Ilic, Ferran Grañena, Biagio Rossi, Hiroyuki Sekiya, J. Zmuda, A. Suzuki, T. Szeglowski, Soo-Bong Kim, S. Dytman, Kendall Mahn, J. Bouchez, Masashi Yokoyama, E. Delagnes, E. Poplawska, Thorsten Lux, M. Messina, Sy Suzuki, M. Murdoch, V. Kasey, M. Gonin, S. Gomi, A. V. Waldron, P. A. Rodrigues, K. Suzuki, Y. Takeuchi, L. Escudero, Kenichi Tanaka, J. Dobson, R. Langstaff, P. Vincent, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, J. Kubota, P. Paul, S. Yen, T. Yano, S. M. Oser, J. Caravaca Rodríguez, H.A. Tanaka, Shinya Yamada, K. Briggs, Minoru Otani, J. Statter, Joshua Hignight, Yoshihiro Suzuki, D. Ruterbories, Y. Seiya, M. Khaleeq, A. Le Coguie, Achim Stahl, M. A. Ward, A. S. Tadepalli, Hiroaki Aihara, P. N. Ratoff, T. Kutter, J. Schwehr, Kimihiro Okumura, J. M. Poutissou, C. Bronner, J.P. Mols, M. Boyer, Jean-Charles Vanel, A. K. Ichikawa, S. Herlant, S. Roth, R. E. Minvielle, W. Toki, C. Yanagisawa, M. Goldhaber, M. Zito, P. Cooke, D. G. Brook-Roberge, Luigi Salvatore Esposito, Kieran P. Ramos, T. C. Nicholls, O. Araoka, Henry W. Sobel, M. Fitton, T. M. Raufer, J. Lagoda, I. Kreslo, J. Escallier, P. Mijakowski, M. M. Khabibullin, J. Blocki, Andrew Marone, K. Nishikawa, D. Morris, Joseph Muratore, J. Carroll, K. Abe, R. Sacco, A. Terashima, C. McGrew, Y. Totsuka, Susumu Takahashi, Ioannis Giomataris, Gareth J. Barker, S. Murphy, C. Ohlmann, D. Richards, Y. Shimizu, W. Metcalf, C. K. Jung, J. L. Raaf, D. Kielczewska, M. Batkiewicz, A. Dabrowska, D. Allan, N. West, I. Kato, C. Andreopoulos, G. Nagashima, S. Horikawa, T. Lindner, P. Amaudruz, Y. Obayashi, C. Densham, T. Wongjirad, L. L. Kormos, D. Ross, A. Delbart, T. Ishida, T. Boussuge, M. A. George, Toru Ogitsu, Hiroyuki Kawamuko, M. J. Wilking, K. Mizouchi, S. Chollet, S. L. Cartwright, Takaaki Kajita, G. D. Lopez, Ping Lu, Dmitriy Beznosko, Julien Schmidt, F. Retiere, P. Kitching, M. Iwasaki, C. Bojechko, J. P. Coleman, K. Hamano, Kevin Connolly, J. Steinmann, Jan T. Sobczyk, I. Mercer, T. Tsukamoto, J. Kisiel, H. G. Berns, Hidetoshi Kubo, M. Taguchi, Viktor Matveev, V. Galymov, K. Laihem, A. Zalewska, J. Gaweda, Federico Sanchez, Hirokatsu Ohhata, Y. Fukuda, D. Autiero, Norio Higashi, K. Gilje, A. Gendotti, R. G. Calland, K. Mavrokoridis, F. d. M. Blaszczyk, A. Robert, M. Noy, E. Radicioni, A. Bodek, K. Nitta, Marek Stodulski, M. O. Wascko, E. Kearns, K. Zaremba, F. Nizery, D. Naples, B. A. Popov, J. Wendland, E. L. Mathie, B. Ellison, A. Izmaylov, M. Goyette, U. Dore, A. Thorley, A. Korzenev, Atsushi Takeda, T. Maryon, J. Doornbos, M. Ieva, S. W. Sadler, R. Tacik, Alexander Finch, O. Ballester, M. Le Ross, D. L. Wark, M. Siyad, C. Matsumura, D. Payne, M. Y. Pac, Michael Roney, R. Flight, S. B. Boyd, G. Jover-Manas, A. Carver, M. Miura, T. Ozaki, T. Hasegawa, S. Mine, A. Debraine, P. Wanderer, J. J. Gomez-Cadenas, Yoshinari Hayato, T. Ishii, Kate Scholberg, M. Hartz, B. Kirby, K. Hayashi, J. L. Stone, S. Manly, J. Steffens, E. Mazzucato, G. F. Pearce, Nadeem A. Khan, P. Schaack, K. Koseki, K. Kaneyuki, S. Nakayama, Y. Kouzuma, R.P. Kurjata, S. W. Bentham, J. P. Charrier, K. Kowalik, T. Okusawa, D. Warner, W. Faszer, T. Hara, A. Sarrat, S. Short, J. P. A. M. de André, N. C. Hastings, P. Plonski, A. D. Marino, S. W. K. Emery, C. J. Malafis, A. N. Khotjantsev, M. Barbi, B. Jamieson, M. M. Tanaka, N. Kimura, S. Y. Suzuki, I. Z. Danko, A. Bravar, T. Dealtry, C. Fisher, Y. Kurimoto, P. Guzowski, Y. Fujii, M. Szeptycka, R. Poutissou, K. Ieki, M. Ikeda, W. Coleman, André Rubbia, G. Sheffer, T. Durkin, J. D. Perkin, C. Licciardi, Rituparna Das, D. Karlen, D. Smith, O. Star, K. Tashiro, J. Brinson, Koh Ueno, P. Sutcliffe, Hs Budd, I. Taylor, J. Myslik, J. F. van Schalkwyk, Katsuyu Kasami, P. Masliah, M. Vagins, V. Tvaskis, R. J. Wilkes, R. Openshaw, Michael Anerella, R. Castillo, Yuichi