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Key to the Nearctic Species of Anticheta 1. Scutellum with 2 setae. 1 pair of dorsocentral setae. Head and palpi black; 1 pair of fronto-orbital setae; antennae yellowish, aristal hairs short, dense, black. Thorax testaceous; dorsum with 2 broad, blackish vittae joined at anterior margin. Forecoxae whitish; legs yellowish, except for black foretibiae and foretarsi.Abdomen blackish brown. Canada: Ontario. USA: Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York (Cresson 1920, Steyskal 1960b). Host species: Unknown................. johnsoni Cresson, 1920 - Scutellum with 4 setae. 2 pairs of dorsocentral setae.......................................................... 2 2. 1 pair of fronto-orbital setae. Head: frons and palpi black; anterior and ventral margins of eyes with pruinose whitish border; antennae yellowish, aristal hairs short, dense, black. Thorax black; forelegs black distad of middle of femur, basal half of forefemur and middle and hind legs yellowish except for brownish 4 th and 5 th tarsal segments.Abdomen black. Canada: Alberta, British Columbia *, Manitoba *, Nova Scotia *, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan *, Yukon *. USA: Alaska, California *, Idaho, Indiana *, Maine *, Michigan, Minnesota *, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire *, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota *, Utah, Wisconsin, Wyoming (Foote et al. 1999, Melander 1920, Steyskal 1960b). Host species: Aplexa hypnorum (Knutson & Abercrombie 1977)........................................... melanosoma Melander, 1920 - 2 pairs of frontal-orbital setae............................................................................ 3 3. Head: frons blackish, anterior margin slightly to extensively yellow; medifacies black to yellow; anterior fronto-orbital seta 1/2 to 2/3 length of posterior fronto-orbital seta; palpi brown to black; antennae yellow; aristal plumosity short, dense, black. Thorax black. Forelegs black distad of middle of femur; basal portion of forefemur and middle and hind legs yellowish except for brownish 4 th and 5 th tarsal segments. Abdomen black. Canada: Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan. USA: Idaho, Maine, Michigan, North Dakota, New York, Wisconsin. (Curran 1923, Steyskal 1960b). Host species: Aplexa sp. (Schorno et al. 2020)............................................................... canadensis Curran, 1923 - Head yellow to testaceous; aristal hairs black. Thorax and abdomen mostly testaceous; dorsum with 2 narrow brown median vittae bordered by broader, pruinose vittae; legs yellowish to testaceous, 4 th and 5 th tarsal segments brownish, forelegs infuscated (tibia and tarsus black in female A. borealis). Females usually more intensely pigmented than males.................... 4 4. Anterior fronto-orbital seta approximately 1/2 length of posterior fronto-orbital seta. Antenna testaceous, first flagellomere blackish on apical half, more or less; aristal plumosity short, sparse (longest hairs averaging 0.073 mm, range 0.070 –0.075 mm, n=2). Abdomen brown, infuscated; male postabdomen and female terminalia testaceous. Canada: Alberta. USA: Idaho, New York, Ohio. (Steyskal 1960b). Host species: Lymnaea spp. (Foote & Keiper 2004).................. fulva Steyskal, 1960b - Anterior and posterior fronto-orbital setae nearly equal in length................................................ 5 5. Thoracic dorsum mostly testaceous....................................................................... 6 - Thoracic dorsum mostly cinereous blue, with two narrow, brownish vittae........................................ 8 6. Forefemur broadly infuscated black; in lateral view left lobe of epandrium with hooklike projection. Arista with average length of hairs 0.15 mm. Mexico: Michoacán. Host species: Oxyloma tlalpamense cuitseana........... patzcuaroensis Pote sp. n. - Forefemur entirely testaceous; in lateral view left lobe of epandrium various, with or without projection but never hooklike. Aristal plumosity with average length of hairs less than 0.15 mm............................................... 7 7. Epandrium in sinistral view with left lobe extended straight and narrow with rounded tip, right lobe elongate, in lateral view curved somewhat curved, ventrally directed. Medial edge of epandrium above cerci rounded, cerci loosely associated. Sternite five of male elongated in center.Antenna testaceous, 3 rd segment blackish on apical half. Apical plumosity sparse, hairs somewhat longer than in A. fulva, (longest hairs averaging 0.095 mm in length, range 0.09–0.10 mm, n=3). In female, distal 2/3 to 3/4 of foretibia black, proximally dark brown, all tarsi dark brown; in male, distal 1/2 of foretibia light brown, proximal 1/2 of foretarsus testaceous, distal ½ of foretarsus along with other tarsi testaceous. Canada: Quebec, Nova Scotia. USA: California, Idaho, Illinois *, Indiana *, Minnesota * Montana, Ohio, New York, Utah *. (Foote 1961). Host species: Oxyloma, Catinella (Robinson & Foote 1978)................................................................ borealis Foote, 1961 - Epandrium in sinistral view with left lobe blunt and with short, wide, rounded extension, right lobe elongate, in lateral view somewhat curved, dorsally directed. Medial edge of epandrium above cerci pointed, cerci tightly associated. Sternite five of male wide, without elongate central projection. Antenna testaceous, first flagellomere barely tinged with brown on apical half, sometimes testaceous at proximal end. Aristal plumosity sparse, longer than in A. borealis (longest hairs averaging 0.116 mm, range 0.112 –0.127 mm, n=15). In female, distal 2/5 of foretibia dark brown, all tarsi dark brown; in male, distal foretibia barely infuscated, all tarsi light brown. USA: California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, New Mexico, South Dakota, Utah. Mexico: Baja California Norte. (Melander 1920, Steyskal 1960b). Host species: Oxyloma, Physa, Succinea, Radix, Stagnicola, Pseudosuccinea, Helisoma (Fisher & Orth 1964)......................................... testacea Melander, 1920 8. Epandrium in lateral view with right lobe extended, barely extending past the rest of the epandrium. Antennae testaceous; first flagellomere usually black on apical half, occasionally only lightly tinged with brown. Aristal plumosity long, sparse (Fisher & Orth 1971), longest hairs averaging 0.128 mm, range 0.120 –0.142 mm, n=16. In male, sides of thorax pruinose whitish except upper half of proepisternum, anepisternum, and anepimeron testaceous. In female, thorax same as in male except katepisternum sometimes cinereous-blue. California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington (see section on variant in Fisher & Orth 1971). Host species: Unknown..................................................................... vernalis Fisher & Orth 1971 - Epandrium in lateral view with right lobe strongly extended, extending almost the same distance away as from the base of the extension to the cerci.Apical 1/2 to 2/3 of first flagellomere lightly tinged with brown; aristal hairs short, sparse (Fisher & Orth 1971), longest hairs averaging 0.062 mm, range 0.055 –0.067 mm, n=7. In male, sides of thorax pruinose whitish, more deeply cinereous-blue than in robiginosa but not as intense as in the female of vernalis; upper half of proepisternum, anepisternum, and anepimeron testaceous. In female, sides of thorax pruinose cinereous-blue except upper half of proepisternum, anepisternum, and anepimeron testaceous. California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington (see section on variant in Fisher & Orth 1971). Host species: Unknown..................................................................... vernalis Fisher & Orth 1971, Published as part of Pote, Spencer L. & O'Grady, Patrick, 2023, A New Species of Anticheta (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) from Mexico, pp. 277-293 in Zootaxa 5293 (2) on pages 287-288, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7960132, {"references":["Cresson, E. T. (1920) A revision of the Nearctic Sciomyzidae (Diptera, Acalyptratae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 46 (1), 27 - 89.","Steyskal, G. C. (1960 b) The genus Antichaeta Haliday, with special reference to the American species (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, 45, 17 - 26.","Foote, B. A., Knutson, L. V. & Keiper, J. B. (1999) The snail-killing flies of Alaska (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). Insecta Mundi, 13 (1 - 2), 45 - 71.","Melander, A. L. (1920) Review of the Nearctic Tetanoceridae. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 13 (3), 305 - 332. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 13.3.305","Knutson, L. & Abercrombie, J. (1977) Biology of Antichaeta melanosoma (Diptera: Sciomyzidae), with notes on parasitoid Braconidae and Ichneumonidae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 79 (1), 111 - 125.","Curran, C. H. (1923) New cyclorrhaphous Diptera from Canada. The Canadian Entomologist, 55, 271 - 279. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 55271 - 12","Foote, B. A. & Keiper, J. B. (2004) The snail-killing flies of Ohio. Kirtlandia, 54, 43 - 88.","Foote, B. A. (1961) A new species of Antichaeta Haliday, with notes on other species of the genus (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 63 (3), 161 - 164.","Robinson, W. H & Foote, B. A. (1978) Biology and immature stages of Antichaeta borealis (Diptera: Sciomyzidae), a predator of snail eggs. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 80 (3), 388 - 396."]}

