49 results on '"O. Alatise"'
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2. The impact of electrothermal stress on threshold voltage drift of GaN and SiC cascode devices
- Author
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Y. Gunaydin, S. Jahdi, X. Yuan, J. Yang, B. Stark, J. Ortiz-Gonzalez, R. Wu, and O. Alatise
- Abstract
Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) power cascode devices both take advantage of a low-voltage enhancementmode Silicon power MOSFET coupled with a high-voltage depletion-mode GaN HEMT or SiC JFET to realize high switching frequencies with the intention of avoiding charge trapping and threshold voltage drift in the gate oxide traps of enhancementmode SiC MOSFETs. Nevertheless, in this paper it is shown that SiC and GaN Cascodes will also suffer from the gate threshold voltage drift when subjected to significant electrothermal stress. This is partly due to the natural drift of threshold voltage in the gate, and partly due to the impact of the leakage current by the high-voltage device. The threshold voltage drift can lead to permanent degradations and potential failures, and as such is the subject of this investigation.
- Published
- 2022
3. ASSESSMENT OF RADIONUCLIDES IN SOME NIGERIAN MADE CEREALS AND TEA PRODUCTS
- Author
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O. O. ALATISE and T. C. ADEBESIN
- Subjects
food and beverages - Abstract
This study investigated the presence of the radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs in some cereals and tea products commonly available in Nigerian markets. Fifteen cereal samples and ten tea samples were purchased from different markets in Lagos, Nigeria. Gamma-ray spectrometric analyses of the samples were done using a High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector to obtain the activity concentrations of the radionuclides with 137Cs being below the detection limit in all the samples analyzed. The mean activity concentrations (in Bqkg-1) of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the cereal samples were (0.839 ± 0.713), (1.153 ± 1.084) and (22.514 ± 8.897) respectively; while the values for the tea samples were (1.145 ± 0.765), (0.94 ± 0.601) and (19.212 ± 9.533) respectively. The associated hazard indices for the cereals ranged from 0.0065 to 0.0368 while that for the tea products varied from 0.0044 to 0.0292. These values are well below the world recommended limit of 1.0. The calculated annual effective doses due to the ingestion of the investigated samples ranged from 0.068 mSvy-1 (for age groups from 1 y) to 0.189 mSvy-1 (for age group 17 y). For the tea samples, the highest value was found in the age group 12 – 17 y, while the lowest was found in the age group 1 – 2 y. These values are below the allowable level of 1 mSv per annum for members of the general public as recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. This indicates that the consumption of these cereals and teas do not pose as health hazards to both children and adults in the populace.
- Published
- 2020
4. Analysis of Thermally Controlled Poultry Housing Using CFD
- Author
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T. O. Tehinse, T. O. Aduewa, F. R. Falayi, B. I. Osho, and M. O. Alatise
- Subjects
business.industry ,Airflow ,Environmental science ,Relative humidity ,Computational fluid dynamics ,business ,Marine engineering - Abstract
Poultry industry’s development in the past two decades and the need for increased animal protein sources in the hot regions of the world, require the need to develop housing system that is thermally controlled for optimal production. The research was carried out at Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. The facility consisted of a broiler house of 6 rooms enclosed by masonry sidewalls at the base and insulated plywood at the upper section of the house with each experimental room equipped with blower, suction fan and heater. The data were monitored at the most critical time of the day – 1 pm during the dry season. Experimental data were recorded using developed and calibrated data logger. The 5 experimental rooms are programed to 5 temperature levels (41, 38, 35, 32 and 29°C) characterizing extreme heat boundary conditions for broilers with fans programmed at 1.5 m/s air velocity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the thermal distribution in solid-wall broiler houses using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The CFD technique allows visualizing air flow according to different running condition for each room for exhaust fans, as well as other parameters. The simulation was used to determine the air temperature variation, inner wall temperature, external temperature, air velocity distribution, external wall heat flux, pressure and wall heat transfer coefficient in all the experimental rooms of poultry house. The simulated air flow pattern and temperature distribution in the experimental rooms were analyzed and the result revealed increase room temperature as the preset room temperature increases. However, the velocity profile in all the room shows buildup of air at the outlet vent due to turbulence created by the suction fans. The pressure profile across the rooms was relatively the same.
- Published
- 2020
5. Real time estimation of power transistor junction temperature for motor drive application
- Author
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M. Taha, M. Tousizadeh, A. Deb, O. Alatise, L. Ran, and P. Mawby
- Published
- 2022
6. Nutrient uptake, maximum yield production, and economic return of maize under deficit irrigation with biochar and inorganic fertiliser amendments
- Author
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Oluwaseun Temitope Faloye, Ayodele Ebenezer Ajayi, Rainer Horn, Babatunde Sunday Ewulo, and Michael O. Alatise
- Subjects
Irrigation ,business.industry ,Field experiment ,Deficit irrigation ,Soil Science ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Interaction ,Pollution ,Biomaterials ,Nutrient ,Agronomy ,Agriculture ,Biochar ,Environmental science ,Soil fertility ,business - Abstract
The individual and combined effects of biochar (B) and inorganic fertiliser (F) have all been widely proofed to improve soil fertility and enhance crop growth and yield under irrigation (I) and rain fed conditions. However, the strength of their individual and combined effects on crop productivity has been scarcely reported. In addition, few studies have assessed their individual and co-application effects on economic returns. Therefore, a 2-year field experiment which consisted of factorial combination of irrigation (I) [100% full irrigation (FI), 80% FI and 60% FI], biochar (0 and 20 t/ha) and fertiliser (0 and 300 kg/ha) was conducted. According to the results, irrigation was the dominant factor that influences maize grain yield, followed by inorganic fertiliser and biochar, and they were all significant in their main effects. The strength of interaction effects among, I, F and B on maize grain yield follow the sequence F × I > B × F > B × I. The economic analysis showed that the ternary combination of B, F and I was more economical than the binary combination of B plus I, and F plus I (in that order), when compared with the standalone application of I at maximum production in the field experiment. In addition, combined applications of biochar and fertiliser improved soil nutrients, nutrient uptake in all irrigation treatments, compared to the standalone applications of biochar or fertiliser. Further research is, therefore, recommended for long-term evaluation of the economic viability of integrating biochar with fertiliser under irrigation.
- Published
- 2019
7. Performance of Common Reed (Phragmites australis) in a Constructed Wetland for Greywater Treatment in Akure, Nigeria
- Author
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F., Alao, primary, M. O., Alatise, additional, O.O., Olanrewaju, additional, and A. J., Oloruntade, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Effects of biochar and inorganic fertiliser applications on growth, yield and water use efficiency of maize under deficit irrigation
- Author
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Ayodele Ebenezer Ajayi, Babatunde Sunday Ewulo, Michael O. Alatise, and Oluwaseun Temitope Faloye
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Irrigation ,Crop yield ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Deficit irrigation ,Soil Science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,020801 environmental engineering ,Field capacity ,Soil conditioner ,Agronomy ,Biochar ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Soil fertility ,Water-use efficiency ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
The additions of biochar and inorganic fertiliser to agricultural soils have been reported to enhance soil fertility and crop production under rainfed and irrigation conditions. However, it is unclear how biochar improve the growth, yield, irrigation and crop water use efficiency of a field grown maize under deficit irrigation. The objective of this study is to determine the main and interactive effects of biochar and fertiliser on the maize growth, yield, crop water use efficiency (CWUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) under deficit irrigation, which has been scarcely studied. Therefore, a field experiment which consisted of factorial combination of Irrigation (100% Full Irrigation (FI), 80% FI and 60% FI), biochar (0 and 20 t/ha) and fertiliser (0 and 300 Kg/ha) was conducted over two growing seasons. The 100% FI, 80% of FI and 60% of FI received 1, 0.8 and 0.6 of the estimated irrigation need required to bring the soil water to field capacity, respectively. Effect of the soil amendments were determined on the crop evapotranspiration (water use), soil hydrophysical and chemical properties. Maize growth parameters were determined weekly while the yield components were determined at harvest. Results showed that the application of the soil amendments improved the soil hydro-physical, chemical properties, and water use by maize plant which consequently resulted in increased maize growth, yield, IWUE and CWUE under all irrigation treatments. Combined addition of the soil amendments gave significant (P
- Published
- 2019
9. Expanding EV Charging Capacity in Distribution Networks: A Case Study for Charging EVs at Work
- Author
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O. Alatise, A. Karlsson, A. Deb, R. Wu, and J. Ortiz-Gonzalez
- Published
- 2021
10. Synergistic effects of biochar and inorganic fertiliser on maize (zea mays) yield in an alfisol under drip irrigation
- Author
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Michael O. Alatise, Babatunde Sunday Ewulo, O.T. Faloye, and Ayodele Ebenezer Ajayi
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0106 biological sciences ,Moisture ,Chemistry ,Crop yield ,Field experiment ,Soil Science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Drip irrigation ,Interaction ,01 natural sciences ,Agronomy ,Soil pH ,Biochar ,Alfisol ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
Biochar, inorganic fertilisers and drip irrigation have all been shown to have potential to increase crop yield in tropical and water-limiting environments. However, their complementary effect on crop yield is scarcely studied. In this study, we investigated the synergistic effect of biochar made from maize-cob residue and inorganic fertiliser on the yield of maize under drip irrigation system. A factorial field experiment in which the biochar was applied at four rates; 0, 3, 6, and 10 t/ha, in combination with NPK 15:15:15 inorganic fertiliser applied at two rates; 0 and 300 kg/ ha to a sandy soil classified as Alfisol was evaluated. The plots were irrigated by drip irrigation to keep available moisture at about 50% Maximum Allowable Deficiency (MAD). Four models (linear, linear + squares, linear + interactions and full quadratic) were obtained by analysing the response surface for the relationship between biochar, inorganic fertiliser and yields. Results showed thatthe grain and biomass yields were positively increased with increase in the amount of added biochar. The interaction effect between fertiliser and biochar did not significantly ( P > 0.05) affect maize yield, but significantly ( P 0.05) influenced biomass yield. The full quadratic model established between biochar and inorganic fertiliser gave the best prediction, with R 2 equal to 0.85 and 0.97 for grain and biomass yields, respectively. Therefore, using the modelling approach, it was established that for every 10 t/ha of biochar application and 300 kg/ha of fertiliser application, the maize grain yield and biomass yield could increase by up to 6.03 and 10.43 t/ha. The Pareto analysis of the standardized effects showed that the combined application of fertiliser and biochar resulted in an additional contribution of 11.4% and 16.5% for grain and biomass yields. Also, analysis on soil chemical properties showed that biochar positively increased soil pH, N, P, K and CEC. The results established that fertiliser and biochar application synergistically increase drip irrigated maize yields. Also, fertiliser contributed more to the yields than the increase in the amount of added biochar, suggesting a further need to investigate higher biochar application rate to determine the optimum rate under drip irrigation.
