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Infectious aneurysms (IA) are cerebral aneurysms that are formed due to the infectious inflammation of the arterial wall. They are a rather rare pathology and in most cases prove to be a complication of infectious (bacterial) endocarditis of the left heart chambers. Timely diagnosis of IA in the pre-hemorrhagic period is problematic due to the variability of the clinical picture of IA, frequent blurred or low-symptomatic clinical course, the possibility of IA formation in the remote period after septic embolism, even despite the background of antibiotic therapy. The presented clinical case illustrates the first successful use of a low-profile flow-diverting stent for the treatment of a young patient with a mechanical heart valve and an infectious aneurysm of the left middle cerebral artery, developed at the site of septic embolism in the acute period of septic bacterial endocarditis accompanied by ischemic stroke. This observation demonstrates the effectiveness of the chosen method of treatment, peculiarities of adequate preoperative preparation, possible postoperative complications and detailed correction of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy.

The article analyzes the essence of election campaigns, outlines the main tasks and stages of their implementation, considers the features of information support for election campaigns. American standards for the development of political PR technologies for election campaigns are studied, and the peculiarities of the organization of political advertising in the media and social networks of candidates in the United States are considered. It has been established that the information support of election campaigns in the United States is carried out taking into account feedback from citizens from a thorough study of society's expectations. Thus, in the US, the media, as communication channels, carry out the functions of collecting, filtering, distributing and generalizing ideas about voters through shows, interviews, and debates. It was found that the media occupy a key place in the formation of the information space of power and have the status of an intermediary in the relationship between the population and the authorities through the use of various communication mechanisms. Internet communications used by the headquarters of B. Obama, D. Trump, H. Clinton, J. Biden during the election campaigns of candidates most actively included e-mail, websites, blogs and social networks, online television and video channels on Internet resource YouTube.com. It has been proven that the Internet provides undeniable effectiveness in the political struggle tools for interacting with the electorate, conveying one's point of view to the voters, and expanding the base of the election campaign. Ukrainian standards for the development of political PR technologies to ensure the conduct of election campaigns are analyzed. Features of the organization of political advertising of candidates in Ukraine in mass media and social networks are considered. The Ukrainian experience of information policy during election campaigns is analyzed and the main problems of information support of election campaigns are studied, as well as ways to solve them are proposed.

To summarize the experience of the Tyumen state medical University in improving professional competencies of graduates of medical and pediatric faculties who were sent to work in primary health care after the initial accreditation procedure, a survey of graduates, curators of graduates from the University and mentors from medical organizations, as well as employers was conducted. The article reveals the declining professional competencies, as well as difficulties that arise when adapting young professionals to the workplace. It is shown that the help and support of curators and mentors allows graduates to successfully overcome the difficulties of adaptation in the workplace, quickly learn additional practical skills, and join the system of continuing medical education, which is the key to further successful work in primary health care. Aims: evaluate the effectiveness of the system of support for graduates of medical and pediatric faculties by curators and mentors, as well as the effectiveness of educational activities to improve the professional competencies of graduates. Materials and methods. Collection and analysis of information from health authorities on employment of graduates obtained during the survey of graduates, curators, mentors, employers, analysis of the results of the survey. Results. To obtain objective data on the adaptation and retention of young professionals, the survey was conducted during the 2017-2018 academic year in several stages and in different target audiences: 1. Survey of young specialists at the beginning of their work (district internists, district pediatricians). 2. Survey of young specialists to improve the work on compensation of lost competencies (participants of the Symposium “Legal basis of a doctor’s activity”). 3. Survey of heads of medical organizations in the Tyumen and Kurgan regions, Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous districts, and the city of Tyumen, where accredited graduates of the Tyumen state medical University were accepted (December 2017). 4. a Survey of young professionals six months after starting work. 5. a Survey of curators from the Tyumen state medical University and mentors from medical organizations. As a result of the study, 385 questionnaires were processed. To obtain data on the professional development of young specialists, Tyumen state medical University developed original questionnaires. Conclusions. According to the results of the survey, the falling competencies of graduates were identified, and a list of activities was determined that will improve the existing professional competencies of young graduates and improve their adaptation to professional activities.