Oyama, F. Bay, F. Di Lodovico, M. Tada, L. Bartoszek, Masato Shiozawa, A. C. Weber, N. Tanimoto, R. P. Litchfield, E. Frank, Marco Laveder, A. Ferrero, R. A. Johnson, Omar Veledar, T. Golan, J. Giraud, B. Morgan, T. Komorowski, A. Muir, Yasuo Ajima, T. McLachlan, D. A. Forbush, Akitaka Ariga, B. Andrieu, David Calvet, A. Blondel, Iain Alexander Bertram, J. Imber, S. Moriyama, Barry L. Nelson, Robert D. Preece, Kodai Matsuoka, M. Fechner, G. Wikström, S. Bhadra, S. Assylbekov, P. F. Harrison, Fred Gannaway, M. B. Smy, Shigeki Aoki, R. Terri, Koji Yamamoto, J. Marzec, N. Braam, Frédéric Dufour, J. Holeczek, S. Giffin, T. D. J. Haycock, Michal Dziewiecki, M. Shibata, N. J. Buchanan, L. Monfregola, H. Nishino, G. P. Ward, I. T. Lim, N. Grant, P. Gumplinger, A. Hyndman, P. de Perio, Yoshikazu Yamada, A. Hatzikoutelis, N. Honkanen, L. Kellet, C. A. Miller, P. Birney, G. Collazuol, Mark Scott, T. Kikawa, R. L. Helmer, A. Minamino, Carlos A. Chavez, O. Drapier, F. Moreau, R. Hasanen, E. Monmarthe, Y. Kurosawa, L. Magaletti, C. Giganti, Oleg Mineev, D. I. Scully, C. Touramanis, X. De La Broise, Antonio Ereditato, A. Cazes, J. A. Nowak, M. Malek, N. Yershov, A. Cervera, M. Ziembicki, M. Dziomba, V. Palladino, C. Ishihara, Kevin Scott McFarland, V. Paolone, P. Poffenberger, J. Dumarchez, M. Gallop, T. Strauss, T. Maruyama, J. Zalipska, Yasuhiro Makida, L. Stawnyczy, T. Nakadaira, A. Yamamoto, G.D. Barr, P. Colas, Scott Davis, M. Rooney, J. Y. Kim, Eiichi Hirose, S. J. Ives, M. Posiadala, Takayuki Tomaru, C. Strabel, M. G. Catanesi, J. Spitz, V. Kravtsov, K. Wong, R. Sulej, C. Mark, Robert Wilson, Takahiro Okamura, J. Argyriades, A.K. Ghosh, E. Rondio, P. Dinh Tran, J. Beucher, N. McCauley, K. K. Joo, T. Wachala, D. Terhorst, P. Stamoulis, A. Gaudin, W. Qian, C. J. Pearson, G. Kogan, J. Swierblewski, G. De Rosa, R. A. Owen, A. Badertscher, M. Macaire, Y. Takenaga, A. Konaka, J. Kameda, P. Przewlocki, Yusuke Koshio, B. E. Berger, Lester D.R. Thompson, F. Druillole, Ken Sakashita, M. Mezzetto, C. Angelsen, Antonin Vacheret, W. R. Kropp, M. Cadabeschi, J. F. Martin, M. Tzanov, C. J. Metelko, H. Kakuno, R. Bradford, Leonid Kurchaninov, J. R. Wilson, K. Sasaki, M. Bryant, D. Pierrepont, A. Murakami, Yu. Kudenko, D. Bishop, S. Sooriyakumaran, M. Usseglio, Justin Albert, N. Kulkarni, N. Abgrall, S. Greenwood, C. Hearty, Suyong Choi, Alastair Grant, Richard J.H. Smith, G. Mituka, M. Thorpe, F. Pierre, Yutaka Yamanoi, Hiroshi Yamaoka, A. Marchionni, R. A. Wendell, Vincenzo Berardi, Ewart W. Blackmore, P. T. Le, T. Kobayashi, S. Di Luise, A. Curioni, Tomoko Ariga, P. Baron, J. L. Ritou, S. Koike, M. Lenckowski, G. Vasseur, B. Still, M. Pfleger, K. B. Fransham, Masashi Tanaka, C. Hansen, T. B. Lawson, K. Iyogi, E. D. Zimmerman, Tomiyoshi Haruyama, K. P. Lee, M. Day, Robert Henderson, A. Longhin, J. Marteau, Z. Williamson, M. Iida, H. Kaji, Katsuki Hiraide, K. Olchanski, M. Ravonel, Michel Raymond, G. Christodoulou, K. Nakamura, B. Hartfiel, Leigh H. Whitehead, Masayuki Nakahata, Y. Uchida, T. Sekiguchi, Tatsushi Nakamoto, M. Besnier, G. Ganetis, Gavin Davies, L. Ludovici, C. Cavata, M. Sorel, S. Hastings, M. D. Haigh, C. W. Walter, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Electronique, des Détecteurs et d'Informatique pour la Physique (ex SEDI) (DEDIP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), T2K, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), K., Abe, N., Abgrall, H., Aihara, DE ROSA, Gianfranca, Palladino, Vittorio, Département d'Electronique, des Détecteurs et d'Informatique (ex SEDI) (DEDI), Abgrall, Nicolas, Argyriades, Jeremy, Blondel, Alain, Bravar, Alessandro, Dufour, Fanny, Ferrero, Andréa, Haesler, Alexis, Korzenev, Alexander, Murphy, Sébastien, Ravonel Salzgeber, Melody, and Wikstrom, Gustav