- Published
- 2017
11. ACTIVITY CONCENTRATIONS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING RADIONUCLIDES IN SOME COMMERCIAL BOTTLED WATERS FROM PARTS OF SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
- Author
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O O ALATISE and Y S AKINSANYA
- Abstract
In this work, the presence of natural radioactivity in bottled waters from parts of south-west Nigeria was investigated. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the water samples were ob-tained using a high-purity germanium detector. The ranges of activity concentrations obtained for 232Th, 226Ra and 40K were 0.15 to 1.25Bq l-1, 0.02 to 2.94Bq l-1 and 6.96 to 46.47 Bq l-1, respectively. 40K has the highest activity concentration in the bottled water samples while 232Th has the least value. The activity concentrations obtained together with ingested dose conversion factors, were used to calculate the annual effective doses for six age groups ranging from < 1 to >17 years. The calculated total annual effective doses (mSvy-1) ranged from 0.01 to 4.16 and the values are age dependent (highest for < 1year and lowest for 7-12years age groups). The results showed that the average annu-al effective dose for 35% of the bottled water brands were below the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended level of 0.1 mSvy-1 for drinking water. Furthermore, out of the remaining 65% that were higher than the WHO recommended level, 9% were higher than 1 mSvy-1, which is the radia-tion exposure limit for the general public according to the recommendation of the International Com-mission on Radiological Protection. Consequently, consumption of some of the bottled water brands investigated in this study could constitute radiological hazard especially for the < 1 and 12-17years age groups.
- Published
- 2017
12. IN-FLIGHT EXPOSURE TO COSMIC RADIATION ALONG SOME COMMERCIAL AIRLINE ROUTES TO AND FROM NIGERIA
- Author
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O O ALATISE and A A ADEPOJU
- Abstract
The study of “external†radiation called cosmic radiation that strikes the earth from anywhere beyond the atmosphere is of great importance in radiation protection. All human beings are exposed to an uncontrollable amount of cosmic radiation on the ground level. Those who travel in space, airline crews and frequent flyers are exposed to additional level of cosmic radiation during their trip but unfor-tunately many of them are not aware of this. This workcalculates the exposure of aircrews and fre-quent flyers to cosmic radiation during travel along some air routes to and from Nigeria. The effective dose was computed using a dedicated software CARI 6M, developed by US FAA.The study focuses on the significance of the in-flight exposure, assessment and estimation of in-flight exposure using the dedicated software and some ways of controlling the exposures so that airline crews and frequent flyers are not exposed to fatal levels of radiation.It was observed that the cosmic radiation doses re-ceived by passengers and crew members on board on flights from Lagos Nigeria to countries in Amer-ica were more than what they received en-route countries in Asia.
- Published
- 2017
13. Incisional Hernia in Women: Predisposing Factors and Management Where Mesh is Not Readily Available
- Author
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E Agbakwuru, J Olabanji, O Alatise, R Okwerekwu, and O Esimai
- Subjects
Incisional hernia ,Women ,Predisposing factors ,Nigeria ,Medicine - Abstract
Background / Aim: Incisional hernia is still relatively common in our practice. The aim of the studywas to identify risk factors associated with incisional hernia in our region. The setting is the ObafemiAwolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria during a period when prostheticmesh was not readily available. Patients and Methods: All the women who presented with incisionalhernia between 1996 and 2005 were prospectively studied using a standard form to obtaininformation on pre-hernia (index) operations and possible predisposing factors. They all had opensurgical repair and were followed up for 18-60 months. Results: Forty-four women were treatedduring study period. The index surgeries leading to the hernias were emergency caesarian section26/44 (59.1%), emergency exploratory laparotomy 6/44 (13.6%), and elective surgeries 12/44(27.3%). Major associated risk factors were the use of wrong suture materials for fascia repair, midlineincisions, wound sepsis, and overweight. Conclusion: For elective surgeries, reduction of weightshould be encouraged when appropriate, and transverse incisions are preferred. Absorbable sutures,especially chromic catgut, should be avoided in fascia closure. Antibiotics should be used forcomplicated obstetric cases.
- Published
- 2009
14. Prediction of Infiltration Capacities by Field Measurement and Selected Empirical Models for Irrigated Agriculture
- Author
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M. O. Alatise and F. F. Akinola
- Subjects
Hydrology ,Infiltration (hydrology) ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,Empirical modelling ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Infiltrometer ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Irrigated agriculture - Published
- 2017
15. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF TEMPORAL VARIATIONS IN INDOOR RADON DATA USING AN ADAPTED RESPONSE SURFACE METHOD
- Author
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G. A. DAWODU, O. O. ALATISE, and A. O. MUSTAPHA
- Abstract
Temporary variations in indoor radon data (IRD), comprising radon concentration (RC), air temperature, relative humidity and barometric pressure were monitored hourly over a period of two months in a bungalow house in Abeokuta, Nigeria. A total of 1510 data was assembled and analyzed statistically using Shapiro-Wilk for normality test, response surface method (RSM) and adapted response surface method (ARSM) to investigate and model the influence of the meteorological parameters on the variations of RC in indoor air. The overall results showed that RC varies widely over time and correlates positively with relative humidity and temperature, but negatively with barometric pressure. Specific results of the two response surface methods were compared and contrasted and the multiple linear regression model of the ARSM was highlighted and established as the appropriate method for analyzing IRD. ARSM was presented in an easily reusable form that can easily be adopted by researchers and data analysts.ª¤?
- Published
- 2016
16. Computer Algorithm for Irrigated Water – Yield Response of Cowpea under Sprinkler Irrigation System
- Author
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M. O. Alatise and O. T. Faloye
- Subjects
Response factor ,Irrigation ,Coefficient of determination ,Agronomy ,Dry season ,Empirical modelling ,Growing season ,Water use ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Mathematics ,Computer algorithm - Abstract
A MATLAB Computer program on cowpea yield was developed to compare the yield obtained from the field under sprinkler irrigation system with the yield predicted by the developed model. Dry season experiment was conducted between January and April of 2014 at Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure. Soil physical and chemical properties of the experimental site were determined using standard procedures. The cowpea seeds were established on the field and four irrigation water managements were imposed on the crop. An algorithm comprising of existing empirical models from crop production functions were implemented using MATLAB based computer program. Yield response factor, ky and elasticity of water production (EWP) were also introduced into the algorithm in order to determine the maximum production of cowpea during the growing season of the experiment. The field seasonal yield, crop evapotranpiration and total water applied were input into the model to validate it so as to obtain corresponding model output (predicted yield). The model Original Research Article Faloye and Alatise; JAERI, 3(4): 168-184, 2015; Article no.JAERI.2015.045 169 predicted yield well. The yield results show a good degree of correlation with coefficient of determination r 2 equal to 0.96 and 0.98 for linear and quadratic production functions (ETPF) respectively. The optimized water use and yield of cowpea obtained from the developed model during the growing season were 382.34 mm and 0.996 tons/ha. The total amount of water that resulted to the optimum water use and yield was 446.23 mm. This result implies that 92% of total irrigation water applied during the growing season resulted to the optimum production of the crop. The model, therefore, proved to be useful in estimation of possible irrigation water to maximize yield and crop water use of cowpea.
- Published
- 2015
17. Ground radiometric survey for assessment of environmental radioactivity in a fertilized farmland: a case history in southwestern Nigeria
- Author
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O. A. Ekhaguere, O. O. Alatise, and Kehinde D. Oyeyemi
- Subjects
History ,Environmental science ,Environmental radioactivity ,Radiometric dating ,Forestry ,Computer Science Applications ,Education - Abstract
Soils in their natural state contain radionuclides and heavy metals at different concentrations which may be increased by the use of fertilizers. When the concentrations of radionuclides and in soils are higher in value than the recommended limits, this may pose health concern. In this study, absorbed dose rate was measured in-situ at thirty-five station points in the farmland using a caesium Iodide-based GammaRAE II R full range dosimeter held at gonald height above the surface. Results of the in-situ absorbed dose rate in air are presented and the potential risks to the farmers and near-by residents are equally assessed. The results revealed that the measured absorbed dose rate (ADRA) in the farm is high which is likely to be connected to the use of fertilizer in the farmland. It is highly recommended that the management of the farm should reduce the use of fertilizer but rather use natural organic manure that is less toxic. Also, a routine check on environmental radioactivity of the farmland should be done regularly for adequate monitoring.