Aim. To demonstrate the advantages of laparoscopic surgery in patients with colorectal cancer compared to traditional surgical intervention. Methods. A retrospective analysis of 40 patients treatment (the main group) in the Department of abdominal Oncology of the Kursk Regional Oncology Center for the period 20172019, who had a pronounced violation of the passage through the intestine due to stenosing by the tumour, was conducted. As a control group, 30 people who underwent open surgery in the volume of a colostomy for the period 20172019 was taken. Results. According to the average duration of surgical intervention, the groups significantly differed (p 0.05), the average duration of surgery in the laparoscopic group was less 40.513.6 min, with laparotomy 54.518.5 min. The volume of blood loss during the operation was greater in the control group and reached 7540 ml against, 10.55.5 ml the differences were statistically significant (p 0.05). The average length of stay in hospital in the laparoscopic group was 41 days, which is significantly less than in patients who underwent laparotomy 114 days (p 0.05). Postoperative complications occurred in 10% of patients in the control group: seroma of the median wound in 2 patients, ligature fistula in 1 patient. There were no postoperative fatalities in both groups. Conclusion. The comparison of methods of surgical intervention showed that the results of laparoscopic operations are much better than traditional open operations in patients with colorectal cancer since they significantly reduce the duration of the rehabilitation period, accompanied by minor blood loss.

Peptides are an extensive class of both natural and synthetic organic compounds, many of which have high and diverse physiological activity. The relevance of the study of the complexing properties of tripeptides is determined by the large value of these compounds in biological processes, since peptides are a simplified fragment of proteins and are widely used in various sectors of the pharmaceutical industry. One of the representatives of low molecular weight tripeptides is glycyl-glycyl-glycine. In this work, the complex formation of triglycine with Co2+ ions at 298.15 K and I = 0.2 mol/l (KNO3) was studied by potentiometric titration. The study of the complexing properties of triglycine with Co2+ was carried out by the method of potentiometric titration with the ratios M:L = 1:1, 1:2, 1:5. For processing the experimental data, the universal program PHMETR was used, designed to calculate equilibrium constants with an arbitrary number of reactions from the measured equilibrium concentration of one of the particles. The existence of CoL, CoH-1L, CoL2 CoH-2L22–, CoL3–, CoH-3L34– complexes was established. Their stability constants were determined. And the probable structures of the resulting complexes were proposed. The results of this study show that the oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the peptide group are involved in the processes of interaction between Co(II) and triglycine. This significantly changes the thermodynamics of the complex formation of short peptides in comparison with amino acids. The stability constants of cobalt (II) triglycinates obtained in this work allow one to carry out mathematical modeling of equilibria in multicomponent solutions, to predict the behavior of systems in a wide range of concentrations and pH. They can form the basis for generalizations concerning the structure and behavior of low molecular weight peptides in solution, and used for further studies, including calorimetric ones.

The study of the movement of donation in enterprises with harmful working conditions in Tyumen. The influence of professional factors on red blood parameters (hemoglobin concentration, number of red blood cells, ESR, hematocrit, color index) of donors with regard to gender and age was studied. According to the results of a survey of 4,267 blood donors in 2013–2016, there was an increase in the number of withdrawals from donations, due to changes in red blood indicators, in workers at enterprises with harmful working conditions. The examined men and women, whose work is associated with harmful occupational factors, showed a significant decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin and the number of red blood cells. Objective hematological observations along with subjective assessments of the donors ‘own health showed the development of anemic syndrome — one of the main syndromes of lead professional pathology. It is necessary to continue searching for factors that cause an increase in the percentage of donor withdrawal due to low hemoglobin concentrations. Among the promising measures for maintaining and developing donation in enterprises with harmful working conditions, specific plans for improving health should be developed, including specific tools and conditions for improving the blood system.Funding. The study had no funding.Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Purpose. Study on the chemical composition of lake waters, salt brines, brine and bottom sediments to identify the mineralization of rare metals and other types of minerals. Methodology. Mass spectrometric studies (mass spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma ICP-MS 7500cx from AgilentTechnologies) for the purpose of high-precision analytical studies on the chemical composition of salt lake water in order to assess the content of rare elements. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles for linking and geometrizing lakes. Findings. Field surveys on the geometrization and linking of lakes were carried out. From the materials obtained with the help of the drone, orthophotoplans were created (with a measurement accuracy of up to 1 centimeter), as well as a digital terrain model and a digital terrain model. A complex of analytical works was carried out using inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. When analyzing the distribution graphs of the absolute content of micro-components in the waters of the lakes of the Delbegeteysky massif, it was found that all samples were enriched with sodium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium and barium. The results of the analyses revealed the predominance of sulfates and chlorides in the composition of the surface waters of most of the water bodies of the Delbegeteysky massif. At the Burabai site, lake waters are characterized by an alkaline reaction of the environment (on average = 8.71). At the same time, the salinity of water bodies varies from 05 to 9 g/dm3. Originality. Large-scale outcrops of granites of the Kalba complex (P1), with which a rare-metal type of mineralization is genetically associated, are known to be on the selected study sites. Quartz-wire-greisen and quartz-wire tin, tin-tungsten and tungsten formations are also widely developed. Considering the large geochemical migration ability of rare alkaline elements in the thickness of loose sediments as a result of intensive geodynamic processes in the East Kazakhstan region, it is possible to assume the possibility of their migration to the upper horizons and accumulation in salt lakes localized within the area of development of granite intrusions of Permian age and associated deep tectonic faults. Practical value. The results of the research can serve as a revival of the rare metal industry in the region, which will allow developing new high-tech industries and creating new jobs in this area. The obtained results can be used for setting up further exploration and operational work on the selected promising areas.

