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Спостерігається недооцінка більшістю пацієнтів актуальності ризику розвитку ІМ і летального наслідку від серцево-судинних причин на тлі використання НПЗП. Результати аналізу повинні вплинути на ступінь інформованості хворих при прийнятті індивідуального рішення на користь використання НПЗП, особливо при хронічному больовому синдромі.

Background. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the key food crops, ranking fourth in the world in terms of sown area and production among cereals. Often, one of the main factors that reduces yield and product quality is the spread of fungal pathogens in commercial crops. Powdery mildew (causative agent: Blumeria graminis (DC.) Golovin ex Speer f. sp. hordei Marchal) is considered one of the most common and harmful among barley diseases. Plant resistance to B. graminis limits the spread of the disease, and the development of resistant cultivars prevents a decrease in plant productivity. The specificity of the host–pathogen relationship and the loss of efficiency in many genes determine the need for a continuous study of previously unexplored local barley forms and a search for new, most effective resistance genes.Materials and methods. The genetic control of juvenile resistance to B. graminis was studied in 14 accessions of spring barley from the Ethiopian (Abyssinian) center of crop origin. The natural population of the pathogen served as infectious material for infecting barley. The intensity and nature of sporulation as well as the qualitative reactions of plant tissues in response to the penetration of the fungus (necrosis and chlorosis) were accepted as indicators of resistance in the accessions. Powdery mildew resistance was assessed under laboratory and field conditions. The genetic control of the resistance trait was studied using the method of hybridological analysis followed by statistical processing.Results and conclusions. Barleys from the Ethiopian center of morphogenesis are characterized by great genetic diversity. Studying the inheritance of juvenile resistance to powdery mildew made it possible to ascertain the monogenic control of the trait in all studied forms. Ten barley accessions with one effective recessive resistance allele and four with the dominant control of the trait may be recommended for immunity-targeted breeding.

Background. The problem of resistance to aluminum toxicity of soils is very relevant for the cultivated type of barley. The area of acidic soils in Russia is about forty percent of the total area of arable land, so the toxicity of aluminum is one of the main factors that reduce the yield of barley. The study of wild relatives of the main crops, including barley, is of considerable interest for the development of stress-resistant cultivars. Wild barley Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch has biological characteristics similar to the cultivated H. vulgare L., grows in various ecogeographic zones, and is well adapted to local soil and climate conditions. All this makes it possible to use it as a new donor of source material for breeding high-yielding cultivars adapted to certain environmental conditions. The objective of this work was to search for H. spontaneum genotypes highly resistant to ionic (Al3+) toxicity.Materials and methods. One hundred accessions of H. spontaneum from the collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) were examined. The resistance of barley accessions to toxic aluminum ions was studied at the early stages of plant development by the root test method (185 mcМ Al3+, pH 4.0) with the calculation of root and sprout length indices.Results and conclusions. The studied fragment of the wild barley collection demonstrated broad genetic diversity in terms of resistance to phytotoxic aluminum ions. Laboratory assessment allowed us to identify barley genotypes differing in the reaction of their roots and sprouts at the early phases of ontogenesis. The identified genotypes with a high level of resistance to ion stress can be used as a valuable source of genetic material to improve existing cultivars and develop new ones by introgression of foreign resistance genes.

The current paper has presented the study results of the new hulless oat variety ‘Azil’, which was developed by the method of individual-family selection from the hybrid population ‘Krestyansky local × ZALP’. The purpose of the current study was to identify economically valuable traits, physico-biochemical indicators of the grain of the new hulless oat variety ‘Azil’. According to the length of the vegetation period, ‘Azil’ is classified as a middle maturing variety. In the State Variety Testing, the realized productivity of the variety ‘Azil’ was 5.36 t/ha. During the study, there has been found that with intensive and high-intensity cultivation in compliance with the technological methods of protection against diseases, weeds and pests, the productivity of the variety ‘Azil’ improved in relation to the basic technology from 0.75 to 1.42 t/ha (or on 12 and 23 %, respectively). The estimation of groat properties has revealed a larger protein and oil percentage in grain of the new variety than that of the hulled and hulless standard varieties ‘Yakov’ and ‘Vyatsky’ (2.2 and 0.2 % of protein; 1.3 and 0.5 % of oil) . There has been identified high loose smut resistance of the variety ‘Azil’ (up to 6.4 % damage) on artificial and natural backgrounds. There has been established a fungi composition and mycotoxins’ content in grain of the standard oat varieties ‘Yakov’ and ‘Vyatsky’, as well as 13 hulless breeding lines of the Federal Research Center “Nemchinovka”. The variety ‘Azil’ has demonstrated an increased resistance to the accumulation of T-2 toxin. Using biochemical methods there has been found heterogeneity of the new variety, consisting of two biotypes. When conducting primary seed production, there has been recommended to use the method of individual-family selection with a double estimation of the progeny and maintaining spatial isolation with other hulless oats.