Pote, Spencer L., O'Grady, Patrick (2023): A New Species of Anticheta (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) from Mexico. Zootaxa 5293 (2): 277-293, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.4

Organismal courses are inherently integrative, incorporating concepts from genetics, physiology, ecology and other disciplines linked through a comparative and phylogenetic framework. In a comprehensive organismal course, the organisms themselves are a lens through which students view and learn major concepts in evolutionary biology. Here, we present the learning goals of five core concepts (phylogenetics, biogeography, biodiversity, evo-devo, and key traits) we are using to transform organismal courses. We argue that by focusing on organismal knowledge and authentic examples, students learn foundational concepts and investigate biological hypotheses through the content that is unique to individual organismal groups. By using active learning strategies to teach core concepts, instructors can promote an inclusive classroom designed to engage students from diverse backgrounds and facilitate mastery and retention to test understanding of core biological concepts. This paper provides justification for why organismal biology needs to be kept as part of the biology curriculum, outlines the framework we are using to transform organismal courses, and provides examples of different ways instructors can incorporate active learning strategies and in-class activities in organismal courses in ways that enable their application to further investigation of both foundational and translational sciences for students.

Drosophila disjuncta Hardy, 1965 Distribution: Endemic: Maui Additional References: Ahearn & Baimai (1987); Carson & Stalker (1968a); Craddock et al. (2018); Kambysellis (1993); Montgomery (1975); O���Grady et al. (2011); Rockwood et al. (1971); Spieth (1982, 1984) Notes: Nishida (2002) also reports this species from Molokai, Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841, {"references":["Hardy, D. E. (1965) Diptera: Cyclorrhapha II, Series Schizophora, Section Acalypteratae I. Family Drosophilidae. Insects of Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 814 pp.","Ahearn, J. N. & Baimai, V. (1987) Cytogenetic study of three closely related species of Hawaiian Drosophila. Genome, 29, 47 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / g 87 - 008","Carson, H. L. & Stalker, H. D. (1968 a) Polytene Chromosome Relationships in Hawaiian Species of Drosophila. I. The D. grimshawi subgroup. The University of Texas Publication, 6818, 335 - 354.","Craddock, E. M., Kambysellis, M. P., Franchi, L., Francisco, P., Grey, M., Hutchinson, A., Nanhoo, S. & Antar, S. (2018) Ultrastructural variation and adaptive evolution of the ovipositor in the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae. Journal of Morphology, 279, 1725 - 1752. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 20884","Kambysellis, M. P. (1993) Ultrastructural diversity in the egg chorion of Hawaiian Drosophila and Scaptomyza: ecological and phylogenetic considerations. International Journal of Insect Morphology & Embryology, 22, 417 - 446. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0020 - 7322 (93) 90022 - S","Montgomery, S. L. (1975) Comparative Breeding Site Ecology and the Adaptive Radiation of Picture-Winged Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 22, 65 - 103.","O'Grady, P. M., Lapoint, R. T., Bonacum, J., Lasola, J., Owen, E., Wu, Y. & DeSalle, R. (2011) Phylogenetic and ecological relationships of the Hawaiian Drosophila inferred by mitochondrial DNA analysis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 58 (2), 344 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2010.11.022","Rockwood, E. S., Kanapi, C. G., Wheeler, M. R. & Stone, W. S. (1971) Allozyme changes during the evolution of Hawaiian Drosophila. The University of Texas Publication, 7103, 193 - 212.","Spieth, H. T. (1982) Behavioral Biology and Evolution of the Hawaiian Picture-Winged Species Group of Drosophila. Evolutionary Biology, 14, 351 - 438.","Spieth, H. T. (1984) Courtship behaviors of the Hawaiian picture-winged Drosophila. University of California Publications. Entomology, 103, 1 - 92.","Nishida, G. M. (2002) Hawaiian terrestrial arthropod checklist. 4 th Edition. Hawaii Biological Survey, Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, 313 pp."]}

Drosophila infuscata Grimshaw, 1901 Distribution: Endemic: Hawaii Additional References: Hardy (1965); Heed (1968); Leblanc et al. (2013); Magnacca et al. (2008); O���Grady et al. (2003b, 2011); Throckmorton (1966), Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841, {"references":["Grimshaw, P. H. (1901) Part I. Diptera. In: Sharpe, D. (Ed.), Fauna Hawaiiensis. Vol. 3 (1). University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1 - 77.","Hardy, D. E. (1965) Diptera: Cyclorrhapha II, Series Schizophora, Section Acalypteratae I. Family Drosophilidae. Insects of Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 814 pp.","Heed, W. B. (1968) Ecology of the Hawaiian Drosophila. The University of Texas Publications, 6818, 387 - 419.","Leblanc, L., Rubinoff, D. & Wright, M. G. (2013) Conservation Implications of Changes in Endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae Diversity across Land Use Gradients. PLoS ONE, 8, 1 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0062464","O'Grady, P. M., Kam, M. W. Y., Val, F. C. & Perreira, W. D. (2003 b) Revision of the Drosophila mimica Subgroup, with Descriptions of Ten New Species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 96, 12 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2003) 096 [0012: ROTDMS] 2.0. CO; 2","Throckmorton, L. H. (1966) The relationships of the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae. University of Texas Publications, 6615, 335 - 396."]}

Drosophila residua Hardy, 1965 Distribution: Endemic: Hawaii Additional References: Magnacca et al. (2008); Throckmorton (1966), Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841, {"references":["Hardy, D. E. (1965) Diptera: Cyclorrhapha II, Series Schizophora, Section Acalypteratae I. Family Drosophilidae. Insects of Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 814 pp.","Throckmorton, L. H. (1966) The relationships of the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae. University of Texas Publications, 6615, 335 - 396."]}

Drosophila ancyla Hardy, 1965 Distribution: Endemic: Maui Additional References: Hardy & Kaneshiro (1979); Heed (1968); O���Grady et al. (2011); Throckmorton (1966), Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841, {"references":["Hardy, D. E. (1965) Diptera: Cyclorrhapha II, Series Schizophora, Section Acalypteratae I. Family Drosophilidae. Insects of Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 814 pp.","Hardy, D. E. & Kaneshiro, K. Y. (1979) A review of the modified tarsus species group of Hawaiian Drosophila (Drosophilidae; Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 23, 71 - 90.","Heed, W. B. (1968) Ecology of the Hawaiian Drosophila. The University of Texas Publications, 6818, 387 - 419.","O'Grady, P. M., Lapoint, R. T., Bonacum, J., Lasola, J., Owen, E., Wu, Y. & DeSalle, R. (2011) Phylogenetic and ecological relationships of the Hawaiian Drosophila inferred by mitochondrial DNA analysis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 58 (2), 344 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2010.11.022","Throckmorton, L. H. (1966) The relationships of the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae. University of Texas Publications, 6615, 335 - 396."]}