Objective. Monitoring of the organization of meals and hygienic assessment of the quality of school menus in educational institutions of the Samara region. Materials and methods. Data on the organization and quality of meals in 57 secondary educational institutions of the Samara region were obtained through a sanitary and hygienic description and examination of schools, as well as a questionnaire survey of employees responsible for food. To assess the quality of school rations, an analysis of the nutritional structure was carried out, the coefficient of provision with nutrients and products was calculated, as well as the healthy eating index. Results. There were cases of realization of food and beverages prohibited for children in canteens, low coverage with two meals (10% in grades 1–9 and 3% in grades 10–11), and isolated cases of short duration of breaks for meals (15 minutes). The diet was characterized by an increased energy value (M = 1789.64 ± 138.19 kcal) and a greater excess of carbohydrates (M = 291.99 ± 12.51) due to the predominance of cereals and pasta in the meal structure. The Healthy Eating Index for students was satisfactory, owing to low consumption of fruits, dairy and seafood, and the presence of refined grains in the diet. Conclusion. The identified problems in the organization of school meals increase the likelihood of the development of alimentarydependent diseases among students. From a practical point of view, the appointment and proper hygienic training of personnel responsible for food in educational instituitons is required. Key words: school meals, nutritional value, nutritional structure, healthy eating index For citation: Sazonova O.V., Gavryushin M.Yu., Berezhnova O.V., Borodina L.M., Gorbachev D.O., Frolova O.V., Tupikova D.S. Analysis of school meals in the context of the implementation of modern federal legislation (experience of the Samara region). Vopr. det. dietol. (Pediatric Nutrition). 2020; 18(6): 5–11. (In Russian). DOI: 10.20953/1727-5784-2020-6-5-11

Diseases of the endocrine system are an urgent medical and social problem in connection with their widespread prevalence and negative growth trend throughout the world; they often accompany other chronic diseases and can lead to disability.Aim: to study the trends in the structure and characteristics of the morbidity of the population in the Republic of Tatarstan with diseases of the endocrine system.The study was based on the materials of the official statistics in the Republic of Tatarstan for the period 2014-2019, the methods of descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis were used. The indicators of the primary morbidity and prevalence of the endocrine system diseases among various age groups in the Republic of Tatarstan were studied.The retrospective analysis of the incidence of the endocrine system diseases in the population in the Republic of Tatarstan indicates the formation of stable negative trends in the growth of the prevalence of thyroid diseases, diabetes and obesity among all the groups under study. There is an increase in the primary incidence and prevalence of thyroid diseases among children (growth rate in 2019 compared to 2014 of 198.6 and 50.1% respectively) and adolescents (growth rate of 244.9% and 114.3% respectively), as well as an increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in these groups (growth rate of 500% and 269,2% respectively); an increase in both the primary incidence (growth rate of 200%) and the prevalence of hypothyroidism among children (growth rate of 183.5%), an increase in the prevalence of thyroiditis among adults (growth rate of 24.3%).The rate of increase in the primary incidence of obesity, over 6 years of observation, among children was 74.7%, among adolescents - 171.1%; among the adult population - 21.2%.To reverse negative trends in morbidity, we believe it is necessary to strengthen preventive work among all age groups to form healthy eating habits, maintain a normal body weight, take legislative decisions on mass prevention of iodine deficiency in endemic regions, as well as conduct some research aimed at assessing the impact of risk factors caused by the impact of endocrine disruptors on the health of the population of the Republic.