According to the main values of international HTA organizations regarding the development of scientific potential and training of specialists in this field and taking into account the conditions of implementation of medical technology assessment in Ukraine, the scientific interest includes the professional training of HTA users and developers. In this regard, the need of studying the foreign experience and best practices in the use of various curricula, the introduction of forms, methods and technologies is actualized. The author pays special attention to the issue of training these specialists in the system of postgraduate education. The aim of the article was to analyze the use of modern forms, methods and technologies in vocational education and training of specialists in the assessment of medical technologies. Materials and methods of the research were strategic programs of EU and Ukraine development, normative and legal documents regulating the implementation of HTA, legislative acts on education development in Ukraine, publications in scientometric databases of Scopus, Web of Science and others. Research methods used: systematic search of information using search engines, databases and websites by keywords; content analysis of documents; situational and comparative analysis; generalization; prognostication. According to the results of the analysis of scientific works, the study of international experience revealed that in foreign countries all types of education are used to train specialists in HTA: formal, non-formal, informal. It was found out that the most common forms of obtaining this specialty in the system of formal education are bachelor’s degree, master’s degree, training of doctors of philosophy. At the same time, for the training of such specialists in the middle-income countries, the programs of various duration in the system of non-formal education are used the most often. Among them: courses, trainings, seminars, internships, apprenticeships, mentoring, etc. Certification upon completion of the training is required. Based on the foreign experience and the analysis of scientific literature, the feasibility of creating and implementing various programs (long-term and short-term, in-service and non-in-service, distance, extramural, full-time, etc.) of the HTA specialists’ training in non-formal education completion of training was proved.

Introduction. The digital educational environment is becoming not only a challenge of the new time, but also an important condition, a means of training a specialist of the new formation for the digital society. In the digital environment, a teacher will have to learn how to organise, accompany and support the educational activities of students, build network interaction, exercise control and assessment, and create flexible personalised mastering of content. For this, it is important to understand the new nature and features of the implementation of pedagogical management in the context of the global digitalisation process.Aim. The aim of the paper is to comprehend the systemic changes associated with pedagogical management in the digital educational environment, to study the new content of the structural components of pedagogical management.Methodology and research methods. The present research was carried out in reliance on the system-activity, subject-personal and environmental approaches. Theoretical and empirical research methods were used. The online survey method formed the basis of the research. The respondents were young practice teachers studying for a master degree in the direction of “Pedagogical Education”. They begin their professional activities at the stage of the formation of a digital society; they will have to implement blended (distance, digital) learning. The authors applied the methods of comparative and contrastive analysis (comparison of the nature of management in a classical (classroom) and digital environment), synthesis and systematisation of data, modelling. Additionally, the methods of statistical analysis were used.Results. The necessity of a systematic understanding of pedagogical management in the context of digitalisation was substantiated. The essence of the concept of “pedagogical management in digital educational environment” was clarified. The features and nature of pedagogical management in digital educational environment were determined, its structural components were highlighted: motivational-target, information-content, organisational-activity and control-evaluative. The vectors of strengthening the professional training of specialists in the field of education were determined.Scientific novelty. The novelty of the research lies in the systemic understanding of the category of pedagogical management in the new digital conditions; in the system-functional description of the digital educational environment management model. It manifests itself in the possibility of revising the professional training programme for future teachers in the context of the digital transformation of the educational process, as well as building innovative educational practices at different levels of education, taking into account the new model of pedagogical management in digital educational environment.Practical significance. It is advisable to use the results of the study to improve the quality of professional training of teachers in digital and blended learning, improve programmes and courses of advanced training, to increase the efficiency of autonomous educational and cognitive activities, implemented with digital tools and technologies, at different levels of education. The material of the article can be useful for specialists studying the issues of pedagogical management in vocational education.