- Published
- 2019
18. Assessment of natural radionuclides in a fertilized farmland in Abeokuta, Nigeria: Implications for environmental radioactivity evaluation and monitoring
- Author
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O. O. Alatise, O. A. Ekhaguere, and Kehinde D. Oyeyemi
- Subjects
History ,Radionuclide ,Soil test ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Secular equilibrium ,engineering.material ,Computer Science Applications ,Education ,Toxicology ,Radium ,chemistry ,Soil water ,engineering ,Environmental science ,Environmental radioactivity ,Fertilizer ,Plastic bag - Abstract
In this study, the concentrations of radionuclides were determined for soil samples obtained from a fertilized farm soils in Abeokuta, southwestern Nigeria. On the average, seven soil samples were obtained and keptin a sealed polythene bags. Then later dried and pulverized. Two hundred grams of each of the pulverized samples was held in a standard plastic container and left for about thirty days to allow for secular equilibrium between radium and its progenies. Radionuclides activity concentrations within the collected samples were measured using a calibrated NaI-based gamma-ray spectrometer. The detected natural radioactivity of soil samples are presented and radiological attributes for effective radiological hazards detection and monitoringfor the study location are equally estimated. The results revealed that the specific activity for K-40 radionuclides at location L7 is higher than the world average concentration of 420 Bq/kg. This is not unconnected to the fertilizer within that portion of the farm. However, the estimated radiological attributes in the farmland are relatively lower that the threshold standards, which implies that the soils in the farmland are free of any radiation hazards and pose no threat to farmers and the residents of that area. It is however recommended that organic manure should be used in the farmland rather than fertilizer and routine check on environmental radioactivity of the farmland should be done regularly for adequate monitoring.
- Published
- 2019
19. Environmental regulation and modelling of cassava canopy conductance under drying root-zone soil water
- Author
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Philip G. Oguntunde and Michael O. Alatise
- Subjects
Hydrology ,Atmospheric Science ,Water transport ,Vapour Pressure Deficit ,Soil water ,Environmental science ,DNS root zone ,Relative humidity ,Atmospheric sciences ,Wind speed ,Canopy conductance ,Degree (temperature) - Abstract
Sap flow was measured, with Granier-type sensors, in a crop of field-grown water-stressed cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Ghana, West Africa. The main objective of this study was to examine the environmental control of canopy conductance (gc) with a view to modelling the stomatal control of water transport under water-stressed condition. Weather variables measured concurrently with sap flow were: air temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (u) and solar radiation (Rs). Relationship between canopy conductance (gc) and vapour pressure deficit (De) was curvilinear while no specific pattern was observed with Rs. Average diurnal gc decreased from 3.0 ± 0.6 to 0.7 ± 0.4 mm s−1 between 0730 and 2000 h local time ( = GMT) each day. A Jarvis-type model, based on a set of environmental control functions, was parameterized for the cassava crop in this study. Model results demonstrated that gc was estimated with a high degree of accuracy based on Rs, Ta, and De (r2 = 0.92;F = 809.2;P 100 and a decoupling factor 0.85) of the gc model with De as the only independent environmental variable. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
- Published
- 2007
20. Effects of Radiation Emitted From Base Stations on Bilirubin, Transaminases and Lipid Peroxidation in Exposed Rats
- Author
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B Onibere, P Nwoha, F Aina, O Alatise, and A C Achudume
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Cholesterol ,Bilirubin ,Idiopathic environmental intolerance ,Mobile telephone ,Ionizing radiation ,Lipid peroxidation ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,High-density lipoprotein ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,business ,Whole blood - Abstract
Purpose: Exposure to non-ionizing radiation emitted from base station have been reported to have some evidence of alterations in the activity of certain cells leading to unspecific health symptoms referred to as idiopathic environmental intolerance. The objective of the present study was to evaluate bilirubin, amino transferases, lipid peroxidation, total cholesterol and High density lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol in whole blood as indices of stress- related idiopathic environmental intolerance. Materials and Methods: Male rats were randomized and exposed to non- ionizing radiation emitted by base station between three mobile telephone masts for up to 60 days. Results: Results showed that at 40 days of exposure, there were no observable differences in the levels of alanine and aspartate transaminases. However, at 60 days of exposure, there were significant decreases in amino transaminases and did not cause any significant stress in bilirubin. The intracellular level of lipid peroxidation as measured by malondiadehyde in the liver and kidney decreased by 15% and 43%, respectively. There was no difference in level of cholesterol at 40 days of exposure while the increased levels at 60 days were not significant. Conclusion: The parameters evaluated indicate stress-related unspecific symptoms which may be associated with non-ionizing radiation emitted from base stations.
- Published
- 2012
21. Hydrological Models and Applications for Managing Water Resources in Osun River Basin Nigeria
- Author
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M O Alatise and B O Adeboye
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Government ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Environmental resource management ,Social change ,Drainage basin ,Water resources ,Politics ,Geography ,Order (exchange) ,Food processing ,Quality (business) ,business ,media_common - Abstract
Water resources planning are of importance in economic and social development of any country. The quality and accessibility determine the level of public health, food production, energy and other important aspects of life. In order to meet the demand for the desired quantity and quality of water at a particular location, the engineers together with economists, political scientists, lawyers, planners and conservationists must come together and prepare framework for implementation. Thus the focus of this study was the assessment and evaluation of the untapped water resources of this basin in order to create government’s attention of the invaluable resources.
- Published
- 2012
22. Comparative Performance of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus) Under Drip and Sprinkler Irrigation Systems in the Humid Tropics of Nigeria
- Author
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O O Oladeji, O E Joseph, and M O Alatise
- Subjects
Crop ,Irrigation ,Geography ,biology ,Agroforestry ,Abelmoschus ,Low-flow irrigation systems ,Drip irrigation ,Agricultural productivity ,biology.organism_classification ,Humid tropics - Abstract
In the humid part of Nigeria (South-West), agricultural production is largely rain fed and this needs to be urgently supplemented by irrigation practice if the country is to meet her food demand. Therefore, a study was carried out to ascertain the most suitable irrigation scheme to adopt under our prevailing soil and climatic conditions. Thus, the main objective of this study was to compare performance of a crop (okra) under the two notable irrigation systems; drip and sprinkler and come up with the preferred.
- Published
- 2012
23. Colorectal cancer
- Author
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O Alatise, O Lawal, A Adesunkanmi, A Agbakwuru, A Adisa, A Arigbabu, and D Akinola
- Published
- 2008
24. Radionuclide Concentrations in Some Fruit Juices Produced and Consumed in Lagos, Nigeria
- Author
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A. C. Nwanya, O. O. Alatise, and A. E. Adeniji
- Subjects
Radionuclide ,Chemistry ,Radiochemistry ,Fruit juice ,General Medicine ,Food science - Abstract
A total of seven samples of bottled fruit juice produced and consumed in Nigeria were used for the study. The average concentrations of radionuclides contained in some bottled fruit juice produced and consumed in Nigeria and also exported to neighboring countries have been estimated by means of scintillation detector which is sodium Iodide activated with thallium (Na (Ti)). The radionuclides observed with reliable regularity belonged to the series – decay naturally occur-ring radionuclides headed by 238U and 232Th as well as the non- series decay type, 40K. The average specific activity values obtained for 226Ra, 228Ra and 40K, respectively, were 16.44 ± 5.91, 13.64 ± 3.99 and 163.21 ± 49.00 Bq/kg. It was observed that man made radionucldes suchas 137Cs and 90Sr were not detected in any of the bottled fruit juices which might be due to the countermeasures applied. The activity concentrations of each of the naturally occurring radionucldes in the bottled fruit juice were much lower than those recommended by the regulatory bodies. Thus, the contribution from these radionuclides does not pose any significant radiological health problem to the consumers.
- Published
- 2013
25. Effects of Radiation Emitted From Base Stations on Bilirubin, Transaminases and Lipid Peroxidation in Exposed Rats
- Author
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A. C., Achudume, primary, B., Onibere, additional, P., Nwoha, additional, O., Alatise, additional, and F., Aina, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Effects of varying water applications on growth, yield and water use efficiency of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) under drip irrigation in Akure.
