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1. Effects of body mass index-related disorders on cognition: preliminary results

Author

Yesavage JA, Kinoshita LM, Noda A, Lazzeroni LC, Fairchild JK, Taylor J, Kulick D, Friedman L, Cheng J, Zeitzer JM, and O'Hara R

Subjects
Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract

Jerome A Yesavage,1,2 Lisa M Kinoshita,1,2 Art Noda,2 Laura C Lazzeroni,2 Jennifer Kaci Fairchild,1,2 Joy Taylor,1,2 Doina Kulick,3 Leah Friedman,1,2 Jauhtai Cheng,1,2 Jamie M Zeitzer,1,2 Ruth O’Hara1,21Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; 2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; 3Department of Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USABackground: Well-known risk factors for cognitive impairment are also associated with obesity. Research has highlighted genetic risk factors for obesity, yet the relationship of those risk factors with cognitive impairment is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the associations between cognition, hypertension, diabetes, sleep-disordered breathing, and obesity. Genetic risk factors of obesity were also examined.Methods: The sample consisted of 369 nondemented individuals aged 50 years or older from four community cohorts. Primary outcome measures included auditory verbal memory, as measured by the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, and executive functioning, as measured by the Color–Word Interference Test of the Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System battery. Apnea–hypopnea index indicators were determined during standard overnight polysomnography. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlations and linear regressions.Results: Poor executive function and auditory verbal memory were linked to cardiovascular risk factors, but not directly to obesity. Genetic factors appeared to have a small but measureable association to obesity.Conclusion: A direct linkage between obesity and poor executive function and auditory verbal memory is difficult to discern, possibly because nonobese individuals may show cognitive impairment due to insulin resistance and the “metabolic syndrome”.Keywords: sleep-disordered breathing, hypertension, diabetes, sleep apnea, BMI, obesity

Published
2014

7. Outcomes following small bowel obstruction due to malignancy in the national audit of small bowel obstruction

Author

Drake, Thomas M., Lee, Matthew J., Sayers, Adele E., Abercrombie, John, Acheson, Austin, Alderson, Derek, Anderson, Iain, Bradburn, Mike, Davies, Michael, Hamady, Zaed, Hind, Daniel, Hollyman, Marianne, Hare, Sarah, Lee, Ellen, Northover, John, Lewis, Christopher, Marriott, Paul J., Maynard, Nick, McFall, Malcolm, Muragananthan, Aravinth, Murray, David, Singh, Pritam, Tierney, Gillian, Verjee, Azmina, Walsh, Ciaran, Wild, Jonathan RL., Wilson, Timothy, Abbott, S., Abdulaal, Y., Afshar, S., Akhtar, M., Anderson, D., Appleton, S., Bandyopadhyay, D., Bashir, G., Behar, N., Bhandari, S., Branagan, G., Boulton, R., Borg, C., Bouras, G., Boyle, J., Brewer, H., Brown, L., Briggs, C., Cartmell, M., Chan, S., Chandratreya, N., Conaghan, P., Cornish, J., Cotton, D., Coyne, P., Crozier, J., Cook, T., Cunha, P., Curtis, N., Day, A., Dayal, S., Dennis, R., Dent, P., Dowson, H., Fallaize, R., Farag, S., El Farran, M., Faulkner, G., Giordano, P., Grey, T., Halahakoon, V., Hannay, J., Harikrishnan, A., Holtham, S., Hawkin, P., Hall, C., Hancock, L., Hartley, J., Howse, F., Kallam, R., Kakaniaris, G., Kelly, S., Lockwood, S., Leinhardt, D., Levy, B., Lal, R., Lazim, T., Lund, J., Lunevicius, R., Mathur, P., Maude, K., McArthur, D., McIlroy, B., Miles, A., Moug, S., Mondragon-Pritchard, M., Messenger, D., Mullan, M., Myers, A., Muhammad, K., Mason, C., Sarveswaran, J., Shatkar, V., Singh, B., Skelly, B., Subramonia, S., Swinscoe, M., Thava, B., Thorn, C., Panagiotopoulos, S., Patel, P., Phillips, J., Peristerakis, I., Qureshi, A., Saunders, M., Shah, P., Sheel, A., Siddiqui, S., Skaife, P., Smart, N., Smith, I., Stevenson, L., Stylianides, N., Steinke, J., Stubbs, B., Thompson, R., Varcada, M., Vimalachandran, D., Virlos, I., Watfah, J., Watson, N., Walker, M., Ventham, N., West, H., Wilson, J., Wijeyekoon, S., Ah-Chuen, J., Ahmed, T., Akram, F., Aldred, E., Ali, A., Aly, M., Amajuoyi, A., Amin, V., Andreou, A., Ansari, A., Ardley, R., Arshad, F., Ashour, O., Asour, A., Ayoub, F., Azeem, H., Azhar, B., Baillie, C., Barker, J., Barkham, B., Baron, R., Barrie, J., Barry-Yarrow, E., Battersby, N., Bazoua, G., Berger, C., Bhasin, S., Biggs, S., Bisset, C., Blencowe, N., Boddy, A., Boereboom, C., Bogdan, M., Bogle, R., Bohra, P., Bolkan, H., Boyer, M., Broadhurst, J., Brown, E., Brown, J., Burns, K., Butcher, K., Capper, C., Cash, T., Chapman, J., Chapman, S., Charalabopoulos, A., Cheek, C., Chok, S., Choong, W., Chowdhury, J., Coe, P., Conn, G., Cook, N., Cooper, S., Cox, C., Crook, R., Cuffolo, G., da Silva, L., Das, B., Davenport, M., Davies, J., Davies, T., Dean, S., Demetriou, G., Dengu, F., Dent, H., Di Benedetto, G., Dindyal, S., Donnelly, E., Douka, E., Downham, C., Edent, H., Edgerton, K., El-Sharif, M., Elamin, O., Elsaid, N., Evans, J., Evans, M., Ewe, R., Ewing, A., Ferguson, H., Fisher, O., Fletcher, J., Forouzanfar, A., Foster, A., Fox, R., Francis, N., Fretwell, V., Fung, D., Gammeri, E., Garnham, J., Geraghty, A., Gilbert, A., Gill, M., Gillespie, M., Glasbey, J., Golder, A., Green, N., Groundwater, E., Grove, T., Habib, H., Haddow, J., Halkias, C., Hampson, A., Hanna, T., Harries, R., Harvey, K., Hawkins, J., Healy, R., Heartshorne, R., Heller, S., Hendra, L., Herrod, P., Heywood, N., Hicks, G., Ng, P., Hope, C., Hopley, P., Hossain, T., Hossaini, S., Hubbard, T., Humphreys, A., Ikram, H., Ioannis, M., Iqbal, M., Jatania, J., Jenkinson, P., Jokhan, S., Jones, A., Jones, C., Jones, L., Joshi, H., Joshi, K., Joy, M., Jull, P., Kane, E., Kanitkar, R., Kauser, S., Kazmi, F., Kedrzycki, M., Kendall, J., Khan, T., King, G., Kisiel, A., Kitsis, C., Kolawole, I., Kosasih, S., Kosti, A., Kotb, A., Lau, A., Lafaurie, G., Lazzaro, A., Lefroy, R., Lennon, H., Leong, K., Lim, E., Lim, J., Lindley, S., Liu, D., Lloyd, P., Locker, D., Lowe, C., Lunt, A., Lutfi, S., Luther, A., Luwemba, S., Mahankali-Rao, P., Mai, D., Majid, S., Malik, A., Manu, N., Mapara, R., Martin, C., Martin, J., Massey, L., Mathias, J., McCain, S., McCluney, S., McNair, A., Mekhail, P., Merchant, J., Merker, L., Mir, S., Mistry, P., Miu, V., Moat, M., Mohamed, E., Mohamed, I., Moore, N., Moretti, L., Morris, H., Morrison, T., Moss, J., Mountford, D., Moynihan, R., Muldoon-Smith, D., Mulholland, J., Murgitroyd, E., Murugaiyan, K., Mykoniatis, I., Nana, G., Nash, T., Nassar, A., Newton, R., Nguyen, K., Nicholas, F., Noor, M., Nowers, J., Nugent, C., Nunn, A., O'Callaghan, J., O'Hara, R., O'Neill, A., Olivier, J., Osei-Bordom, D., Osgood, L., Panchasara, B., Parks, R., Patel, H., Pawelec, K., Payne, C., Pearson, K., Perin, G., Petronio, B., Phelan, L., Pisaneschi, C., Pitt, J., Ponchietti, L., Powell, A., Powell-Chandler, A., Pranesh, N., Proctor, V., Qureshi, N., Rahman, M., Rai, Z., Ramcharan, S., Rangarajan, K., Rashid, M., Reader, H., Rehman, A., Rehan, S., Rengifo, C., Richardson, N., Robinson, A., Robinson, D., Rossi, B., Rutherford, F., Sadien, I., Saghir, T., Sahnan, K., Salahia, G., Scott, B., Scott, K., Seager, A., Seal, S., Sezen, E., Shaban, F., Shahmohammadi, M., Shamsiddinova, A., Shankar, S., Sharpe, A., Shields, T., Shinkwin, M., Shurmer, J., Siddika, A., Simson, R., Singh, S., Sivaraj, J., Skinner, A., Smart, C., Smith, F., Smith, R., Sreedhar, A., Stewart-Parker, E., Stott, M., Symons, N., Taj, T., Tam, J., Tan, K., Tani, S., Tao, D., Thippeswamy, K., Thomas, C., Thompson, E., Thompson-Reil, C., Tongo, F., Toth, G., Turnbull, A., Turnbull, J., Wade, T., Wafi, A., Waite, K., Walker, N., Walker, T., Walsh, U., Wardle, S., Warner, R., Watt, J., Watts, J., Wayman, J., Weegenaar, C., West, M., Whyler, M., Whitehurst, L., Wiggans, M., Williams, G., Williams, R., Williamson, A., Williamson, J., Winter, A., Wolpert, L., Wong, J., van Boxel, G., Yeap, E., Zaman, S., Zappa, B., Zosimas, D., Anderson, O., Athem, A., Athersmith, M., Badenoch, T., Barker, S., Bellam, S., Boam, T., Boland, M., Blake, L., Brown, O., Butler, M., Byrne, B., Campbell, L., Chow, M., Da Costa, K., Cutting, J., Deputy, M., Devoto, L., Doody, P., Ekpete, N., Eljaafari, M., Exarchou, K., Faoury, M., Farinella, E., Gill, C., Goh, M., Gregoir, T., Growcott, S., Gunasekaran, S., Harris, G., Heard, R., Hobson, B., Iqbal, N., Jain, R., Kang, P., Khan, M., Korambayil, S., Kouris, S., Kshatriya, K., Kumar, S., Lee, K., Mahroof, S., Malik, K., Mann, K., Mansour, S., Martin, R., McKay, S., McKinley, N., McWhirter, D., Mellor, K., Mishra, A., Mockford, K., Morrison-Jones, V., Ng, C., Nunn, R., O'Neill, S., Oke, O., Obeid, N., Patel, R., Patel, S., Plunkett-Reed, K., Pouzi, M., Pywell, S., Richards, E., Sinclair, P., Slim, N., Spence, G., Swinkin, M., Tahir, W., Takacs, K., Tanner, N., Taylor, M., Valero, C., Venn, M., Venza, M., Yeong, T., and Fearnhead, Nicola S.