Background. Barley is the second cereal crop in Russia in terms of its importance and production volume. It is used for food, feed, and industrial purposes. The production of malting barley in Russia exceeds 1.5 million tons; each year the area under this crop increases by 10–15%, reaching 600,000– 800,000 hectares. Barleys suitable for brewing must have certain physicochemical and technological properties. The main requirements for raw materials are presented in GOST 5060-86 (state standard for malting barley). An important condition for obtaining sustainable harvests is the development and utilization of cultivars resistant to a set of edaphic stressors. The purpose of this work was searching for resistant cultivars for use in targeted breeding.Materials and methods. The material for the study included 161 spring barley cultivars for brewing from the collection of plant genetic resources held by VIR. The laboratory assessment of aluminum tolerance in barley accessions was carried out at the initial phases of plant growth and development, using the method of calculating root and shoot length indices. The tested malting barley was classified into five resistance groups.Results and conclusions. Cultivars resistant to Al3+ ions were identified among different ecogeographic groups of malting barleys. The trait had a wide range of variability in terms of both the root length index (0.17–0.95) and shoot length index (0.47–0.99). Accessions with high resistance to ionic (Al3+) stress can be used in barley breeding targeted at the development of high-yielding malting cultivars most adapted to harmful environmental factors.

Any common disease (including Parkinson’s disease) is inevitably overgrown with myths. As a result, not scientifically grounded approaches based on the principles of evidence-based medicine, but irrational ideas, especially often of a pharmacophobic nature, begin to dominate in primary clinical practice among doctors and patients. In clinical practice, we can often face to a situation when doctors, dogmatically accepting the principle of delayed initiation of levodopa therapy, for a long time try to guide the patient on other antiparkinsonian drugs, despite the obvious ineffectiveness of such therapy and the increasingly growing immobility of the patient. This phenomenon, based on the irrational beliefs of not only doctors, but also patients in the toxicity of levodopa, is commonly referred to as levodopa phobia. Levodopa phobia, along with the emergence of a new generation of dopamine agonists (DAs), whose ability to delay the development of fluctuations and dyskinesias has been proven in a series of placebo-controlled studies, as well as the erroneous interpretation of the withdrawal syndrome of DAs as evidence of their high effectiveness, have led to the widespread use of this class. drugs. However, the use of DA turned out to be associated with an increased risk of such adverse events as daytime sleepiness, leg edema, impulsive-compulsive disorders, and withdrawal syndrome. All this served as the basis for the appearance of “dopamine agonists phobia”, which can lead to unjustifiably early prescription of levodopa and the development of dyskinesias. What is the optimal way for managementof PD patients today? In our opinion, the patient management formula that doctors should adhere to should be as follows: early prescription of dopaminergic drugs (more often DAs or levodopa) is necessary, which provides a quick possible, albeit incomplete, correction of a motor defect, which would be sufficient to preserve the patient’s motor activity, including his professional activity; as the symptoms increase, an escalation of antiparkinsonian therapy with the sequential addition of levodopa (or DAs), MAO B inhibitors, amantadines is necessary.

Background. The most rational way to reduce barley crop losses from diseases, pests and adverse edaphic factors is cultivation of resistant varieties. The specificity of the host– pathogen interactions necessitates a constant search for new donors of resistance for breeding, and phytosanitary monitoring of cultivars.Materials and methods. The research material comprised 248 barley cultivars included in the State Register of Selection Achievements Admitted for Usage in the Russian Federation – 168 were developed domestically, and 80 by foreign breeders. Their resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust was studied in under laboratory and field conditions. Barley cultivars distinguished for powdery mildew resistance were analyzed using molecular markers. In the laboratory, barley was screened for greenbug resistance. To study the sensitivity to toxic aluminum ions in barley, we used the laboratory method for the early diagnosis of the trait – the root test method.Results and conclusions. Field and laboratory screening revealed a fairly wide diversity of barley cultivated in Russia in terms of resistance to harmful organisms and the edaphic stressor. It was established that 24 barley cultivars were resistant to powdery mildew, and 14 accessions were carriers of the effective mlo11 allele. Two cultivars manifested combined resistance to powdery mildew and barley leaf rust. In 11 cultivars, a distinct greenbug resistance was revealed. High resistance to toxic aluminum ions according to the root and sprout length indices was observed in 26 cultivars. Accessions with the complex resistance to harmful organisms and the edaphic stressor were identified.