The objective of this study was to examine associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms, rs1045642 within the MDR1 gene and rs1799930 within the NAT2 gene, with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the population of Central Russia. DNA specimens were obtained from 178 patients with CRC (87 males and 91 females) and 327 age-matched healthy controls (179 males and 148 females). Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR. Association of the studied SNPs with the risk of CRC was evaluated using logistic regression analysis. It was demonstrated that MDR1 rs1045642 polymorphism was associated with the increased risk of CRC after correction for gender, age, and smoking (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.09–1.83; P = 0.008). A gender-stratified analysis showed that MDR1 rs1045642 was associated with the increased risk of CRC only in females (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.11–2.35; P = 0.01). In males, no association between MDR1 rs1045642 and CRC was found. Association between MDR1 rs1045642 and the increased risk of colorectal cancer in Russian females from Central Russia was revealed.

The proportion of obese and overweight children is alarmingly high. This dictates the need for promoting healthy lifestyle and eating habits in children. Summer camps provide a wide range of activities to improve children’s health. However, methods used to assess children’s nutritional status during a camp session need to be analyzed in depth, and a rationale should be provided for the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometric measurements as efficacy criteria for summer camp healthcare. We examined 125 boys and 221 girls aged 8–15 years spending their summer holidays at 3 different camps. Measurements were taken twice: on days 1 and 2 upon arrival to a camp and 2 days before leaving for home. In each camp, both positive and negative health weight dynamics were observed. The overall weight dynamics in children from camps 1 and 2 were statistically insignificant (p = 0.415 and p = 0.585), in contrast to camp 3 where those changes were significant (p = 0.025). BIA revealed that less than 44.34% of children had gained skeletal muscle mass during their stay at the camp, whereas weight loss was associated with both decreased fat and skeletal muscle masses. BIA confirms the results of anthropometric measurements and also provides information about the diet offered to children and their level of physical activity. Therefore, the use of anthropometric measurements and BIA could be an informative method for assessing the efficacy of healthcare in summer camps.

The problem of blood transfusion is closely associated with a reduction in the number of donors - people donating blood voluntarily, which is especially important for the modern industrial city. There was executed the study of the movement of the donation at the enterprises with harmful working conditions in the city of Tyumen. These enterprises with a large number of workers have the stable gain in persons willing to donate blood, but in parallel, there is increasing the number of persons receiving the allotment. In the work there was investigated an influence of occupational factors on indices (hemoglobin concentration, number of red blood cells, ESR, hematocrit, color index ) of the red blood of donors, with taking into account their gender and age. Results of the survey of 4 267 blood donors in 2011-2014 show an increase in the number of medical counterindications for donations, due to changes in red blood indices in persons, working at enterprises with harmful working conditions. In all examined men and women whose work is associated with harmful occupational factors, there was revealed a significant decline in hemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte count. Objective hematologic observations along with subjective assessments of donors of their own health have shown the development of anemic syndrome - one of the main syndromes of lead professional pathology. It is necessary to continue the search for factors contributing to the increase in the share of the withdrawal of donors due to low hemoglobin concentration. It is recommended the supplement of industry reporting with stratified rates of the withdrawal of donors before donation and the development of an algorithm for the rehabilitation of exempted donors. Among the most promising measures for the maintenance and development of the donation at enterprises with harmful working conditions, specific plans for improving health including specific means and conditions for the recovery of the blood system should be developed.

Today, the problem of the treatment of fungal diseases is particular importance in the health care system; it shares in Ukraine and abroad is about 25-30 %. Aim. To develop a scientifically based technology of preparation the composition “Propolis-PHNS” in pharmacy and industrial conditions, which is a part of the prophylactic medicines of “Propolis-Derma” for using in the complex therapy of mycosis and skin damage. Materials and methods. Analysis, empirical, physical, physical-chemical, pharmaco-technological, statistical methods. Results . The analysis of marketing researches of medicines according to ATC classification shows that the pharmaceutical market of anti-mycotic drugs is represented by synthetic drugs mainly, which shows that creation of therapeutic and prophylactic agents on the basis of substances of natural origin is an actual. It is established that the most promising and accordingly effective in this aspect are medicines with complex action in the form of therapeutic and prophylactic antiseptic vials-pencils (markers). Based on the results of physical and physical-chemical studies of API and their mixtures as a concentrate solution, the technology for obtaining a new pharmaceutical composition “Propolis-PHNS” in the form of therapeutic and prophylactic markers have been theoretically substantiated and experimentally developed. Conclusions . Results of the experimental research have been used in the development of block design of the technological process of preparation for treatment and prophylactic medicine “Propolis-PHNS” in the conditions of pharmacy and industrial production and development the normative documentation in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine in the form of a technological instruction and a project of technological regulation for the medicinal-prophylactic medicine.