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Sterile neutrino, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Neutrino oscillation, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, ddc:500.2, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Long baseline, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Neutrinos, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation, QC, Physics, T2K, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, T2K experiment, J-PARC, Super-Kamiokande, Física, Neutrino detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Lepton
Abstract

The T2K experiment is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. Its main goal is to measure the last unknown lepton sector mixing angle {\theta}_{13} by observing {\nu}_e appearance in a {\nu}_{\mu} beam. It also aims to make a precision measurement of the known oscillation parameters, {\Delta}m^{2}_{23} and sin^{2} 2{\theta}_{23}, via {\nu}_{\mu} disappearance studies. Other goals of the experiment include various neutrino cross section measurements and sterile neutrino searches. The experiment uses an intense proton beam generated by the J-PARC accelerator in Tokai, Japan, and is composed of a neutrino beamline, a near detector complex (ND280), and a far detector (Super-Kamiokande) located 295 km away from J-PARC. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the instrumentation aspect of the T2K experiment and a summary of the vital information for each subsystem., Comment: 33 pages, 32 figures, Submitted and accepted by NIM A. Editor: Prof. Chang Kee Jung, Department of Physics and Astronomy, SUNY Stony Brook, chang.jung@sunysb.edu, 631-632-8108 Submit Edited to remove line numbers

Published
2011
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27. The PAU camera

Author

R. Casas, O. Ballester, L. Cardiel-Sas, J. Carretero, F. J. Castander, J. Castilla, M. Crocce, J. de Vicente, M. Delfino, E. Fernández, P. Fosalba, J. Garcia-Bellido, E. Gaztañaga, F. Grañena, J. Jiménez, F. Madrid, M. Maiorino, P. Martí, R. Miquel, Ch. Neisser, E. Sánchez, S. Serrano, I. Sevilla, and N. Tonello

Published
2010
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28. PAUCam filter interchange system

Author

N. Tonello, P. Martí, Ricard Casas, E. J. Sanchez, Javier Gutierrez Jimenez, Enrique J. Fernández, I. Sevilla, M. Maiorino, Enrique Gaztanaga, F. Madrid, Javier Castilla, J. De Vicente, Laia Cardiel-Sas, S. Serrano, Francisco J. Castander, Ferran Grañena, Ramon Miquel, and O. Ballester

Subjects
Cryostat, Physics, Photometry (optics), Optics, business.industry, System of measurement, Dark energy, Spectral energy distribution, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, business, Galaxy, Redshift, Design for manufacturability
Abstract

The Physics of the Accelerating Universe (PAU) is a new project whose main goal is to study dark energy surveying the galaxy distribution. For that purpose we need to determine the galaxy redshifts. The most accurate way to determine the redshift of a galaxy and measure its spectral energy distribution (SED) is achieved with spectrographs. The PAU collaboration is building an instrument (PAUCam) devoted to perform a large area survey for cosmological studies using an alternative approach. SEDs are sampled and redshifts determined using narrow band filter photometry. For efficiency and manufacturability considerations, the filters need to be placed close to the CCD detector surfaces on segmented filter trays. The most innovative element of PAUCam is a set of 16 different exchangeable trays to support the filters arranged in a jukebox-like changing mechanism inside the cryostat. The device is designed to operate within the range of temperatures from 150K to 300K at the absolute pressure of 10 -8 mbar, being class-100 compliant.

Published
2010
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29. Multicenter phase III trial to evaluate CD34(+) selected versus unselected autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation in multiple myeloma

Author

R, Vescio, G, Schiller, A K, Stewart, O, Ballester, S, Noga, H, Rugo, C, Freytes, E, Stadtmauer, S, Tarantolo, F, Sahebi, P, Stiff, J, Meharchard, R, Schlossman, R, Brown, H, Tully, M, Benyunes, C, Jacobs, R, Berenson, J, DiPersio, K, Anderson, and J, Berenson

Subjects
Adult, Adolescent, Neutrophils, Bone Marrow Purging, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Antigens, CD34, Cell Separation, Middle Aged, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Transplantation, Autologous, Survival Rate, Leukocyte Count, Humans, Multiple Myeloma, Aged
Abstract

High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous transplantation has been shown to improve response rates and survival in multiple myeloma and other malignancies. However, autografts frequently contain detectable tumor cells. Enrichment for stem cells using anti-CD34 antibodies has been shown to reduce autograft tumor contamination in phase I/II studies. To more definitively assess the safety and efficacy of CD34 selection, a phase III study was completed in 131 multiple myeloma patients randomized to receive an autologous transplant with either CD34-selected or unselected peripheral blood progenitor cells after myeloablative therapy. Tumor contamination in the autografts was assessed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection assay using patient-specific, complementarity-determining region (CDR) Ig gene primers before and after CD34 selection. A median 3.1 log reduction in contaminating tumor cells was achieved in the CD34 selected product using the CEPRATE SC System (CellPro, Inc, Bothell, WA). Successful neutrophil engraftment was achieved in all patients by day 15 and no significant between-arm difference for time to platelet engraftment occurred in patients who received an infused dose of at least 2.0 x 10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg. In conclusion, this phase III trial demonstrates that CD34-selection of peripheral blood progenitor cells significantly reduces tumor cell contamination yet provides safe and rapid hematologic recovery for patients receiving myeloablative therapy.