Published
2019
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14. Abstract No. 130 Comparing Survival Outcomes and Toxicities of 90Y Radioembolization of Colorectal Cancer Metastatic to the Liver Between Patients Older and Younger than 70: Analysis from the RESiN Registry (NCT02685631)

Author

Bishay, S., primary, Emmons, E., additional, Du, L., additional, Krebs, H., additional, Gandhi, R., additional, Collins, Z., additional, O'Hara, R., additional, Akhter, N., additional, Wang, E., additional, Grilli, C., additional, Brower, J., additional, Peck, S., additional, Petroziello, M., additional, Aal, A. Abdel, additional, Golzarian, J., additional, Kennedy, A., additional, Matsuoka, L., additional, Sze, D., additional, and Brown, D., additional

Published
2023
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16. Computational Re-Entry Vulnerability Index Mapping to Guide Ablation in Patients With Postmyocardial Infarction Ventricular Tachycardia

Author

Jelvehgaran, P., O'Hara, R., Prakosa, A., Chrispin, J., Boink, G.J., Trayanova, N., Coronel, R., Oostendorp, T.F., Jelvehgaran, P., O'Hara, R., Prakosa, A., Chrispin, J., Boink, G.J., Trayanova, N., Coronel, R., and Oostendorp, T.F.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, BACKGROUND: Ventricular tachycardias (VTs) in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) are often treated with catheter ablation. However, the VT induction during this procedure does not always identify all of the relevant activation pathways or may not be possible or tolerated. The re-entry vulnerability index (RVI) quantifies regional activation-repolarization differences and can detect multiple regions susceptible to re-entry without the need to induce the arrhythmia. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to further develop and validate the RVI mapping in patient-specific computational models of post-MI VTs. METHODS: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging data from 4 patients with post-MI VTs were used to induce VTs in a computational electrophysiological model by pacing. The RVI map of a premature beat in each patient model was used to guide virtual ablations. We compared our results with those of clinical ablation in the same patients. RESULTS: Single-site virtual RVI-guided ablation prevented VT induction in 3 of 9 cases. Multisite virtual ablations guided by RVI mapping successfully prevented re-entry in all cases (9 of 9). Overall, virtual ablation required 15-fold fewer ablation sites (235.5 ± 97.4 vs 17.0 ± 6.8) and 2-fold less ablation volume (5.34 ± 1.79 mL vs 2.11 ± 0.65 mL) than the clinical ablation. CONCLUSIONS: RVI mapping allows localization of multiple regions susceptible to re-entry and may help guide VT ablation. RVI mapping does not require the induction of arrhythmia and may result in less ablated myocardial volumes with fewer ablation sites.