In this research work we examined the effect of various factors on the efficacy and safety of warfarin pharmacotherapy. Particular emphasis was placed on drug interaction in the standardized treatment of patients with coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation. Since the administration of such drugs as digoxin and statins with warfarin leads to an increase in the blood level of all three drugs (they interact at the level of P-glycoprotein) and warfarin has a narrow therapeutic window, the risk of hemorrhagic complications is increased. For the first time in patients of the Podillya region of Ukraine, the genetic polymorphism of cytochrome CYP2C9 was determined, which is associated with the slow withdrawal of anticoagulant from the bloodstream and the possible risk of bleeding. For safe pharmacotherapy, patients were given significantly different doses of warfarin in all comparison groups, according to the International Normalized Ratiо (INR). For example, in the group with a CYP2C9 mutation present, the dose was 3.08 ± 0.25 mg versus 4.15 ± 0.22 mg in the non-mutation group (P = 0.008). In addition, in patients with genetic polymorphism of detoxification enzymes, significantly more bleeding events (light or clinically significant; critical organ bleeding) were observed, but among these patients bleeding occurred at an INR of 2.6 (despite the recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology, that the INR can be maintained within 2.0-3.0). Therefore, patients with CYP2C9 mutations require a personalized approach and control of the INR in a safer range (2.0 to 2.5) and consideration of drug interactions.

Background. Analyzing the adaptive potential of cultivated barley with the aim of using new genotypes selected and developed in the process of work is a priority trend in scientific research. The Ethiopian barleys adapted to a variety of soil and climate conditions are characterized by many valuable biological and agronomic traits. Of particular value are genotypes that combine resistance to harmful organisms and environmental stressors.Materials and methods. The collection accessions of Ethiopian barley possessing powdery mildew resistance were studied for tolerance to adverse edaphic factors (chloride salinity and high content of toxic aluminum ions in the soil). Resistance to abiotic stressors was assessed in laboratory experiments. In the study of salt tolerance, a ‘roll-based’ assessment technique was used, which takes into account the inhibition of root growth under salt (NaCl) stress conditions, compared with the reference conditions without salinization. Aluminum sensitivity of barley accessions was diagnosed in the early stages of plant development using the root test.Results and conclusions. A polymorphism of Ethiopian barleys for resistance to adverse edaphic factors was revealed. Twentyone new sources of barley resistance to toxic aluminum ions were identified, of which accessions k-8552 and k-22933 were classified as highly resistant. Accessions k-17554, k-19975, k-20029, k-20048, k-22752, k-23450 and k-25009 proved resistant to soil salinization. Barley accessions k-17554, k-22752 and k-25009 were characterized by complex resistance to powdery mildew, toxic aluminum ions, and chloride soil salinity.

Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is a key signal-transduction enzyme activated by nitric oxide (NO). Binding NO with sGC - enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of a signal molecule of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which plays an important role in the regulation of processes that affect vascular tone, proliferation, fibrosis and inflammation. Impaired bioavailability and/or responsiveness to endogenous NO has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and other diseases. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a well-known complication of systemic connective tissue diseases (CTD) and ranks second among the most common types of PAH after idiopathic PAH (IPAH). The usage of organic nitrates and other NO donors has limitations, including non-specific interactions of NO with various biomolecules, lack of response and the development of tolerance following prolonged administration. Compounds that activate sGC in NO-independent manner might therefore provide considerable therapeutic advantages. The purpose of this article is to provide contemporary data on the management and treatment of patients, as well as the role of specific therapy and the place of riociguat in the treatment of patients with CTD associated PAH

Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a severe chronic and rapidly progressive disease with increasing pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) due to the ongoing pathogenic processes in the vascular wall that lead to obstruction of small pulmonary arteries and arterioles. IPAH takes a small part in the structure among all forms of pulmonary hypertension (PH), the median survival of patients with IPAH before any PAH-specific therapy became available were about 2,8 years, and the average time from the manifestation of the disease to its diagnosis took 2-3 years. This article is an attempt to present an unified data of adult patients with IPAH in Ural Federal district, and describe PH patients medical care service. The article presents the experience of PH Medical Centers across Ural Federal District.

