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Parathyroid cell transplantation is an effective approach for the treatment of permanent hypoparathyroidism. Intramuscular and intraperitoneal routes were performed previously but intravenous adminstration has not been conducted previous studies. Our aim is to determine proper homing site for parathyroid cells, therefore we administered parathyroid cells intravenously and observed results. This study is carried out on nine sheep. According to the given substance the sheep were divided into two groups; seven were parathyroid cell injected group and two were isotonic saline solution injected control group. Parathyroid cells were obtained from a patient with chronic kidney failure and were injected intravenously into sheep after cell isolation.: 20x106 cells for two animals, 50x106 cells for two animals, 100x106 cells for two animals, and 200x106 cells for one animal respectively, with no post injection immunosuppresive therapy. Immunosuppresion was not administered. Physical conditions of animals and blood biochemical tests were observed for three months. After sacrifications, kidneys and livers were evaluated histopathologically. In 20x106 and 50x106 cell transplanted groups serum PTH levels increased in the first seven days but in the other groups remained stable. Histopathological evaluations of kidneys and livers revealed fibrosis related to the number of infused cells, however biochemical functional differentiations were not detected. Intravenous parathyroid cell transplantation is considered as an effective and useful technique to perform without immunosuppression. However, further and long term studies need to have more acceptable results in future for clinical purpose.

Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı, insan paratiroid dokularından izole edilen hiperplazik hücrelerin, sıçanlara immünsupresan verilmeden transplante edilerek transplantasyon verimliliğinin incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada, paratiroid hiperplazi tanısıyla opere edilen 62 yaşında erkek hastadan izole edilen hiperplazik paratiroid hücreleri kullanıldı. Alıcı olarak üç adet erkek Sprague Dawley sıçan kullanıldı. İnsandan elde edilen hücreler sıçanlara immünsupresan uygulanmadan transplante edildi. Transplantasyon işlemi sırasında hücreler doğrudan sırasıyla, vena portaya, vena cavaya ve periferik vene enjekte edildi. Transplantasyon başarısının takibi açısından total parathormon (PTH) ve serum kalsiyum düzeyleri, transplantasyon öncesinde ve sonrasında ölçüldü.Bulgular: Sıçanların transplantasyon öncesi total PTH düzeyleri 1,4-4,2 pg/mL aralığında, 45. gün değerleri ise 6,2-17,1 pg/mL aralığında tespit edildi. Sonuç: Periferik dolaşımdan ve vena portadan yapılan transplantasyonun, vena cavaya göre daha başarılı olduğu belirlendi. Sonuç olarak nakil işleminde periferik venden hücre naklinin yararlı olabileceği düşünüldü. Sunduğumuz çalışmanın ilerleyen dönemlerde hayvan sayısı arttırılarak tekrarlanması araştırmayı kuvvetlendirecektir.

Pilonidal sinus is a very common inflammatory disease of the gluteal region. The ideal method of pilonidal sinus treatment should have a low recurrence rate with minimum excision. Moreover, the treatment method should have a short hospitalization time, should let the patient return to his normal life rapidly, should cause minimum loss of labour and should result a small scar only. In the presented review, modalities in pilonidal sinus treatment in the light of current information in the literature are evaluated.