Published
2023

18. Abstract No. 1 ▪ ABSTRACT OF THE YEAR Survival outcomes and toxicities following Y-90 radioembolization of colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver: 498-patient analysis from the RESiN registry (NCT: 02685631)

Author

Emmons, E., primary, Krebs, H., additional, Gandhi, R., additional, Collins, Z., additional, O’Hara, R., additional, Akhter, N., additional, Wang, E., additional, Grilli, C., additional, Brower, J., additional, Peck, S., additional, Petroziello, M., additional, Aal, A. Abdel, additional, Golzarian, J., additional, Kennedy, A., additional, Matsuoka, L., additional, Sze, D., additional, and Brown, D., additional

Published
2022
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19. Abstract No. 304 Evaluation of survival and toxicity of cholangiocarcinoma treated with Y-90 radioembolization: outcomes assessment from the radiation emitting SIR-Spheres in non-resectable tumor registry

Author

Robinson, T., primary, Zhang, K., additional, Matsuoka, L., additional, Sze, D., additional, Kennedy, A., additional, Gandhi, R., additional, Kouri, B., additional, Collins, Z., additional, O’Hara, R., additional, Kokabi, N., additional, Grilli, C., additional, Wang, E., additional, Lee, J., additional, and Brown, D., additional

Published
2022
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20. Abstract No. 32 Multi-institutional review of patients receiving Y-90 transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with hepatic tumors status post partial hepatectomy

Author

Rohr, A., primary, Collins, Z., additional, Hodson, A., additional, Zhang, K., additional, Krebs, H., additional, Ghandi, R., additional, O’Hara, R., additional, Akhter, N., additional, Wang, E., additional, Grilli, C., additional, Brower, J., additional, Peck, S., additional, Petroziello, M., additional, Aal, A. Abdel, additional, Golzarian, J., additional, and Brown, D., additional

Published
2022
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22. Lessons from implementing the Australian National Action Plan for Endometriosis

Author

Armour, M, Avery, J, Leonardi, M, Van Niekerk, L, Druitt, ML, Parker, MA, Girling, JE, McKinnon, B, Mikocka-Walus, A, Ng, CHM, O'Hara, R, Ciccia, D, Stanley, K, Evans, S, Armour, M, Avery, J, Leonardi, M, Van Niekerk, L, Druitt, ML, Parker, MA, Girling, JE, McKinnon, B, Mikocka-Walus, A, Ng, CHM, O'Hara, R, Ciccia, D, Stanley, K, and Evans, S

Abstract

Endometriosis is a common yet under-recognised chronic disease with one in nine (more than 830,000) women and those assigned female at birth diagnosed with endometriosis by the age of 44 years in Australia. In 2018, Australia was the first country to develop a roadmap and blueprint to tackle endometriosis in a nationwide, coordinated manner. This blueprint is outlined in the National Action Plan for Endometriosis (NAPE), created from a partnership between government, endometriosis experts and advocacy groups. The NAPE aims to improve patient outcomes in the areas of awareness and education, clinical management and care and research. As researchers and clinicians are working to improve the lives of those with endometriosis, we discuss our experiences since the launch of the plan to highlight areas of consideration by other countries when developing research priorities and clinical plans. Historically, major barriers for those with endometriosis have been twofold; first, obtaining a diagnosis and secondly, effective symptom management post-diagnosis. In recent years, there have been calls to move away from the historically accepted 'gold-standard' surgical diagnosis and single-provider specialist care. As there are currently no reliable biomarkers for endometriosis diagnosis, specialist endometriosis scans and MRI incorporating artificial intelligence offer a novel method of visualisation and promising affordable non-invasive diagnostic tool incorporating well-established technologies. The recognised challenges of ongoing pain and symptom management, a holistic interdisciplinary care approach and access to a chronic disease management plan, could lead to improved patient outcomes while reducing healthcare costs. LAY SUMMARY: Endometriosis is a chronic disease where tissue like the lining of the uterus is found in other locations around the body. For the 830,000 people living with endometriosis in Australia, this often results in an immense burden on all aspe

Published
2022

29. METex14 ctDNA Dynamics & Resistance Mechanisms Detected in Liquid Biopsy (LBx) From Patients (pts) With METex14 Skipping NSCLC Treated With Tepotinib

Author

Paik, P., primary, O'Hara, R., additional, Veillon, R., additional, Felip, E., additional, Cortot, A., additional, Sakai, H., additional, Mazières, J., additional, Thomas, M., additional, Reinmuth, N., additional, Raskin, J., additional, Conte, P., additional, Garassino, M., additional, Iams, W.T., additional, Griesinger, F., additional, Kowalski, D., additional, Stroh, C., additional, Juraeva, D., additional, Scheuenpflug, J., additional, Johne, A., additional, and Le, X., additional

Published
2022
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30. Tepotinib in Patients with Advanced NSCLC with MET Amplification (METamp)

Author

Le, X., primary, O'Hara, R., additional, Paz-Ares, L., additional, Van Meerbeeck, J.P., additional, Viteri Ramirez, S., additional, Cabrera Galvez, C., additional, Vincente Baz, D., additional, Kim, Y.C., additional, Kang, J.H., additional, Schumacher, K.M., additional, Karachaliou, N., additional, Adrian, S., additional, Bruns, R., additional, and Paik, P., additional

Published
2022
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32. EP24.30: Pilot study of intra‐ and interoperator agreement of a proposed image quality scoring system for transvaginal ultrasound images.

Author

Deslandes, A., Avery, J., Leonardi, M., O'Hara, R., Maple, S., Chen, H., Knox, S., Panuccio, C., Lo, G., Hull, M.L., and Condous, G.