- Author
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O. S., Sedara, A. M., Sedara, M. O., Alatise, and O. T., Faloye
- Subjects
- *
OKRA , *WATER efficiency , *MICROIRRIGATION , *WATER levels , *EVAPOTRANSPIRATION , *IRRIGATION water , *IRRIGATION management - Abstract
The conservation of water is crucial to sustainable agricultural production during dry season when there is little or no rainfall to improve crop production. Thus, this study is aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of water applications on the growth, yield and water use efficiency of okra under drip irrigation system during dry season. Sixteen drip irrigation plots (2 × 2 m²) were established following a 4 × 4 completely randomized block design with four replicates to determine the water consumptive use of okra. The growth, yield and water use efficiency of okra under four different irrigation management i.e. irrigation water applied at 100 FIT (full irrigation treatment), 80 FIT, 60 FIT and 40 FIT were measured. Results showed that highest growth parameters were observed under 100 FIT and the least under 40 FIT. The differences in plant height, number of leaves and leaf area in all the treatments blocks were not significant (p>0.05) for all the stages of development of okra. The yield obtained at 100 FIT, 80 FIT, 60 FIT and 40 FIT are 3.60 t ha-1, 3.54 t ha-1, 3.56 t ha-1 and 2.05 t ha-1 respectively. Using error bar there is significant effect of the treatment on the yield with 100 FIT, 80 FIT and 60 FIT having highest yields compare to 40 FIT. The irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) ranged from 0.024-0.041 t ha-1 mm-1 while the crop water use efficiency (CWUE) ranged from 0.0088-0.0139 t ha-1 mm-1. Okra crop irrigated with drip irrigation at 60 FIT recorded the highest IWUE, CWUE and about 73% more yield than the 40 FIT, i.e. 0.041 t ha-1 mm-1, 0.0139 t ha-1 mm-1 and 3.56 t ha-1 mm-1 respectively. It can be concluded that okra crop irrigated at 60 FIT should be adopted in order to save 40% water to irrigate additional land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
27. Emerging patterns of inflammatory bowel disease in sub-Saharan Africa: 175 cases from an IBD network.
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Hodges P, Adeniyi O, Devani S, Nwoko C, Owoseni O, Boateng KGA, Ocanit A, Muhofa A, Dankiri NA, Duduyemi B, Abay Z, Musa Y, Micah E, Kabagambe P, Shewaye AB, Thomas P, Wanjara S, Epstein D, Watermeyer G, Fathi H, Alatise O, Mbelle M, Kelly P, and Croft N
- Abstract
There is a knowledge gap on the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in Africa. To begin to address this issue we formed a case reporting network of practitioners with an interest in inflammatory bowel disease across sub-Saharan Africa. Here we report a series of 175 cases from 12 countries over 2 years., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation.)
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- 2024
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28. Switching and Frequency Response Assessment of Photovoltaic Drivers and Their Potential for Different Applications.
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Issa W, Gonzalez JO, and Alatise O
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Newly introduced Photovoltaic (PV) devices, featuring a built-in chip with an illuminating Light Emitting Diode (LED), have emerged in the commercial market. These devices are touted for their utility as both low- and high-side power switch drivers and for data acquisition coupling. However, comprehensive knowledge and experimentation regarding the limitations of these Photovoltaic Drivers in both switching and signal processing applications remain underexplored. This paper presents a detailed characterization of a Photovoltaic Driver, focusing on its performance under resistive and capacitive loads. Additionally, it delineates the device's constraints when employed in signal processing. Through the analysis of switching losses across various power switches (Silicon and Silicon Carbide) in both series and parallel driver configurations, this study assesses the driver's efficacy in operating Junction Field-Effect Transistors (JFETs). Findings suggest that Photovoltaic Drivers offer a low-cost, compact solution for specific applications, such as high-voltage, low-bandwidth measurements, and low-speed turn-on with fast turn-off power switching scenarios, including solid-state switches and hot-swap circuits. Moreover, they present a straightforward, cost-effective method for driving JFETs, simplifying the circuit design and eliminating the need for an additional negative power source.
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- 2024
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29. Translating Evidence into Practice: A Review of Clinical Practice and Outcomes following the Adoption of an Early Post-Mastectomy Discharge Protocol in a Nigerian Hospital.
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Olasehinde O, Fagbayimu MO, Aderounmu A, Komolafe T, Ameen M, Alatise O, and Adisa A
- Abstract
Introduction: In Nigeria, mastectomy is the most common surgical treatment for breast cancer. Patients are often kept on admission for days until wound drains are removed. An early discharge programme was piloted in a Nigerian hospital in 2017 with very satisfactory outcomes. The impact of this evidence on clinical practice and surgical outcomes was evaluated over 5 years., Methods: From a prospectively maintained institutional database, the details of patients who underwent mastectomy between 2018 and 2022 were obtained. The duration of post-operative stay was obtained and analysed per year to determine the trend. Post-operative surgical complications such as seroma, haematoma, flap necrosis, and surgical site infection were analysed., Results: Overall, 147 patients (69%) had early discharge during the review period. Twenty-two patients (10.3%) were discharged within 24 h of surgery, 61 patients (28.6%) were discharged within 24-48 h, and 64 patients (30%) were discharged between 48 and 72 h. There was a steady increase in the adoption of the early discharge protocol over time with a 50% adoption rate in 2018 and 95% in 2022. The mean duration of hospital stay declined steadily from 3.9 days in 2018 to 2.2 days in 2022. Early discharge did not result in any compromise to post-operative outcomes., Conclusion: This study demonstrates the sustainability of early post-mastectomy discharge in a resource-limited setting with very satisfactory outcomes. It also provides a unique example of how locally generated evidence can guide local practice. We consider these findings generalisable in other Nigerian hospitals and low- and middle-income countries with similar contexts., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare., (© 2024 S. Karger AG, Basel.)
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- 2024
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30. Translation and psychometric assessment of the mastectomy module of the BREAST-Q questionnaire for use in Nigeria.
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Olasehinde O, Lynch KA, Goldman DA, Agodirin O, Okereke C, Wuraola FO, Owoade IA, Akinmaye PR, Ajibade O, Barber K, Ogunwale J, Alatise O, Kingham TP, Pusic A, and Romanoff A
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- Humans, Female, Psychometrics, Nigeria, Reproducibility of Results, Pilot Projects, Surveys and Questionnaires, Mastectomy, Breast Neoplasms surgery
- Abstract
Background: The majority of non-metastatic breast cancer patients in sub-Saharan Africa are recommended to have mastectomy. The impact of mastectomy on a predominantly young African patient population requires evaluation. The BREAST-Q is a validated patient-reported outcome measure of quality-of-life following breast surgery that has been translated into 30 languages-none in Africa. This study aimed to translate and assess the psychometric properties of the mastectomy module of the BREAST-Q for use in Nigeria., Methods: The BREAST-Q mastectomy module was translated from English to Yoruba and its psychometric properties assessed using best practice guidelines. Translation was performed in 4 steps: forward translation (x2), back translation, back translation review, and cognitive interviews with post-mastectomy patients. The translated BREAST-Q instrument was administered to post-mastectomy patients (n = 21) alongside the EORTC-QLQ BR23 to evaluate construct validity. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC); surveys were re-administered 4 weeks apart., Results: The translation process identified English phrases not amenable to direct translation, including "emotionally healthy" and descriptions of pain ("nagging," "throbbing," "sharp"). Translations were amended to reflect local context and question intent. During cognitive interviews, patients provided suggestions to simplify complex phrases, e.g. "discomfort in your breast area.". Internal consistency within scales was over 0.70 for psychosocial wellbeing (α = 0.84-0.87), sexual wellbeing (α = 0.98-0.99), physical wellbeing in chest (α = 0.84-0.86), and satisfaction with care (α = 0.89-0.93). ICC for test-retest reliability was moderate (0.46-0.63)., Conclusions: The Yoruba version of the BREAST-Q mastectomy module presents a unique opportunity to adequately capture the experiences of Nigerian women post mastectomy. This instrument is being used in a pilot study of Nigerian patients to identify targets for intervention to improve the patient experience and compliance with breast cancer surgery., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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31. Breast Cancer Stage at Diagnosis in a Nigerian Hospital: Trend over a Decade.
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Olasehinde O, Aderounmu A, Wuraola F, Omisore A, Akinkuolie A, Towoju A, Mohammed T, Mango V, Kingham PT, Adisa A, and Alatise O
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- Female, Humans, Black People statistics & numerical data, Retrospective Studies, Databases, Factual statistics & numerical data, Databases, Factual trends, Nigeria epidemiology, Educational Status, Community-Institutional Relations trends, Breast Neoplasms diagnosis, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Hospitals, Teaching statistics & numerical data, Early Detection of Cancer statistics & numerical data, Early Detection of Cancer trends, Health Promotion statistics & numerical data, Health Promotion trends
- Abstract
Background: Breast cancer outcomes are poor in Nigeria, partly due to late-stage diagnosis. To assess the impact of past and present interventions, a review of an institutional data base was performed to determine the trend with respect to stage at diagnosis over a decade., Methods: A retrospective analysis of an institutional data base was performed over a decade. The review period was divided into segments (2013-2015, 2016-2018 and 2019-2022). The latter period (2019-2022), corresponds to a time of more intense community interventions aimed at promoting early diagnosis and treatment around the locality of the teaching hospital. The stage at diagnosis within these periods were compared. The relationship between stage and sociodemographic variables (age, religion, marital status, menopausal status, and level of education) was assessed., Results: There were 910 patients, 144 within the first period (2013-2015), 318 in the second (2016-2018) and 454 in the third period (2019-2022). The majority presented with stage 3 disease (73.8%). There was a significant decline in the proportion of metastatic cases and a concomitant increase in early cases in the latter part of the review. The proportion of metastatic cases reduced from 23.6% (2013-2015), to 15.7% (2016-2018) and 9.3% (2019-2022) (p=0.001). Level of education was significantly associated with stage (p=0.001)., Conclusion: This study shows a trend towards downstaging of breast cancer in our locality. This trend corresponds to the period of more intense community interventions, justifying the need to further interrogate the direct impact of each of the interventions. This will provide a firm basis for sustaining or improving on current efforts to achieve more robust gains., Competing Interests: The Authors declare that no competing interest exists, (Copyright © 2023 by West African Journal of Medicine.)