Aim - to study the informativeness of the analysis of oral fluid parameters to assess the state of metabolism in patients with obesity. Materials and methods. The article studied the indicators of oral fluid and blood, wich characterized the metabolism, among 58 patients with II type of obesity (36 women and 22 men, mean age 39.5±6.2 years). Results. It was found, that the most pronounced changes in biochemical parameters of blood during obesity are observed from the side of lipid metabolism. From 34.62% of patients increased content of cholesterol in blood, 22.22% of patients, triglycerides. Glucose concentration exceeded the reference value in 25.93% of patients. The greatest changes in indicators of the oral fluid was found in triglycerides - they have a high level of 66.67% of the patients. The comparison of the indicators in the blood and oral fluid was revealed, that the increase in triglycerides in the oral fluid is accompanied by a similar trend in the blood in 22.22% of cases. Among those with a high concentration of glucose in oral fluid at 50.0% of cases revealed hyperglycemia. The evaluation of enzyme activity, despite the rather pronounced shifts in the blood, we found, that there was no significant increase in the oral fluid activity of the transaminases studied. Conclusion. Oral fluid is a useful biological material for the assessment of metabolism in patients with obesity. The most informative indicators of oral fluid to assess the state of metabolism in patients with obesity were triglycerines and glucose. The results of the study are necessary for the development of rapid systems for the diagnosis and monitoring of the effectiveness of treatment of obesity by a doctor and a patient.

The author offers to train schoolchildren of 6–8th forms to define artistic tropes such as epithet, comparison, metaphor by using of the potential of N.M. Rubtsov’s lyrics.

The necessity of social partnership in the management of the rural population employment on the basis of the programs “Support of labor rehabilitation and subsequent employment of disabled people” on the platform of the “Territorial Agreement” is shown. In the conditions of the employment policy activation it reduces the unemployment rate in the municipal districts. It is important not only to analyze the causes of rural unemployment, but also to study the structure of labor resources for the development of the rural population employment trajectories. In rural areas, employment management is considered from the perspective of increasing the labor potential of municipalities. The process of employment management is formed on the basis of the development dynamics of both industrial and social processes, the pace of scientific and technological progress and the need to increase the innovative sensitivity of labor collectives in agricultural organizations. The processes of society humanization outline the trajectory of social adaptation and support in solving issues related to the life of disabled people, as the most vulnerable category of citizens. We associate the management of the rural population employment with the procedural elements of the organizational mechanism functioning: the conclusion of the “Territorial Agreement on the promotion of employment of disabled people” (draft) and the implementation of the Program “Support of labor rehabilitation and subsequent employment of disabled people”. The mechanism for managing the rural population employment at the municipal level ensures the functioning of a social partnership between the Agency for Labor and Employment of the Population of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the executive bodies of the Yemelyanovsky district municipality and the business systems of the district, which facilitate disabled people’s social adaptation; expand their professional and labor activities; create conditions for employment.

This article describes the names of representatives of different social strata , which acquire metaphorical characterising meanings аристократ ( Eng . aristocrat ), барин ( Eng . barin , gentleman ) and буржуа ( Eng . bourgeois ). The author analyses semantic interpretations of the direct and figurative meanings of these units in dictionaries, examining personal, abstract nouns, and adjectives. Referring to the Russian National Corpus, she demonstrates how the characterising meaning of adjectives and abstract nouns comes to the fore. The figurative meanings of the derivatives of the Russian words аристократ (Eng. aristocrat ), барин (Eng. barin , gentleman ) and буржуа (Eng. bourgeois ) are formed differently. Among the derivatives of аристократ , only the figurative meaning of the noun bears a negative connotation but not the corresponding adjective or abstract noun. Among the derivatives of the word барин , the figurative meanings of all the three units have negative connotations: the personal noun, the adjective and the abstract noun. In the third group of the буржуа derivatives, there appears the noun буржуй . The use of the adjective буржуазный (Eng. bourgeois ) demonstrates a change in connotations throughout time. During the Soviet era, the adjective was used with an ideologically negative colouring, and during the post-Soviet era one can notice a positive connotation. In the early 21 st century, the noun буржуазность has both positive and negative connotations though originally it appears to have been a negative one.

