Search

Hemaggregatology was formed as a new trend in blood science in the second part of the 20th century. Hemaggregatology underwent several stages in its development. This gave rise to a theory of the systematic regulation of blood aggregation and a new trend in surgery, such as blood gravitation surgery. Subsequently all instrumental corrective techniques for blood aggregation were integrated into a special part surgery--blood surgery.

Coagulation in angina pectoris has been analyzed in a normal and elevated level of natural antibodies (nAb) to thrombin. A correlation was found between the level of nAb to thrombin and hemostatic shifts. The correlation of a nAb rise was attempted by means of plasmapheresis (PA) or plasmosorption (PS), altering coagulation potential. PA and PS produced more pronounced anticoagulative effects in patients with a normal baseline level of nAb to thrombin. When the latter levels tended to reduction from initially high, hemostatic processes improved. It is concluded that nAb to thrombin levels have prognostic potential as an indicator of coagulation activity and efficacy of anticoagulant therapy in extracorporeal interventions.

Three groups of hematological engineering methods have been considered: (1) blood gravitation surgery, (2) sorption methods, (3) blood irradiation methods. They were comparatively characterized with respect to their effectiveness. Combined employment of various methods of hematological engineering permits one to avoid shortcomings and intensify the effectiveness of each group of methods. It is shown that new internal environment of the body is developed in the process of hematological engineering operations. It is stressed that hematological engineering combines methods of blood reconstruction.

A study was made of changes in the content of natural antibodies (N-AB) to thrombin and alpha 2-macroglobulin in patients with angina pectoris under the influence of plasma perfusion. The content of N-AB being increased, plasma perfusion makes it possible to reduce their content to normal. Provided the content of N-AB is initially normal, plasma perfusion does not produce any changes in their level. In 78% of the patients, a beneficial clinical effect was attained, being more pronounced in initially high content of N-AB.

Plasma sorption was performed in patients with Functional Classes III-IV angina pectoris by using the sorbent FAS. A positive clinical effect was achieved in 81%. There was a significant reduction in the levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol remained unchanged.

Conditions favoring the formation of pathological systems of blood aggregation control (BAC) in hemopoiesis defects are overviewed. Major pathological BAC systems are characterized including hematogenic thrombophilias, thrombohemorrhagic syndromes, and pathological diatheses. The relationships between these pathological systems and blood formation defects are analysed, and recommendations are presented on the use of extracorporeal blood aggregation control for the destabilization and reduction of pathological BAC systems. The techniques of extracorporeal BAC are based on the gravitation surgery of blood and are highly effective in the management of patients with certain forms of hemoblastosis, crush and thrombohemorrhagic syndromes, and severe ischemic heart disease. These techniques are not specified as blood purification procedures, but belong to a higher-class group of methodologies including blood reconstruction and hemoengineering. Research into the intersystem relationships in disease is of high practical value. This particularly refers to the determination of the pathological system limits, its components, determinant, and formation of an antisystem.

The paper treats of the main assumptions of the theory of systemic regulation of the aggregate state of the blood. Describes the most important problems of present-day coagulology related to the theory: (1) provision of the practitioner with current methods of the diagnosis of hemostasiopathies including the thrombohemorrhagic syndrome, (2) introduction into clinical practice of new methods of therapy of the disorders seen in the system of regulating the aggregate state of the blood and of this system monitoring (extracorporeal and intracorporeal), (3) formation of the well-equipped coagulologic services within the system of public health, and (4) the development of scientific research with a purpose of understanding the fundamental regularities of the functioning of the regulation of the aggregate state of the blood.

Gravitation surgical correction (500 sessions of gravitation plasmapheresis and thrombocytapheresis) of blood aggregation was performed in patients with myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris. At surgery 30% of circulating plasma was removed and substituted for rheologically active solutions and albumin. Final results of the treatment indicate a return to normal values of blood aggregation, improved hemodynamics, cardiac and visceral functions, performance and social status. Coronary disease ran more advantageous course. The correction of the internal medium in coronary heart disease using gravitation plasmapheresis promotes adaptation and removes blood material substrates responsible for emergence of pathology in the chain blood aggregation-blood rheology-myocardial function-hemodynamics. Recovery of normal functioning of the system entails improvement of related functional systems.