Published
1999

30. Efficacy of pamidronate in reducing skeletal events in patients with advanced multiple myeloma. Myeloma Aredia Study Group

Author

J R, Berenson, A, Lichtenstein, L, Porter, M A, Dimopoulos, R, Bordoni, S, George, A, Lipton, A, Keller, O, Ballester, M J, Kovacs, H A, Blacklock, R, Bell, J, Simeone, D J, Reitsma, M, Heffernan, J, Seaman, and R D, Knight

Subjects
Male, Diphosphonates, Pain, Pamidronate, Osteolysis, Middle Aged, Survival Analysis, Disease-Free Survival, Fractures, Bone, Treatment Outcome, Double-Blind Method, Hypercalcemia, Humans, Female, Multiple Myeloma, Spinal Cord Compression, Aged
Abstract

Skeletal complications are a major clinical manifestation of multiple myeloma. These complications are caused by soluble factors that stimulate osteoclasts to resorb bone. Bisphosphonates such as pamidronate inhibit osteoclastic activity and reduce bone resorption.Patients with stage III multiple myeloma and at least one lytic lesion received either placebo or pamidronate (90 mg) as a four-hour intravenous infusion given every four weeks for nine cycles in addition to antimyeloma therapy. The patients were stratified according to whether they were receiving first-line (stratum 1) or second-line (stratum 2) antimyeloma chemotherapy at entry into the study. Skeletal events (pathologic fracture, irradiation of or surgery on bone, and spinal cord compression), hypercalcemia (symptoms or a serum calcium concentrationor = 12 mg per deciliter [3.0 mmol per liter]), bone pain, analgesic-drug use, performance status, and quality of life were assessed monthly.Among 392 treated patients, the efficacy of treatment could be evaluated in 196 who received pamidronate and 181 who received placebo. The proportion of patients who had any skeletal events was significantly lower in the pamidronate group (24 percent) than in the placebo group (41 percent, P0.001), and the reduction was evident in both stratum 1 (P = 0.04) and stratum 2 (P = 0.004). The patients who received pamidronate had significant decreases in bone pain and no deterioration in performance status and quality of life. Pamidronate was tolerated well.Monthly infusions of pamidronate provide significant protection against skeletal complications and improve the quality of life of patients with stage III multiple myeloma.

Published
1996

31. Mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells: comparing cyclophosphamide and growth factor based regimens

Author

W E, Janssen, R, Smilee, R, Carter, D, Rahn, M, Cairo, J H, Hiemenz, P E, Zorsky, K K, Fields, O, Ballester, and J, Perkins

Subjects
Adult, Male, Blood Cells, Neutrophils, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Middle Aged, Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Combined Modality Therapy, Transplantation, Autologous, Colony-Forming Units Assay, Leukocyte Count, Neoplasms, Humans, Female, Leukapheresis, Cyclophosphamide
Published
1994

32. A Multi-APD readout for EL detectors

Author

J. Illa, O. Ballester, G. Jover, Thorsten Lux, C. Martin, J. Rico, and Federico Sanchez

Subjects
Physics, History, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Photon, APDS, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Bar (music), business.industry, Detector, Dark matter, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, Optics, Xenon, chemistry, law, business, Energy (signal processing), Diode
Abstract

Detectors with an electroluminesence readout show an excellence performance in respect of energy resolution making them interesting for various applications as X-ray detection, double beta and dark matter experiments, Compton and gamma cameras, etc. In the following the study of a readout based on avalanche photo diodes to detect directly the VUV photons is presented. Results of measurements with 5 APDs in xenon at pressures between 1 and 1.65 bar are shown indicating that such a readout can provide excellent energy and a moderate position resolution., Comment: Talk given at the 5th Symposium on Large TPCs for Low Energy Rare Events. Submitted to JPCS (Journal of Physics: Conference Series) for publication. 8 pages, 17 figures

Published
2011
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33. The platelet-refractory bone marrow transplant patient: prophylaxis and treatment of bleeding

Author

K, Benson, K, Fields, J, Hiemenz, P, Zorsky, O, Ballester, J, Perkins, and G, Elfenbein

Subjects
Blood Platelets, Platelet Count, Neoplasms, Aminocaproic Acid, Humans, Hemorrhage, Platelet Transfusion, Thrombocytopenia, Bone Marrow Transplantation
Abstract

