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2. 1850-2014 volcanic impacts on global climate: Comparison of interactive and prescribed aerosol implementations in the UK Earth System Model

Author

Aubry, T., Schmidt, A., Walton, J., Mulcahy, J., O'Connor, F., Jones, C., Rumbold, S., Marshall, L., Abraham, L., and Haywood, J.

Abstract

Stratospheric volcanic aerosol forcing is one of the main natural drivers of climate variability, but historical volcanic forcing reconstructions are subject to large uncertainties and are heterogeneous. For phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), the recommended stratospheric aerosol dataset for 1850-1978 is derived from a mixture of (among other sources): i) aerosol properties derived from a 2-dimensional, offline aerosol model driven by a relatively old volcanic sulfur dioxide emission inventory; ii) uncertain and local pyrheliometric measurements. To make progress, we run fully coupled historical simulations using the UK Earth System Model UKESM1. Instead of prescribing the CMIP6 stratospheric aerosol properties (referred to as prescribed runs, hereafter), we input one of the most recent volcanic SO2 emission inventories into UKESM1, which interactively calculates stratospheric aerosol optical properties using the model chemistry, microphysics and atmospheric components in a fully consistent way. Averaged globally over 1850-2014, our interactive runs suggest that explosive eruptions exerted a radiative forcing of -0.06 W/m2 associated with a cooling of -0.12 oC and ocean heat content loss of 70 ZJ. Analysis of 1963-2014 volcanic impacts on large scale climate metrics, such as global mean temperature and precipitation, shows reasonable agreement between our interactive runs, prescribed runs and available observations. Over the period 1850 to 1915, the interactive runs predict a much stronger forcing and climate response to volcanic eruptions compared to prescribed runs, including for Krakatau in 1883. We discuss these differences considering uncertainties in volcanic and climate records., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Published
2023
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3. Description and Evaluation of an Emission-Driven and Fully Coupled Methane Cycle in UKESM -- Revised Paper

Author

Folberth, G. A., Staniaszek, Z., Archibald, A. T., O'Connor, F. M., Gedney, N., Jones, C. D., Wiltshire, A., Griffiths, P. T., Parker, R. J., and Sellar, A. A.

Subjects
methane emission-driven configuration of UKESM1, global methane cycle
Abstract

Methane is a very important greenhouse gas. The global methane cycle needs to be understood fully to accurately model the way methane affects climate change. We describe a new version of the UKESM1 Earth system model, UKESM1-ems, that uses emissions of methane to drive the atmospheric chemistry. In case of emissions from global wetlands, such as bogs, swamps and tundra, the methane emissions are calculated by the model during runtime. Methane emissions react directly to changes in the modelled climate. UKESM1-ems simulates the global cycle of methane from emissions via oxidation in the atmosphere to uptake at the surface more realistically. We also test the model against measurements from satellites and ground-based stations to ensure the relevant processes in the model behave accurately. The comparison with observations shows that UKESM1-ems performs well and represents an improvement in simulating important processes in climate and the Earth system. However, we also found that the methane concentration in the model is too low compared to observations for the period of the 20th and early 21st century during which human activity, especially the use of fossil fuel, is dominating the methane cycle., After paper revisions

Published
2022
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14. The Common Representative Intermediates Mechanism Version 2 in the United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosols Model

Author

Archer‐Nicholls, S., primary, Abraham, N. L., additional, Shin, Y. M., additional, Weber, J., additional, Russo, M. R., additional, Lowe, D., additional, Utembe, S. R., additional, O'Connor, F. M., additional, Kerridge, B., additional, Latter, B., additional, Siddans, R., additional, Jenkin, M., additional, Wild, O., additional, and Archibald, A. T., additional

Published
2021
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16. The Common Representative Intermediates Mechanism version 2 in the United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosols Model

Author

Archer-Nicholls, S., Abraham, N. Luke, Shin, Y. M., Weber, J., Russo, Maria R., Lowe, D., Utembe, S., O’Connor, F. M., Kerridge, B., Latter, B., Siddans, R., Jenkin, M., Wild, O., Archibald, A. T., Archer-Nicholls, S., Abraham, N. Luke, Shin, Y. M., Weber, J., Russo, Maria R., Lowe, D., Utembe, S., O’Connor, F. M., Kerridge, B., Latter, B., Siddans, R., Jenkin, M., Wild, O., and Archibald, A. T.