Tis work is devoted to the problem of emotional burnout in the context of parent-child relationship. Te possibility of applying the concept of burnout is being considered in order to describe the processes that occur in parents whose children suffer from a chronic psychiatric disorder, the author’s point of view on the matter is being presented. Te necessity of creating a questionnaire to measure emotional burnout among mothers of children with schizophrenia is being justifed, the procedure of creation of the new questionnaire is described, and the results of its approbation are performed.

Research objective. The research objective was to identify and analyse the general trends, manifested in the information behaviour of students in terms of realising and taking advantage of lifelong learning in the digital society. The authors attempted to answer the question: What is the specificity of modern students’ information behaviour strategies? Materials and methods. The research was based on the concept of “information behaviour”, considered by the authors as a system of actions to implement the processes of interaction with the information environment. In the conditions of digital society development, the effectiveness of information strategies largely depends on the adoption of the values of lifelong learning. In the context of the activity approach, information behaviour includes the motivational aspect (acceptance of the lifelong learning paradigm, motives of educational activity, relations, interests and orientations within the current learning stage) and the activity aspect (general learning strategies, approaches to new information acquisition, self-management strategies in the learning process, as well as the possession of modern tools to implement these strategies – ICT tools). The research methods included a survey and statistical analysis. During the survey, Russian and Polish students were asked to relate the degree of information behaviour characteristics to a five-point scale. Statistical analysis comprised descriptive statistics, including the distribution of answers for all respondents, comparative statistics for Polish and Russian students, and correlation analysis.Results of the study. The research results have showed that students understand the importance of lifelong learning and accept it as a value and requirement of the 21st century. However, their information behaviour is not always based on effective strategies. Educational activity is insufficiently supported by the use of ICT tools for self-management, goal setting, and construction of an individual educational route. Direct correlations were revealed between the readiness for lifelong learning and the development of initiative, responsibility, self-management, including the active use of specialised electronic tools. Information behaviour is associated with future professional activities. For example, for socially oriented professions, information behaviour comprises such features as openness and empathy.Conclusion. Based on the results obtained, recommendations for lecturers can be formulated to support the process of mastering the advanced strategies of information behaviour by students. Firstly, it is necessary to encourage students to use open electronic resources, not only to access the newest information, but to join the processes of qualitatively new knowledge creation in collaborate work (self-directed learning, learning in partnership, collaborative learning). Secondly, it is important to create conditions for the expansion of professional experience through the strengthening of the practice-oriented assignments role, as well as the inclusion of students in project, competitive and grant activities.

The article has presented the study results of grain quality of 14 spring soft wheat varieties as a variety change of the crop in the Ulyanovsk region. It has been shown that during the 60-year period the productivity increased on 1.02 t/ha due to zonation of the variety ‘Lyutestcens62’ and it had been increasing on 0.22 t/ha at each new stage of the variety change. In contrast to the productivity, the change of the grain qualitative indexes has a different tendency. It has been noted the increase of all physical indexes of grain quality, first of all 1000-kernel weight, which increased on 0.9 g as a result of breeding. The results of the correlation analysis showed that 1000-kernel weight has got a positive correlation with the kernels productivity (r=0.69**), uniformity (r=0.70**) and volume of bread (r=0.50). The content of protein and gluten tends to decrease. The difference in the content of protein among the varieties of the first and the sixth stages was 1.3%; the difference in the content of gluten was 3.3%. During the stages of the variety change the content of protein decreased on 0.25%, gluten on 0.27% without improvement of its quality. With the increase of the potential of new variety productivity the gross yield of protein and gluten per unit of square increases. The correlation analysis established a significant negative connection of the content of protein with productivity (r=-0.76*) and 1000-kernel weight (r=-0.55***). Due to the variety changes there is an improvement of volume of bread and general baking valuation. Among the varieties of different periods of the variety change, there have been found the varieties with high biochemical and baking traits.