Subjects
IMAGE quality in imaging systems, INTER-observer reliability, TRANSVAGINAL ultrasonography, INTRACLASS correlation, OVARIES
Abstract

This article discusses a pilot study that aimed to test the reliability of a proposed scoring system for quantifying the image quality of transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) images. The scoring system, which could be used in the development of artificial intelligence tools for diagnosing endometriosis, assigned a score of 1-3 to each image based on its quality. The study involved six raters who assessed 150 images, and the results showed poor to moderate levels of interobserver and intraobserver reliability. The authors suggest that further refinement of the scoring system may be necessary to improve reliability. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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33. Increased activation product of Complement 4 protein in plasma of individuals with schizophrenia

Author

Kalinowski, A., primary, Liliental, J., additional, Anker, L., additional, Linkovski, O., additional, Culbertson, C., additional, Hall, J., additional, Pattni, R., additional, Sabatti, C., additional, Noordsy, D., additional, Hallmayer, J.F., additional, Mellins, E., additional, Ballon, J.S., additional, O'Hara, R., additional, Levinson, D.F., additional, and Urban, A.E., additional

Published
2021
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36. Contributor contact details

Author

Dubruel, P., primary, Van Vlierberghe, S., additional, Cama, G., additional, O’Hara, R., additional, Buchanan, F., additional, Dunne, N., additional, Stancu, I.C., additional, Lungu, A., additional, Iovu, H., additional, Neffe, A.T., additional, Julich-Gruner, K.K., additional, Lendlein, A., additional, Henderson, J.H., additional, Davis, K.A., additional, Baker, R.M., additional, Husár, B., additional, Hatzenbichler, M., additional, Mironov, V., additional, Liska, R., additional, Stampfl, J., additional, Ovsianikov, A., additional, De Geyter, N., additional, Morent, R., additional, Feyerabend, F., additional, Capurro, M., additional, Barberis, F., additional, Sirova, M., additional, Karewicz, A., additional, Wirth, T., additional, Ylä-Herttuala, S., additional, Declercq, H., additional, Cornelissen, M., additional, Helder, M., additional, Bakker, A., additional, Fassina, L., additional, Dubruel, P., additional, and Magenes, G., additional

Published
2014
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37. Thanks to Reviewers!