Refractoriness to platelet transfusions remains a significant problem for oncology patients, occurring in 30% to 70% of multiply transfused recipients with bone marrow failure. Nonimmune causes are often present and include disseminated intravascular coagulation, concurrent use of amphotericin B, infection, presence of palpable spleen, use of antibacterial antibiotics, bleeding, veno-occlusive disease, and fever. Immune causes are also commonly responsible for refractoriness, with HLA alloimmunization dominating the list of immune factors. HLA antibodies can be identified in 25% to 30% of transfused leukemia patients and can be present in as many as 80% of aplastic anemia patients. Developing a consistent approach to managing these refractory patients is essential to preventing and treating bleeding manifestations. An HLA type should be obtained for all patients anticipated to have chronic transfusion requirements. Screening for lymphocytotoxic antibodies can confirm suspected HLA alloimmunization. Histocompatible platelets (cross-match compatible and HLA matched) should be provided for all patients with HLA antibodies. A number of other therapeutic modalities have been used in an effort to manage the alloimmunized patient; most of these methods have had little or no proven benefit. When bleeding develops in the alloimmunized patient, there are few therapeutic choices. If histocompatible platelets are unavailable or unsuccessful, massive platelet transfusions of pooled platelet concentrates are commonly used, although this practice is of no proven benefit. While antifibrinolytic agents have been available for over 30 years, they are only recently being applied to control bleeding in chronic thrombocytopenia. We have successfully managed bleeding episodes in thrombocytopenic bone marrow transplant recipients with the use of epsilon aminocaproic acid. A number of these patients were platelet refractory with demonstrable platelet antibodies. Platelet refractoriness continues to plague multiply transfused oncology patients. While preventative measures may ultimately benefit some patients, this problem will continue to manifest itself. A consistent approach to transfusion support needs to be implemented to best manage this challenging patient population.

Published
1993

35. [Lactose tolerance test and medical vagotomy]

Author

M A, Freytes, H, Possetto, E, Redora, and O, Ballester

Subjects
Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, Lactose Intolerance, Adolescent, Humans, Female, Lactose, Middle Aged, Vagotomy, Aged
Published
1971

36. Characterization of the Hamamatsu S8664 Avalanche Photodiode for X-Ray and VUV-light detection

Author

J. Rico, Federico Sanchez, E.D.C. Freitas, G. Jover-Manas, Thorsten Lux, F. D. Amaro, C.M.B. Monteiro, C. Martín, and O. Ballester

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Photon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Medical Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Electromagnetic radiation, Optics, Xenon, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Physics, Scintillation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, X-ray, Biasing, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Avalanche photodiode, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Quantum efficiency, business
Abstract

We present the first operation of the Avalanche Photodiode (APD) from Hamamatsu to xenon scintillation light and to direct X-rays of 22.1 keV and 5.9 keV. A large non-linear response was observed for the direct X-ray detection. At 415 V APD bias voltage it was of about 30 % for 22.1 keV and about 45 % for 5.9 keV. The quantum efficiency for 172 nm photons has been measured to be 69 +/- 15 %., Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Elsevier

37. The Dark Energy Survey: Data Release 1.

Author

T. M. C. Abbott, F. B. Abdalla, S. Allam, A. Amara, J. Annis, J. Asorey, S. Avila, O. Ballester, M. Banerji, W. Barkhouse, L. Baruah, M. Baumer, K. Bechtol, M. R. Becker, A. Benoit-Lévy, G. M. Bernstein, E. Bertin, J. Blazek, S. Bocquet, and D. Brooks

Published
2018
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38. THE DARK ENERGY CAMERA.

Author

B. Flaugher, H. T. Diehl, K. Honscheid, T. M. C. Abbott, O. Alvarez, R. Angstadt, J. T. Annis, M. Antonik, O. Ballester, L. Beaufore, G. M. Bernstein, R. A. Bernstein, B. Bigelow, M. Bonati, D. Boprie, D. Brooks, E. J. Buckley-Geer, J. Campa, L. Cardiel-Sas, and F. J. Castander

Published
2015
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39. Cytogenetic Alterations in Multiple Myeloma: Prognostic Significance and the Choice of Frontline Therapy.

Author

Stella F, Pedrazzini E, Agazzoni M, Ballester O, and Slavutsky I

Subjects
Female, Humans, Male, Multiple Myeloma drug therapy, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Cytogenetics methods, Multiple Myeloma genetics
Abstract

Multiple myeloma tumor cells demonstrate multiple and often complex genetic lesions as evaluated by standard cytogenetic/FISH studies. Over the past decade, specific abnormalities have been associated with standard or high-risk clinical behavior and they have become strong prognostic indicators. Further, as evidenced by recent randomized clinical trials, the choice of front-line therapy (transplant vs. no transplant, inclusion of novel drugs such as bortezomib, thalidomide, and lenalidomide) may be able to overcome the adverse effect of high-risk genetic lesions.

Published
2015
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40. Frontline therapy for multiple myeloma: a concise review of the evidence based on randomized clinical trials.

Author

Yaqub S, Ballester G, and Ballester O

Subjects
Bone Marrow Transplantation, Boronic Acids therapeutic use, Bortezomib, Humans, Lenalidomide, Pyrazines therapeutic use, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Thalidomide analogs & derivatives, Thalidomide therapeutic use, Treatment Outcome, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use, Multiple Myeloma drug therapy, Multiple Myeloma therapy, Stem Cell Transplantation
Abstract

The past decade has seen significant progress in the development of new and effective therapies for multiple myeloma. Stem cell transplantation and the introduction of novel agents, such as thalidomide, lenalidomide, and bortezomib, have significantly improved outcomes of myeloma patients. In the current review, we analyzed the available data provided by published randomized clinical trials for the frontline therapy of myeloma patients. We attempted to assess the relative contribution and impact of these new therapies in the setting of both, transplant eligible and transplant ineligible patients.

Published
2013
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41. Prevention of breast cancer (Part II): risk reduction strategies.

