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In this paper, a deterministic mathematical model was proposed and analyzed to understand the dynamics of tuberculosis based on the SEIRS model. The disease-free equilibrium, the endemic equilibrium, and their stabilities were examined. The R0 (basic reproduction number) was derived using the Next Generation Matrix method and its sensitivity analysis showed that the birth rate and infectious rate were the most sensitive parameters of R0. The behaviour of exposed individuals at the latent period with varied treatment rates were examined through numerical simulation. From the analysis carried out, the effect of variations of the treatments of latent TB shows that it affects the disease burden. This implies that testing and treatment of latent TB are important in preventing it from becoming infectious. The re-infection rate was examined to see the effect it had both on the recovered and susceptible populations. The study concludes by recommending the extension of the model to an age structured model with co-infection with another respiratory infectious disease like COVID-19. Keywords: Epidemiology; Latent TB treatment; Basic Reproduction Number; sensitivity analysis; numerical simulation

Lassa fever is a zoonotic disease spread by infected rodents known as multimammate rats. The disease has posed a significant and major health challenge in West African countries, including Nigeria. To have a deeper understanding of Lassa fever epidemiology in Nigeria, we present a deterministic dynamical model to study its dynamical transmission behavior in the population. To mimic the disease’s biological history, we divide the population into two groups: humans and rodents. We established the quantity known as reproduction number $${\mathcal {R}}_{0}$$ R 0 . The results show that if $${\mathcal {R}}_{0} R 0 < 1 then the system is stable, otherwise it is unstable. The model fitting was performed using the nonlinear least square method on cumulative reported cases from Nigeria between 2018 and 2020 to obtain the best fit that describes the dynamics of this disease in Nigeria. In addition, sensitivity analysis was performed, and the numerical solution of the system was derived using an iterative scheme, the fifth-order Runge–Kutta method. Using different numeric values for each parameter, we investigate the effect of all highest sensitivity indices’ parameters on the population of infected humans and infected rodents. Our findings indicate that any control strategies and methods that reduce rodent populations and the risk of transmission from rodents to humans and rodents would aid in the population’s control of Lassa fever.

Alcohol has been identified as one of the major causes of traffic accident as those driving under the influence of alcohol barely comply with road safety rules and regulations. This study investigated the influence of alcohol use on compliance with road safety rules among commercial motorcyclists in Southwest Nigeria. Cross sectional descriptive research of the survey type was used to conduct the study. The sample size comprised 660 registered commercial motorcyclists selected through multi stage sampling techniques. A self-developed and validated questionnaire was used to elicit information from the respondents. The reliability of the instrument was determined through Cronbach’s alpha with a reliability coefficient of 0.82. The data analysis was done using SPSS software version 19.0. The research questions were answered using descriptive analysis and correlation matrix was used to determine the association between alcohol use and factors influencing alcohol use at 0.05 level of significance. Findings showed that majority of the motorcyclists 236 (39.4%) were regular users of alcohol and a significant negative correlation (r = -0.174, p

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a reproductive health issue prevalent among persons in conflict and post-conflict situations, but is largely under-reported in Nigeria. Although GBV affects both sexes, the prevalence is higher in women as compared to men. The objective of this study was to assess the experiences of female internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Nigeria during conflict and post-conflict situations. The study was conducted among IDPs in Edo State, south-south region of Nigeria. Data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire administered on 300 female IDPs. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted. GBV perpetrated by non-family members during conflict was experienced by 22.2% of the respondents while 13.5% experienced post-conflict violence. Up to 12.2% reported violence by intimate partners. Physical violence was commonly experienced during conflict, while sexual violence was most common post-conflict. Logistic regression analysis showed that the vulnerable categories of women were adolescents, unmarried women, women of Hausa origin, women who never attended school, and those whose displacement took place in the year prior to the study. The IDP camp appeared to offer some protection against GBV as those who had stayed in the camp longer were less likely to experience post-conflict GBV. The lack of implementation of effective laws and regulations that prevent violence against women and punish perpetuators in the country, and the ineffective security systems are some of the factors that sustain GBV. The results of this study have implications for the design of programs for the prevention of GBV during conflict and post-conflict situations.