Scaptomyza basiloba Hardy, 1965 Distribution: Endemic: Hawaii, possibly Maui, Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841, {"references":["Hardy, D. E. (1965) Diptera: Cyclorrhapha II, Series Schizophora, Section Acalypteratae I. Family Drosophilidae. Insects of Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 814 pp."]}

Drosophila murphyi Hardy and Kaneshiro, 1969 Distribution: Endemic: Hawaii Additional References: Carson & Kaneshiro (1976); Kambysellis (1993); Leblanc et al. (2013); Magnacca et al. (2008); Montgomery (1975); Spieth (1982, 1984), Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841, {"references":["Hardy, D. E. & Kaneshiro, K. Y. (1969) Descriptions of New Hawaiian Drosophila. The University of Texas Publication, 6918, 39 - 54.","Carson, H. L. & Kaneshiro, K. Y. (1976) Drosophila of Hawaii: systematics and ecological genetics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 7, 311 - 345. https: // doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. es. 07.110176.001523","Kambysellis, M. P. (1993) Ultrastructural diversity in the egg chorion of Hawaiian Drosophila and Scaptomyza: ecological and phylogenetic considerations. International Journal of Insect Morphology & Embryology, 22, 417 - 446. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0020 - 7322 (93) 90022 - S","Leblanc, L., Rubinoff, D. & Wright, M. G. (2013) Conservation Implications of Changes in Endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae Diversity across Land Use Gradients. PLoS ONE, 8, 1 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0062464","Montgomery, S. L. (1975) Comparative Breeding Site Ecology and the Adaptive Radiation of Picture-Winged Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 22, 65 - 103.","Spieth, H. T. (1982) Behavioral Biology and Evolution of the Hawaiian Picture-Winged Species Group of Drosophila. Evolutionary Biology, 14, 351 - 438.","Spieth, H. T. (1984) Courtship behaviors of the Hawaiian picture-winged Drosophila. University of California Publications. Entomology, 103, 1 - 92."]}

Drosophila ornata Hardy and Kaneshiro, 1969 Distribution: Endemic: Kauai Additional References: Carson & Kaneshiro (1976); Craddock et al. (2018); Kambysellis (1993); Montgomery (1975); Rockwood et al. (1971); Spieth (1982, 1984), Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841, {"references":["Hardy, D. E. & Kaneshiro, K. Y. (1969) Descriptions of New Hawaiian Drosophila. The University of Texas Publication, 6918, 39 - 54.","Carson, H. L. & Kaneshiro, K. Y. (1976) Drosophila of Hawaii: systematics and ecological genetics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 7, 311 - 345. https: // doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. es. 07.110176.001523","Craddock, E. M., Kambysellis, M. P., Franchi, L., Francisco, P., Grey, M., Hutchinson, A., Nanhoo, S. & Antar, S. (2018) Ultrastructural variation and adaptive evolution of the ovipositor in the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae. Journal of Morphology, 279, 1725 - 1752. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 20884","Kambysellis, M. P. (1993) Ultrastructural diversity in the egg chorion of Hawaiian Drosophila and Scaptomyza: ecological and phylogenetic considerations. International Journal of Insect Morphology & Embryology, 22, 417 - 446. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0020 - 7322 (93) 90022 - S","Montgomery, S. L. (1975) Comparative Breeding Site Ecology and the Adaptive Radiation of Picture-Winged Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 22, 65 - 103.","Rockwood, E. S., Kanapi, C. G., Wheeler, M. R. & Stone, W. S. (1971) Allozyme changes during the evolution of Hawaiian Drosophila. The University of Texas Publication, 7103, 193 - 212.","Spieth, H. T. (1982) Behavioral Biology and Evolution of the Hawaiian Picture-Winged Species Group of Drosophila. Evolutionary Biology, 14, 351 - 438.","Spieth, H. T. (1984) Courtship behaviors of the Hawaiian picture-winged Drosophila. University of California Publications. Entomology, 103, 1 - 92."]}

