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57,736 results on '"O'Brien, P."'

1. Reform and Reaction: The Politics of Modern Higher Education Policy. Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.7.2023

Author: University of California, Berkeley. Center for Studies in Higher Education (CSHE) and David O’Brien
Abstract: An ongoing debate in K-12 education policy has been between the "reform" agenda, including charter schools and school vouchers, and advocates of traditional public schools, led by educator unions. A similar split has emerged in higher education, particularly community colleges. Using California as an example, this paper: 1) summarizes the evolution of the current political divide between advocates of the "completion and success" agenda and faculty-led opponents, including the major reforms involved, 2) discusses the claims that leading organizations on each side have made, including their policy priorities, and 3) argues that the two sides share do share some areas of mutual agreement. The paper concludes by noting future policy considerations that could complicate reform efforts.
Published: 2024

2. Comparison of Novel Hybrid and Traditional Physiotherapy Clinical Placement Models: A Pilot Study

Author: Jannette Blennerhassett, Estelle Kyriacou, Catherine Hill, Adrian Pranata, Lisa O'Brien, and Dannielle Dunlop
Abstract: This mixed-methods observational pilot study compared clinician-supervisor and student satisfaction (surveys and semi-structured interviews), and final placement scores for two different physiotherapy clinical placement models: hybrid (half-onsite, half-remote) and traditional (onsite). All supervisors and students involved were invited to participate; ten supervisors and seven students completed the survey, and nine supervisors and one student participated in interviews. Qualitative data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Students and supervisors reported similar levels of satisfaction for either model. Supervisors reported some reservations and higher workloads with the hybrid model. The interviews identified three themes for satisfying placements: it is structure, not location that matters; managing competing demands on clinician-supervisors; and learning requires psychologically safe relationships. Final scores for both placement models were comparable. This pilot study with a small sample found the hybrid model was acceptable and achieved comparable outcomes to the traditional model. Remote structured learning has potential to innovate and support sustainable clinical placements.
Published: 2024

3. Seasons of Learning: Rural Indigenous Teacher Preparation

Author: Dani O'Brien, Josh Montgomery, Bezhigogaabawiikwe Hunter, Niizhoobinesiikwe Howes, Waasegiizhigookwe Rosie Gonzalez, Manidoo Makwe Ikwe, and Kevin Zak
Abstract: We, four teachers in Ojibwe or majority-Ojibwe schools and three teachers in teacher preparation at a small ecologically focused liberal arts college, tell stories to reorient ourselves, centering place in ways accessible to our emerging practice. In these narratives, anchored in the seasons, we describe our challenges and successes in adapting education programs to better evoke the lifeways that predominate in our shared part of rural northern Wisconsin immersed in the lands of the Ojibwe. We relied on experiences, both ours and of Ojibwe learners, to illuminate the rhythms of our place and the seasons of learning defined by boreal forest, an inland sea, the sugar bush, and the wild rice harvest, in the hope of better outcomes for Indigenous and non-Indigenous teacher candidates (and their future students) in our evolving program. This narrative work cobbles a frame enabling connection to create rural, fugitive, decolonized teacher preparation that centers respect, reciprocity, and agency.
Published: 2024

4. Lorentzian and Octonionic Satake equivalence

Author: Chen, Tsao-Hsien and O'Brien, John
Subjects: Mathematics - Representation Theory, Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry
Abstract: We establish a derived geometric Satake equivalence for the real group $G_{\mathbb R}=PSO(2n-1,1)$ (resp. $PE_6(F_4)$), to be called the Lorentzian Satake equivalence (resp. Octonionic Satake equivalence). By applying the real-symmetric correspondence for affine Grassmannians, we obtain a derived geometric Satake equivalence for the splitting rank symmetric variety $X=PSO_{2n}/SO_{2n-1}$ (resp. $PE_6/F_4$). As an application, we compute the stalks of the $\text{IC}$-complexes for spherical orbit closures in the real affine Grassmannian for $G_{\mathbb R}$ and the loop space of $X$. We show the stalks are given by the Kostka-Foulkes polynomials for $GL_2$ (resp. $GL_3$) but with $q$ replaced by $q^{n-1}$ (resp. $q^4$).
Published: 2024

5. Multiplicity dependent $J/\psi$ and $\psi(2S)$ production at forward and backward rapidity in $p$$+$$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV

Author: PHENIX Collaboration, Abdulameer, N. J., Acharya, U., Aidala, C., Akiba, Y., Alfred, M., Andrieux, V., Antsupov, S., Apadula, N., Asano, H., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Bandara, N. S., Bannikov, E., Barish, K. N., Bathe, S., Bazilevsky, A., Beaumier, M., Belmont, R., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Bichon, L., Blankenship, B., Blau, D. S., Bok, J. S., Borisov, V., Brooks, M. L., Bryslawskyj, J., Bumazhnov, V., Campbell, S., Cervantes, R., Chen, D., Chiu, M., Chi, C. Y., Choi, I. J., Choi, J. B., Citron, Z., Connors, M., Corliss, R., Cronin, N., Csanád, M., Csörgő, T., Danley, T. W., Daugherity, M. S., David, G., DeBlasio, K., Dehmelt, K., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E. J., Dion, A., Dixit, D., Doomra, V., Do, J. H., Drees, A., Drees, K. A., Durham, J. M., Durum, A., En'yo, H., Enokizono, A., Esha, R., Fadem, B., Fan, W., Feege, N., Fields, D. E., Finger, Jr., M., Finger, M., Firak, D., Fitzgerald, D., Fokin, S. L., Frantz, J. E., Franz, A., Frawley, A. D., Fukuda, Y., Gallus, P., Gal, C., Garg, P., Ge, H., Giordano, F., Goto, Y., Grau, N., Greene, S. V., Perdekamp, M. Grosse, Gunji, T., Guo, T., Guragain, H., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J. S., Hahn, K. I., Hamagaki, H., Hamilton, H. F., Hanks, J., Han, S. Y., Hasegawa, S., Haseler, T. O. S., Hemmick, T. K., He, X., Hill, J. C., Hill, K., Hodges, A., Hollis, R. S., Homma, K., Hong, B., Hoshino, T., Hotvedt, N., Huang, J., Imai, K., Inaba, M., Iordanova, A., Isenhower, D., Ivanishchev, D., Jacak, B., Jezghani, M., Jiang, X., Ji, Z., Johnson, B. M., Jouan, D., Jumper, D. S., Kang, J. H., Kapukchyan, D., Karthas, S., Kawall, D., Kazantsev, A. V., Khachatryan, V., Khanzadeev, A., Kim, C., Kim, E. -J., Kim, M., Kincses, D., Kistenev, E., Klatsky, J., Kline, P., Koblesky, T., Kotov, D., Kovacs, L., Kudo, S., Kurita, K., Kwon, Y., Lajoie, J. G., Lebedev, A., Lee, S., Leitch, M. J., Leung, Y. H., Lim, S. H., Liu, M. X., Li, X., Loggins, V. -R., Lökös, S., Loomis, D. A., Lovasz, K., Lynch, D., Majoros, T., Makdisi, Y. I., Makek, M., Manko, V. I., Mannel, E., McCumber, M., McGaughey, P. L., McGlinchey, D., McKinney, C., Mendoza, M., Mignerey, A. C., Milov, A., Mishra, D. K., Mitchell, J. T., Mitrankova, M., Mitrankov, Iu., Mitsuka, G., Miyasaka, S., Mizuno, S., Montuenga, P., Moon, T., Morrison, D. P., Mulilo, B., Murakami, T., Murata, J., Nagai, K., Nagashima, K., Nagashima, T., Nagle, J. L., Nagy, M. I., Nakagawa, I., Nakano, K., Nattrass, C., Niida, T., Nouicer, R., Novitzky, N., Novák, T., Nukazuka, G., Nyanin, A. S., O'Brien, E., Ogilvie, C. A., Koop, J. D. Orjuela, Orosz, M., Osborn, J. D., Oskarsson, A., Ottino, G. J., Ozawa, K., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, J. S., Park, S., Patel, M., Pate, S. F., Perepelitsa, D. V., Perera, G. D. N., Peressounko, D. Yu., PerezLara, C. E., Perry, J., Petti, R., Phipps, M., Pinkenburg, C., Pisani, R. P., Potekhin, M., Purschke, M. L., Read, K. F., Reynolds, D., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Richford, D., Rinn, T., Rolnick, S. D., Rosati, M., Rowan, Z., Safonov, A. S., Sakaguchi, T., Sako, H., Samsonov, V., Sarsour, M., Sato, S., Schaefer, B., Schmoll, B. K., Sedgwick, K., Seidl, R., Seleznev, A., Sen, A., Seto, R., Sexton, A., Sharma, D., Shein, I., Shibata, T. -A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shioya, T., Shukla, P., Sickles, A., Silva, C. L., Silvermyr, D., Singh, B. K., Singh, C. P., Singh, V., Slunečka, M., Smith, K. L., Snowball, M., Soltz, R. A., Sondheim, W. E., Sorensen, S. P., Sourikova, I. V., Stankus, P. W., Stoll, S. P., Sugitate, T., Sukhanov, A., Sumita, T., Sun, J., Sun, Z., Sziklai, J., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M. J., Tarafdar, S., Tarnai, G., Tieulent, R., Timilsina, A., Todoroki, T., Tomášek, M., Towell, C. L., Towell, R. S., Tserruya, I., Ueda, Y., Ujvari, B., van Hecke, H. W., Velkovska, J., Virius, M., Vrba, V., Vukman, N., Wang, X. R., Watanabe, Y. S., Woody, C. L., Xue, L., Xu, C., Xu, Q., Yalcin, S., Yamaguchi, Y. L., Yamamoto, H., Yanovich, A., Yoon, I., Yoo, J. H., Yushmanov, I. E., Yu, H., Zajc, W. A., Zelenski, A., and Zou, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The $J/\psi$ and $\psi(2S)$ charmonium states, composed of $c\bar{c}$ quark pairs and known since the 1970s, are widely believed to serve as ideal probes to test quantum chromodynamics in high-energy hadronic interactions. However, there is not yet a complete understanding of the charmonium-production mechanism. Recent measurements of $J/\psi$ production as a function of event charged-particle multiplicity at the collision energies of both the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) show enhanced $J/\psi$ production yields with increasing multiplicity. One potential explanation for this type of dependence is multiparton interactions (MPI). We carry out the first measurements of self-normalized $J/\psi$ yields and the $\psi(2S)$ to $J/\psi$ ratio at both forward and backward rapidities as a function of self-normalized charged-particle multiplicity in $p$$+$$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV. In addition, detailed {\sc pythia} studies tuned to RHIC energies were performed to investigate the MPI impacts. We find that the PHENIX data at RHIC are consistent with recent LHC measurements and can only be described by {\sc pythia} calculations that include MPI effects. The forward and backward $\psi(2S)$ to $J/\psi$ ratio, which serves as a unique and powerful approach to study final-state effects on charmonium production, is found to be less dependent on the charged-particle multiplicity., Comment: 301 authors from 69 institutions, 8 pages, 3 figures. v1 is version submitted to Physical Review D Letters. HEPdata tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.html
Published: 2024