Clinicians often see a recurrent miscarriage caused by isthmic cervical incompetence. Today, obstetric pessaries and surgical sutures are widely used to correct cervical incompetence during pregnancy. The occurrence rate of this abnormality continues to rise, which emphasizes the need to diagnose and correct cervical incompetence prior to the upcoming pregnancy. In the available literature there is little information about the «hidden» defects of the cervix that can lead to miscarriage in the I-III trimesters of pregnancy. Here we present a case of two different pregnancy outcomes in a single patient with cervical incompetence before and after surgical correction of the cervix by the LASH procedure. The present case supports the importance of surgical correction of cervical incompetence in non-pregnant women.

The paper introduces the concept of "pedagogical ICT tools", which makes it possible to identify the necessary professional teacher activity transformations in electronic educational environment. The paper presents the typology of tools and describes their features. The introduction of the concept allows revealing the range of opportunities and transformations of the university teachers' activity in electronic environment. Experimental data on the use of pedagogical ICT tools by teachers of European universities was obtained during the implementation ofthe European IRNet project.

Results of surgery performed over a 15-year period on 328 patients over 60 years old with cancer of the thoracic esophagus are analyzed. Concomitant diseases, results of functional observation are reported. Data of surgical and combined treatment of cancer of the esophagus are presented. Types of operation, modification of resection and esophagoplasty are considered. Direct and remote results of treatment are considered.

The paper analyzes the effects that occur in the process of the educational environment informatization. The following effects were analyzed: information richness, openness, individualization of learning and collaboration. Examples of educational practice, illustrating the significant changes of the university educational environment associated with the manifestation of these effects, are presented. The aim of the pilot study carried out in Herzen University was to identify the attitude to the listed effects of teachers and students who are using information and communication technology in the educational interactions. The leading method of study were a series of surveys addressed to teachers and students. Groups of questions were related to basic information effects, manifested in the educational environment of the university. The total number of the survey participants is 200 students (bachelors and masters) and 100 teachers, most actively using electronic environment for research, education and professional activities. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results showed that information richness, spatial and temporal freedom of educational interactions are demanded by students, but at the same time, the data indicated a lack of systematic pedagogical support for the information and educational activities of students. A large part of students show a high autonomy in the information educational environment, but also demands implementing individualized information and communication educational request. Students and teachers are actively using a variety of information and communication opportunities of the electronic environment, but students’ activeness in the electronic environment is largely determined by the recommendations of teachers, rather than by a free choice of educational opportunities. The participants of the educational environment acquire a significant degree of freedom in relation to the time and place of interaction with educational resources, but evidence suggests that educational activities in the electronic environment is not sufficiently focused on expanding the range of educational opportunities and preparing students for continual self-improvement of knowledge and skills. As the conclusions, we note the need to improve both the corporate strategy of the university electronic environment development and the competences of educational interactions in the extended information and communication space. This will reveal the full potential of e-learning environment and provide greater guarantees for obtaining high-quality educational outcomes. For teachers are in demand special competences, providing the possibility of forming a diverse and adaptive media environment for saturated solution of educational problems in accordance with university policies, introduction of e-learning and global education trends. For students, come to the fore the competences which help to improve their information culture and individual requests for the use of a variety of educational opportunities available in the electronic space. These ideas are fully consistent with the demanded by modern society the lifelong learning strategy.

The study concerns the variability of dual lodging resistance and morphoanatomical indices of the culm in 17 spring wheat varieties. Factor, path, and multivariate regression analyses indicate that reliable direct and indirect contributions to plant resistance to lodging are made by the lengths of the second and third lower internodes, the sum of their lengths, and the fractural strength of the culm at lower internodes. It is shown that the selection for lodging resistance in spring wheat can be done in early generations on the base of the lengths of lower internodes.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is endogenously synthesized gasotransmitter that has a regulatory effect in cardiovascular system. Diabetes mellitus leads to an increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, so the purpose of the study was to analyze the contractility of the atria mice after application of L-cysteine and H2S. Contractile activity of the myocardium was investigated in the experiment on isolated mouse atria. Alloxan was used for modeling diabetes. Intraperitoneal injection of alloxan resulted in a significant increase of glucose concentration in blood, whereas the concentration of glucose didn’t change at the injection of physiological solution. In control, the addition of NaHS resulted in a significant dose-dependent decrease of the amplitude of contraction of the myocardium, whereas the negative inotropic effect of NaHS was significantly lower in terms of modeling diabetes compare to control conditions. In the control, L-cysteine reduced the amplitude contractions significantly, whereas L-cysteine did not lead to significant changes in the amplitude of contractions in terms of modeling diabetes. These data indicate that the sensitivity of mice’s atria reduced for H2S and L-cysteine in diabetes mellitus.