Drosophila cracens Hardy, 1965 Distribution: Endemic: Hawaii, Maui Additional References: Bonacum (2001); Hardy & Kaneshiro (1979); Heed (1968); O���Grady et al. (2011); Rockwood et al. (1971), Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841, {"references":["Hardy, D. E. (1965) Diptera: Cyclorrhapha II, Series Schizophora, Section Acalypteratae I. Family Drosophilidae. Insects of Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 814 pp.","Bonacum, J. (2001) Molecular Systematics of the Hawaiian Drosophilidae. PhD Thesis, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 168 pp.","Hardy, D. E. & Kaneshiro, K. Y. (1979) A review of the modified tarsus species group of Hawaiian Drosophila (Drosophilidae; Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 23, 71 - 90.","Heed, W. B. (1968) Ecology of the Hawaiian Drosophila. The University of Texas Publications, 6818, 387 - 419.","O'Grady, P. M., Lapoint, R. T., Bonacum, J., Lasola, J., Owen, E., Wu, Y. & DeSalle, R. (2011) Phylogenetic and ecological relationships of the Hawaiian Drosophila inferred by mitochondrial DNA analysis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 58 (2), 344 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2010.11.022","Rockwood, E. S., Kanapi, C. G., Wheeler, M. R. & Stone, W. S. (1971) Allozyme changes during the evolution of Hawaiian Drosophila. The University of Texas Publication, 7103, 193 - 212."]}

Drosophila kualii Magnacca and O���Grady, 2009 Distribution: Endemic: Maui, Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841, {"references":["Magnacca, K. N. & O'Grady, P. M. (2009) Revision of the Modified Mouthparts Species Group of Hawaiian Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae): The Ceratostoma, Freycinetiae, Semifuscata, and Setiger Subgroups, and Unplaced Species. UC Publication in Entomology, 130, 1 - 94."]}

Drosophila toxochaeta Perreira and Kaneshiro, 1990 Distribution: Endemic: Molokai, Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841, {"references":["Perreira, W. D. & Kaneshiro, K. Y. (1990) Three New Species of Picture-Winged Drosophila from the Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 30, 79 - 84."]}

Drosophila sodomae Hardy and Kaneshiro, 1968 Distribution: Endemic: Maui, Molokai Additional References: Bonacum (2001); Carson & Kaneshiro (1976); Montgomery (1975); O���Grady et al. (2011); Spieth (1982), Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841, {"references":["Hardy, D. E. & Kaneshiro, K. Y. (1968) New Picture-Winged Drosophila from Hawaii. The University of Texas Publication, 6818, 171 - 262.","Bonacum, J. (2001) Molecular Systematics of the Hawaiian Drosophilidae. PhD Thesis, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 168 pp.","Carson, H. L. & Kaneshiro, K. Y. (1976) Drosophila of Hawaii: systematics and ecological genetics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 7, 311 - 345. https: // doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. es. 07.110176.001523","Montgomery, S. L. (1975) Comparative Breeding Site Ecology and the Adaptive Radiation of Picture-Winged Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 22, 65 - 103.","O'Grady, P. M., Lapoint, R. T., Bonacum, J., Lasola, J., Owen, E., Wu, Y. & DeSalle, R. (2011) Phylogenetic and ecological relationships of the Hawaiian Drosophila inferred by mitochondrial DNA analysis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 58 (2), 344 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2010.11.022","Spieth, H. T. (1982) Behavioral Biology and Evolution of the Hawaiian Picture-Winged Species Group of Drosophila. Evolutionary Biology, 14, 351 - 438."]}

Drosophila pectinitarsus Hardy, 1965 Distribution: Endemic: Hawaii Additional References: Hardy et al. (1981); Hardy & Kaneshiro (1979); Heed (1968); O���Grady et al. (2011); Throckmorton (1966), Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841, {"references":["Hardy, D. E. (1965) Diptera: Cyclorrhapha II, Series Schizophora, Section Acalypteratae I. Family Drosophilidae. Insects of Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 814 pp.","Hardy, D. E., Delfinado, M. D. & Fujii, D. (1981) Litter-inhabiting Diptera. In: Mueller-Dombois, D., Bridges, K. W. & Carson, H. L. (Eds.), Island ecosystems: biological organization in selected Hawaiian communities. Hutchinson Ross, Stroudsburg, pp. 147 - 156.","Hardy, D. E. & Kaneshiro, K. Y. (1979) A review of the modified tarsus species group of Hawaiian Drosophila (Drosophilidae; Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 23, 71 - 90.","Heed, W. B. (1968) Ecology of the Hawaiian Drosophila. The University of Texas Publications, 6818, 387 - 419.","O'Grady, P. M., Lapoint, R. T., Bonacum, J., Lasola, J., Owen, E., Wu, Y. & DeSalle, R. (2011) Phylogenetic and ecological relationships of the Hawaiian Drosophila inferred by mitochondrial DNA analysis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 58 (2), 344 - 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2010.11.022","Throckmorton, L. H. (1966) The relationships of the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae. University of Texas Publications, 6615, 335 - 396."]}