Abstract

We document the implementation of the Common Representative Intermediates Mechanism version 2, reduction 5 (CRIv2-R5) into the United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosol model (UKCA) version 10.9. The mechanism is merged with the stratospheric chemistry already used by the StratTrop mechanism, as used in UKCA and the UK Earth System Model (UKESM1), to create a new CRI-Strat mechanism. CRI-Strat simulates a more comprehensive treatment of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and provides traceability with the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM). In total, CRI-Strat simulates the chemistry of 233 species competing in 613 reactions (compared to 87 species and 305 reactions in the existing StratTrop mechanism). However, while more than twice as complex than StratTrop, the new mechanism is only 75Strat is evaluated against an array of in situ and remote sensing observations and simulations using the StratTrop mechanism in the UKCA model. It is found to increase production of ozone near the surface, leading to higher ozone concentrations compared to surface observations. However, ozone loss is also greater in CRI-Strat, leading to less ozone away from emission sources and a similar tropospheric ozone burden compared to StratTrop. CRI-Strat also produces more carbon monoxide than StratTrop, particularly downwind of biogenic VOC emission sources, but has lower burdens of nitrogen oxides as more is converted into reservoir species. The changes to tropospheric ozone and nitrogen budgets are sensitive to the treatment of NMVOC emissions, highlighting the need to reduce uncertainty in these emissions to improve representation of tropospheric chemical composition.

Published
2021

17. Protest cycles and referendums for independence. closed opportunities and the path of radicalization in catalonia

Author

Porta D. D., O'Connor F., Portos M., Porta, D. D., O'Connor, F., and Portos, M.

Subjects
Policing of protest, Movement convergence, Secessionism, Downward scale shift, Referendum
Abstract

This article seeks to understand the trajectory of radicalization in the Catalan 'procés'. Regardless of their formal legal standing, referendum campaigns are distinct political opportunities which also generate further opportunities. Contrary to what some theories of protest would predict, when political opportunities are closed down at national level, and repression toughens, violent escalation leading to fragmentation and ultimately demobilization does not necessarily ensue, at least in the short term. As the Catalan 'procés' illustrates between the mid-2000s and late-2018, the combination of mechanisms such as appropriation of opportunities, downward scale shift and movement convergence can mitigate escalation processes. A dense network of local and grassroots assemblies displaced the previously dominant, major civil society organizations that led mass protests, especially during the 2012-2015 'diadas'. These grassroots actors prioritized the organization of dissent through more direct, more disruptive, but mostly peaceful forms of action. This in turn facilitated movement convergence, based upon solidarization, as it opened up local spaces where the activists from across the spectrum could mobilize together, pre-empting a clear violent escalation and the emergence of violent splinter groups till late 2018.