Vitamin A derivatives have inhibitory effects on cartilage tissue, such as decreasing chondrocyte proliferation and collagen synthesis, and increasing the loss of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. Therefore, isotretinoin (a vitamin A derivative) may play a role in the pathogenesis of cartilage-related diseases like osteoarthritis by affecting the balance of cartilage tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distal femoral cartilage thickness in acne patients under the systemic isotretinoin therapy and to determine whether it constitutes a risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis. The study included 52 patients (42 female, 10 male, mean age 23.31 ± 3.89 years) who were prescribed systemic isotretinoin for acne and completed at least 3 months of treatment, along with 45 healthy controls ((35 female, 10 male, mean age 23.85 ± 4.77 years). Bilateral distal femoral cartilage thickness was measured by ultrasonography before isotretinoin treatment and after the completion of the third month of treatment. After treatment, a statistically significant increase was found in the thickness of the right medial, right lateral, left medial, left lateral, and left intercondylar cartilage (p = 0.014, 0.012, 0.019, 0.027, 0.002, respectively). There was also an increase in the right intercondylar cartilage thickness, but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.1). Systemic isotretinoin seems to make cartilage thicker. The increase in femoral cartilage thickness observed after short-term isotretinoin treatment might be an indicator of very early-stage osteoarthritis. Extended follow-up studies with larger participant pools are necessary to substantiate this result., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Psoriasis might bring about an increased risk of liver diseases like nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and fibrosis. The impact of methotrexate on liver function is still a cause for concern, because of the studies suggesting an increased risk of liver damage and others finding no association. The focus of this study was the liver functions in psoriatic patients investigating the impact of long-term use of methotrexate on liver in psoriasis. A retrospective investigation including 140 patients with psoriasis receiving methotrexate treatment for at least 6 months and a control group consisted of 105 healthy ones was conducted. Liver function tests (AST, ALT, PLT) were assessed, and the association of baseline PASI with FIB-4 and APRI values was investigated. Additionally, FIB-4 and APRI values at baseline, 3rd, and 6th months of methotrexate treatment for psoriasis were compared. Compared with the controls, psoriatic patients exhibited significantly higher FIB-4 scores (p = 0.004). A moderate and significant correlation was observed between baseline PASI score and baseline FIB-4 score in psoriatic patients (p < 0.001, rho = 0.626). Long-term methotrexate use had no effect on APRI or FIB-4 (p = 0.104 and p = 0.475, respectively). Psoriatic patients face an elevated risk of liver fibrosis. Long-term methotrexate use does not adversely affect liver function in psoriatic patients. Noninvasive tools like APRI and FIB-4 scores can be employed to evaluate the risk of liver disease in these patients., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Based on the presence of chronic pain and the potential use of common treatment agents in Notalgia Paresthetica (NP) and Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) for improvement, we aimed to investigate the frequency of FMS symptoms in NP patients and its impact on quality of life. This study is a case control cohort study including 26 patients diagnosed with NP and a total of 26 controls matched for age and gender. The 2016 revised fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) were used to inquire about FMS diagnosis criteria in the study. According to the 2016 ACR revised FMS diagnostic criteria, the frequency of FMS was significantly higher in the patient group (n = 9, 34.6%) compared to the control group (n = 2, 7.7%) (p = 0.042). The Wide Pain Index (WPI) score in the control group was 2.00 (3.25), while in the patient group, it was 4.00 (8.00), with a statistically significant difference between them (p < 0.035). Furthermore, significant statistical differences were found between the two groups in terms of Symptom Severity Scale (SSS), Fibromyalgia Score (FS), and FIQ (p < 0.035, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). In NP patients with accompanying FMS, Dermatology Life Quality Index was significantly more affected compared to those without FMS (p = 0.025). In conclusion, we recommend that NP patients be questioned about FMS, which is characterized by generalized pain, as well as regional neuropathic symptoms. Treatment success can be enhanced by using common agents in the treatment choice for accompanying FMS., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objective: A large number of patients applying to the dermatology clinics are affected by fungal diseases, and a significant portion of which are superficial fungal infections. Dermatophyte infections are a notable public health concern and frequently encountered in clinical practice. Dermatophytosis not only compromises the quality of life but also predisposes individuals to various comorbidities due to its role as a gateway for secondary bacterial agents. This study aims to determine the species distribution of dermatophytes prevalent and assess their susceptibility to antifungal drugs., Patients and Methods: Skin, nail, and hair samples were obtained from patients with a clinical diagnosis of dermatophytosis. Samples were all cultured to isolate and identify the species. In vitro liquid microdilution tests were conducted to assess the susceptibility of the isolated strains against terbinafine, fluconazole, griseofulvin, and butenafine., Results: A total of 353 samples were obtained from the hair, skin, and nail lesions of 326 patients. Dermatophyte was isolated in 71 of the samples (20.1%). The cultured dermatophyte subtypes included Trichophyton rubrum (13.8% in 49 samples), Microsporum audouini (5.7% in 20 samples), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (0.6% in 2 samples). Antifungal susceptibility testing revealed that terbinafine was the most effective antifungal drug against all dermatophyte species, while fluconazole exhibited the highest resistance., Conclusions: The most common dermatophytosis agent in our region is T. rubrum. The least antifungal resistance was found against terbinafine. Conducting antifungal susceptibility tests is crucial for selecting effective treatment regimens and early detection of resistance development.