Author

Tirona MT, Sehgal R, and Ballester O

Subjects
Chemoprevention adverse effects, Clinical Trials as Topic, Female, Humans, Mastectomy, Ovariectomy, Breast Neoplasms prevention & control, Chemoprevention methods, Risk Reduction Behavior
Abstract

Until recently, the best protection against breast cancer mortality was early diagnosis through mammographic screening. However, the possibility that breast cancer in some cases can be prevented has come to light over the past 30 years. Various risk reduction strategies of breast cancer have been explored including lifestyle modification, prophylactic surgeries, and the use of chemopreventive agents. This article is the second portion of a two-part series on breast cancer prevention, and will focus its discussion on the available risk reduction interventions that have been shown to prevent breast cancer in women considered high risk for the disease. (See Part I in Cancer Investigation, 28:743–750, 2010)

Published
2010
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42. Prevention of breast cancer (part I): epidemiology, risk factors, and risk assessment tools.

Author

Tirona MT, Sehgal R, and Ballester O

Subjects
Aged, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Breast Neoplasms prevention & control, Breast Neoplasms, Male epidemiology, Family Health, Female, Hormone Replacement Therapy adverse effects, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nutritional Status, Racial Groups, Risk Factors, Breast Neoplasms epidemiology, Risk Assessment methods
Abstract

Advances in breast cancer research have led to declining death rates from this disease because of early detection through mammographic screening and improved therapy for breast cancer. The concept that breast cancer, in some cases, can be prevented has been explored over the last three decades. This article, part I of a two-part series, will focus on the epidemiology, the risk factors associated with breast cancer, and the available risk assessment tools, which can help define who should be considered for risk reduction strategies. Part II will focus on discussing risk reduction strategies.

Published
2010
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43. The emperor's new clothes or the current practice of clinical trials for multiple myeloma in the USA.

Author

Ballester O

Subjects
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols adverse effects, Dexamethasone administration & dosage, Endpoint Determination, Evidence-Based Medicine, Humans, Lenalidomide, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Thalidomide administration & dosage, Thalidomide analogs & derivatives, Treatment Outcome, United States, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use, Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic, Multiple Myeloma drug therapy, Research Design
Abstract

Phase III clinical trials help define standard therapies by comparing the outcomes of a new (experimental) treatment arm to the best established (control) arm. Superior outcomes should only be defined in measures of patient benefit. Two recent trials for upfront therapy of patients with multiple myeloma (ECOG E1A00 and E4A03) failed to conform to traditional Phase III trial design. Consequently they failed to provide any useful scientific data.

Published
2008
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44. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the elderly.

Author

Ballester G, Tirona MT, and Ballester O

Subjects
Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Antigens, CD34 blood, Comorbidity, Humans, Treatment Outcome, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation mortality, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute surgery, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin surgery, Multiple Myeloma surgery, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma surgery
Abstract

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation may improve outcomes of patients with hematologic malignancies not curable with conventional therapies. In some clinical settings, transplantation represents the only curative option. The feasibility and efficacy of this approach in older patients are undefined, since this population has been excluded from nearly all clinical trials. Advances in supportive care, HSC harvesting, and safer conditioning regimens have made this therapy available to patients well into their 6th and 7th decades of life. Recent evidence suggests that elderly patients with good performance status and no comorbidities could, in fact, not only survive the transplant with reasonable risk, but also benefit in the same measure as younger patients.

Published
2007

45. Purging of autologous peripheral-blood stem cells using CD34 selection does not improve overall or progression-free survival after high-dose chemotherapy for multiple myeloma: results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Author

Stewart AK, Vescio R, Schiller G, Ballester O, Noga S, Rugo H, Freytes C, Stadtmauer E, Tarantolo S, Sahebi F, Stiff P, Meharchard J, Schlossman R, Brown R, Tully H, Benyunes M, Jacobs C, Berenson R, White M, DiPersio J, Anderson KC, and Berenson J

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Combined Modality Therapy, Disease-Free Survival, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple Myeloma immunology, Multiple Myeloma mortality, Neoplastic Cells, Circulating immunology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Proportional Hazards Models, Survival Rate, Antigens, CD34 analysis, Bone Marrow Purging methods, Multiple Myeloma therapy
Abstract

Purpose: Although high-dose chemotherapy supported by autologous peripheral-blood progenitor-cell (PBPC) transplantation improves response rates and survival for patients with multiple myeloma, all patients eventually develop progressive disease after transplantation. It has been hypothesized that depletion of malignant plasma cells from autografts may improve outcome by reducing infused cells contributing to relapse., Patients and Methods: A randomized phase III study using the CEPRATE SC System (Cellpro, Bothell, WA) to enrich CD34(+) autograft cells and passively purge malignant plasma cells was completed in 190 myeloma patients randomized to receive an autograft of CD34-selected or unselected PBPCs., Results: After CD34 selection, tumor burden was reduced by 1.6 to 6.0 logs (median, 3.1), with 54% of CD34-enriched products having no detectable tumor. Median time to count recovery, number of transfusions, transplantation-related mortality, and days in hospital were equivalent between the two transplantation arms. With a median follow-up of 37 months, 33 patients (36%) in the selected and 34 patients (35%) in the unselected arm had died (P =.784). Median overall survival in the selected arm was reached at 50 months and is not reached at this time in the unselected arm (P =.78). Median disease-free survival was 100 versus 104 weeks (P =.82), with 67% of patients in the selected arm and 66% of patients in the unselected arm relapsing., Conclusion: This phase III trial demonstrates that although CD34 selection significantly reduces myeloma cell contamination in PBPC collections, no improvement in disease-free or overall survival was achieved.

Published
2001
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46. Human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV) contamination of peripheral blood and autograft products from multiple myeloma patients.