Published
2019

18. Climate and air quality impacts due to mitigation of non-methane near-term climate forcers

Author

Allen, R.J., Turnock, S., Nabat, P., Neubauer, D., Lohmann, U., Olivié, D., Oshima, N., Michou, M., Wu, T., Zhang, J., Takemura, T., Schulz, M., Tsigaridis, K., Bauer, S.E., Emmons, L., Horowitz, L., Naik, V., van Noije, T., Bergman, T., Lamarque, J.-F., Zanis, P., Tegen, I., Westervelt, D.M., Le Sager, P., Good, P., Shim, S., O'Connor, F., Akritidis, D., Georgoulias, A.K., Deushi, M., Sentman, L.T., John, J.G., Fujimori, S., Collins, W.J., Allen, R.J., Turnock, S., Nabat, P., Neubauer, D., Lohmann, U., Olivié, D., Oshima, N., Michou, M., Wu, T., Zhang, J., Takemura, T., Schulz, M., Tsigaridis, K., Bauer, S.E., Emmons, L., Horowitz, L., Naik, V., van Noije, T., Bergman, T., Lamarque, J.-F., Zanis, P., Tegen, I., Westervelt, D.M., Le Sager, P., Good, P., Shim, S., O'Connor, F., Akritidis, D., Georgoulias, A.K., Deushi, M., Sentman, L.T., John, J.G., Fujimori, S., and Collins, W.J.

Abstract

It is important to understand how future environmental policies will impact both climate change and air pollution. Although targeting near-term climate forcers (NTCFs), defined here as aerosols, tropospheric ozone, and precursor gases, should improve air quality, NTCF reductions will also impact climate. Prior assessments of the impact of NTCF mitigation on air quality and climate have been limited. This is related to the idealized nature of some prior studies, simplified treatment of aerosols and chemically reactive gases, as well as a lack of a sufficiently large number of models to quantify model diversity and robust responses. Here, we quantify the 2015–2055 climate and air quality effects of non-methane NTCFs using nine state-of-the-art chemistry–climate model simulations conducted for the Aerosol and Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project (AerChemMIP). Simulations are driven by two future scenarios featuring similar increases in greenhouse gases (GHGs) but with “weak” (SSP3-7.0) versus “strong” (SSP3-7.0-lowNTCF) levels of air quality control measures. As SSP3-7.0 lacks climate policy and has the highest levels of NTCFs, our results (e.g., surface warming) represent an upper bound. Unsurprisingly, we find significant improvements in air quality under NTCF mitigation (strong versus weak air quality controls). Surface fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) decrease by −2.2±0.32 µg m−3 and −4.6±0.88 ppb, respectively (changes quoted here are for the entire 2015–2055 time period; uncertainty represents the 95 % confidence interval), over global land surfaces, with larger reductions in some regions including south and southeast Asia. Non-methane NTCF mitigation, however, leads to additional climate change due to the removal of aerosol which causes a net warming effect, including global mean surface temperature and precipitation increases of 0.25±0.12 K and 0.03±0.012 mm d−1, respectively. Similarly, increases in extreme weather indices, including the hotte

Published
2020

19. The intestinal protozoa of man /

Author

Dobell, Clifford, 1886-1949, O'Connor, F. W., Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine (archive.org), Dobell, Clifford, 1886-1949, and O'Connor, F. W.

Subjects
Amebiasis, Amoeba, Diseases, Dysentery, Eukaryota, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic, Intestines, Medical care, Protozoa, Protozoa, Pathogenic, Tropical medicine, World War, 1914-1918, Zoology, Medical
Published
1921

25. Clear-sky ultraviolet radiation modelling using output from the Chemistry Climate Model Initiative

Author

Lamy, K., Portafaix, T., Josse, B., Brogniez, C., Godin-Beekmann, S., Bencherif, H., Revell, L., Akiyoshi, H., Bekki, S., Hegglin, M. I., Jöckel, Patrick, Kirner, O., Liley, B., Marecal, V., Morgenstern, O., Stenke, A., Zeng, G., Abraham, N. L., Archibald, A. T., Butchart, N., Chipperfield, M. P., Di Genova, G., Deushi, M., Dhomse, S. S., Hu, R.-M., Kinnison, D., Kotkamp, M., McKenzie, R., Michou, M., O'Connor, F. M., Oman, L. D., Pitari, G., Plummer, D. A., Pyle, J. A., Rozanov, E., Saint-Martin, D., Sudo, K., Tanaka, T. Y., Visioni, D., Yoshida, K., Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), School of Chemistry and Physics [Durban], University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), School of Physical Chemical Sciences [Christchurch], University of Canterbury [Christchurch], Bodeker Scientific, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Department of Meteorology [Reading], University of Reading (UOR), DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Steinbuch Centre for Computing [Karlsruhe] (SCC), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), National Centre for Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (NCAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Chemistry [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds, Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences [L'Aquila] (DSFC), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Meteorological Research Institute [Tsukuba] (MRI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Centre for Atmospheric Science [Cambridge, UK], Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Center (PMOD/WRC), Graduate School of Environmental Studies [Nagoya], Nagoya University, Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (MAE), Cornell University [New York], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila = University of L'Aquila (UNIVAQ), and Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], EMAC, ozone, Atmospheric physics and chemistry, MESSy, CCMI, Erdsystem-Modellierung, clear-sky, ultraviolot radiation, chemistry-climate modelling
Abstract