Background: The link between rosacea and various systemic conditions has been growing in prominence, even though the relationship between rosacea and cardiovascular disease remains a subject of debate in current research., Aims: Detecting the connection between rosacea and subclinical atherosclerosis using laboratory and ultrasonographic parameters., Methods: Fifty rosacea patients and 49 control were included in the study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, including serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fetuin-A (FA), and matrix gla protein levels were assessed. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was measured by carotid ultrasonography., Results: Serum hs-CRP levels (p = 0.009) and mean CIMT (p = 0.001) were significantly higher, while serum FA levels were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the rosacea patients compared with control. The number of patients with mean CIMT>75th percentile according to age and sex were significantly higher in the rosacea group (p = 0.001). Rosacea patients with ocular involvement exhibited significantly higher hs-CRP values in comparison to those without ocular involvement (p = 0.008). No significant correlation was detected between disease duration, severity, subtype and the study parameters., Conclusions: This study results suggest that rosacea poses an independent risk for subclinical atherosclerosis regardless of its severity, duration, or subtype. Therefore, individuals diagnosed with rosacea should receive careful evaluation and monitoring to detect possible cardiovascular complications promptly. Furthermore, our study hints at a potential elevated risk of subclinical inflammation in rosacea patients with ocular involvement, warranting additional attention and further investigation., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) and osteoarthritis involve similar factors in their pathogenesis. Both of these diseases are associated with an increased frequency of metabolic syndrome and underlying systemic inflammation. This study evaluated the thickness of the distal femoral cartilage using ultrasonography in patients with SD. The study enrolled 60 patients with SD (19 females and 41 males, mean age: 34.07 ± 12.56 years) and 60 controls matched for age and sex (20 females and 40 males, mean age: 35.08 ± 12.78 years). Ultrasonography was used to measure the distal femoral cartilage thickness (FCT) of the right medial condyle, right lateral condyle, right intercondylar area, left medial condyle, left lateral condyle, and left intercondylar area. FCT values at all points were significantly higher in patients with SD than in the controls (P < .05). Further, all FCT values were significantly higher in patients with moderate SD than in those with mild SD (P < .001). A strong positive correlation was observed between disease severity and FCT measured at right medial condyle (r = .7, P < .001), right lateral condyle (r = .749, P < .001), right intercondylar area (r = .79, P < .001), left medial condyle (r = .624, P < .001), and left intercondylar area (r = .703, P < .001). Further, a moderately positive correlation was observed between disease severity and FCT measured at left lateral condyle (r = .581, P < .001). Increased FCT in patients with SD might be an early indicator of osteoarthritis. However, further studies, especially those evaluating older patients with SD, are required to support our findings., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether patients with psoriasis are prone to urolithiasis. Prospective analysis of 67 patients diagnosed as psoriasis (PS group) and 65 volunteers who had never been diagnosed as psoriasis (NPS group) was performed. The levels of oxalate, citrate, calcium, uric acid, magnesium, creatinine, and sodium were evaluated by analyzing the 24-h urine samples. Stone events were detected in 13 patients (19.4%) in the PS group and in five participants (7.7%) in the NPS group, respectively (P < 0.05). The median value of 24-h citrate was significantly lower in the PS group than in the NPS group (P = 0.029). The median value of 24-h urine uric acid was significantly higher in the PS group than the NPS group (P = 0.005). Hypernatriuria was significantly higher in the PS group (P = 0.027). Hyperuricosuria was detected in the 10.4% and 1.5% of patients who had severe and mild disease, respectively (P = 0.027). Patients with psoriasis are more prone to urolithiasis. Hypocitraturia, hyperuricosuria, and hypernatriuria were the main metabolic abnormalities detected in psoriasis. Hyperuricosuria has been associated with the severity of the disease., (© 2023 Japanese Dermatological Association.)