Drosophila assita Hardy and Kaneshiro, 1969 Distribution: Endemic: Hawaii Additional References: Carson & Kaneshiro (1976); Craddock et al. (2018); Montgomery (1975); Spieth (1982, 1984) Notes: Nishida (2002) also reports this species from Maui, Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841, {"references":["Hardy, D. E. & Kaneshiro, K. Y. (1969) Descriptions of New Hawaiian Drosophila. The University of Texas Publication, 6918, 39 - 54.","Carson, H. L. & Kaneshiro, K. Y. (1976) Drosophila of Hawaii: systematics and ecological genetics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 7, 311 - 345. https: // doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. es. 07.110176.001523","Craddock, E. M., Kambysellis, M. P., Franchi, L., Francisco, P., Grey, M., Hutchinson, A., Nanhoo, S. & Antar, S. (2018) Ultrastructural variation and adaptive evolution of the ovipositor in the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae. Journal of Morphology, 279, 1725 - 1752. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 20884","Montgomery, S. L. (1975) Comparative Breeding Site Ecology and the Adaptive Radiation of Picture-Winged Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 22, 65 - 103.","Spieth, H. T. (1982) Behavioral Biology and Evolution of the Hawaiian Picture-Winged Species Group of Drosophila. Evolutionary Biology, 14, 351 - 438.","Spieth, H. T. (1984) Courtship behaviors of the Hawaiian picture-winged Drosophila. University of California Publications. Entomology, 103, 1 - 92.","Nishida, G. M. (2002) Hawaiian terrestrial arthropod checklist. 4 th Edition. Hawaii Biological Survey, Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, 313 pp."]}

Drosophila hirtipalpus Hardy and Kaneshiro, 1968 Distribution: Endemic: Maui Additional References: Carson & Kaneshiro (1976); Carson & Stalker (1968a); Craddock et al. (2018); Spieth (1982) Notes: Nishida (2002) also reports this species from Oahu, Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841, {"references":["Hardy, D. E. & Kaneshiro, K. Y. (1968) New Picture-Winged Drosophila from Hawaii. The University of Texas Publication, 6818, 171 - 262.","Carson, H. L. & Kaneshiro, K. Y. (1976) Drosophila of Hawaii: systematics and ecological genetics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 7, 311 - 345. https: // doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. es. 07.110176.001523","Carson, H. L. & Stalker, H. D. (1968 a) Polytene Chromosome Relationships in Hawaiian Species of Drosophila. I. The D. grimshawi subgroup. The University of Texas Publication, 6818, 335 - 354.","Craddock, E. M., Kambysellis, M. P., Franchi, L., Francisco, P., Grey, M., Hutchinson, A., Nanhoo, S. & Antar, S. (2018) Ultrastructural variation and adaptive evolution of the ovipositor in the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae. Journal of Morphology, 279, 1725 - 1752. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 20884","Spieth, H. T. (1982) Behavioral Biology and Evolution of the Hawaiian Picture-Winged Species Group of Drosophila. Evolutionary Biology, 14, 351 - 438.","Nishida, G. M. (2002) Hawaiian terrestrial arthropod checklist. 4 th Edition. Hawaii Biological Survey, Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, 313 pp."]}

Scaptomyza parasplendens Okada, 1966 Distribution: Extralimital: India, Nepal Additional References: Fartyal & Singh (2001) Notes: Toda (2018) also reports this species from China. B��chli (2021) reports this species from China as well, referencing it to Zhang et al. (1996). Unfortunately, we were unable to access this publication., Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 66, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841, {"references":["Okada, T. (1966) Diptera from Nepal: Cryptochaetidae, Diastatidae and Drosophilidae. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), 6, 1 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 78200","Fartyal, R. S. & Singh, B. K. (2001) List of Drosophilid Species so far described and recorded from Kumaon region, India. Drosophila Information Service, 83, 71 - 73.","Toda, M. J. (2018) DrosWLD-Species: taxonomic information database for world species of Drosophilidae. Available from: https: // bioinfo. museum. hokudai. ac. jp / db / modules / st (accessed 5 December 2021)","Bachli, G. (2021) TaxoDros: the database on taxonomy of Drosophilidae. Available from: https: // www. taxodros. uzh. ch (accessed 5 December 2021)","Zhang, W., Chen, H., Peng, T. & Lin, F. (1996) Drosophilidae. In: Xue, W. & Chao, C. (Eds.), Flies of China. Liaoning Science and Technology Press, Shenyang, pp. 280 - 414."]}

Drosophila quinqueromosa Hardy and Kaneshiro, 2001, in Hardy et al. 2001 Distribution: Endemic: Maui Additional References: Leblanc et al. (2013), Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841, {"references":["Hardy, D. E., Kaneshiro, K. Y., Val, F. C. & O'Grady, P. M. (2001) Review of the haleakalae species group of Hawaiian Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Bishop Museum Bulletin in Entomology, 9, 1 - 88.","Leblanc, L., Rubinoff, D. & Wright, M. G. (2013) Conservation Implications of Changes in Endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae Diversity across Land Use Gradients. PLoS ONE, 8, 1 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0062464"]}