We have derived values of the ultraviolet index (UVI) at solar noon using the Tropospheric Ultraviolet Model (TUV) driven by ozone, temperature and aerosol fields from climate simulations of the first phase of the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI-1). Since clouds remain one of the largest uncertainties in climate projections, we simulated only the clear-sky UVI. We compared the modelled UVI climatologies against present-day climatological values of UVI derived from both satellite data (the OMI-Aura OMUVBd product) and ground-based measurements (from the NDACC network). Depending on the region, relative differences between the UVI obtained from CCMI/TUV calculations and the ground-based measurements ranged between −5.9 % and 10.6 %. We then calculated the UVI evolution throughout the 21st century for the four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5). Compared to 1960s values, we found an average increase in the UVI in 2100 (of 2 %–4 %) in the tropical belt (30∘ N–30∘ S). For the mid-latitudes, we observed a 1.8 % to 3.4 % increase in the Southern Hemisphere for RCPs 2.6, 4.5 and 6.0 and found a 2.3 % decrease in RCP 8.5. Higher increases in UVI are projected in the Northern Hemisphere except for RCP 8.5. At high latitudes, ozone recovery is well identified and induces a complete return of mean UVI levels to 1960 values for RCP 8.5 in the Southern Hemisphere. In the Northern Hemisphere, UVI levels in 2100 are higher by 0.5 % to 5.5 % for RCPs 2.6, 4.5 and 6.0 and they are lower by 7.9 % for RCP 8.5. We analysed the impacts of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) on UVI from 1960 by comparing CCMI sensitivity simulations (1960–2100) with fixed GHGs or ODSs at their respective 1960 levels. As expected with ODS fixed at their 1960 levels, there is no large decrease in ozone levels and consequently no sudden increase in UVI levels. With fixed GHG, we observed a delayed return of ozone to 1960 values, with a corresponding pattern of change observed on UVI, and looking at the UVI difference between 2090s values and 1960s values, we found an 8 % increase in the tropical belt during the summer of each hemisphere. Finally we show that, while in the Southern Hemisphere the UVI is mainly driven by total ozone column, in the Northern Hemisphere both total ozone column and aerosol optical depth drive UVI levels, with aerosol optical depth having twice as much influence on the UVI as total ozone column does. ISSN:1680-7375 ISSN:1680-7367