Objective: Phototherapy is a convenient and effective treatment alternative for a range of skin diseases. However, a major challenge in patient adherence to phototherapy may be the necessity of visiting a phototherapy center regularly over an extended period of time. The aims of this study were (i) to investigate the adherence rate to phototherapy and (ii) to determine factors associated with adherence to narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy (nbUVB) treatment., Patients and Methods: A retrospective review of patient records who underwent nbUVB phototherapy between January 1, 2018, and March 31, 2023, was performed. Patient records were reviewed for age, gender, skin type, diagnosis, type of phototherapy applied, duration of treatment, total number of sessions, presence of side effects, reasons for discontinuation of treatment, and perceived benefits of treatment., Results: Of a total of 729 patients undergoing phototherapy, 281 (38.5%) discontinued treatment before completing 20 sessions. In particular, younger patients and those who experienced fewer side effects tended to discontinue treatment prematurely. The most common reason for discontinuing treatment was difficulty in visiting the hospital regularly., Conclusions: The patient's compliance with phototherapy was 61.5%. These results indicate that phototherapy is still one of the preferred treatment methods, although many new treatment agents have been developed in dermatology in recent years. Identifying and addressing factors that affect patient adherence will certainly help increase the effectiveness of treatment.

Objective: We aimed to detect the frequency of fibromyalgia syndrome in patients with rosacea and determine whether this frequency was affected by the severity of rosacea and the quality of life., Methods: In this prospective, controlled, cross-sectional study, a total of 94 consecutive rosacea cases and 87 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. The severity of rosacea was assessed in light of the findings of the National Rosacea Society Ethics Committee. Dermatology Life Quality Index and Rosacea-specific Quality-of-Life instrument had been applied to the cases of rosacea. The diagnosis of fibromyalgia syndrome was established according to the 2016 revised fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria, and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire was used to determine the functional disability., Results: The frequency of fibromyalgia syndrome was higher in the rosacea group than in the control group (p=0.01), and Dermatology Life Quality Index and Rosacea-specific Quality-of-Life instrument were higher in patients with rosacea with fibromyalgia syndrome (p=0.006 and p=0.004, respectively). A statistically significant weak positive correlation was observed between Dermatology Quality-of-Life Index, Rosacea-specific Quality-of-Life instrument, and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire; symptom severity scale scores; and fibromyalgia score (r=0.35, r=0.259, and r=0.32 and r=0.376, r=0.305, and r=0.312, respectively)., Conclusion: The patients with rosacea have higher rates and disability scores of fibromyalgia syndrome than healthy controls, independent of rosacea severity, and quality of life is correlated with fibromyalgia scores. We might point out that fibromyalgia syndrome accompanying rosacea has more restrictions in their daily routine activities than rosacea alone. As such, physicians should be aware of the possible coexistence of rosacea and fibromyalgia syndrome.

Background: A broad spectrum of skin diseases, including hair and nails, can be directly or indirectly triggered by COVID-19. It is aimed to examine the type and frequency of hair and nail disorders after COVID-19 infection., Methods: This is a multicenter study conducted on consecutive 2171 post-COVID-19 patients. Patients who developed hair and nail disorders and did not develop hair and nail disorders were recruited as subject and control groups. The type and frequency of hair and nail disorders were examined., Results: The rate of the previous admission in hospital due to COVID-19 was statistically significantly more common in patients who developed hair loss after getting infected with COVID-19 (P < 0.001). Telogen effluvium (85%) was the most common hair loss type followed by worsening of androgenetic alopecia (7%) after COVID-19 infection. The mean stress scores during and after getting infected with COVID-19 were 6.88 ± 2.77 and 3.64 ± 3.04, respectively, in the hair loss group and were 5.77 ± 3.18 and 2.81 ± 2.84, respectively, in the control group (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). The frequency of recurrent COVID-19 was statistically significantly higher in men with severe androgenetic alopecia (Grades 4-7 HNS) (P = 0.012; Odds ratio: 2.931 [1.222-7.027]). The most common nail disorders were leukonychia, onycholysis, Beau's lines, onychomadesis, and onychoschisis, respectively. The symptoms of COVID-19 were statistically significantly more common in patients having nail disorders after getting infected with COVID-19 when compared to the control group (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The development of both nail and hair disorders after COVID-19 seems to be related to a history of severe COVID-19., (© 2022 the International Society of Dermatology.)

