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339 results on '"O'Gorman, Eoin"'

2. Regional impacts of warming on biodiversity and biomass in high latitude stream ecosystems across the Northern Hemisphere

Author

Jackson, Michelle C., Friberg, Nikolai, Moliner Cachazo, Luis, Clark, David R., Mutinova, Petra Thea, O’Gorman, Eoin J., Kordas, Rebecca L., Gallo, Bruno, Pichler, Doris E., Bespalaya, Yulia, Aksenova, Olga V., Milner, Alexander, Brooks, Stephen J., Dunn, Nicholas, Lee, K.W.K., Ólafsson, Jón S., Gíslason, Gísli M., Millan, Lucia, Bell, Thomas, Dumbrell, Alex J., and Woodward, Guy

Published
2024
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13. Fish habitat ecology in a changing climate.

Author

O'Gorman, Eoin J., Vieira, Rui P., and Sturrock, Anna M.

Subjects
*LIFE history theory, *HABITATS, *BIOLOGICAL extinction, *ECOSYSTEM health, *HABITAT conservation, *FISHERIES, *FISH populations, *OCEAN zoning
Abstract

This article explores the significance of understanding fish habitat ecology in a changing climate and its implications for fisheries stability and ecosystem health. It emphasizes the need for diverse approaches, such as field observations, laboratory experiments, genomics, telemetry, and modeling, to quantify fish habitat needs. The integration of data on fish movement, connectivity, and food webs is crucial for predicting future fish distributions and informing management and conservation efforts. The article also discusses the various stressors faced by fish populations, including warming, hypoxia, and habitat loss, which have led to shifts in fish distributions. Accurately predicting fish population responses to environmental change requires data from various disciplines. The text highlights the importance of building social connectivity and communication between academia, stakeholders, managers, and policymakers for effective fish and habitat management. It emphasizes the need for long-term food security and sustainable fishing practices, as well as the concept of "One Health" to ensure the health of humans, animals, plants, and the environment. The article concludes by expressing pride in hosting the 2023 FSBI Symposium and emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and engaging the public in fisheries science. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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14. Low‐intensity urbanisation alters community composition across multiple trophic levels on Lipsi Island, Greece.

Author

Hawkins, Eleanor R., Macrina, Laura, Malcolm‐McKay, Alice, Cotterill, Nicola, Miliou, Anastasia, and O'Gorman, Eoin J.

Subjects
ECOLOGICAL impact, BIRD surveys, SPECIES diversity, CITIES & towns, FOOD chains
Abstract

Urbanisation has reduced the abundance and diversity of many taxonomic groups, and the effects may be more pronounced on islands, which have a smaller regional species pool to compensate. Green spaces within urban environments may help to safeguard wildlife assemblages, and the associated habitat heterogeneity can even increase species diversity. Here, total abundance and species diversity of butterflies, birds, and vegetation at nine rural and nine urban locations were quantified on Lipsi Island, Greece. Sites were assessed using Pollard walks for butterflies, point‐count surveys for birds, and quadrats for vegetation. There was no significant difference in the abundance or species diversity of butterflies or vegetation among rural and urban locations, which could pertain to the low building density within urbanised areas and the minimal extent of urbanisation on the island. However, urban areas hosted a significantly greater abundance, richness, and diversity of birds compared to rural sites. The community composition of butterflies, birds, and vegetation also differed significantly between urban and rural locations, highlighting the impact of urbanisation on species across a broad range of trophic groups. This study contributes to ecological knowledge on the impacts of urbanisation across multiple trophic levels in island ecosystems, with comparisons across a gradient of island size and urbanisation intensity needed in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Temperature alters the size selectivity of Southern Ocean fish

Author

Eskuche-Keith, Patrick, Hill, Simeon L., López-López, Lucía, Rosenbaum, Benjamin, Saunders, Ryan A., Tarling, Geraint A., O'Gorman, Eoin J., Eskuche-Keith, Patrick, Hill, Simeon L., López-López, Lucía, Rosenbaum, Benjamin, Saunders, Ryan A., Tarling, Geraint A., and O'Gorman, Eoin J.