Studies have shown that diesel exhaust particle (DEP), a typical air particulate matter (PM) component of diesel exhaust, exerts its toxic effects by inducing oxidative and pro-inflammatory effects. Naringenin is the predominant flavanone in citrus fruits and has been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-mutagenic effects. This study examined the effects of naringenin on the oxidative and inflammatory effects of DEP in aorta and heart of Wistar rats. Diesel exhaust particle collected from a vehicular source in Akure, Nigeria, was extracted in methanol, fractionated and characterized by GCMS. Forty male Wistar rats (80–90 g) were divided into 8 groups. These rats were exposed to either methanol extract of SRM 2975 (mSRM; 0.064 mg/kg) DEP or collected diesel exhaust particles (mDEP; 0.064 or 0.64 mg/kg) sample in the presence or absence of naringenin (50 mg/kg). Both the DEP extracts and naringenin (NAR) were administered by oral gavage. The molecular interactions of NAR with target proteins associated with DEP toxicity were determined using in silico approach. The results show that both mDEP and mSRM caused significant (p < 0.001) decrease in serum HDL but increase serum AST/ALT ratio, ALP, LDL, triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), tissue conjugated dienes (CD) and MDA levels. The extracts also significantly (p < 0.001) increased the expression of IL-1β, TNFα, NF-κB, IκB, and IκKB in the aorta and heart, but decreased Nrf2, HO1, and anti-inflammatory IL-10 mRNA levels when compared with control. Pretreatment with NAR significantly (p < 0.001) reversed all these DEP-induced effects in both tissues. In conclusion, naringenin has the potential to mitigate DEP-induced oxidative stress and inflammation and thus may serve as a therapeutic agent against air pollution-induced cardiovascular damage.

Despite the intervention of WHO on vaccination for reducing the spread of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), there are records of the high prevalence of HBV in some regions. In this paper, a mathematical model was formulated to analyze the acquisition and transmission process of the virus with the view of identifying the possible way of reducing the menace and mitigating the risk of the virus. The models' positivity and boundedness were demonstrated using well-known theorems. Equating the differential equations to zero demonstrates the equilibria of the solutions i.e., the disease-free and endemic equilibrium. The next Generation Matrix method was used to compute the basic reproduction number for the models. Local and global stabilities of the models were shown via linearization and Lyapunov function methods respectively. The importance of testing and treatment on the dynamics of HBV were fully discussed in this paper. It was discovered that testing at the acute stage of the virus and chronic unaware state helps in better management of the virus.

The analytical solutions of the Dirac equation under spin and pseudospin symmetries with aHellmann-like tensor potential for a class of Yukawa potential is studied via supersymmetric (SUSY)quantum mechanics (QM). The effect of Hellmann like tensor potential which is a new tensor po-tential on the energy degeneracy in both the spin and pseudospin symmetries has been investigatedin detail. The Hellmann like tensor potential removes the energy degeneracies completely in boththe spin and pseudospin symmetries. The popular Coulomb tensor and Yukawa tensor were alsodeduced from the Hellmann tensor potential.

Context: Health related quality of life (HRQL) indices could provide information about the effects of disease progression and the effectiveness of medical interventions that cannot be obtained using objective clinical measures. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess HRQL of patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at the Federal Medical Center, Makurdi in North Central Nigeria. Settings and Design: The study was a cross-sectional survey among people living with HIV/AIDs (PLWHAs) on HAART. Methods: The 546 PLWHAs on HAART were selected using systematic sampling technique. A modification of the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey Version 2 questionnaire was used to assess respondents' HRQL in eight dimensions: Physical functioning (PF), role-physical (RP), role-emotional (RE), social functioning (SF), bodily pain (BP), vitality (VT), mental health (MH), and general health (GH). Data generated after measuring and scoring HRQL using standard methods were analyzed using the SPSS 17. Results: Good HRQL ratings included: PF (98.9%), RE (98.7%), SF (98.2%), VT (96.9%), RP (96.5%), MH (96.3%), BP (94.1%), and GH (93.4%). Predictors of good HRQL were as follows: Age

Let Δp,ϕ $\Delta _{p,\phi }$ be the weighted p-Laplacian defined on a smooth metric measure space. We study the evolution and monotonicity formulas for the first eigenvalue, λ1=λ(Δp,ϕ) $\lambda _{1}=\lambda (\Delta _{p,\phi })$, of Δp,ϕ $\Delta _{p,\phi }$ under the Ricci-harmonic flow. We derive some monotonic quantities involving the first eigenvalue, and as a consequence, this shows that λ1 $\lambda _{1}$ is monotonically nondecreasing and almost everywhere differentiable along the flow existence.