Drosophila bipolita Hardy, 1965 Distribution: Endemic: Hawaii, Maui, Oahu Additional References: Hardy et al. (2001); Heed (1968); Leblanc et al. (2013); O���Grady & Zilversmit (2004); Throckmorton (1966), Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841, {"references":["Hardy, D. E. (1965) Diptera: Cyclorrhapha II, Series Schizophora, Section Acalypteratae I. Family Drosophilidae. Insects of Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 814 pp.","Hardy, D. E., Kaneshiro, K. Y., Val, F. C. & O'Grady, P. M. (2001) Review of the haleakalae species group of Hawaiian Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Bishop Museum Bulletin in Entomology, 9, 1 - 88.","Heed, W. B. (1968) Ecology of the Hawaiian Drosophila. The University of Texas Publications, 6818, 387 - 419.","Leblanc, L., Rubinoff, D. & Wright, M. G. (2013) Conservation Implications of Changes in Endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae Diversity across Land Use Gradients. PLoS ONE, 8, 1 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0062464","O'Grady, P. M. & Zilversmit, M. (2004) Phylogenetic relationships within the Drosophila halekalae group inferred by molecular and morphological characters (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Bishop Museum Bulletin in Entomology, 12, 117 - 134.","Throckmorton, L. H. (1966) The relationships of the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae. University of Texas Publications, 6615, 335 - 396."]}

Scaptomyza palmae Hardy, 1965 Distribution: Endemic: Hawaii, Oahu, Kauai, possibly Maui Additional References: Leblanc et al. (2013); Magnacca et al. (2008); O���Grady & DeSalle (2008); Takada (1966); Throckmorton (1966), Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841, {"references":["Hardy, D. E. (1965) Diptera: Cyclorrhapha II, Series Schizophora, Section Acalypteratae I. Family Drosophilidae. Insects of Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 814 pp.","Leblanc, L., Rubinoff, D. & Wright, M. G. (2013) Conservation Implications of Changes in Endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae Diversity across Land Use Gradients. PLoS ONE, 8, 1 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0062464","O'Grady, P. M. & DeSalle, R. (2008) Out of Hawaii: the origin and biogeography of the genus Scaptomyza (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Biology Letters, 4, 195 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rsbl. 2007.0575","Takada, H. (1966) Male Genitalia of some Hawaiian Drosophilidae. University of Texas Publications, 6615, 315 - 333.","Throckmorton, L. H. (1966) The relationships of the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae. University of Texas Publications, 6615, 335 - 396."]}

Drosophila conspicua Grimshaw, 1901 Distribution: Endemic: Hawaii Additional References: Carson & Kaneshiro (1976); Carson & Stalker (1968a); Hardy (1965); Hardy & Kaneshiro (1968); Spieth (1982, 1984) Notes: Nishida (2002) also reports this species from Maui, Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841, {"references":["Grimshaw, P. H. (1901) Part I. Diptera. In: Sharpe, D. (Ed.), Fauna Hawaiiensis. Vol. 3 (1). University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1 - 77.","Carson, H. L. & Kaneshiro, K. Y. (1976) Drosophila of Hawaii: systematics and ecological genetics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 7, 311 - 345. https: // doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. es. 07.110176.001523","Carson, H. L. & Stalker, H. D. (1968 a) Polytene Chromosome Relationships in Hawaiian Species of Drosophila. I. The D. grimshawi subgroup. The University of Texas Publication, 6818, 335 - 354.","Hardy, D. E. (1965) Diptera: Cyclorrhapha II, Series Schizophora, Section Acalypteratae I. Family Drosophilidae. Insects of Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 814 pp.","Hardy, D. E. & Kaneshiro, K. Y. (1968) New Picture-Winged Drosophila from Hawaii. The University of Texas Publication, 6818, 171 - 262.","Spieth, H. T. (1982) Behavioral Biology and Evolution of the Hawaiian Picture-Winged Species Group of Drosophila. Evolutionary Biology, 14, 351 - 438.","Spieth, H. T. (1984) Courtship behaviors of the Hawaiian picture-winged Drosophila. University of California Publications. Entomology, 103, 1 - 92.","Nishida, G. M. (2002) Hawaiian terrestrial arthropod checklist. 4 th Edition. Hawaii Biological Survey, Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, 313 pp."]}

Drosophila discreta Hardy and Kaneshiro, 1968 Distribution: Endemic: Maui, Molokai Additional References: Carson & Kaneshiro (1976); Carson & Stalker (1968a); Rockwood et al. (1971); Spieth (1982, 1984), Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841, {"references":["Hardy, D. E. & Kaneshiro, K. Y. (1968) New Picture-Winged Drosophila from Hawaii. The University of Texas Publication, 6818, 171 - 262.","Carson, H. L. & Kaneshiro, K. Y. (1976) Drosophila of Hawaii: systematics and ecological genetics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 7, 311 - 345. https: // doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. es. 07.110176.001523","Carson, H. L. & Stalker, H. D. (1968 a) Polytene Chromosome Relationships in Hawaiian Species of Drosophila. I. The D. grimshawi subgroup. The University of Texas Publication, 6818, 335 - 354.","Rockwood, E. S., Kanapi, C. G., Wheeler, M. R. & Stone, W. S. (1971) Allozyme changes during the evolution of Hawaiian Drosophila. The University of Texas Publication, 7103, 193 - 212.","Spieth, H. T. (1982) Behavioral Biology and Evolution of the Hawaiian Picture-Winged Species Group of Drosophila. Evolutionary Biology, 14, 351 - 438.","Spieth, H. T. (1984) Courtship behaviors of the Hawaiian picture-winged Drosophila. University of California Publications. Entomology, 103, 1 - 92."]}