Published
2019

26. Irish Society of Gastroenterology: Proceedings for summer meeting – 26th/27th May 1995 in Galway

Author

Woods, M., O’Donnell, L. J. D., Battistini, B., Warner, T., Vane, J., Fartming, M. G., Yaqoob, J., Wu, J. J., Norris, L. A., Khan, M. I., Keeling, P. W. N., Maguire, D., O’Sullivan, G., Harvey, B., Curran, B., Xin∘, Y., Kay, E. W., Leader, M., Henry, K., Crosbie, O., Norris, S., Costello, P., O’Farrelly, C., Hegarty, J., Kennedy, B., Duggan, M., Plant, R., Kenny-Walsh, E. K., Cotter, P., Whelton, M. J., Yaqoob, J., Khan, M. I., Maloney, M., Noonan, N., Keeling, P. W. N., Buckley, M., Hamilton, H., Beattie, S., O’Morain, C., McNamara, B., Cuffe, J., O’Sullivan, G., Harvey, B., Barry, R. A., O’Morain, C., Collins, D. A., O’Sullivan, G. C., Collins, J. K., Shanahan, F., Skelly, M. M., Mulcahy, H. E., Troy, A., Connell, T., Duggan, C., Duffyt, M. J., Sheahan, K., O’Donoghue, D. P., Buckley, M., Xia, H. X., Hyde, D., O’Morain, C., O’Brien, M. G., Fitzgerald, E. F., Lee, G., Shanahan, F., O’Sullivan, G. C., Hussey, A. J., Boyle, T. J., Garrihy, B., Clinton, O. P., McAnena, O. J., Cuffe, J., McNamara, B., O’Sulllvan, G., Harvey, B., Corby, H., Donnelly, V., O’Herlihy, C., O’Connell, P. R., Deignan, T., Kelly, J., O’Farrelly, C., Breslin, N. P., MacDonnell, C., O’Morain, C., O’Keeffe, J., Mills, K., Srinivasan, U., Willoughby, R., Feighery, C., Twohig, B., Gaynor, K., O’Regan, P. F., Duggan, S., Redmond, H. P., McCarthy, J., Bouchier-Hayes, D., Ma, Q. Y., Williamson, K. E., Rowlands, B. J., Tobin, A., Pilkington, R., O’Donnell, M., O’Shea, E., Conroy, A., Kaminski, G., Walsh, A., Temperley, I. J., Kelleher, D., Weir, D. G., Barry, M. K., Mulligan, E. D., Stokes, M. A., O’Riordain, M. G., Gorey, T. F., McGeeney, K. F., Fitzpatrick, J. M., Watson, R. W. G., Redmond, H. P., Wang, J. H., Campbell, F., Bouchier-Hayes, D., Bennett, D., Kavanagh, E., Gorman, P. O., Twohig, B., O’Regan, P., Shanahan, F., Yassin, M. M. I., McCaigue, M., Parks, T. G., Rowlands, B. J., D’Sa, A. A. B. Barros, Norris, S., Lawlor, M., McElwaine, S., O’Farrelly, C., Hegarty, J., Heneghan, M. A., Kerins, M., Goulding, J., Egan, E. L., Stevens, F. M., McCarthy, C. F., Quirke, M., Eustace-Ryan, A. M., O’Regan, P. F., Khan, M. I., Yaqoob, J., Qureshi, S., Aziz, E., Maree, A., Collins, S., Browne, T., Ahmed, S., Sullibhan, B. O., Smith, P., Walker, F., O’Connor, F., Sweeney, E., O’Morain, C., Farrell, R. J., Morrint, M., Goggins, M., McNulty, J. G., Weir, D. G., Kelleher, D., and Keeling, P. W. N.

Published
1995
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29. Irish society of gastroenterology: Proceedings of Winter Meeting held 4th/5th December 1992in Beaumont hospital, Dublin