Author

Vescio RA, Wu CH, Zheng L, Sheen D, Ma H, Liu J, Stewart AK, Ballester O, Noga SJ, Rugo H, Freytes C, Stadtmauer E, Sahebi F, Tarantolo S, Stiff P, Schiller GJ, White M, Jacobs C, DiPersio J, Anderson KC, and Berenson JR

Subjects
Antigens, CD34 analysis, Base Sequence, Bone Marrow Purging methods, Cohort Studies, DNA, Viral analysis, DNA, Viral genetics, Dendritic Cells cytology, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation methods, Herpesviridae Infections blood, Herpesviridae Infections virology, Herpesvirus 8, Human genetics, Humans, Leukapheresis, Leukocytes, Mononuclear cytology, Molecular Sequence Data, Multiple Myeloma blood, Multiple Myeloma virology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Survival Rate, Treatment Outcome, Viral Load, Blood Transfusion, Autologous, Dendritic Cells virology, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization methods, Herpesvirus 8, Human isolation & purification, Leukocytes, Mononuclear virology, Multiple Myeloma therapy
Abstract

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), has recently been identified within the bone marrow dendritic cells of multiple myeloma (MM) patients. This virus contains homologues to human cytokines such as IL-6 that could potentially stimulate myeloma cell growth and contribute to disease pathogenesis. Since mobilization chemotherapy may increase circulating dendritic cell numbers, we searched for HHV-8 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before and after mobilization chemotherapy given to MM patients. Furthermore, we determined if autograft purging using the CEPRATE SC device would reduce the percentage of HHV-8 infected stem cell products. Only two of the 39 PBMC samples collected prior to mobilization chemotherapy contained PCR detectable virus, yet nine of 37 PBMCs collected on the first day of leukapheresis had detectable HHV-8 (P = 0.016). HHV-8 was more frequently identified in autograft products before vs after Ceprate SC selection (40% vs 15%, P = 0.016). Although the role HHV-8 plays in myeloma pathogenesis remains unclear, these results imply that mobilization chemotherapy increases the numbers of circulating HHV-8-infected dendritic cells within the peripheral blood. In addition, CD34 selection of autograft products in MM patients may reduce the reintroduction of virally infected cells following high-dose chemotherapy. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2000) 25, 153-160.

Published
2000
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47. Collection of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) based on a rising WBC and platelet count significantly increases the number of CD34+ cells.

Author

Krieger MS, Schiller G, Berenson JR, Stewart K, Noga SJ, Ballester O, Tarantolo S, Stiff P, Kuhn D, Scherzo E, Sing A, Jacobs C, White JM, and DiPersio J

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating therapeutic use, Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal therapeutic use, Cyclophosphamide therapeutic use, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor therapeutic use, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Humans, Leukapheresis methods, Leukocyte Count, Middle Aged, Multiple Myeloma drug therapy, Multiple Myeloma immunology, Platelet Count, Prednisone therapeutic use, Stem Cells immunology, Transplantation, Autologous, Antigens, CD34 blood, Multiple Myeloma blood, Stem Cells cytology
Abstract

The kinetics of mobilization and optimal timing of peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) collection were evaluated in 190 patients with multiple myeloma undergoing stem cell harvest after mobilization with cyclophosphamide, prednisone and G-CSF. There was a strong correlation between the WBC count and the number of CD34+ cells circulating in peripheral blood (r = 0.875). Initiating leukapheresis based on rising WBC and platelet counts rather than on a fixed day increased the mean number of CD34+ cells 115% (9.7 to 20.9 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg; P = 0.010) for the total of all leukaphereses and 59% for the total of all CD34-selected products (5.1 to 8.1 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg; P = 0.011). Although the yield and purity of the CD34-selected product were not significantly affected (P > or = 0.071), the percentage of patients with concentrations of CD34+ cells in the initial leukapheresis of > 1% increased from 47% to 70% (P = 0.004). The mean purity of the selected product was related to the starting percentage: 48.9% if < 1% and 81.5% if > or = 1% (P < 0.001). Collection of stem cells based on rising WBC and platelet counts significantly increased the number of CD34+ cells in leukaphereses and CD34-selected products in comparison with collection on a fixed day.

Published
1999
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48. Multicenter phase III trial to evaluate CD34(+) selected versus unselected autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation in multiple myeloma.

Author

Vescio R, Schiller G, Stewart AK, Ballester O, Noga S, Rugo H, Freytes C, Stadtmauer E, Tarantolo S, Sahebi F, Stiff P, Meharchard J, Schlossman R, Brown R, Tully H, Benyunes M, Jacobs C, Berenson R, DiPersio J, Anderson K, and Berenson J

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Bone Marrow Purging, Cell Separation, Hematopoietic Stem Cells cytology, Humans, Leukocyte Count, Middle Aged, Multiple Myeloma mortality, Multiple Myeloma pathology, Neutrophils transplantation, Survival Rate, Transplantation, Autologous, Antigens, CD34 analysis, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Hematopoietic Stem Cells immunology, Multiple Myeloma therapy
Abstract

High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous transplantation has been shown to improve response rates and survival in multiple myeloma and other malignancies. However, autografts frequently contain detectable tumor cells. Enrichment for stem cells using anti-CD34 antibodies has been shown to reduce autograft tumor contamination in phase I/II studies. To more definitively assess the safety and efficacy of CD34 selection, a phase III study was completed in 131 multiple myeloma patients randomized to receive an autologous transplant with either CD34-selected or unselected peripheral blood progenitor cells after myeloablative therapy. Tumor contamination in the autografts was assessed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection assay using patient-specific, complementarity-determining region (CDR) Ig gene primers before and after CD34 selection. A median 3.1 log reduction in contaminating tumor cells was achieved in the CD34 selected product using the CEPRATE SC System (CellPro, Inc, Bothell, WA). Successful neutrophil engraftment was achieved in all patients by day 15 and no significant between-arm difference for time to platelet engraftment occurred in patients who received an infused dose of at least 2.0 x 10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg. In conclusion, this phase III trial demonstrates that CD34-selection of peripheral blood progenitor cells significantly reduces tumor cell contamination yet provides safe and rapid hematologic recovery for patients receiving myeloablative therapy.