Drosophila musaphilia Hardy, 1965 Distribution: Endemic: Hawaii, Kauai Additional References: Carson & Kaneshiro (1976); Craddock et al. (2018); Hardy & Kaneshiro (1968); Montgomery (1975); Spieth (1982); Throckmorton (1966), Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841, {"references":["Hardy, D. E. (1965) Diptera: Cyclorrhapha II, Series Schizophora, Section Acalypteratae I. Family Drosophilidae. Insects of Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 814 pp.","Carson, H. L. & Kaneshiro, K. Y. (1976) Drosophila of Hawaii: systematics and ecological genetics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 7, 311 - 345. https: // doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. es. 07.110176.001523","Craddock, E. M., Kambysellis, M. P., Franchi, L., Francisco, P., Grey, M., Hutchinson, A., Nanhoo, S. & Antar, S. (2018) Ultrastructural variation and adaptive evolution of the ovipositor in the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae. Journal of Morphology, 279, 1725 - 1752. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 20884","Hardy, D. E. & Kaneshiro, K. Y. (1968) New Picture-Winged Drosophila from Hawaii. The University of Texas Publication, 6818, 171 - 262.","Montgomery, S. L. (1975) Comparative Breeding Site Ecology and the Adaptive Radiation of Picture-Winged Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 22, 65 - 103.","Spieth, H. T. (1982) Behavioral Biology and Evolution of the Hawaiian Picture-Winged Species Group of Drosophila. Evolutionary Biology, 14, 351 - 438.","Throckmorton, L. H. (1966) The relationships of the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae. University of Texas Publications, 6615, 335 - 396."]}

Drosophila ananassae Doleschall, 1858 Synonyms: Drosophila imparata Walker, 1859; Drosophila caribea Sturtevant, 1916; Drosophila similis Lamb, 1914; Drosophila errans Malloch, 1933 Distribution: Adventive: Hawaii, Maui, Molokai, Oahu, Kauai, possibly Lanai. Extralimital: Cosmopolitan Additional References: Hardy (1965); Momma (1968), Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841, {"references":["Doleschall, C. L. (1858) Derde bijdrage tot de kennis der Dipteren fauna van Nederlandsch Indie. Natuurkundig tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie (Natuurkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsch Indie), 17, 73 - 128.","Walker, F. (1859) Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected in the Aru Islands by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, 3, 111 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1859. tb 00076. x","Sturtevant, A. H. (1916) Notes on North American Drosophilidae with descriptions of twenty-three new species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 9, 323 - 343. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 9.4.323","Lamb, C. B. (1914) Reports of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition. No. XV. Diptera: Drosophilidae. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 16, 325 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1913. tb 00152. x","Malloch, J. R. (1933) Some acalyptrate Diptera from the Marquesas Islands. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 114, 3 - 31.","Hardy, D. E. (1965) Diptera: Cyclorrhapha II, Series Schizophora, Section Acalypteratae I. Family Drosophilidae. Insects of Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 814 pp.","Momma, E. (1968) Domestic Drosophila in Hawaii. Drosophila Information Service, 43, 168."]}

Drosophila varga Hardy, 1965 Distribution: Endemic: Maui, Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841, {"references":["Hardy, D. E. (1965) Diptera: Cyclorrhapha II, Series Schizophora, Section Acalypteratae I. Family Drosophilidae. Insects of Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 814 pp."]}

Drosophila pilimana Grimshaw, 1901 Distribution: Endemic: Oahu Additional References: Carson & Stalker (1968a); Hardy & Kaneshiro (1968); Montgomery (1975); Rockwood et al. (1971); Spieth (1982, 1984); Throckmorton (1966), Published as part of Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6336841, {"references":["Grimshaw, P. H. (1901) Part I. Diptera. In: Sharpe, D. (Ed.), Fauna Hawaiiensis. Vol. 3 (1). University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1 - 77.","Carson, H. L. & Stalker, H. D. (1968 a) Polytene Chromosome Relationships in Hawaiian Species of Drosophila. I. The D. grimshawi subgroup. The University of Texas Publication, 6818, 335 - 354.","Hardy, D. E. & Kaneshiro, K. Y. (1968) New Picture-Winged Drosophila from Hawaii. The University of Texas Publication, 6818, 171 - 262.","Montgomery, S. L. (1975) Comparative Breeding Site Ecology and the Adaptive Radiation of Picture-Winged Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 22, 65 - 103.","Rockwood, E. S., Kanapi, C. G., Wheeler, M. R. & Stone, W. S. (1971) Allozyme changes during the evolution of Hawaiian Drosophila. The University of Texas Publication, 7103, 193 - 212.","Spieth, H. T. (1982) Behavioral Biology and Evolution of the Hawaiian Picture-Winged Species Group of Drosophila. Evolutionary Biology, 14, 351 - 438.","Spieth, H. T. (1984) Courtship behaviors of the Hawaiian picture-winged Drosophila. University of California Publications. Entomology, 103, 1 - 92.","Throckmorton, L. H. (1966) The relationships of the endemic Hawaiian Drosophilidae. University of Texas Publications, 6615, 335 - 396."]}