Background: Joint involvement associated with psoriasis is referred to as psoriatic arthritis. A late diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis may cause a variety of morbidities; therefore, an early diagnosis and treatment of psoriatic arthritis are required. Asymptomatic psoriatic arthritis has been found in 8-70% of patients with psoriasis using imaging techniques., Objective: To investigate joint and enthesis regions by ultrasonography in patients with psoriasis without inflammatory joint symptoms to detect subclinical psoriatic arthritis., Methods: We included 50 psoriasis patients and 30 healthy control subjects without joint complaint in this study. Twelve joint regions of all subjects in each group were examined by ultrasonography., Results: The presence of any pathological ultrasonography finding (30%) was higher but did not significantly differ in psoriasis patients compared with the control group (13.33%; p > 0.05)., Conclusion: Although statistically not significant, the pathological ultrasonography findings were approximately twofold more common in patients with psoriasis compared with the control group. Therefore, the development of psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis should be more closely followed., (© 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Background: Pigmented purpuric dermatoses (PPD) are chronic, recurrent group of disorders characterized by petechial and pigmentary macules usually localized on the lower limbs. Its etiopathogenesis is unknown. There are very few clinical and etiological studies on PPD in the literature., Objective: We aim to examine the etiopathogenetic factors of PPD retrospectively., Methods: Demographic characteristics, history of co-morbid disorders and drug usage, hepatitis markers, levels of serum lipids, findings of Doppler ultrasonography in lower extremities, and patch test results of the 24 patients of PPD were examined retrospectively. The patch test results, history of drug use, and co-morbid disorders of the patients were compared with those of the control groups., Results: The male-to-female ratio was 1 : 2, and 83.3% of the patients had Schamberg disease. Seventeen patients had co-morbid disorders and 16 used various drugs, but there was no statistically significant difference between the controls and patients. One patient was positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and 1, for anti-hepatitis C virus antibody. Nine had elevated total cholesterol levels, and 5 had elevated triglyceride levels. Further, 30% of them were positive for at least 1 allergen, while 16% of the control subjects were positive for at least 1 allergen, but statistically significant difference was not found between the 2 groups. Variable degrees of venous insufficiency were detected in 75% of the patients on Doppler ultrasonography of the lower extremities., Conclusion: Venous insufficiency and hypercholesterolemia might be the basic predisposing factors for PPD. Further studies are needed to show if diabetes mellitus and hypertension may cause perivascular inflammation in PPD.

Background: Perniosis is a cold-induced inflammatory disorder of the acral areas. The objective of this study was to investigate the demographic characteristics, associated factors, clinical and laboratory findings in patients with perniosis and to compare those findings between patients who had recurrent and acute disease., Methods: Thirty-four patients with perniosis were investigated retrospectively for age, gender, occupation, smoking and diet histories, associated diseases, family history of perniosis, precipitating factors, the month of onset and the duration of perniosis, the distribution of the lesions and the results of laboratory investigations., Results: Fifteen patients were male and 19 were female. The ages of the patients ranged from 15 to 57 years. Thirteen patients were working as sales people, which was the most common occupation. Sixteen patients were smokers. While 25 of the patients had encountered perniosis for the first time, in 9 of the patients, there were recurrent lesions. Diseases other than perniosis were recorded in 6 of the patients. The laboratory tests revealed mild leukopenia in 2, antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity in 3, mild rise in albumin level in serum protein electrophoresis in 1 patient. ANA positivity was significantly higher in patients with recurrent disease., Conclusion: Perniosis was more common in women and below 40 years. We found no significant laboratory findings except ANA positivity in patients with recurrent perniosis., (© 2013 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.)