Author

Adams, R, Bahnson, M, Bhaduri, S, Adams, T, Bairaktarova, D, Bielefeldt, A, Aguirre-Munoz, Z, Balakrishnan, B, Blosser, EG, Ahn, B, Beagon, U, Bodnar, C, Aleong, R, Becker, K, Borgford-Parnell, J, Amelink, C, Beddoes, K, Maura, B, Anderson, R, Bego, C, Bowe, B, Andrews, CJ, Beigpourian, B, Bowen, B, Angel, J, Bekki, J, Boyd, J, Fonseca, MA, Bennett, D, Bradburn, I, Kranov, AA, Berdanier, C, Brady, C, Bae, CL, Bernhard, J, Brawner, C, Brose, A, Case, J, Cropley, D, Brown, F, Cassady, R, Cross, K, Brown, P, Celik, S, Cunningham, P, Ben, C, Cutler, S, Brown, S, Chance, SM, Dabbagh, N, Brozina, C, Chen, H, Dallal, A, Brunhaver, S, Chen, O, Daly, S, Bryant, A, Cheville, RA, Daniel, S, Bucciarelli, L, Chiu, J, Danowitz, A, Burkholder, E, Choe, NH, Darolia, R, Burks, G, Clark, R, Davis, K, Burt, B, Clevenger, C, Davis, S, Canney, N, Cole, J, de Jong, T, Cao, Y, Coley, B, De Vries, C, Caratozzolo, P, Cooper, L, Delaine, D, Carballo, R, Cooper, M, DeMonbrun, R, Cardella, M, Craig, T, Denton, M, Di Stefano, M, Erdman, AM, Gilmartin, S, DiBiasio, D, Eris, O, Gladstone, J, Diefes-Dux, H, Evangelou, D, Glancy, A, Dika, S, Ewen, B, Godwin, A, Direito, I, Faber, C, Goldsmith, R, Dohn, N, Falconer, J, Grigg, SJ, Dolansky, M, Fantz, T, Grohs, J, Faulkner, B, Doom, D, Felder, R, Gummer, E, Douglas, E, Ferris, T, Guzey, S, Douglas, KA, Figueiredo, J, Hadgraft, R, Dounas-Frazer, D, Fiorella, L, Hammack, R, Dringenberg, E, Flores, L, Han, K, Duffy, G, Fong, C, Harding, T, Easley, D, Fowler, RR, Harper, K, Eccles, J, Friedrichsen, D, Hartmann, B, Edstrom, K, Ge, J, Hattingh, T, Ellestad, R, Gelles, L, Henderson, R, Henderson, TS, Immekus, J, Kamphorst, J, Herman, G, Inda, M, Karatas, F, Hess, J, Itabashi-Campbell, R, Kartal, O, Hieb, J, Jackson, A, Karwat, D, Higbee, S, Jankowski, N, Katz, A, Hilton, E, Javernick-Will, A, Keipi, T, Hira, A, Jensen, KJ, Kim, D, Hirshfield, L, Smith, J, Kirn, A, Knaphus-Soran, E, Holly, J, Jesiek, B, Knight, D, Horng, S-M, Johnson, A, Knott, T, Huang-Saad, A, Johnson, B, Kohl, P, Huerta, M, Johri, A, Kohtala, C, Huff, J, Jones, B, Komives, S, Hughes, B, Jones, L, Korsunskiy, E, Hughes, R, Jones, T, Kotys-Schwartz, D, Hunsu, N, Kaminski, J, Kramer, J, Hunter, C, Kampe, J-C, Inkelas, KK, Lamm, M, Lonngren, J, McCall, C, Lande, M, Lottero-Perdue, PS, McCave, E, Lappalainen, P, Aguilar, JFL, McCray, E, Lawanto, O, Lucena, J, McGee, E, Lawson, J, Luk, LYY, McGough, C, Leath, S, Lutz, B, McGowan, V, Lee, D, Ma, Y, McNair, LD, Lee, W, Madon, T, McNaughtan, J, Liberatore, M, Mamaril, N, McNeill, N, Lichtenstein, G, Mangiante, E, Mejia, J, Lima, M, Martin, B, Diaz, NM, Lima, RM, Martin, K, Menekse, M, Lin, J, Lippard, C, Mones, AM, Mesquita, DIDA, Michell, K, Litzler, E, Matthews, M, Miller, S, Lo, CK, Matusovich, H, Minichiello, A, London, J, Maynard, N, Miskioglu, EE, Longwell-Grice, R, Mazzurco, A, Yusof, KM, Mohedas, I, Nghia, TLH, Pearson, A, Monat, J, Norton, P, Pearson, N, Monteiro, F, Novoselich, BJ, Pembridge, J, Moote, J, Noy, S, Perez-Felkner, L, Mora, M, O'Hara, R, Perkins, H, O'Moore, L, Peters-Burton, E, Morgan, D, Ohland, M, Pfirman, A, Morgan, T, Okai, B, Pinto, C, Morton, T, Olds, B, Pitterson, N, Mosyjowski, E, Orr, M, Polmear, M, Murphy, T, Ortega-Alvarez, JD, Prince, T, Murray, J, Oseguera, L, Purzer, S, Murzi, H, Owen, C, Quan, GM, Nagy, G, Ozkan, DS, Quillin, K, Natarajathinam, M, Panther, G, Rayess, N, Nelson, M, Patrick, A, Reed, T, Newberry, B, Paul, K, Reeping, D, Newstetter, W, Pawley, A, Reese, M, Reid, K, Rulifson, G, Shivy, V, Renn, K, Rynearson, AM, Simpson, Z, Ricco, G, Sanchez-Pena, ML, Sitomer, A, Richards, L, Saunders-Smits, G, Siverling, E, Rios, L, Sax, L, Slaton, A, Ro, HK, Schimpf, C, Sleezer, R, Roberts, D, Rodgers, K, Schippers, M, Smith-On, C, Rodriguez, S, Schnittka, C, Schunn, C, Rogers, C, Seah, LH, Rohde, J, Rohrer, D, Secules, S, Smith, K, Smith, N, Romine, W, Seifert, C, Sochacka, N, Ross, L, Sessa, V, Stearns, E, Ross, M, Sharp, H, Steif, M, Rottmann, C, Sharp, J, Stephan, P, Rucks, L, Shaw, C, Stevens, R, Streveler, R, Tolbert, D, van Der Marel, F, Strobel, J, Toraman, S, van Hattum, N, Stump, G, Tougaw, D, Verdin, D, Su, X, Trautvetter, LC, Verleger, M, Sundararaja, N, Trenshaw, KF, Vieira, C, Trevelyan, J, Svihla, V, Troussas, C, Villanueva, I, Swan, C, Tsai, J, Vinck, D, Virguez, L, Swanson, R, Tsugawa, MA, Vitasari, P, Sweeny, K, Tuononen, T, Vossoughi, S, Swenson, J, Turner, J, Wallin, P, Talley, K, Turner, S, Tan, L, Tyson, W, Watted, A, Tang, Y, Utley, J, Webber, K, Tank, K, Vasquez, RV, Weintrop, D, Thomas, K, Valdivia, A, Weiss, E, Thompson, JD, Valentine, A, West, R, Tierney, G, Van den