Author

O’Sullivan, M., Thornton, G., O’Sullivan, G., O’Mahony, A. M., O’Connell, J., Hanvajanawong, C., Phelan, D., O’Sullivan, G. C., Collins, J. K., Bamford, K. B., Lutton, D. A., Collins, J. S. A., O’Loughlin, B., Johnston, B. T., McFarland, R. J., Love, A. H. G., Buchanan, K. D., Fillmore, D., Ardill, J. E. S., Clyne, M., Drumm, B., Cyne, M., Tham, T. C. K., McLaughlin, N., Hughes, D. F., Ferguson, M., Crosbie, J. J., Madden, M., Namnyak, S., O’Connor, F. A., Magbri, Awad El, Stevens, F. M., McCarthy, C. F., Lynch, M., O’Brien, M., Ryan, E., MacMathuna, P., Kelly, P., Lennon, J., Crowe, J., Mulvey, S., Maguire, C., Clarke, E., Cronin, K. J., Kent, P., Mooney, E., Corrigan, T., O’Connell, R., Fitzpatrick, J. M., Gorey, T. F., Prabhaker, M. C., Bannon, C. A., Delaney, C., Duggan, M., Gorey, T., Abuzakouk, M., Lynch, S., Casey, E., Weir, D., Feighery, C., O’Farrelly, C., Fan, X. J., Chua, A., Shahi, C. N., Kelleher, D., Keeling, P. W. N., Parks, R. W., Diamond, T., McCrory, D. C., Johnston, G. W., Clements, W. D. B., Ennis, M., Campbell, G. R., Halliday, M. I., Rowlands, B. J., Wilson, R. H., Williamson, K., McLoughlin, J., Moorehead, R. J., O’Connor, A. M., Johnston, C. F., Gillmore, D., Boreham, C., Caldwell, M. T. P., Jazrawi, S., Byrne, P. J., Walsh, T. N., Hennessy, T. P. J., Li, H., Kay, E. W., Mulcahy, H., Curran, B., O’Donoghue, D., Leader, M., Walsh, C. Barry, O’Sullivan, S. T., Reardon, C. M., Hardiman, C., O’Donnell, J. A., Kirwan, W. O., Brady, M. P., McGreal, G., Hehir, D. J., Brady, M. P., O’Donnell, J., Pender, S. M., Courtney, M. G., Fielding, J. F., Swan, N., Chong, A., Denesh, T. G., Coll, D., McElearney, C., Kay, E., Sant, S., Doyle, J. S., Buckley, M., Cahill, R. J., Beattie, S., Hamilton, H., O’Morain, C., O’Sullivan, K., Forde, A. M., Gilvarry, J., Jackson, J., Alvi, R., Leahy, A., Lynch, G., Lane, B., Browne, H. Y., Keeling, P., Stafford-Johnson, D., Kee, S., Carr, J., Ryan, M. J., Sheehan, S., Broe, P., Deasy, J., O’Donovan, D. A., Bouchier-Hayes, D. M., Kelly, C., Grace, P., Redmond, H. P, Burke, P., Bouchier-Hayes, D. J., O’Malley, K., Qureshi, A., Osborne, H., Monkhouse, W. S., Bouchier-Hayes, D., Goggin, M., Joyce, W. P., Traynor, O., Hyland, J., Beausang, E., Mealy, K., Prendergast, C., Joyce, L., McNicholas, M. M. J., Gibney, R. G., Dolan, J., MacErlean, D. P., Hyland, J. M., Fenlon, H. M., Mulcahy, H. E., Stack, W. A., Skelly, M. M., Hegarty, J. E., Stack, W., O’Donoghue, D. P., Norris, S. M., McNicholas, M., Murray, F. E., Williams, N., Burke, J., Lamort, W., Fitzpatrick, J., Afdhal, N., Gibney, R., McLoughlin, R. F., Mourad, F. H., O’Donnell, L. J. D., Dias, J., Ogutu, E., Farthing, M. J. G., Hoyle, C. H. V., Hill, A. D. K., Darzi, A., Carey, P. D., Menzies-Gow, N., Monson, J. R. T., Goggins, M. G., O’Broin, S., Kelleher, B., Scott, J. M., Weir, D. D., Watson, R. G. P., Goss, B., Angus, P. W., Duckham, N., Sewell, R. B., and Smallwood, R. A.