The solutions of spin and pseudospin symmetries with Trigonometric scarf potential are obtained in the presence of a new tensor interaction which breaks down the energy degeneracies in both symmetries leading to atomic stability. The nonrelativistic equation is obtained by taking the nonrelativistic limit of the spin symmetry. A simplified condition for energy equation for Formula method for special case is also given. Finally, we calculated Fisher information for both position and momentum spaces which can be used to determine the accuracy of predicting the localization of a particle. Keywords: Dirac equation, Schrödinger equation, Eigensolution, Spin symmetry, Pseudospin symmetry, Fisher information

Air particulate matter exposure has been linked to cardiovascular and atherosclerosis as a result of increase oxidative stress and inflammatory response. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of hesperetin (HESP) as a therapeutic agent to mitigate the cardiovascular oxidative and pro-inflammatory effects of diesel exhaust particles in Wistar rats. DEP was collected from an Iveco cargo engine truck, and n-hexane fraction (hDEP) was obtained. Forty Wistar strains of male albino rats (6 weeks) were divided into 8 groups: control group received DMSO and CMC-Na; other groups received either n-hexane extract of DEP (0.064 or 0.640 mg/kg hDEP) or Standard Reference Material 2975 (0.064 mg/kg hSRM) in the presence or absence of 200 mg/kg HESP. Extracts were administered orally. Serum lipids, lipid peroxidation (LPO), conjugated dienes (CDs), and GSH levels were determined. Also, inflammatory cytokines, PCSK-9, LDL-receptor, and antioxidant genes expression were assessed by RT-PCR in both the heart and aorta. The molecular interaction of targeted proteins with HESP was assessed by the in silico approach. Extracts of DEP caused a significant (p 0.001) increase in serum lipids but significantly decreased HDL-CHOL. It also increased CDs and MDA levels but decreased GSH levels. In addition, the particulate extracts caused a significant (p 0.001) increase in pro-inflammatory genes expression in the heart and aorta but significantly decreased IL-10 and LDL-R gene expressions. Pre-treatment with hesperetin significantly reversed all these effects. This study shows that hesperetin has the ability to protect against DEP-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the cardiovascular system.

Aims: One of the ways to manage the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is monitoring of public knowledge, risk perceptions, adherence to preventive measures and preparedness behaviors. This is of utmost importance in resource limited countries. This study determined the knowledge and perception about COVID-19; adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures; as well as predictors of self-perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 among Nigerian adults.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Nigerian adults ≥ 18 years using an online survey. Participants were recruited using the authors’ social networks. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at 5% level of statistical significance.Results: Generally, a high proportion of respondents had correct knowledge about COVID-19. However, only about half (49.8% and 49.9%) had correct knowledge that obesity was a risk factor for COVID-19 and that antibiotics cannot be used to treat COVID-19. Most (84.1%) did not have a self-perceived risk of contracting COVID-19. Most (81.0%) have been avoiding crowded places and 61.3% washed their hands very often. Predictors of self-perceived risk of COVID-19 were age 40-59 years (OR 2.05, CI 1.217-3.435), ≥ 60 years (OR 4.68, CI 1.888-11.583) and visiting crowded places (OR 2.27, CI 1.499-3.448).Conclusion: Our study recommends more rigorous public health education aimed at improving COVID-19 outbreak response in Nigerian. Also, physical and social distancing should be emphasized across all age groups with additional focus on the older population.