Published
1999

49. Long-term pamidronate treatment of advanced multiple myeloma patients reduces skeletal events. Myeloma Aredia Study Group.

Author

Berenson JR, Lichtenstein A, Porter L, Dimopoulos MA, Bordoni R, George S, Lipton A, Keller A, Ballester O, Kovacs M, Blacklock H, Bell R, Simeone JF, Reitsma DJ, Heffernan M, Seaman J, and Knight RD

Subjects
Diphosphonates adverse effects, Double-Blind Method, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Fractures, Spontaneous etiology, Fractures, Spontaneous prevention & control, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple Myeloma drug therapy, Multiple Myeloma mortality, Osteolysis etiology, Pamidronate, Spinal Fractures etiology, Spinal Fractures prevention & control, Survival Analysis, Survival Rate, Diphosphonates administration & dosage, Multiple Myeloma complications, Osteolysis prevention & control
Abstract

Purpose: To determine the efficacy and safety of 21 monthly cycles of pamidronate therapy in patients with advanced multiple myeloma., Patients and Methods: Patients with stage III myeloma and at least one lytic lesion received either placebo or pamidronate 90 mg intravenously administered as a 4-hour infusion monthly for 21 cycles. At study entry, the patients were stratified according to whether they were to receive first-line (stratum 1) or second-line (stratum 2) antimyeloma chemotherapy. Skeletal events (pathologic fracture, radiation or surgery to bone, and spinal cord compression) and hypercalcemia were assessed monthly., Results: The results of the first nine previously reported cycles are extended to 21 cycles. Of the 392 randomized patients, efficacy could be evaluated in 198 who received pamidronate and 179 who received placebo. After 21 cycles, the proportion of patients who developed any skeletal event was lower in the pamidronate-group (P = .015). The mean number of skeletal events per year was less in the pamidronate-group (1.3) than in placebo-treated patients (2.2; P = .008). Although survival was not different between the pamidronate-treated group and placebo patients overall, stratum 2 patients who received pamidronate lived longer than those who received placebo (14 v 21 months, P = .041). Pamidronate was safe and well tolerated during the 21 cycles of therapy., Conclusion: Long-term monthly infusions of pamidronate as an adjunct to chemotherapy are superior to chemotherapy alone in reducing skeletal events in stage III multiple myeloma patients, and may improve the survival of patients on salvage therapy.

Published
1998
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50. Efficacy of pamidronate in reducing skeletal events in patients with advanced multiple myeloma. Myeloma Aredia Study Group.

Author

Berenson JR, Lichtenstein A, Porter L, Dimopoulos MA, Bordoni R, George S, Lipton A, Keller A, Ballester O, Kovacs MJ, Blacklock HA, Bell R, Simeone J, Reitsma DJ, Heffernan M, Seaman J, and Knight RD

Subjects
Aged, Disease-Free Survival, Double-Blind Method, Female, Fractures, Bone etiology, Fractures, Bone prevention & control, Humans, Hypercalcemia etiology, Hypercalcemia prevention & control, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple Myeloma drug therapy, Multiple Myeloma mortality, Osteolysis etiology, Pain etiology, Pain prevention & control, Pamidronate, Spinal Cord Compression etiology, Spinal Cord Compression prevention & control, Survival Analysis, Treatment Outcome, Diphosphonates therapeutic use, Multiple Myeloma complications, Osteolysis drug therapy
Abstract

Background: Skeletal complications are a major clinical manifestation of multiple myeloma. These complications are caused by soluble factors that stimulate osteoclasts to resorb bone. Bisphosphonates such as pamidronate inhibit osteoclastic activity and reduce bone resorption., Methods: Patients with stage III multiple myeloma and at least one lytic lesion received either placebo or pamidronate (90 mg) as a four-hour intravenous infusion given every four weeks for nine cycles in addition to antimyeloma therapy. The patients were stratified according to whether they were receiving first-line (stratum 1) or second-line (stratum 2) antimyeloma chemotherapy at entry into the study. Skeletal events (pathologic fracture, irradiation of or surgery on bone, and spinal cord compression), hypercalcemia (symptoms or a serum calcium concentration > or = 12 mg per deciliter [3.0 mmol per liter]), bone pain, analgesic-drug use, performance status, and quality of life were assessed monthly., Results: Among 392 treated patients, the efficacy of treatment could be evaluated in 196 who received pamidronate and 181 who received placebo. The proportion of patients who had any skeletal events was significantly lower in the pamidronate group (24 percent) than in the placebo group (41 percent, P < 0.001), and the reduction was evident in both stratum 1 (P = 0.04) and stratum 2 (P = 0.004). The patients who received pamidronate had significant decreases in bone pain and no deterioration in performance status and quality of life. Pamidronate was tolerated well., Conclusions: Monthly infusions of pamidronate provide significant protection against skeletal complications and improve the quality of life of patients with stage III multiple myeloma.

Published
1996
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