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- 2023
32. Global Cancer Surgery: pragmatic solutions to improve cancer surgery outcomes worldwide.
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Are C, Murthy SS, Sullivan R, Schissel M, Chowdhury S, Alatise O, Anaya D, Are M, Balch C, Bartlett D, Brennan M, Cairncross L, Clark M, Deo SVS, Dudeja V, D'Ugo D, Fadhil I, Giuliano A, Gopal S, Gutnik L, Ilbawi A, Jani P, Kingham TP, Lorenzon L, Leiphrakpam P, Leon A, Martinez-Said H, McMasters K, Meltzer DO, Mutebi M, Zafar SN, Naik V, Newman L, Oliveira AF, Park DJ, Pramesh CS, Rao S, Subramanyeshwar Rao T, Bargallo-Rocha E, Romanoff A, Rositch AF, Rubio IT, Salvador de Castro Ribeiro H, Sbaity E, Senthil M, Smith L, Toi M, Turaga K, Yanala U, Yip CH, Zaghloul A, and Anderson BO
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- Humans, Global Health, Health Policy, Surgeons, Neoplasms surgery
- Abstract
The first Lancet Oncology Commission on Global Cancer Surgery was published in 2015 and serves as a landmark paper in the field of cancer surgery. The Commission highlighted the burden of cancer and the importance of cancer surgery, while documenting the many inadequacies in the ability to deliver safe, timely, and affordable cancer surgical care. This Commission builds on the first Commission by focusing on solutions and actions to improve access to cancer surgery globally, developed by drawing upon the expertise from cancer surgery leaders across the world. We present solution frameworks in nine domains that can improve access to cancer surgery. These nine domains were refined to identify solutions specific to the six WHO regions. On the basis of these solutions, we developed eight actions to propel essential improvements in the global capacity for cancer surgery. Our initiatives are broad in scope, pragmatic, affordable, and contextually applicable, and aimed at cancer surgeons as well as leaders, administrators, elected officials, and health policy advocates. We envision that the solutions and actions contained within the Commission will address inequities and promote safe, timely, and affordable cancer surgery for every patient, regardless of their socioeconomic status or geographic location., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests CA holds a patent for a laparoscopic instrument with the University of Nebraska, and serves in leadership positions and committees in the Society of Surgical Oncology, American College of Surgeons, Indian Association of Surgical Oncology, The Global Forum of Cancer Surgeons, Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, National Cancer Institute, National Comprehensive Cancer Network, and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. SC's current affiliation is Janssen (Boston, MA, USA) where he began work in June, 2022. MT received grants and contracts from Chugai, Takeda, Pfizer, Taiho, Japan Breast Cancer Research Group, Kyoto Breast Cancer Research Network, Eisai, Eli Lilly and Company, Daiichi Sankyo, AstraZeneca, Astellas, Shimadzu, Yakult, Nippon Kayaku, AFI Technology, Luxonus, Shionogi, GL Sciences, and Sanwa Shurui; payments or honoraria from Chugai, Takeda, Pfizer, Kyowa–Kirin, Taiho, Eisai, Daiichi Sankyo, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, MSD, Exact Science, Novartis, Shimadzu, Yakult, Nippon Kayaku, Devicore Medical Japan, and Sysmex; participates in the data safety monitoring board or advisory board of Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly and Company, BMS, Athenex Oncology, Bertis, Terumo, and Kansai Medical Net; and serves as an Associate Editor for British Journal of Cancer, Scientific Reports, Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, Cancer Science, Frontiers in Oncology, Asian Journal of Surgery, and Asian Journal of Breast Surgery. LN received honoraria for speaking and educational events from Duke University, University of Chicago, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, BioAscend, MJH Healthcare Holdings, Society of Surgical Oncology, and American Cancer Society; serves on the Johns Hopkins Data Safety Monitoring Board for KALPAS Study and Duke University Cancer Center SPORE External Advisory Board; holds leadership roles in the Board of Directors, American Association for Cancer Research (unpaid/non-salaried), Board of Directors, SHARE Cancer Patient Support Organization (unpaid/non-salaried), and the Susan G Komen Scientific Advisory Board (unpaid/non-salaried). HM-S received payment or honoraria from Merck and Bristol Myers Squibb. AFR served as a co-lead of the implementation group of WHO's Global Breast Cancer Initiative, and has stock units as an employee of Hologic. ITR received honoraria from AstraZeneca and MSD. All other authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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33. A novel method to estimate the aggregate pollution index in a typical limestone mining and cement producing environment.
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Akinyemi OD, Kazeem S, Alatise O, Bada B, and Alayaki F
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- Environmental Monitoring methods, Metals, Heavy analysis
- Abstract
This study presents a novel method to estimate the aggregate pollution index (API) within the residential communities around a limestone mining and cement producing environment. The ranges for the air quality index (AQI), pollution load index in the topsoil (PLI
t ), pollution load index in the subsoil (PLIs ), heavy metal pollution index in the water (HPI), and radiological external hazard index (Hex ) were 5.99 to 57.97, 1.65E-07 to 3.6E-04, 1.7E-08 to 3.5E-04, 52.17 to 1053.13, and 0.0694 Bq.kg-1 to 0.550, respectively. The AQI, PLIt , PLIs , HPI, and Hex revealed nonuniform patterns of variations across the communities, though there was a significant correlation between the PLIt and the PLIs , and between the HPI and the Hex ; and a moderate correlation between the HPI and the AQI, between the HPI and the PLIt , and between the HPI and the PLIs . The measured quality indicators (MQI), and the calculated pollution indices (CPI) were subjected to the multivariate analysis. The principal components (PC) split the ten communities the same way in the CPI and the MQI. The API, using the PC, ranged from 3 to 9. The Afami, Balogun, and Akinbo communities had the highest API, while the Ewekoro and Itori communities had the lowest. The CPI was 41% of the MQI, with respect to the within-cluster variance, indicating that the CPI-based clustering was more reliable. Both the CPI and the MQI attributed a unique pollution signature to the Ewekoro community, while the remaining nine communities shared a common pollution status with the Ibese community., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)- Published
- 2023
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34. Assessment of the multilevel correlations of the pollution indicators and lithological vulnerabilities in a passive limestone mining and cement producing environment.
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Akinyemi OD, Kazeem S, Alatise O, Bada B, and Alayaki F
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- Calcium Carbonate, Environmental Monitoring, Risk Assessment, Uranium, Environmental Pollutants, Metals, Heavy analysis, Soil Pollutants analysis
- Abstract
This study presents the assessment of the air, soil, and water quality within the residential communities around two passive limestone mining/cement factories. The associations between the pollutants were tested across the media, within each medium, between the layers, and between two groups of the communities. The mean values for the PM
1.0 , PM2.5 , and PM10 were 65.8 µgm-3 , 50.1, and 73.7, respectively, in the air; for the Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, K-40, U-238, and Th-232 were 0.433 g/kg, 8.950, 0.005, 0.054, 0.104, 161.57 Bq. kg-1 , 61.10, and 15.85, respectively, in the topsoil; 0.365 g/kg, 8.259, 0.004, 0.029, 0.057, 71.84 Bq. kg-1 , 16.37, 4.66, respectively, in the subsoil; and for the Mn, Fe, and Zn were 0.190, 1.499, and 0.256 mg/l, respectively, in the water. The PM10 , Fe, and K-40 were the most abundant pollutants. The Co and Mn, Zn and Cu, Fe and Cu, the absorbed dose rate (ADR) and K-40, and ADR and U-238 correlated significantly. Though the Ibese group was more polluted than the Ewekoro group, the generally low levels of the pollutions were confirmatory of the earlier suspicions of the mining/production activities. The 2nd lithological layer at 0.5 to 1.9 m depths or the 3rd lithological layer at 1.1 to 7.69 m depths for the Ibese group and the 1st layer at the surface or the 2nd layer at 0.5 m depth for the Ewekoro group are protective layers for the groundwater that must not be exploited, given the three classes of groundwater vulnerability indices observed in the area., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)- Published
- 2023
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35. Prevalence and determinants of lymphedema in newly diagnosed Nigerian breast cancer patients using bioimpedance estimations.
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Wuraola F, Olasehinde O, Di Bernardo M, Akinyemi P, Owoade I, Mohammed T, Aderounmu A, Ogunleye S, Adeleye A, Ogunyemi M, Knapp G, Kingham P, and Alatise O
- Abstract
Background: Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is common and has significant impact on quality of life. Very little is known about BCRL in sub-Saharan Africa. Generally, BCRL has been mostly evaluated post treatment, with very limited data on the prevalence of pre-treatment BCRL at baseline. This study presents the prevalence and clinical associations of lymphedema among newly diagnosed, treatment-naive breast cancer patients in a Nigerian cohort using bioimpedance estimations., Methods: Consecutively consenting, newly diagnosed, treatment-naive breast cancer patients were assessed for upper limb lymphedema using bioimpedance measurements of the extracellular fluid and the single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis value at 5 kHz. Patients were classified as having lymphedema if there was >10% difference in arm measurements or if the ratios of the arm measurements were >3 SD above a normative mean generated from representative controls. Regression analysis was performed to determine clinical variables associated with lymphedema., Results: There were 154 breast cancer patients with a median age of 47 (40.0-56.8) years and a body mass index of 27 (23.5-30.9) kg/m
2 . The majority (70%) had stage III disease. All measurements were significantly higher in cases than controls. Using various definitions, the prevalence of lymphedema was between 11.7% and 14.3%. Various clinical variables relating to clinical stage were significantly associated with lymphedema., Conclusion: The predominance of locally advanced disease in the Nigerian setting is associated with high pre-treatment lymphedema rates. This may set the stage for higher rates in the post-operative setting. Management of lymphedema should be incorporated into the treatment planning., Competing Interests: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial conflicts of interest., (© the authors; licensee ecancermedicalscience.)- Published
- 2023
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36. Association of lipid profile biomarkers with breast cancer by molecular subtype: analysis of the MEND study.