Aims One of the ways to manage the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is to monitor the public knowledge, risk perceptions, adherence to preventive measures, and level of preparedness behaviors. This is important in resource-limited countries. This study determined the knowledge and perception regarding COVID-19; adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures; as well as predictors of self-perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 among Nigerian adults. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among Nigerian adults ≥18 years using an online survey. A convenience sampling method was utilized to recruit a total of 1022 study participants. The participants were recruited using the authors’ social media networks. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics at a 5% level of statistical significance. Results Generally, a high proportion of respondents had correct knowledge about COVID-19. However, only approximately half (49.8% and 49.9%) had correct knowledge that obesity was a risk factor for COVID-19 and that antibiotics cannot be used to treat COVID-19. Most (84.1%) did not have a self-perceived risk of contracting COVID-19. Most (81.0%) have been avoiding crowded places and 61.3% washed their hands frequently. Predictors of self-perceived risk of COVID-19 were age 40–59 years (OR 2.05, CI 1.217–3.435), ≥ 60 years (OR 4.68, CI 1.888–11.583), and visiting crowded places (OR 2.27, CI 1.499–3.448). Conclusion Our study recommends more rigorous public health education aimed at improving COVID-19 outbreak response in Nigeria. In addition, physical and social distancing should be emphasized across all age groups with additional focus on the older population.

Introduction: The population of the elderly and older persons worldwide has increased over time as demographic transition thickens. In Nigeria, whereas, most interventional efforts are geared towards prioritizing and protecting youth sexuality, very little or no attention is being given to the sexuality of the elderly. The objective of this study therefore was to determine sexual behaviors among the elderly population in Osogbo, southwestern Nigeria. Methods: This was a community based descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in 2016 among 491 eligible elderly respondents drawn from a simple random sample of five clusters. Research instrument was interviewer administered semi-structured and pretested questionnaire. Bivariate analysis using chi-square test was used to examine association between categorical variables at 5% level of significance. Responses were analyzed using the SPSS software version 21.0. Results: Mean age in years of respondents was 66.9 ±7.3 SD, 106 (21.6%) were males, 78 (15.9%) have had sex within the last 12 months, 25.9% had high sexual risk behavior while 45 (9.2%) described themselves as still sexually active. Major predictors of having sexual intercourse within the past 12 months and self-reported of being sexually active include; living with spouse, having low educational status, currently taking alcohol, having a regular source of income and being a male, p < 0.05 in each case. Conclusion: The elderly age group is still sexually active to varying levels, thus stressing the importance of prioritizing elderly sexual health as part of a holistic and comprehensive geriatric care programmes.

In this paper, we propose a new SIRS epidemic model with non-linear incidence rate and treatment. The model exhibits two equilibria namely disease-free and endemic equilibrium. We present the positivity and existence of solutions of the new model. The basic reproduction number R 0 , is constructed using next generation matrix method. The local stability of the disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium are shown in the work. The effect of some important parameters on the model are shown through numerical simulations.

An SEIRS epidemic model with saturated incidence rate is investigated. The model exhibits two equilibria. The basic reproduction number 0 R is derived and the stability of the equilibrium points are analyzed. The results show that the diseasefree equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when R 0 0 > 1. Finally, some numerical simulations are given to support our analytical results.

An SEIV epidemic model with temporary immunity and saturated incidence rate is studied. The basic reproduction number, R 0 , of the model is using Next Generation Matrix method. The local and global stability of the equilibria are performed and established. Numerical simulations are carried out to know the effects of some important parameters on the model

The approximate analytical solutions of the Schrӧdinger equation for Eckart potential is obtained via supersymmetry shape invariance approach. The energy equation and the corresponding wave function are obtained in a closed and compact form. The wave function was used to calculate the Rényi entropy. The results of the Rényi entropy was used to study the mass energy parameter, temperature and heat capacity of the black hole. From the results obtained, the temperature of the black hole becomes stable as the two Eckart potential parameters increases respectively. Keywords: Eigen solutions, Wave equation, Schrӧdinger equation, Rényi entropy, Black hole temperature

The approximate analytical solution of the 3-dimensional radial Schrodinger equation in the framework of the parametric Nikiforov–Uvarov method was obtained with a hyperbolical exponential-type potential. The energy eigenvalue equation and the corresponding wave function have been obtained explicitly. Using the integral method, we calculated Shannon entropy, information energy, Fisher information, and complexity measure. It was deduced that the complexity measure calculated using Shannon entropy with information energy and that calculated using Shannon entropy with Fisher information were similar.

The necessary conditions for existence of periodic solutions of an Extended RosenzweigMacArthur model are obtained using Brouwer’s degree. The forward invariant set is formulated to ensure the boundedness of the solutions, using Brouwers fixed point properties, and Zorns lemma. Also, sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique positive periodic solution have been established using Barbalats lemma and Lyapunovs functional. Numerical responses show that, the phase-flows of the non-autonomous system exhibit an asymptotically stable periodic solution which is globally attractive and trapped in the absorbing region.