Published
1993
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30. Diagnosis

Author

Zhukhovitski, W. G., Aruin, L. I., Ilchenko, A. S., Gorodinskaya, V. S., Meyer-Rosberg, K., Gustavsson, S., Maeland, J. A., Kleveland, P. M., Kvam, A. I., Witteman, E. M., Bloembergen, P., Koning, R. W. de, Alcalde, M., Lanche, A., Carpintero, P., Garcia, R., Sanchez, P., Pajares, J. M., Tham, T. C. K., McLaughlin, N., Hughes, D. F., Ferguson, M., Crosbie, J. J., Madden, M., Namnyak, S., O’Connor, F. A., Gosciniak, G., Matysiak-Budnik, T., Poniewierka, E., Przondo-Mordarska, A., Monno, R., Quarto, M., Ierardi, E., Chironna, M., Cafforio, P., Margiotta, M., Francavilla, A., Yamamoto, I., Fukuda, Y., Tonokatsu, Y., Takami, S., Mizuta, T., Hayashi, T., Tamura, T., Hori, S., Shimoyama, T., Juutinen, K., Granberg, C., Häivä, V. M., Lehtonen, O. P., Kujari, H., Mansikka, A., Martín, E., Sanz, J. C., Alarcón, T., Cardenoso, L., López-Brea, M., Powell, Frank C., Daw, M. A., Duguid, Chris, Goossens, H., Glupczynski, Y., Burette, A., Deprez, C., Borre, C. Van den, Butzler, J. P., Veenendaa, R. A., Peña, A. S., Kuiper, I., Duijn, W. Van, Lamers, C. B. H. W., De Koster, E., Fannes, F., Denis, P., Baise, E., Van Roosbroeck, A., Nyst, J. F., Deltenre, M., Adeyemi, E. O., Al-Homsi, M., Goodwin, C. S., Demers, B., Karmali, M., Sherman, P., Pender, S. M., Courtney, M. G., Holloway, H., Sexton, T. B., Fielding, J. F., Mendes, E. N., Queiroz, D. M. M., Rocha, G. A., Moura, S. B., Barbosa, M. I., Carvalhaes, S. M., Freitas, M. L. P., Mendall, M. A., Goggin, P. M., Molineaux, N., Levi, J., Harding, T., Maneno, J. H., Corbishley, C., Finlayson, C., Badue, S., Northfield, T. C., Moldrzyyk, Veltzhe-Schliehenlr, Vogt, H., Trautman, K., Hampel, M., Hausmann, T., Gratz, K. F., Kelber, A., Soudan, B., Wagner, S., Hundeshagen, H., Jurgos, L., Druguet, M., Pommier, C., Rousseau, M., Courpron, P., Brazier, J. L., Marks, J., Rao, G. Gopal, Cobden, I., Johri, R., John, S., Rodgers, A. D., Awad, Magbri, Naqvi, Altaf, McCarthy, C. F., Kristiansen, Jette E., Andersen, L. P., Justesen, T., Hvidberg, E. F., Tahar, A. S., Reid, J., Boothmann, P., Gemmell, C. G., Lee, F. D., Sturrock, R. D., Russell, I., Tessaro, P., Schiavon, R., Contini, M. G., Rugge, M., Guido, M., Glorioso, S., Turatello, F., Naccarato, R., Kist, M., Eschweiler, B., Koch, H. K., Dzierzanowska, D., Vogtt, E., Wojda, U., Muszynski, J., Laszewicz, W., and Skawinski, W.

Published
1992
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37. Ultraviolet Radiation evolution during the 21st century