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Gupta A, Saraiya V, Deveaux A, Oyekunle T, Jackson KD, Salako O, Daramola A, Hall A, Alatise O, Ogun G, Adeniyi A, Ayandipo O, Olajide T, Olasehinde O, Arowolo O, Adisa A, Afuwape O, Olusanya A, Adegoke A, Tollefsbol TO, Arnett D, Muehlbauer MJ, Newgard CB, and Akinyemiju T
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- Biomarkers, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Female, Humans, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Triglycerides, Breast Neoplasms, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms epidemiology
- Abstract
There is conflicting evidence on the role of lipid biomarkers in breast cancer (BC), and no study to our knowledge has examined this association among African women. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association of lipid biomarkers-total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides-with odds of BC overall and by subtype (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched and triple-negative or TNBC) for 296 newly diagnosed BC cases and 116 healthy controls in Nigeria. Each unit standard deviation (SD) increase in triglycerides was associated with 39% increased odds of BC in fully adjusted models (aOR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.86). Among post-menopausal women, higher total cholesterol (aOR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.57), LDL cholesterol (aOR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.41), and triglycerides (aOR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.21, 3.01) were associated with increased odds of BC. Additionally, each unit SD increase in LDL was associated with 64% increased odds of Luminal B BC (aOR 1.64; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.55). Clinically low HDL was associated with 2.7 times increased odds of TNBC (aOR 2.67; 95% CI: 1.10, 6.49). Among post-menopausal women, higher LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly associated with increased odds of Luminal B BC and HER2 BC, respectively. In conclusion, low HDL and high LDL are associated with increased odds of TN and Luminal B BC, respectively, among African women. Future prospective studies can definitively characterize this association and inform clinical approaches targeting HDL as a BC prevention strategy., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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37. Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Breast Cancer by Molecular Subtype: Analysis of the MEND Study.
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Akinyemiju T, Oyekunle T, Salako O, Gupta A, Alatise O, Ogun G, Adeniyi A, Deveaux A, Hall A, Ayandipo O, Olajide T, Olasehinde O, Arowolo O, Adisa A, Afuwape O, Olusanya A, Adegoke A, Tollefsbol TO, Arnett D, Muehlbauer MJ, Newgard CB, and Daramola A
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Odds Ratio, Risk Factors, Waist Circumference, Breast Neoplasms diagnosis, Metabolic Syndrome complications, Metabolic Syndrome epidemiology, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
- Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a cluster of biological irregularities. The purpose of this analysis was to examine the association of MetS with BC among Nigerian women, and for the first time evaluate this association by molecular subtype., Materials and Methods: MetS was defined as having at least 3 out of 5 of: high blood pressure (≥ 130/85 mm Hg), reduced HDL (< 50 mg/dL), elevated triglyceride (> 150 mg/dL), high waist circumference (≥ 80 cm), and prior diagnosis of diabetes or elevated fasting glucose level (≥ 100 mg/dL). Among 296 newly diagnosed BC cases and 259 healthy controls, multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between MetS and BC overall. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to evaluate each molecular subtype (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched and triple-negative or TNBC)., Results: After adjusting for age, socio-demographic and reproductive risk factors, there was a positive association between MetS and BC (aOR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.07, 3.16). In stratified analyses, MetS was associated with BC regardless of BMI status; however, the estimate was significant only among normal weight women (aOR: 3.85; 95% CI: 1.25, 11.90). MetS was significantly associated with TNBC subtype (aOR: 4.37, 95% CI: 1.67, 11.44); associations for other molecular subtypes were not statistically significant., Conclusion: MetS appears to be a robust risk factor for BC, particularly for TNBC. Public health and clinical interventions can provide substantial benefits in reducing the burden of MetS and preventing BC among Nigerian women., (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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38. The iBreastExam versus clinical breast examination for breast evaluation in high risk and symptomatic Nigerian women: a prospective study.
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Mango VL, Olasehinde O, Omisore AD, Wuraola FO, Famurewa OC, Sevilimedu V, Knapp GC, Steinberg E, Akinmaye PR, Adewoyin BD, Romanoff A, Castle PE, Alatise O, and Kingham TP
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- Adult, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Nigeria, Prospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Breast diagnostic imaging, Breast Neoplasms diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: The iBreastExam electronically palpates the breast to identify possible abnormalities. We assessed the iBreastExam performance compared with clinical breast examination for breast lesion detection in high risk and symptomatic Nigerian women., Methods: This prospective study was done at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC) in Nigeria. Participants were Nigerian women aged 40 years or older who were symptomatic and presented with breast cancer symptoms or those at high risk with a first-degree relative who had a history of breast cancer. Participants underwent four breast examinations: clinical breast examination (by an experienced surgeon), the iBreastExam (performed by recent nursing school graduates, who finished nursing school within the previous year), ultrasound, and mammography. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV) of the iBreastExam and clinical breast examination for detecting any breast lesion and suspicious breast lesions were calculated, using mammography and ultrasound as the reference standard., Findings: Between June 19 and Dec 5, 2019, 424 Nigerian women were enrolled (151 [36%] at high risk of breast cancer and 273 [64%] symptomatic women). The median age of participants was 46 years (IQR 42-52). 419 (99%) women had a breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) assessment and were included in the analysis. For any breast finding, the iBreastExam showed significantly better sensitivity than clinical breast examination (63%, 95% CI 57-69 vs 31%, 25-37; p<0·0001), and clinical breast examination showed significantly better specificity (94%, 90-97 vs 59%, 52-66; p<0·0001). For suspicious breast findings, the iBreastExam showed similar sensitivity to clinical breast examination (86%, 95% CI 70-95 vs 83%, 67-94; p=0·65), and clinical breast examination showed significantly better specificity (50%, 45-55 vs 86%, 83-90; p<0·0001). The iBreastExam and clinical breast examination showed similar NPVs for any breast finding (56%, 49-63 vs 52%, 46-57; p=0·080) and suspicious findings (98%, 94-99 vs 98%, 96-99; p=0·42), whereas the PPV was significantly higher for clinical breast examination in any breast finding (87%, 77-93 vs 66%, 59-72; p<0·0001) and suspicious findings (37%, 26-48 vs 14%, 10-19; p=0·0020). Of 15 biopsy-confirmed cancers, clinical breast examination and the iBreastExam detected an ipsilateral breast abnormality in 13 (87%) women and missed the same two cancers (both <2 cm)., Interpretation: The iBreastExam by nurses showed a high sensitivity and NPV, but lower specificity than surgeon's clinical breast examination for identifying suspicious breast lesions. In locations with few experienced practitioners, the iBreastExam might provide a high sensitivity breast evaluation tool. Further research into improved specificity with device updates and cost feasibility in low-resource settings is warranted., Funding: Prevent Cancer Foundation Global Community Grant Award with additional support from the P30 Cancer Center Support Grant (P30 CA008748)., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests VLM reports consultant fees from Bayer Healthcare and Koios Medical, and a research grant from Pfizer, outside of the submitted work. OO and ADO report research grants from Pfizer, outside of the submitted work. All other authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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39. Use of energy device in general surgical operations: impact on peri-operative outcomes.
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Olasehinde O, Owojuyigbe A, Adeyemo A, Mosanya A, Aaron O, Wuraola F, Owoniya T, Owojuyigbe T, Alatise O, and Adisa A
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- Electrocoagulation, Humans, Operative Time, Retrospective Studies, Blood Loss, Surgical, Hemostasis, Surgical methods
- Abstract
Background: The introduction of energy devices has significantly expanded the scope of surgical expedition. The LigaSure™ vessel sealing system is a bipolar electrosurgical device, recently introduced to our practice. Its impact on peri-operative outcomes in a variety of major operations was evaluated in this study., Methods: A retrospective review of operations performed following the adoption of the LigaSure™ vessel sealing device was carried out. Five categories of operations were evaluated (Thyroidectomies, Gastrectomies, Colectomies, Pancreaticoduodenectomies, and Anterior/Abdomino-perineal resection [A/APR of the rectum). Peri-operative outcomes (duration of operation, intra-operative blood loss, blood transfusion rates) were compared with a cohort of similar operations performed using conventional techniques. Data analysis and comparisons were done on a subgroup basis., Results: A total of 117 operations were performed using the LigaSure™ device with thyroidectomies being the most common (66/117-56.4%). Compared to cases done using conventional techniques of suture and knot with electrocautery (120 cases), the use of LigaSure™ was associated with a significant reduction in operation time in all categories of operations. Intraoperative blood loss was also lower in all categories of cases, but this was only statistically significant following A/APR and Thyroidectomies. Generally, there was a trend towards a reduction in blood transfusion rates., Conclusions: The use of energy devices for surgical operations is feasible in a resource-limited setting. It has the potential of improving outcomes., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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40. Association of body composition with odds of breast cancer by molecular subtype: analysis of the Mechanisms for Established and Novel Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Nigerian Women (MEND) study.