Abstract

A primary response of many marine ectotherms to warming is a reduction in body size, to lower the metabolic costs associated with higher temperatures. The impact of such changes on ecosystem dynamics and stability will depend on the resulting changes to community size-structure, but few studies have investigated how temperature affects the relative size of predators and their prey in natural systems. We utilise >3700 prey size measurements from ten Southern Ocean lanternfish species sampled across >10° of latitude to investigate how temperature influences predator-prey size relationships and size-selective feeding. As temperature increased, we show that predators became closer in size to their prey, which was primarily associated with a decline in predator size and an increase in the relative abundance of intermediate-sized prey. The potential implications of these changes include reduced top-down control of prey populations and a reduction in the diversity of predator-prey interactions. Both of these factors could reduce the stability of community dynamics and ecosystem resistance to perturbations under ocean warming.

Published
2024

17. Quantitative description of six fish species’ gut contents and abundances of their prey in the benthic food web of the Baltic Sea (1968-1978)

Author

Gauzens, Benoit, primary, Kalinkat, Gregor, additional, Antunes, Ana Carolina, additional, Boy, Thomas, additional, O’Gorman, Eoin J., additional, Jacob, Ute, additional, Jochum, Malte, additional, Kortsch, Susanne, additional, Rosenbaum, Benjamin, additional, Figueiredo, Ludmilla, additional, and Brose, Ulrich, additional

Published
2023
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21. Predator traits determine food-web architecture across ecosystems

Author

Brose, Ulrich, Archambault, Phillippe, Barnes, Andrew D., Bersier, Louis-Felix, Boy, Thomas, Canning-Clode, João, Conti, Erminia, Dias, Marta, Digel, Christoph, Dissanayake, Awantha, Flores, Augusto A. V., Fussmann, Katarina, Gauzens, Benoit, Gray, Clare, Häussler, Johanna, Hirt, Myriam R., Jacob, Ute, Jochum, Malte, Kéfi, Sonia, McLaughlin, Orla, MacPherson, Muriel M., Latz, Ellen, Layer-Dobra, Katrin, Legagneux, Pierre, Li, Yuanheng, Madeira, Carolina, Martinez, Neo D., Mendonça, Vanessa, Mulder, Christian, Navarrete, Sergio A., O’Gorman, Eoin J., Ott, David, Paula, José, Perkins, Daniel, Piechnik, Denise, Pokrovsky, Ivan, Raffaelli, David, Rall, Björn C., Rosenbaum, Benjamin, Ryser, Remo, Silva, Ana, Sohlström, Esra H., Sokolova, Natalia, Thompson, Murray S. A., Thompson, Ross M., Vermandele, Fanny, Vinagre, Catarina, Wang, Shaopeng, Wefer, Jori M., Williams, Richard J., Wieters, Evie, Woodward, Guy, and Iles, Alison C.

Published
2019
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22. Extreme rainfall events alter the trophic structure in bromeliad tanks across the Neotropics

Author

Romero, Gustavo Q., Marino, Nicholas A. C., MacDonald, A. Andrew M., Céréghino, Régis, Trzcinski, M. Kurtis, Mercado, Dimaris Acosta, Leroy, Céline, Corbara, Bruno, Farjalla, Vinicius F., Barberis, Ignacio M., Dézerald, Olivier, Hammill, Edd, Atwood, Trisha B., Piccoli, Gustavo C. O., Bautista, Fabiola Ospina, Carrias, Jean-François, Leal, Juliana S., Montero, Guillermo, Antiqueira, Pablo A. P., Freire, Rodrigo, Realpe, Emilio, Amundrud, Sarah L., de Omena, Paula M., Campos, Alice B. A., Kratina, Pavel, O’Gorman, Eoin J., and Srivastava, Diane S.