Author

Lamy, Kévin, Josse, Béatrice, Portafaix, Thierry, Bencherif, Hassan, Godin-Beekmann, Sophie, Brogniez, Colette, Abraham, N. L., Akiyoshi, H., Archibald, A. T., Bekki, Slimane, Butchart, N., Chipperfield, Martyn P., Currie, R., Di Genova, Glauco, Garcia, R. R., Deushi, Makoto, Dhomse, Sandip, Duncan, B. N., Hegglin, M. I., Horowitz, L. W., Jöckel, P., Kinnison, D., Lamarque, J. F., Lin, M. Y., Mancini, E., Marchand, Marion, Marécal, Virginie, Michou, M., Morgenstern, Olaf, O'Connor, F. M., Nagashima, T., Oman, L. D., Pitari, G., Plummer, D., Pyle, J. A., Revell, Laura E., Rozanov, E., Saint-Martin, D., Scinocca, J. F., Stenke, A., Strahan, S. E., Stone, K., Sudo, K., Tanaka, T. Y., Tilmes, S., Yamashita, Y., Yoshida, K., Zeng, G., Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds, University of L'Aquila [Italy] (UNIVAQ), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Meteorological Research Institute [Tsukuba] (MRI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Department of Meteorology [Reading], University of Reading (UOR), NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche [L'Aquila], Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Bodeker Scientific, School of Earth Sciences [Melbourne], Faculty of Science [Melbourne], University of Melbourne-University of Melbourne, Graduate School of Environmental Studies [Nagoya], Nagoya University, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Auckland] (NIWA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli Studi dell'Aquila = University of L'Aquila (UNIVAQ)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract

International audience; In the context of a changing climate, the acceleration of the Brewer-Dobson circulation [Butchart 2014] leadsto a decrease of the ozone total column in the tropics. This decrease affects directly surface ultraviolet radiation,which are already very high in this area. Following the work of (Bais et al., 2011), (Butchart, 2014)and (Hegglin & Shepherd, 2009) on the future evolution of surface irradiance derived from Chemistry ClimateModels (CCM) projections, we projected here surface irradiance from 2010 to 2100 with focus on the tropics.We used the latest chemistry climate projection exercise ; Chemistry Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) coupledwith a radiative transfer model (TUV (Madronich, 1993)) to calculate the evolution of surface Ultravioletradiation throughout the 21st century. Ultraviolet Index (UVi) has been specifically considered (McKenzie,Matthews, & Johnston, 1991).At first, simulation from RefC2 Chemistry Climate Model Initiative have been coupled with a radiativetransfer model, in order to obtained modeled UV index (UVi-M). UVi-M is then compared against availablesatellite ultraviolet radiation observations (OMI OMUVbd product) between 2005 and 2016. Statistical differenceand variance have been analysed versus different parameters: geographical location, model or ensembleof model outputs used in the radiative transfer calculation.

Published
2017

38. Understanding the glacial methane cycle

Author

Hopcroft, P. O., Valdes, P. J., O'Connor, F. M., Kaplan, J. O., and Beerling, D. J.

Abstract

Atmospheric methane (CH4) varied with climate during the Quaternary, rising from a concentration of 375 p.p.b.v. during the last glacial maximum (LGM) 21,000 years ago, to 680 p.p.b.v. at the beginning of the industrial revolution. However, the causes of this increase remain unclear; proposed hypotheses rely on fluctuations in either the magnitude of CH4 sources or CH4 atmospheric lifetime, or both. Here we use an Earth System model to provide a comprehensive assessment of these competing hypotheses, including estimates of uncertainty. We show that in this model, the global LGM CH4 source was reduced by 28-46%, and the lifetime increased by 2-8%, with a best-estimate LGM CH4 concentration of 463-480 p.p.b.v. Simulating the observed LGM concentration requires a 46-49% reduction in sources, indicating that we cannot reconcile the observed amplitude. This highlights the need for better understanding of the effects of low CO2 and cooler climate on wetlands and other natural CH4 sources.

Published
2017

39. Reduction Of Pay-Beds In The NHS

Author

Bauerova, O., Baumber, C. D., Benaim, M. E., Bhatt, G. S., Bradley, J. C., Brown, D. J. A., Davies, D. M., Deodhar, S. G., Fraser, J. P., Goodman, M. J., Green, A. E., Haworth, K. S., Kaushal, K., Lakhanpaul, O. P., Lal, S., Leahy, M. M. P., Lowry, J. C., McLenachan, J., Mukerji, D. K., O'Connor, F., Pearson, K. W., Phillips, R., Sims, A. J., Stone, J. F., Taylor, J. B. L., and Wilson, H. W.

Published
1979

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