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Akinyemiju T, Jones K, Gupta A, Oyekunle T, Saraiya V, Deveaux A, Salako O, Hall A, Alatise O, Ogun G, Adeniyi A, Ayandipo O, Olajide T, Olasehinde O, Arowolo O, Adisa A, Afuwape O, Olusanya A, Adegoke A, Tollefsbol TO, Arnett D, and Daramola A
- Subjects
- Adult, Body Height, Body Mass Index, Body Weight, Breast Neoplasms chemistry, Case-Control Studies, Confidence Intervals, Female, Humans, Menopause, Middle Aged, Nigeria, Odds Ratio, Reproductive History, Risk Factors, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms chemistry, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms etiology, Body Composition, Breast Neoplasms etiology
- Abstract
Background: The association between obesity and breast cancer (BC) has been extensively studied among US, European and Asian study populations, with often conflicting evidence. However, despite the increasing prevalence of obesity and associated conditions in Africa, the continent with the highest age-standardized BC mortality rate globally, few studies have evaluated this association, and none has examined in relation to molecular subtypes among African women. The current analysis examines the association between body composition, defined by body mass index (BMI), height, and weight, and BC by molecular subtype among African women., Methods: We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between measures of body composition and BC and molecular subtypes among 419 histologically confirmed cases of BC and 286 healthy controls from the Mechanisms for Established and Novel Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Women of Nigerian Descent (MEND) case-control study., Results: Higher BMI (aOR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.95) and weight (aOR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.98) were associated with reduced odds of BC in adjusted models, while height was associated with non-statistically significant increased odds of BC (aOR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.90, 1.28). In pre/peri-menopausal, but not post-menopausal women, both higher BMI and weight were significantly associated with reduced odds of BC. Further, higher BMI was associated with reduced odds of Luminal A, Luminal B, and HER2-enriched BC among pre/peri-menopausal women, and reduced odds of triple-negative BC among post-menopausal women., Conclusions: Higher BMI and weight were associated with reduced odds of BC overall and by molecular subtype among West African women. Larger studies of women of African descent are needed to definitively characterize these associations and inform cancer prevention strategies., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
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- 2021
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41. Cancer Clinical Trials in Africa-An Untapped Opportunity: Recommendations From AORTIC 2019 Conference Special Interest Group in Clinical Trials.
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Ibraheem A, Pillai C, Okoye I, Smith JJ, Reidy-Lagunes D, Macaulay G, and Alatise O
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- Africa, Congresses as Topic, Humans, Clinical Trials as Topic, Neoplasms therapy
- Abstract
Cancer is now a formidable health care burden in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) due to lifestyle westernization and longer life expectancy. The exponential increase in cancer incidence coupled with high mortality rate is not comparable with that seen in westernized countries. To address global cancer disparity, globalization of cancer clinical trials to involve sub-Saharan Africa can serve as a platform where innovative targeted therapies can be made available to patients in the environ. In the 2019 African Organization for Research and Training in Cancer (AORTIC) conference held at Maputo, Mozambique, a group of clinical trialists spanning across multiple continents highlighted the opportunities in Africa for the conduct of cancer clinical trials. The secondary purpose of the meeting was to address the belief that Africa was incapable of conducting interventional cancer trials but showed the in-continent strengths, such as available capacities, trained local clinical trialists with clinical trial experiences, clinical trial consortia, local capabilities, mapping out logistics, ethical consideration, political will, real-time benefits of clinical trials to clinical practice, and future directions for trials., Competing Interests: Colin PillaiEmployment: Roche, CP+ Associates GmbHLeadership: Clinical Research Management LTD (ACE Research), Nairobi, KenyaStock and Other Ownership Interests: Novartis, Alcon, RocheConsulting or Advisory Role: Johnson & Johnson/Janssen Ifeoma OkoyeStock and Other Ownership Interests: Safety Molecular Pathology Laboratory J. Joshua SmithConsulting or Advisory Role: Guardant Health Diane Reidy-LagunesHonoraria: NovartisConsulting or Advisory Role: Lexicon, Advanced Accelerator ApplicationsResearch Funding: Novartis, Ipsen, Merck Grace MacaulayEmployment: MedImmune, Cepheid/DanaherStock and Other Ownership Interests: MedImmuneNo other potential conflicts of interest were reported.
- Published
- 2021
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42. Association of Life-Course Educational Attainment and Breast Cancer Grade in the MEND Study.
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Gupta A, Jones K, Deveaux A, Bevel M, Salako O, Daramola A, Hall A, Alatise O, Ogun G, Adeniyi A, Ojo A, Ayandipo O, Olajide T, Olasehinde O, Arowolo O, Adisa A, Afuwape O, Olusanya A, Adegoke A, Tollefsbol TO, Arnett D, Newgard CB, and Akinyemiju T
- Subjects
- Academic Success, Adult, Breast Neoplasms epidemiology, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Nigeria epidemiology, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Educational Status, Social Class
- Abstract
Background: Nigeria reports the highest age-standardized mortality rate for breast cancer (BC) among African countries and disproportionately high rates of high-grade cancer. Histological grade is a strong predictor of mortality, and evidence suggests that educational attainment influences cancer outcomes., Objective: We characterize the association between educational trends across the life-course and BC grade at diagnosis., Methods: Data on 224 BC patients enrolled in the Mechanisms for Established and Novel Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Nigerian Women (MEND) study was analyzed. Participant and parental (mother and father) education was categorized as low (primary school or less) or high (secondary school or greater). Accordingly, the educational trend across the life-course was determined for each participant relative to each parent: stable high, increasing, decreasing, or stable low. BC grade was classified as high (grade 3) or low (grades 1-2)., Findings: About 34% of participants, 71% of fathers, and 85% of mothers had low education. Approximately one-third of participants were diagnosed with high-grade BC. Participants with low-grade BC were more likely to have highly educated fathers (p = 0.04). After adjusting for age, comorbidities, marital status and mammogram screening, participants with highly educated fathers were 60% less likely to have high-grade BC (aOR 0.41; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.84) compared to those with less-educated fathers. Stable high life-course education relative to father was also associated with a significantly lower likelihood of having high-grade BC (aOR 0.36; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.87) compared to stable low life-course education. No significant associations were observed for the participant's education, mother's education, or life-course education relative to mother., Conclusions: Early-life socioeconomic status (SES) may influence BC grade. This deserves further study to inform policies that may be useful in reducing high-grade BC in Nigeria., Competing Interests: The authors have no competing interests to declare., (Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s).)
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- 2021
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43. Association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and odds of breast cancer by molecular subtype: analysis of the MEND study.
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Gupta A, Oyekunle T, Salako O, Daramola A, Alatise O, Ogun G, Adeniyi A, Deveaux A, Saraiya V, Hall A, Ayandipo O, Olajide T, Olasehinde O, Arowolo O, Adisa A, Afuwape O, Olusanya A, Adegoke A, Tollefsbol TO, Arnett D, Muehlbauer MJ, Newgard CB, and Akinyemiju T
- Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) in Nigeria is characterized by disproportionately aggressive molecular subtypes. C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with risk and aggressiveness for several types of cancer. We examined the association of high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) with odds of BC by molecular subtype among Nigerian women. Among 296 newly diagnosed BC cases and 259 healthy controls, multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between hsCRP and odds of BC overall and by molecular subtype (luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched and triple-negative or TNBC). High hsCRP (> 3 mg/L) was observed in 57% of cases and 31% of controls and was associated with 4 times the odds of BC (aOR: 4.43; 95% CI: 2.56, 7.66) after adjusting for socio-demographic, reproductive, and clinical variables. This association persisted regardless of menopausal status and body mass index (BMI) category. High hsCRP was associated with increased odds of TNBC (aOR: 3.32; 95% CI: 1.07, 10.35), luminal A BC (aOR: 4.03; 95% CI: 1.29, 12.64), and HER2-enriched BC (aOR: 6.27; 95% CI: 1.69, 23.25). Future studies are necessary in this population to further evaluate a potential role for CRP as a predictive biomarker for BC., Competing Interests: CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results., (Copyright: © 2021 Gupta et al.)
- Published
- 2021
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44. Contemporary management of breast cancer in Nigeria: Insights from an institutional database.
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Olasehinde O, Alatise O, Omisore A, Wuraola F, Odujoko O, Romanoff A, Akinkuolie A, Arowolo O, Adisa A, Knapp G, Famurewa O, Omisile I, Onabanjo E, Constable J, Omoniyi-Esan G, Adesunkanmi AR, Lawal O, and Kingham TP
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Breast Neoplasms metabolism, Databases, Factual, Disease Management, Drug Therapy statistics & numerical data, Female, Humans, Mastectomy statistics & numerical data, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Nigeria, Prospective Studies, Radiotherapy statistics & numerical data, Survival Analysis, Young Adult, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Breast Neoplasms therapy, Receptor, ErbB-2 metabolism, Receptors, Estrogen metabolism
- Abstract
High-quality data are needed to guide interventions aimed at improving breast cancer outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa. We present data from an institutional breast cancer database to create a framework for cancer policy and development in Nigeria. An institutional database was queried for consecutive patients diagnosed with breast cancer between January 2010 and December 2018. Sociodemographic, diagnostic, histopathologic, treatment and outcome variables were analyzed. Of 607 patients, there were 597 females with a mean age of 49.8 ± 12.2 years. Most patients presented with a palpable mass (97%) and advanced disease (80.2% ≥ Stage III). Immunohistochemistry was performed on 21.6% (131/607) of specimens. Forty percent were estrogen receptor positive, 32.8% were positive for HER-2 and 43.5% were triple negative. Surgery was performed on 49.9% (303/607) of patients, while 72% received chemotherapy and 7.9% had radiotherapy. At a median follow-up period of 20.5 months, the overall survival was 43.6% (95% CI -37.7 to 49.5). Among patients with resectable disease, 18.8% (57/303) experienced a recurrence. Survival was significantly better for early-stage disease (I and II) compared to late-stage disease (III or IV) (78.6% vs 33.3%, P < .001). Receipt of adjuvant radiotherapy after systemic chemotherapy was associated with improved survival in patients with locally advanced disease (68.5%, CI -46.3 to 86 vs 51%, CI 38.6 to 61.9, P < .001). This large cohort highlights the dual burden of advanced disease and inadequate access to comprehensive breast cancer care in Nigeria. There is a significant potential for improving outcomes by promoting early diagnosis and facilitating access to multimodality treatment., (© 2021 UICC.)