Bogaard, M, Wiles, D, Wilson-Lopez, AA, Xinrui, X, Zastavker, Y, Wilson, D, Xu, YJ, Zhang, G, Wolmarans, N, Yang, Y, Zhu, J, Wong, R, Yi, S, Zoltowski, CB, Woollacott, L, Yoon, SY, Adams, R, Bahnson, M, Bhaduri, S, Adams, T, Bairaktarova, D, Bielefeldt, A, Aguirre-Munoz, Z, Balakrishnan, B, Blosser, EG, Ahn, B, Beagon, U, Bodnar, C, Aleong, R, Becker, K, Borgford-Parnell, J, Amelink, C, Beddoes, K, Maura, B, Anderson, R, Bego, C, Bowe, B, Andrews, CJ, Beigpourian, B, Bowen, B, Angel, J, Bekki, J, Boyd, J, Fonseca, MA, Bennett, D, Bradburn, I, Kranov, AA, Berdanier, C, Brady, C, Bae, CL, Bernhard, J, Brawner, C, Brose, A, Case, J, Cropley, D, Brown, F, Cassady, R, Cross, K, Brown, P, Celik, S, Cunningham, P, Ben, C, Cutler, S, Brown, S, Chance, SM, Dabbagh, N, Brozina, C, Chen, H, Dallal, A, Brunhaver, S, Chen, O, Daly, S, Bryant, A, Cheville, RA, Daniel, S, Bucciarelli, L, Chiu, J, Danowitz, A, Burkholder, E, Choe, NH, Darolia, R, Burks, G, Clark, R, Davis, K, Burt, B, Clevenger, C, Davis, S, Canney, N, Cole, J, de Jong, T, Cao, Y, Coley, B, De Vries, C, Caratozzolo, P, Cooper, L, Delaine, D, Carballo, R, Cooper, M, DeMonbrun, R, Cardella, M, Craig, T, Denton, M, Di Stefano, M, Erdman, AM, Gilmartin, S, DiBiasio, D, Eris, O, Gladstone, J, Diefes-Dux, H, Evangelou, D, Glancy, A, Dika, S, Ewen, B, Godwin, A, Direito, I, Faber, C, Goldsmith, R, Dohn, N, Falconer, J, Grigg, SJ, Dolansky, M, Fantz, T, Grohs, J, Faulkner, B, Doom, D, Felder, R, Gummer, E, Douglas, E, Ferris, T, Guzey, S, Douglas, KA, Figueiredo, J, Hadgraft, R, Dounas-Frazer, D, Fiorella, L, Hammack, R, Dringenberg, E, Flores, L, Han, K, Duffy, G, Fong, C, Harding, T, Easley, D, Fowler, RR, Harper, K, Eccles, J, Friedrichsen, D, Hartmann, B, Edstrom, K, Ge, J, Hattingh, T, Ellestad, R, Gelles, L, Henderson, R, Henderson, TS, Immekus, J, Kamphorst, J, Herman, G, Inda, M, Karatas, F, Hess, J, Itabashi-Campbell, R, Kartal, O, Hieb, J, Jackson, A, Karwat, D, Higbee, S, Jankowski, N, Katz, A, Hilton, E, Javernick-Will, A, Keipi, T, Hira, A, Jensen, KJ, Kim, D, Hirshfield, L, Smith, J, Kirn, A, Knaphus-Soran, E, Holly, J, Jesiek, B, Knight, D, Horng, S-M, Johnson, A, Knott, T, Huang-Saad, A, Johnson, B, Kohl, P, Huerta, M, Johri, A, Kohtala, C, Huff, J, Jones, B, Komives, S, Hughes, B, Jones, L, Korsunskiy, E, Hughes, R, Jones, T, Kotys-Schwartz, D, Hunsu, N, Kaminski, J, Kramer, J, Hunter, C, Kampe, J-C, Inkelas, KK, Lamm, M, Lonngren, J, McCall, C, Lande, M, Lottero-Perdue, PS, McCave, E, Lappalainen, P, Aguilar, JFL, McCray, E, Lawanto, O, Lucena, J, McGee, E, Lawson, J, Luk, LYY, McGough, C, Leath, S, Lutz, B, McGowan, V, Lee, D, Ma, Y, McNair, LD, Lee, W, Madon, T, McNaughtan, J, Liberatore, M, Mamaril, N, McNeill, N, Lichtenstein, G, Mangiante, E, Mejia, J, Lima, M, Martin, B, Diaz, NM, Lima, RM, Martin, K, Menekse, M, Lin, J, Lippard, C, Mones, AM, Mesquita, DIDA, Michell, K, Litzler, E, Matthews, M, Miller, S, Lo, CK, Matusovich, H, Minichiello, A, London, J, Maynard, N, Miskioglu, EE, Longwell-Grice, R, Mazzurco, A, Yusof, KM, Mohedas, I, Nghia, TLH, Pearson, A, Monat, J, Norton, P, Pearson, N, Monteiro, F, Novoselich, BJ, Pembridge, J, Moote, J, Noy, S, Perez-Felkner, L, Mora, M, O'Hara, R, Perkins, H, O'Moore, L, Peters-Burton, E, Morgan, D, Ohland, M, Pfirman, A, Morgan, T, Okai, B, Pinto, C, Morton, T, Olds, B, Pitterson, N, Mosyjowski, E, Orr, M, Polmear, M, Murphy, T, Ortega-Alvarez, JD, Prince, T, Murray, J, Oseguera, L, Purzer, S, Murzi, H, Owen, C, Quan, GM, Nagy, G, Ozkan, DS, Quillin, K, Natarajathinam, M, Panther, G, Rayess, N, Nelson, M, Patrick, A, Reed, T, Newberry, B, Paul, K, Reeping, D, Newstetter, W, Pawley, A, Reese, M, Reid, K, Rulifson, G, Shivy, V, Renn, K, Rynearson, AM, Simpson, Z, Ricco, G, Sanchez-Pena, ML, Sitomer, A, Richards, L, Saunders-Smits, G, Siverling, E, Rios, L, Sax, L, Slaton, A, Ro, HK, Schimpf, C, Sleezer, R, Roberts, D, Rodgers, K, Schippers, M, Smith-On, C, Rodriguez, S, Schnittka, C, Schunn, C, Rogers, C, Seah, LH, Rohde, J, Rohrer, D, Secules, S, Smith, K, Smith, N, Romine, W, Seifert, C, Sochacka, N, Ross, L, Sessa, V, Stearns, E, Ross, M, Sharp, H, Steif, M, Rottmann, C, Sharp, J, Stephan, P, Rucks, L, Shaw, C, Stevens, R, Streveler, R, Tolbert, D, van Der Marel, F, Strobel, J, Toraman, S, van Hattum, N, Stump, G, Tougaw, D, Verdin, D, Su, X, Trautvetter, LC, Verleger, M, Sundararaja, N, Trenshaw, KF, Vieira, C, Trevelyan, J, Svihla, V, Troussas, C, Villanueva, I, Swan, C, Tsai, J, Vinck, D, Virguez, L, Swanson, R, Tsugawa, MA, Vitasari, P, Sweeny, K, Tuononen, T, Vossoughi, S, Swenson, J, Turner, J, Wallin, P, Talley, K, Turner, S, Tan, L, Tyson, W, Watted, A, Tang, Y, Utley, J, Webber, K, Tank, K, Vasquez, RV, Weintrop, D, Thomas, K, Valdivia, A, Weiss, E, Thompson, JD, Valentine, A, West, R, Tierney, G, Van den Bogaard, M, Wiles, D, Wilson-Lopez, AA, Xinrui, X, Zastavker, Y, Wilson, D, Xu, YJ, Zhang, G, Wolmarans, N, Yang, Y, Zhu, J, Wong, R, Yi, S, Zoltowski, CB, Woollacott, L, and Yoon, SY