One third of the world population are at risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB), resulting in significant mortality and morbidity. The reported low patronage in many TB clinics may not be unrelated to the quality of services received by clients. The objective of this study was to determine clients' perception of and satisfaction with quality of DOTs treatments in private and public health facilities in Oyo State.A descriptive cross sectional study among 410 eligible clients selected using the multistage sampling method was conducted in Oyo State. Research instrument used were a structured pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software version 17.0.Mean age of respondents was 39.0 + 0.68 years, 211(51.5%) were male while 199 (48.5%) were females. 321(78.3%) worked in public health facilities. Majority of the respondents, 385 (94.0%), had good perception of quality of DOTs treatment received. These include good perception of communication (96.0%); of quality of care (90.4%), and good perception of staff attitude among 93.9% of respondents About 97% of the respondents had good satisfaction with the quality of DOTs treatment received. Good satisfaction was found among 98.3% in terms of adherence counseling received, 98.7% on TB treatment received and 98.7%, on waiting time spent, and these were far higher among private than public health facilities. Statistically significant association was found between the type of facility attended by respondents and having adherence counseling service and waiting period experienced (P-values0.05). Having received services in a private health facility is the major predictor of favourable perception and good satisfaction with quality of DOTS treatment among respondents studied.Though perception of and satisfaction with service delivery were good, this was better in private than in public; thus stressing the need for better monitoring and evaluation of services rendered by health care workers in order to encourage patronage by clients.

Studies have shown that diesel exhaust particles (DEP) induced oxidative stress and inflammation. This present study examined the molecular effects of aqueous rooibos extract (RE) on the cardiovascular toxic effect of methanol extract of DEP in exposed Wistar rats. The results showed that DEP caused significant (p < 0.001) increase in MDA and CDs levels in the aorta and heart but this increase was significantly (p < 0.001) attenuated by rooibos extract. DEP induced IL-8, TNFα, IL-1β and decreased IL-10 gene expressions, all of which were reversed in the presence of rooibos extract. The expression of NF-κB, and IκKB genes were also significantly (p < 0.001) induced by DEP in both tissues, but pre-treatment with RE attenuated these effects. In contrast, DEP repressed IκB mRNA level, which was significantly (p < 0.001) reversed by rooibos extract pre-treatment. In addition, pre-treatment with rooibos extract attenuated the increased Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA levels caused by DEP. This indicates the potential of rooibos extract to protect against DEP-induced cardiovascular toxicity.

This paper considers the impact of an acute individual's spontaneous clearance, recovery of a chronic individual with full immunity, and risk factor reduction on a hepatitis B virus (HBV) model. The existence and the positivity solution of the model are established. The model threshold quantity is defined and sensitivity analysis is analyzed to demonstrate the effect of various parameters on the spread of the virus. The global stability analysis of the equilibrium is shown using Lyapunov and comparison theorem methods. Finally, computational simulation is presented to validate the analytical solution. The results show that treatment, spontaneous clearance and reduction of the risk factor are highly successful in transmitting and regulating HBV transmission. The effective measure of these parameters as substantiated by our simulations, providing an excellent control method of the transmissible infection of HBV.

A SIQS epidemic model with saturated incidence rate is studied. Two equilibrium points exist for the system, disease-free and endemic equilibrium. The stability of the disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium exists when the basic reproduction number R0, is less or greater than unity respectively. The global stability of the disease-free and endemic equilibrium is proved using Lyapunov functions and Poincare-Bendixson theorem plus Dulac’s criterion respectively.

Studies have shown that diesel exhaust particles (DEP) induced oxidative stress and inflammation. This present study examined the molecular effects of aqueous rooibos extract (RE) on the cardiovascular toxic effect of methanol extract of DEP in exposed Wistar rats. The results showed that DEP caused significant (p < 0.001) increase in MDA and CDs levels in the aorta and heart but this increase was significantly (p < 0.001) attenuated by rooibos extract. DEP induced IL-8, TNFα, IL-1β and decreased IL-10 gene expressions, all of which were reversed in the presence of rooibos extract. The expression of NF-κB, and IκKB genes were also significantly (p < 0.001) induced by DEP in both tissues, but pre-treatment with RE attenuated these effects. In contrast, DEP repressed IκB mRNA level, which was significantly (p < 0.001) reversed by rooibos extract pre-treatment. In addition, pre-treatment with rooibos extract attenuated the increased Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA levels caused by DEP. This indicates the potential of rooibos extract to protect against DEP-induced cardiovascular toxicity.