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- 2021
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45. Feasibility and performance of the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) for average-risk colorectal cancer screening in Nigeria.
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Knapp GC, Alatise O, Olopade B, Samson M, Olasehinde O, Wuraola F, Odujoko OO, Komolafe AO, Arije OO, Castle PE, Smith JJ, Weiser MR, and Kingham TP
- Subjects
- Adenoma diagnosis, Adenoma pathology, Aged, Animals, Colorectal Neoplasms pathology, Endoscopy, Feasibility Studies, Feces parasitology, Female, Humans, Immunochemistry, Male, Middle Aged, Nigeria, Parasites physiology, Risk Factors, Colorectal Neoplasms diagnosis, Early Detection of Cancer, Feces chemistry
- Abstract
Introduction: There is a paucity of prospective data on the performance of the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this exploratory analysis was to evaluate the feasibility and performance of FIT in Nigeria., Methods: This was a prospective, single-arm study. A convenience sample of asymptomatic, average-risk individuals between 40-75 years of age were enrolled at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital. Study participants returned in 48 hours with a specimen for ova and parasite (O&P) and qualitative FIT (50ug/g) testing. Participants with a positive FIT had follow-up colonoscopy and those with intestinal parasites were provided treatment., Results: Between May-June 2019, 379 individuals enrolled with a median age of 51 years (IQR 46-58). In total, 87.6% (n = 332) returned for FIT testing. FIT positivity was 20.5% (95% CI = 16.3%-25.2%). Sixty-one (89.7%) of participants with a positive FIT had a follow-up colonoscopy (n = 61), of whom 9.8% (95%CI:3.7-20.2%) had an adenoma and 4.9% (95%CI:1.0-13.7%) had advanced adenomas. Presence of intestinal parasites was inversely related to FIT positivity (6.5% with vs. 21.1% without parasites, p = 0.05). Eighty-two percent of participants found the FIT easy to use and 100% would recommend the test to eligible family or friends if available., Conclusions: Asymptomatic, FIT-based CRC screening was feasible and well tolerated in this exploratory analysis. However, the high FIT positivity and low positive predictive value for advanced neoplasia raises concerns about its practicality and cost effectiveness in a low-resource setting such as Nigeria., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2021
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46. Collaborative Molecular Epidemiology Study of Metabolic Dysregulation, DNA Methylation, and Breast Cancer Risk Among Nigerian Women: MEND Study Objectives and Design.
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Akinyemiju T, Salako O, Daramola A, Alatise O, Adeniyi A, Ogun G, Ayandipo O, Olajide T, Olasehinde O, Arowolo O, Adisa A, Afuwape O, Olusanya A, Adegoke A, Ojo A, Tollefsbol T, and Arnett D
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Breast Neoplasms metabolism, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Case-Control Studies, Female, Humans, Medical Records, Metabolic Diseases metabolism, Metabolic Diseases pathology, Middle Aged, Molecular Epidemiology, Nigeria epidemiology, Research Design, Risk Factors, Young Adult, Breast Neoplasms epidemiology, Breast Neoplasms genetics, DNA Methylation, Metabolic Diseases epidemiology, Metabolic Diseases genetics
- Abstract
Purpose: To elucidate the role of metabolic dysregulation and associated DNA methylation changes on breast cancer risk and aggressive subtypes among Nigerian women. We describe the design and methods of a collaborative molecular epidemiology study of breast cancer in Nigerian hospitals., Methods: The Mechanisms for Novel and Established Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Women of Nigerian Descent (MEND) study was designed as a matched case-control study of 350 patients, age 18 to 75 years, with newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve breast cancer and 350 age-matched healthy controls from surrounding geographic areas. Patients with breast cancer seen for initial diagnosis at four large tertiary hospitals in southwest Nigeria and one affiliated private hospital were recruited. Healthy female controls were selected from a cohort of 4,000 healthy women recruited as part of the Human Heredity and Health (H3) in Africa Chronic Kidney Disease Case-Control Study in Nigeria. Tumor and adjacent normal tissue, and blood and saliva samples were collected for molecular and epigenetic assays., Results: Although recruitment is ongoing, a total of 416 patients have been recruited to date, with tumor and blood samples obtained from at least 310 patients. Data on age-matched (± 6 months) controls have also been obtained and harmonized. Lipid assays for 350 pathologically verified cases and 350 age-matched controls is underway, and pathologic characterization of tumors (including immunohistochemistry for subtyping) is ongoing. Data on DNA methylation for tumors and adjacent normal tissue are expected by the end of the study period., Conclusion: The MEND study will provide a unique, high-quality source of data to evaluate the contribution of metabolic dysregulation such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome to the biology of breast cancer among Nigerian women and foster collaborative studies relevant for women of African descent globally.
- Published
- 2019
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47. Safety and feasibility of early postmastectomy discharge and home drain care in a low resource setting.
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Olasehinde O, Alatise O, Arowolo O, Adisa A, Wuraola F, Boutin-Foster C, Lawal O, and Kingham T
- Subjects
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Drainage adverse effects, Female, Humans, Length of Stay, Mastectomy adverse effects, Mastectomy economics, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Nigeria, Patient Satisfaction, Postoperative Care adverse effects, Postoperative Care economics, Postoperative Care methods, Prospective Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, Breast Neoplasms surgery, Drainage methods, Mastectomy methods, Patient Discharge, Surgical Wound therapy
- Abstract
Background: Early postmastectomy discharge with a drain in place is standard practice in most developed countries. Its feasibility has not been evaluated in low resource settings like Nigeria., Methods: Consenting patients undergoing mastectomy were discharged on the third postoperative day and assessed as outpatients for wound complications as well as their experience at home. Wound outcomes were compared with patients who had traditional long stay., Results: Forty-five of the 58 patients who had a mastectomy during the study period participated in the early discharge program (77.6%). Of these, four patients (8.9%) had drain malfunction, seroma occurred in eight patients (17.8%), eight patients (17.8%) had wound infection, and six patients (13.3%) had flap necrosis. There was no readmission. Compared with long stay patients, postoperative stay was significantly shorter (3 vs 11 days; P < 0.01) with significant cost savings, while complication rates were not statistically different. All the patients in the early discharge group were confident operating their drains and preferred early discharge. Being around relatives, reduced cost, and fear of the hospital environment were common reasons cited for their preference., Conclusion: Our results support the implementation of an early postmastectomy discharge program in a low resource setting., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2018
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48. Colorectal cancer-global burden, trends, and geographical variations.
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Douaiher J, Ravipati A, Grams B, Chowdhury S, Alatise O, and Are C
- Subjects
- Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Databases, Factual, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Sex Distribution, Colorectal Neoplasms epidemiology, Global Health
- Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to describe the trends and variations in the global burden of colorectal cancer (CRC)., Methods: Data (2012-2030) relating to CRC was extracted from GLOBOCAN 2012 database and analyzed., Results: The results of our study demonstrate a rising global burden of colorectal cancer which persists until the year 2035 and likely beyond. The rise in the global burden is not uniform with significant variations influenced by geographic location, socio-economic status, age, and gender. Although the EURO region has the highest burden, Asia as a continent continues to bear the heaviest brunt of the disease. Although the burden of disease is higher in more developed regions, mortality is considerably higher in less developed regions and this gap widens over the next two decades. The disease predominantly affects the male gender across all regions of the world. Age has a complex relation with the burden of CRC and is affected by the cross-influences relating to socio-economic status., Conclusions: The results of our study demonstrate a rising global burden of CRC with some unique variations. Knowledge of this data can increase awareness and help strategic targeting of efforts and resources., (© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2017
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49. Incisional Hernia in Women: Predisposing Factors and Management Where Mesh is not Readily Available.
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Agbakwuru E, Olabanji J, Alatise O, Okwerekwu R, and Esimai O
- Abstract
Unlabelled: Background / Aim: Incisional hernia is still relatively common in our practice. The aim of the study was to identify risk factors associated with incisional hernia in our region. The setting is the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria during a period when prosthetic mesh was not readily available., Patients and Methods: All the women who presented with incisional hernia between 1996 and 2005 were prospectively studied using a standard form to obtain information on pre-hernia (index) operations and possible predisposing factors. They all had open surgical repair and were followed up for 18-60 months., Results: Forty-four women were treated during study period. The index surgeries leading to the hernias were emergency caesarian section 26/44 (59.1%), emergency exploratory laparotomy 6/44 (13.6%), and elective surgeries 12/44 (27.3%). Major associated risk factors were the use of wrong suture materials for fascia repair, midline incisions, wound sepsis, and overweight., Conclusion: For elective surgeries, reduction of weight should be encouraged when appropriate, and transverse incisions are preferred. Absorbable sutures, especially chromic catgut, should be avoided in fascia closure. Antibiotics should be used for complicated obstetric cases.
- Published
- 2009
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