The article discusses issues related to the formation of empty cars according to the type of rolling stock and by owners, their possible assembly points, an analysis of the formation plan from empty cars is carried out in order to select a station for the concentration of empty cars according to the type of rolling stock and the routes of their access to them. The analysis of groups of wagons that can be organized into exit routes is carried out. The criteria of the set optimization task for the moving of empty cars and improvement of the quality indicators of operational work for JSC Russian Railways have been substantiated. The dependence of the destination capacity on the number of destinations formed by trains at the Khabarovsk II station has been determined. The scientific challenge to be solved by the project: the irrational use of the car fleet and the estimated capacity of the gravity humps.

The article concerns modern methods of the diagnosis of tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection and gives discussion data in questions of sensitivity and specificity of some modern diagnosis methods.

Проведено маркетингові дослідження сучасного асортименту лікарських засобів протигрибкової дії за даними Державного експертного центру МОЗ України та інформаційно-пошукової програми «Моріон». Встановлено частку країн виробників цих лікарських засобів, співвідношення різних лікарських форм та лікарських підгруп відповідно до уніфікованої анатомо-терапевтичної та хімічної класифікаційної системи АТС (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) досліджуваних ЛЗ за групою D 01A., Marketing research of the modern range of antifungal drugs has been conducted according to the data of the State Expert Center of the Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine and Morion information retrieval program. The share of manufacturing countries of these drugs, and the ratio of different dosage forms and drug subgroups of the drugs studied by group D 01A have been determined according to the unified anatomic-therapeutic and chemical classification system ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical)., Проведены маркетинговые исследования современного ассортимента лекарственных средств противогрибкового действия по данным Государственного экспертного центра МОЗ Украины и информационно-поисковой программы «Морион». Установлено долю стран-производителей этих лекарственных средств, соотношение различных лекарственных форм и лекарственных подгрупп в соответствии с унифицированной анатомо-терапевтической и химической классификационной системой АТС (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) исследуемых ЛС по группе D 01A.

The problem of tuberculosis in penitentiary institutions is still relevant today. While the number of prisoners reduced by 3.7% in 2015 compared to 2014, TB incidence among persons entering preliminary detention units remains the same. However, in prisons incidence of tuberculosis and mortality has declined by 10% and 35.2%, respectively, over the same period. In order to optimize approaches to the prevention of tuberculosis in penitentiary institutions, we examined the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and the incidence of mental stress among inmates on their admission to an Altai territory detention unit. Based on the study results, we suggest measures for TB prevention in prisons.

Free-radical-mediated processes are involved in a variety of physiological events, while oxidative stress and related redox deregulation are implicated in various pathological events. Tripeptide glutathione plays an important role in the antioxidant defense of the brain, particularly in the maintenance of the optimal redox state in neurons and glial cells. We studied the combined effects of pantothenic acid derivatives, pantothenol and calcium pantothenate, and memantine, which is a glutamate receptor antagonist that is widely used for the treatment of dementia, on amnesia induced by scopolamine in rats. Scopolamine induced amnesia in rats; however, unexpectedly, this effect was even more expressed in the memantine-pretreated animals. Memory impairments were less manifested in the rats that were pretreated with memantine in combination with panthenol or calcium pantothenate. The detrimental scopolamine effect on memory was accompanied by significant depletions of glutathione and coenzyme A in the brain. While memantine recovered the glutathione status to some extent, it nevertheless further aggravated the scopolamine influence on coenzyme A levels. An alleviation of scopolamine-induced memory impairments that was observed after combined pretreatment with memantine and panthenol or calcium pantothenate was accompanied by a normalization of coenzyme A levels, while the effects on glutathione redox did not correlate with the behavioral data.

The paper comparatively analyzes the Federal State Statistics Service’s (Posstat) data on stillbirth rates in the Russian Federation and its federal districts in 2010 and 2012. It is established that there is a preponderance of an antenatal component in the pattern of stillbirth in all the districts. According to the Rosstat data, the most common cause of stillbirth is fetal hypoxia that amounted to 74,6% and 73,9% of the total stillbirths in 2010 and 2012, respectively. The increase in the total stillbirth rates in 2012, by considering the fetal deaths occurring in earlier stages (at 22 to 28 weeks’ gestation), was attended by a decline in the proportion of stillbirths due to hypoxia and by a rise in the proportion of congenital malformations as a cause of death.

The review systematizes data about chemical composition of bark, leaves, inflorescences, and sprouts of different species of Salix L. The closest attention is payed to investigations of Salix, which has been recently carried out in our country and abroad. For every group of biologically active substances described in Salix there are data about suppressed types of pharmacological activity.