This article describes the data for examining the influence of government expenditure and revenue on Nigerian economic growth. Data were extracted from the World Bank database and Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical bulletin. The data are available with this article. The data is related to the research article “Newly proposed estimator for ridge parameter: an application to the Nigerian economy” (Lukman and Arowolo, 2018) but not discussed in detail. This data article will assist economists in identifying factors that will affect the economy of a country, especially in the African region. Keywords: Expenditure, Economic growth, Revenue, Ridge parameter

We consider a SIR epidemic model with saturated incidence rate and treatment. We show that if the basic reproduction number, R0 is less than unity and the disease free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable. Moreover, we show that if R0 > 1, the endemic equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable. In the end, we give some numerical results to compare our model with existing model and to show the effect of the treatment term on the model.

In this paper, a SEIV epidemic model with saturated incidence rate that incorporates polynomial information on current and past states of the disease is investigated. The model exhibits two equilibria, disease-free equilibrium (DFE) and the endemic equilibrium (EE). It is shown that if the basic reproduction number, R0< 1, the DFE is locally asymptotically stable and by the use of Lyapunov function, DFE is globally asymptotically stable and in such a case, the EE is unstable. Moreover, if R0>1, the endemic equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable. The effects of the rate at which vaccine wanes (ω ) are investigated through numerical stimulations. Keywords: SEIV epidemic model, saturated incidence rate, basic reproduction number, locally and globally stable

The amendibility of a spin-0 and spin-1 particle with a combined potential in the presence of the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau wave equation is highly recommendable. Thus, the approximate bound state of the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equation and Schrӧdinger equation were obtained with a combination of Hulthẻn and Yukawa potentials in the framework of asymptotic iteration method and parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov method respectively for any arbitrary angular momentum quantum number J using a suitable approximate scheme to the centrifugal term. This was done when the second-order homogeneous differential equation was transformed to a form of recurrence relation from which a quantization condition obtained was used to calculate the eigenvalue energy equation and the corresponding wave function. In other to apply more application to this work, the scattering phase shift of the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau equation was calculated and the thermodynamic properties of the potential under consideration were also calculated in view of the Schrӧdinger equation. It is noted that the results obtained by varying the two strengths of the potential differs due to the effect of the screening parameter. Keywords: Bound state, Wave equation, Eigensolutions, Scattering state, Phase shift, Thermodynamic properties

Malaria, syphilis and Hepatitis B during pregnancy are detrimental to the life of the pregnant women and the foetus. In this study, we documented the prevalence of the three diseases among pregnant women attending a selected Comprehensive Health Care center in Osogbo, Nigeria using serological kits. Of the 200 participants consented to participate in the study, 26 (13%) were positive for malaria while 6 (3%) were positive for Hapatitis B Virus (HBV). The co-infection of malaria and HBV was found only in two participants (1%) while none of the participants was positive for syphilis. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of malaria and Hepatitis B in relation to age (p > 0.05). All the participants had good knowledge that mosquitoes transmit malaria but only 29 (14.5%) claimed to be sleeping under insecticide treated bed-net. About 169 (84.5%) relied solely on insecticide spray of the room and 2 (1%) did not practice any mosquito control measures. The results may suggest the low prevalence of malaria, Hepatitis B virus and syphilis at the study area. However, early surveillance and adequate public health education will be immeasurable in safe-guiding the pregnant women from the detrimental effects of these infections. Key words: Malaria, syphilis, hepatitis B virus, pregnant women, co-infection, Nigeria.

The approximate analytical solutions of the non-relativistic Schrӧdinger equation for the Attractive potential model with the centrifugal term are investigated using the elegant methodology of the parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov. The energy equation and the corresponding un-normalized radial wave functions are obtained in a close and compact form after a proper Greene-Aldrich approximation scheme is applied. By changing the numerical values of some potential strengths, special cases of the Attractive potential are investigated in detail. The effects of the potential strengths and potential range respectively on the energy are also studied. The energy is found to be very sensitive to each of the potential parameters. Some theoretic quantities such as information energy, Rẻnyi entropy and Tsallis entropy.