Nosocomial pneumonia (NP) holds a leading position in the structure of in-hospital morbidity and mortality. NP is one of the most dangerous infectious complications of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Clinical diagnosis of pneumonia in severe head injury remains challenging and continues to be developed. The aim of the study is research was to find out the features of the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of NP, developed on the background of TBI. Materials and methods. The sample of 166 patients, including 58 patients with isolated severe head injury (group 1) and 108 patients with TBI, complicated by the development of NP (group 2). All patients in Group 2 NP was confirmed by the radiography presence of infiltrates. Diagnosis of NP was established in accordance with international recommendations and the current Ukrainian protocol of diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases in adults (decree of Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 128 from 19.03.2007). In both groups we considered the complaint, physical examination and laboratory investigations of patients with conventional diagnosis in NP. Results and Discussion. The following figures are obtained. The average score on the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) in group 1 was 12.0±3.0 points, group 2 – 10.3±3.3 points. The mean duration of mechanical ventilation in group 1 was 4.2±2.7 days, and in group 2 – 9.7±6.8 days. The average heart rate was 77.9±10.3 in group 1 and 95.0±11.3 in group 2. The average body temperature figure was 37.1±0.5 in the first group and 38.7±0.8 in the second group. In group 1, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) index was 8.8±4.9 mm/h, leucocytes 8.0х109±3.3. leukocyte index of intoxication (LII) 2.0±0.8. In group 2, ESR rate was 30.6±13.4 mm/h, leucocytes 20.4 х109±6.6, LІI 5.9±3.4. Conclusions. Thus, conventional clinical and laboratory diagnostic techniques have different nosocomial pneumonia (often low) level of sensitivity and specificity, as a result, no single criterion can not be the gold standard for the diagnosis of SE. Considering the clinical relevance of the SE and a high risk of its development in patients with TBI, today is a topical issue of new research GP diagnostic methods based on the most sensitive indicators and their complex application.

Aim. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a combination of the key cardiovascular risk factors, namely obesity, carbohydrate metabolism disturbances, arterial hypertension (AH), and dyslipidemia. MS prevalence varies, depending on the MS definition used. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of MS and its components in large Russian cities (St. Petersburg, Kursk, Orenburg, and Kaliningrad), using international MS criteria. Material and methods. In total, 1046 individuals were screened in 4 cities: 309 in St. Petersburg, 170 in Kursk, 279 in Orenburg, and 288 in Kaliningrad. All participants underwent a questionnaire survey on demographics, risk factors, lifestyle, family history, comorbidities and treatment. Blood pressure measurement (3 measurements on the right arm) and anthropometry were also performed. Lipid profile and fasting glucose levels were measured with the use of Hitachi-902 analyser (Roche Diagnostics). MS was diagnosed based on the criteria by ATP III (2001–2005), IDF (2005), and JIS (2009). Results. High prevalence of MS was observed regardless of the criteria used; the highest prevalence was registered for the JIS-2009 criteria. For all MS criteria, no significant difference in MS prevalence was registered across the cities, or between men and women in each city. The majority of the patients (over 80%, regardless of the criteria used) had at least one MS component, with the highest prevalence observed in Kursk (94% for IDF-2005 and JIS-2009 criteria). Conclusion. In each region, the prevalence of MS was high, which might be related to high levels of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Russia. The IDF-2005 criteria agreed with the JIS-2009 ones to a greater extent than with the ATP III definition. However, prospective studies are needed to establish the national normal values of waist circumference, for reliable diagnostics of abdominal obesity in the Russian population.