Published
2021

42. Outcomes of obstructed abdominal wall hernia: results from the UK national small bowel obstruction audit

Author

Lee, MJ, Drake, TM, Sayers, AE, Walsh, CJ, Davies, MM, Fearnhead, NS, Abercrombie, J, Acheson, A, Alderson, D, Anderson, I, Bach, S, Davies, M, Hamady, Z, Hind, D, Hollyman, M, Hare, S, Lee, E, Northover, J, Lewis, C, Marriott, P, Maynard, N, Murray, D, Tierney, G, Verjee, A, Wild, J, Abbott, S, Abdulaal, Y, Afshar, S, Ah‐Chuen, J, Ahmed, T, Akhtar, M, Akram, F, Aldred, E, Ali, A, Aly, M, Amajuoyi, A, Amin, V, Anderson, D, Anderson, O, Andreou, A, Ansari, A, Appleton, S, Ardley, R, Arshad, F, Ashour, O, Asour, A, Athem, A, Athersmith, M, Ayoub, F, Azeem, H, Azhar, B, Badenoch, T, Baillie, C, Bandyopadhyay, D, Barker, J, Barker, S, Barkham, B, Baron, R, Barrie, J, Barry‐Yarrow, E, Bashir, G, Battersby, N, Bazoua, G, Behar, N, Bellam, S, Berger, C, Bhandari, S, Bhasin, S, Biggs, S, Bisset, C, Blake, L, Blencowe, N, Boam, T, Boddy, A, Boereboom, C, Bogdan, M, Bogle, R, Bohra, P, Boland, M, Bolkan, H, Borg, C, Boulton, R, Bouras, G, Boyer, M, Boyle, J, Branagan, G, Brewer, H, Briggs, C, Broadhurst, J, Brown, E, Brown, J, Brown, L, Brown, O, Burns, K, Butcher, K, Butler, M, Byrne, B, Campbell, L, Capper, C, Cartmell, M, Cash, T, Chan, S, Chandratreya, N, Chapman, J, Chapman, S, Charalabopoulos, A, Cheek, C, Chok, S, Choong, W, Chow, M, Chowdhury, J, Coe, P, Conaghan, P, Conn, G, Cook, N, Cook, T, Cooper, S, Cornish, J, Cotton, D, Cox, C, Coyne, P, Crook, R, Crozier, J, Cuffolo, G, Cunha, P, Curtis, N, Cutting, J, Da Costa, K, Silva, L, Das, B, Davenport, M, Davies, J, Davies, T, Day, A, Dayal, S, Dean, S, Demetriou, G, Dengu, F, Dennis, R, Dent, H, Dent, P, Deputy, M, Devoto, L, Di Benedetto, G, Dindyal, S, Donnelly, E, Doody, P, Douka, E, Downham, C, Dowson, H, Edent, H, Edgerton, K, Ekpete, N, El Farran, M, Elamin, O, Eljaafari, M, Elsaid, N, El‐Sharif, M, Evans, J, Evans, M, Ewe, R, Ewing, A, Exarchou, K, Fallaize, R, Faoury, M, Farag, S, Farinella, E, Faulkner, G, Ferguson, H, Fisher, O, Fletcher, J, Forouzanfar, A, Foster, A, Fox, R, Francis, N, Fretwell, V, Fung, D, Gammeri, E, Garnham, J, Geraghty, A, Gilbert, A, Gill, C, Gill, M, Gillespie, M, Giordano, P, Glasbey, J, Goh, M, Golder, A, Green, N, Gregoir, T, Grey, T, Groundwater, E, Grove, T, Growcott, S, Gunasekaran, S, Habib, H, Haddow, J, Halahakoon, V, Halkias, C, Hall, C, Hampson, A, Hancock, L, Hanna, T, Hannay, J, Harikrishnan, A, Harries, R, Harris, G, Hartley, J, Harvey, K, Hawkin, P, Hawkins, J, Healy, R, Heard, R, Heartshorne, R, Heller, S, Hendra, L, Herrod, P, Heywood, N, Hicks, G, Hobson, B, Holtham, S, Hope, C, Hopley, P, Hossain, T, Hossaini, S, Howse, F, Hubbard, T, Humphreys, A, Ikram, H, Ioannis, M, Iqbal, M, Iqbal, N, Jain, R, Jatania, J, Jenkinson, P, Jokhan, S, Jones, A, Jones, C, Jones, L, Joshi, H, Joshi, K, Joy, M, Jull, P, Kakaniaris, G, Kallam, R, Kane, E, Kang, P, Kanitkar, R, Kauser, S, Kazmi, F, Kedrzycki, M, Kelly, S, Kendall, J, Khan, M, Khan, T, King, G, Kisiel, A, Kitsis, C, Kolawole, I, Korambayil, S, Kosasih, S, Kosti, A, Kotb, A, Kouris, S, Kshatriya, K, Kumar, S, Lafaurie, G, Lal, R, Lau, A, Lazim, T, Lazzaro, A, Lee, K, Lefroy, R, Leinhardt, D, Lennon, H, Leong, K, Levy, B, Lim, E, Lim, J, Lindley, S, Liu, D, Lloyd, P, Locker, D, Lockwood, S, Lowe, C, Lund, J, Lunevicius, R, Lunt, A, Lutfi, S, Luther, A, Luwemba, S, Mahankali‐Rao, P, Mahroof, S, Mai, D, Majid, S, Malik, A, Malik, K, Mann, K, Mansour, S, Manu, N, Mapara, R, Martin, C, Martin, J, Martin, R, Mason, C, Massey, L, Mathias, J, Mathur, P, Maude, K, McArthur, D, McCain, S, McCluney, S, McFall, M, McIlroy, B, McKay, S, McKinley, N, McNair, A, McWhirter, D, Mekhail, P, Mellor, K, Merchant, J, Merker, L, Messenger, D, Miles, A, Mir, S, Mishra, A, Mistry, P, Miu, V, Moat, M, Mockford, K, Mohamed, E, Mohamed, I, Mondragon‐Pritchard, M, Moore, N, Moretti, L, Morris, H, Morrison, T, Morrison‐Jones, V, Moss, J, Moug, S, Mountford, D, Moynihan, R, Muhammad, K, Muldoon‐Smith, D, Mulholland, J, Mullan, M, Murgitroyd, E, Murugaiyan, K, Myers, A, Mykoniatis, I, Nana, G, Nash, T, Nassar, A, Newton, R, Ng, C, Ng, P, Nguyen, K, Nicholas, F, Noor, M, Nowers, J, Nugent, C, Nunn, A, Nunn, R, Obeid, N, O'Callaghan, J, O'Hara, R, Oke, O, Olivier, J, O'Neill, A, O'Neill, S, Osei‐Bordom, D, Osgood, L, Panagiotopoulos, S, Panchasara, B, Parks, R, Patel, H, Patel, P, Patel, R, Patel, S, Pawelec, K, Payne, C, Pearson, K, Perin, G, Peristerakis, I, Petronio, B, Phelan, L, Phillips, J, Pisaneschi, C, Pitt, J, Plunkett‐Reed, K, Ponchietti, L, Pouzi, A, Pouzi, M, Powell, A, Powell‐Chandler, A, Pranesh, N, Proctor, V, Pywell, S, Qureshi, A, Qureshi, N, Rahman, M, Rai, Z, Ramcharan, S, Rangarajan, K, Rashid, M, Reader, H, Rehman, A, Rehman, S, Rengifo, C, Richards, E, Richardson, N, Robinson, A, Robinson, D, Rossi, B, Rutherford, F, Sadien, I, Saghir, T, Sahnan, K, Salahia, G, Sarveswaran, J, Saunders, M, Scott, B, Scott, K, Seager, A, Seal, S, Sezen, E, Shaban, F, Shah, P, Shahmohammadi, M, Shamsiddinova, A, Shankar, S, Sharpe, A, Shatkar, V, Sheel, A, Shields, T, Shinkwin, M, Shurmer, J, Siddika, A, Siddiqui, S, Simson, R, Sinclair, P, Singh, B, Singh, S, Sivaraj, J, Skaife, P, Skelly, B, Skinner, A, Slim, N, Smart, C, Smart, N, Smith, F, Smith, I, Smith, R, Spence, G, Sreedhar, A, Steinke, J, Stevenson, L, Stewart‐Parker, E, Stott, M, Stubbs, B, Stylianides, N, Subramonia, S, Swinkin, M, Swinscoe, M, Symons, N, Tahir, W, Taj, T, Takacs, K, Tam, J, Tan, K, Tani, S, Tanner, N, Tao, D, Taylor, M, Thava, B, Thippeswamy, K, Thomas, C, Thompson, E, Thompson, R, Thompson‐Reil, C, Thorn, C, Tongo, F, Toth, G, Turnbull, A, Turnbull, J, Valero, C, Boxel, G, Varcada, M, Venn, M, Ventham, N, Venza, M, Vimalachandran, D, Virlos, I, Wade, T, Wafi, A, Waite, K, Walker, M, Walker, N, Walker, T, Walsh, U, Wardle, S, Warner, R, Watfah, J, Watson, N, Watt, J, Watts, J, Wayman, J, Weegenaar, C, West, H, West, M, Whitehurst, L, Whyler, M, Wiggans, M, Wijeyekoon, S, Williams, G, Williams, R, Williamson, A, Williamson, J, Wilson, J, Winter, A, Wolpert, L, Wong, J, Yeap, E, Yeong, T, Zaman, S, Zappa, B, and Zosimas, D

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, National Audit of Small Bowel Obstruction Steering Group and National Audit of Small Bowel Obstruction Collaborators, Incisional hernia, lcsh:Surgery, 030230 surgery, Abdominal wall, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Postoperative Complications, NASBO Collaborators, medicine, Humans, Hernia, Hospital Mortality, General, Emergency Treatment, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Aged, 80 and over, Groin, business.industry, Mortality rate, Hazard ratio, West Midlands Research Collaborative, General Medicine, Odds ratio, Original Articles, lcsh:RD1-811, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Quality Improvement, United Kingdom, Surgery, Hernia, Abdominal, Bowel obstruction, medicine.anatomical_structure, Logistic Models, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Original Article, Female, business, NASBO Steering Group, Intestinal Obstruction
Abstract

Background Abdominal wall hernia is a common surgical condition. Patients may present in an emergency with bowel obstruction, incarceration or strangulation. Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a serious surgical condition associated with significant morbidity. The aim of this study was to describe current management and outcomes of patients with obstructed hernia in the UK as identified in the National Audit of Small Bowel Obstruction (NASBO). Methods NASBO collated data on adults treated for SBO at 131 UK hospitals between January and March 2017. Those with obstruction due to abdominal wall hernia were included in this study. Demographics, co‐morbidity, imaging, operative treatment, and in‐hospital outcomes were recorded. Modelling for factors associated with mortality and complications was undertaken using Cox proportional hazards and multivariable regression modelling. Results NASBO included 2341 patients, of whom 415 (17·7 per cent) had SBO due to hernia. Surgery was performed in 312 (75·2 per cent) of the 415 patients; small bowel resection was required in 198 (63·5 per cent) of these operations. Non‐operative management was reported in 35 (54 per cent) of 65 patients with a parastomal hernia and in 34 (32·1 per cent) of 106 patients with an incisional hernia. The in‐hospital mortality rate was 9·4 per cent (39 of 415), and was highest in patients with a groin hernia (11·1 per cent, 17 of 153). Complications were common, including lower respiratory tract infection in 16·3 per cent of patients with a groin hernia. Increased age was associated with an increased risk of death (hazard ratio 1·05, 95 per cent c.i. 1·01 to 1·10; P = 0·009) and complications (odds ratio 1·05, 95 per cent c.i. 1·02 to 1·09; P = 0·001). Conclusion NASBO has highlighted poor outcomes for patients with SBO due to hernia, highlighting the need for quality improvement initiatives in this group., This study shows that small bowel obstruction due to abdominal wall hernia is common, typically involves a co‐morbid group of patients and has poor outcomes, including high mortality rates. High mortality from this problem