2 Abstract: The study was designed to investigate the antioxidant potential of Magnifera indica young leave methanolic extract in alloxan induced diabetic rat. Albino rats each weighing 100-200g were given a peritoneal injection of 120mg of Alloxan per kg body weight. After 7 days the blood glucose level of th e animals were checked to ascertain a diabetic state. Those that were diabetic were selected for the study. Significant increase (p

The number of children who have HIV continues to grow. Studies have confirmed dramatic survival benefits and mortality reduction for infants confirmed and managed as early as possible after diagnosis. With the advent of the Polymerase Chain Reaction technology, early infant diagnosis of HIV among children is easier and more reliable worldwide. Most HIV programmes in developing countries are donor dependent with less encouraging moves towards sustainability drive by the local health authority. The health systems also face a lot of challenges while implementing these programmes that would promptly identify HIV exposed babies as well as enrolment into care. This review examined challenges facing early infant diagnosis of HIV among infants in Nigeria.

In Nigeria, inequity and poor accessibility to quality health care has been a persistent problem. This study aimed to determine knowledge and attitude of civil servants in Osun state towards the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS).This is a descriptive, cross sectional study of 380 civil servants in the employment of Osun state government, using multi stage sampling method. The research instruments was pre-coded, semi structured, self administered questionnaires.About 60% were aware of out of pocket as the most prevalent form of health care financing, while 40% were aware of NHIS, television and billboards were their main sources of awareness, However, none had good knowledge of the components of NHIS, 26.7% knew about its objectives, and 30% knew about who ideally should benefit from the scheme. Personal spending still accounts for a high as 74.7% of health care spending among respondents but respondents believed that this does not cover all their health needs. Only 0.3% have so far benefited from NHIS while 199 (52.5%) of respondents agreed to participate in the scheme. A significant association exists between willingness to participate in the NHIS scheme and awareness of methods of options of health care financing and awareness of NHIS (P0.05)Poor knowledge of the objectives and mechanism of operation of the NHIS scheme characterised the civil servants under study. The poor knowledge of the components and fair attitude towards joining the scheme observed in this study could be improved upon, if stakeholders in the scheme could carry out adequate awareness seminars targeted at the civil servants.

We employ shooting technique to explicitly construct the approximate solution of steady state reaction – diffusion equations with source term that arise in modeling microwave heating in an infinite slab with isothermal walls. In particular, we consider the case where the source term decreases spartially and increases with temperature. The important properties of the temperature fields and thermal criticality are discussed. JONAMP Vol. 11 2007: pp. 529-532

We examine the existence and uniqueness result of the steady-state solutions for the exothermic chemical reactions taking the diffusion of the reactants in a slab into account and assuming Arrhenius dependence with variable pre-exponential factor. We establish the criteria\'s and conditions for existence and uniqueness of solution for the newly formulated problem. It is shown that if &#915> o , 0&#8804x 1 &#88041, 0&#8804x 2 &#8804 b and -c&#8804x 3 &#8804C where b, c and C positive constants are then the newly formulated model will have only one solution. We further discovered that there are certain values for n, m, r and &#946 that the problem can accommodate for solution to be stable. Similarly, Frank-Kamenetskii parameters &#9481, &#9482 must not exceed some values for the solution to exist and at the same time stable. Finally, the Frank-Kamenetskii parameter must not exceed the critical value for the solution to have physical implication or application and r must not be large for convergence of the solution (i.e r Journal of the Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics Vol. 10 2006: pp. 403-408

An epidemic model with saturated incidence rate and vaccination is investigated. The model exhibits two equilibria namely disease-free and endemic equilibria. It is shown that if the basic reproduction number (R0) is less than unity, the disease-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable and in such case, the endemic equilibrium does not exist. Also, it is shown that if R0 > 1, the disease is persistent and the unique endemic equilibrium of the system with saturation incidence is locally asymptotically stable. Lyapunov function and Dulac’s criterion plus Poincare-Bendixson theorem are applied to prove the global stability of the disease-free and endemic equilibria respectively. The effect of vaccine in the model is critically looked into.