Published
2020
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25. Trophic structuring of modularity alters energy flow through marine food webs

Author

Eskuche-Keith, Patrick A., Hill, Simeon L., Hollyman, Philip, Taylor, Michelle L., O'Gorman, Eoin J., Eskuche-Keith, Patrick A., Hill, Simeon L., Hollyman, Philip, Taylor, Michelle L., and O'Gorman, Eoin J.

Abstract

Food web interactions govern how ecosystems respond to climate change and biodiversity loss. Modularity, where subgroups of species interact more often with each other than with species outside their subgroup, is a key structural feature which has been linked to food web stability. We sought to address the lack of understanding of how modularity varies among ecosystems by comparing the structure of four highly resolved marine food webs and the importance of functional traits for predicting module membership. Modules in two offshore networks were partitioned largely by trophic level, creating an interdependence among them, whereas modules in two semi-enclosed bays were generally separated into energy channels with less trophic separation and containing distinct basal resources, providing greater redundancy in the flow of energy through the network. Foraging habitat and mobility predicted module membership in all networks, whilst body mass and foraging strategy also differentiated modules in the offshore and bay ecosystems, respectively. Environmental heterogeneity may be a key factor driving the differences in modularity and the relative importance of functional traits for predicting module membership. Our results indicate that, in addition to overall network modularity, the trophic structure of modules within food webs should be considered when making inferences about ecosystem stability.

Published
2023

26. How many predator guts are required to predict trophic interactions?

Author

Gupta, Anubhav, David Figueroa, H, O'Gorman, Eoin, Jones, Iwan, Woodward, Guy, Petchey, Owen L, Gupta, Anubhav, David Figueroa, H, O'Gorman, Eoin, Jones, Iwan, Woodward, Guy, and Petchey, Owen L

Abstract

1) A large obstacle in food web ecology is the time and effort required to adequately describe the structure of a food web using individual predator guts. Food web models such as the allometric diet breadth model (ADBM) can be used to circumvent this problem by predicting the interactions based on easily measured characteristics, such as the size of organisms. However, diet data such as that which comes from analysis of predator guts is still required to parameterise these food web models, and collecting and analysing these data from the field is an expensive and time-consuming task. Therefore, it is important to know how many predator guts are required to parameterise food web models to obtain food web structures with high accuracy and precision. 2) Here, we explore seven exceptionally well-characterised food webs and determine the minimum number of predator guts needed to accurately predict their structure using the ADBM. We use Bayesian computation to parameterise the ADBM, and true skill statistics to measure the goodness of fit, and do so while varying the number of predator guts used in the parameterisation to test the effect of sampling effort. 3) We found that relatively few, and many fewer than were actually collected, predator guts can be used to parameterise the ADBM. The lowest number of predator guts was 27% of the number of available predator guts. The number of predator guts required to accurately characterise food webs increases by ~7 ±2.2 guts for 10 units increase in the number of trophic links and ~ 9 ±4.7 guts for a unit increase in the number of species. 4) These results suggest that one need not collect and analyse such a large quantity of predator guts in order to adequately predict the structure of a food web, thereby reducing sampling effort considerably, while having little effect on precision or accuracy of predictions.

Published
2023

42. Using Food Webs and Metabolic Theory to Monitor, Model, and Manage Atlantic Salmon—A Keystone Species Under Threat

Author

Woodward, Guy, primary, Morris, Olivia, additional, Barquín, José, additional, Belgrano, Andrea, additional, Bull, Colin, additional, de Eyto, Elvira, additional, Friberg, Nikolai, additional, Guðbergsson, Guðni, additional, Layer-Dobra, Katrin, additional, Lauridsen, Rasmus B., additional, Lewis, Hannah M., additional, McGinnity, Philip, additional, Pawar, Samraat, additional, Rosindell, James, additional, and O’Gorman, Eoin J., additional

Published
2021
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