Published
2020

44. Count transformation models

Author

O'Hara, Robert B, O'Hara, R B ( Robert B ), Siegfried, Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7312-1001, Hothorn, Torsten; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8301-0471, O'Hara, Robert B, O'Hara, R B ( Robert B ), Siegfried, Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7312-1001, and Hothorn, Torsten; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8301-0471

Abstract

The effect of explanatory environmental variables on a species' distribution is often assessed using a count regression model. Poisson generalized linear models or negative binomial models are common, but the traditional approach of modelling the mean after log or square root transformation remains popular and in some cases is even advocated.2. We propose a novel framework of linear models for count data. Similar to the traditional approach, the new models apply a transformation to count responses; however, this transformation is estimated from the data and not defined a priori. In contrast to simple least-squares fitting and in line with Poisson or negative binomial models, the exact discrete likelihood is optimized for parameter estimation and inference. Simple interpretation of effects in the linear predictors is possible.3. Count transformation models provide a new approach to regressing count data in a distribution-free yet fully parametric fashion, obviating the need to a priori commit to a specific parametric family of distributions or to a specific transformation. The models are a generalization of discrete Weibull models for counts and are thus able to handle over- and underdispersion. We demonstrate empirically that the models are more flexible than Poisson or negative binomial models but still maintain interpretability of multiplicative effects. A re-analysis of deer–vehicle collisions and the results of artificial simulation experiments provide evidence of the practical applicability of the model framework.4. In ecology studies, uncertainties regarding whether and how to transform count data can be resolved in the framework of count transformation models, which were designed to simultaneously estimate an appropriate transformation and the linear effects of environmental variables by maximizing the exact count log-likelihood. The application of data-driven transformations allows over- and under-dispersion to be addressed in a model-based approach. Models

Published
2020

45. Understanding variation in ambulance service non-conveyance rates: a mixed methods study

Author

O’Cathain, A., Knowles, E., Bishop-Edwards, L., Coster, J., Crum, A., Jacques, R., James, C., Lawson, R., Marsh, M., O’Hara, R., Siriwardena, A.N., Stone, T., Turner, J., and Williams, J.

Subjects
A300 Clinical Medicine, business.industry, Project commissioning, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Reproduction (economics), Multimethodology, Acknowledgement, MEDLINE, Library science, lcsh:RA1-1270, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Science park, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Work (electrical), Political science, B780 Paramedical Nursing, Emergency medical services, 030212 general & internal medicine, B990 Subjects Allied to Medicine not elsewhere classified, business
Abstract

Background In England in 2015/16, ambulance services responded to nearly 11 million calls. Ambulance Quality Indicators show that half of the patients receiving a response by telephone or face to face were not conveyed to an emergency department. A total of 11% of patients received telephone advice only. A total of 38% of patients were sent an ambulance but were not conveyed to an emergency department. For the 10 large ambulance services in England, rates of calls ending in telephone advice varied between 5% and 17%. Rates of patients who were sent an ambulance but not conveyed to an emergency department varied between 23% and 51%. Overall non-conveyance rates varied between 40% and 68%. Objective To explain variation in non-conveyance rates between ambulance services. Design A sequential mixed methods study with five work packages. Setting Ten of the 11 ambulance services serving > 99% of the population of England. Methods (1) A qualitative interview study of managers and paramedics from each ambulance service, as well as ambulance commissioners (totalling 49 interviews undertaken in 2015). (2) An analysis of 1 month of routine data from each ambulance service (November 2014). (3) A qualitative study in three ambulance services with different published rates of calls ending in telephone advice (120 hours of observation and 20 interviews undertaken in 2016). (4) An analysis of routine data from one ambulance service linked to emergency department attendance, hospital admission and mortality data (6 months of 2013). (5) A substudy of non-conveyance for people calling 999 with breathing problems. Results Interviewees in the qualitative study identified factors that they perceived to affect non-conveyance rates. Where possible, these perceptions were tested using routine data. Some variation in non-conveyance rates between ambulance services was likely to be due to differences in the way rates were calculated by individual services, particularly in relation to telephone advice. Rates for the number of patients sent an ambulance but not conveyed to an emergency department were associated with patient-level factors: age, sex, deprivation, time of call, reason for call, urgency level and skill level of attending crew. However, variation between ambulance services remained after adjustment for patient-level factors. Variation was explained by ambulance service-level factors after adjustment for patient-level factors: the percentage of calls attended by advanced paramedics [odds ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04 to 1.07], the perception of ambulance service staff and commissioners that advanced paramedics were established and valued within the workforce of an ambulance service (odds ratio 1.84, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.33), and the perception of ambulance service staff and commissioners that senior management was risk averse regarding non-conveyance within an ambulance service (odds ratio 0.78, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.98). Limitations Routine data from ambulance services are complex and not consistently collected or analysed by ambulance services, thus limiting the utility of comparative analyses. Conclusions Variation in non-conveyance rates between ambulance services in England could be reduced by addressing variation in the types of paramedics attending calls, variation in how advanced paramedics are used and variation in perceptions of the risk associated with non-conveyance within ambulance service management. Linking routine ambulance data with emergency department attendance, hospital admission and mortality data for all ambulance services in the UK would allow comparison of the safety and appropriateness of their different non-conveyance rates. Funding The National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.

Published
2018

46. Spatial test for agricultural pesticide 'Blow-In' effect on prevalence of Parkinson's disease

Author

Yesavage, J.A., Sheikh, J., Noda, A., Murphy, G., O'Hara, R., Hierholzer, R., Battista, M., Ashford, J.W., Schneider, B., Hoblyn, J., Kraemer, H.C., and Tinklenberg, J.

Subjects
Amphibians -- Health aspects -- Case studies, Pesticides -- Case studies -- Health aspects, Parkinson's disease -- Case studies -- Health aspects, Psychology and mental health, Seniors, Case studies, Health aspects
Abstract

ABSTRACT The current study used Department of Veteran's Affairs (VA) clinical records, State of California pesticide application records, spatial maps of distribution of Parkinson's disease patients, and pesticide applications to [...]

Published
2006

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