6. DiversityMedQA: Assessing Demographic Biases in Medical Diagnosis using Large Language Models

Author: Rawat, Rajat, McBride, Hudson, Nirmal, Dhiyaan, Ghosh, Rajarshi, Moon, Jong, Alamuri, Dhruv, O'Brien, Sean, and Zhu, Kevin
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract: As large language models (LLMs) gain traction in healthcare, concerns about their susceptibility to demographic biases are growing. We introduce {DiversityMedQA}, a novel benchmark designed to assess LLM responses to medical queries across diverse patient demographics, such as gender and ethnicity. By perturbing questions from the MedQA dataset, which comprises medical board exam questions, we created a benchmark that captures the nuanced differences in medical diagnosis across varying patient profiles. Our findings reveal notable discrepancies in model performance when tested against these demographic variations. Furthermore, to ensure the perturbations were accurate, we also propose a filtering strategy that validates each perturbation. By releasing DiversityMedQA, we provide a resource for evaluating and mitigating demographic bias in LLM medical diagnoses.
Published: 2024

7. Two-neutrino double electron capture of $^{124}$Xe in the first LUX-ZEPLIN exposure

Author: Aalbers, J., Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Baker, A., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Bargemann, J. W., Barillier, E. E., Beattie, K., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E., Blockinger, G. M., Boxer, B., Brew, C. A. J., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Buuck, M., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Converse, M. V., Coronel, R., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Curran, D., Dahl, C. E., David, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., de Viveiros, L., Di Felice, L., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Dubey, S., Eriksen, S. R., Fan, A., Fearon, N. M., Fieldhouse, N., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Gaitskell, R. J., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gibbons, R., Gokhale, S., Green, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Haiston, J. J., Hall, C. R., Han, S., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M. A., Hertel, S. A., Heuermann, G., Homenides, G. J., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hunt, D., Jacquet, E., James, R. S., Johnson, J., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A. C., Kannichankandy, M., Khaitan, D., Khazov, A., Khurana, I., Kim, J., Kim, Y. D., Kingston, J., Kirk, R., Kodroff, D., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Lippincott, W. H., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Lu, C., Luitz, S., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Maupin, C., McCarthy, M. E., McDowell, G., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., McLaughlin, J. B., McMonigle, R., Mizrachi, E., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nguyen, A., O'Brien, C. L., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Orpwood, J., Oyulmaz, K. Y, Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pannifer, N. J., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piepke, A., Qie, Y., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Ritchey, E., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Santone, D., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Sehr, G., Shafer, B., Shaw, S., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Sinev, G., Siniscalco, J., Smith, R., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Suerfu, B., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., Tong, Z., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Tripathi, M., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A. C., Valentino, O., Velan, V., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Weeldreyer, L., Whitis, T. J., Wild, K., Williams, M., Wisniewski, W. J., Wolf, L., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Wright, C. J., Xia, Q., Xu, J., Xu, Y., Yeh, M., Yeum, D., Zha, W., and Zweig, E. A.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The broad physics reach of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment covers rare phenomena beyond the direct detection of dark matter. We report precise measurements of the extremely rare decay of $^{124}$Xe through the process of two-neutrino double electron capture (2$\nu$2EC), utilizing a $1.39\,\mathrm{kg} \times \mathrm{yr}$ isotopic exposure from the first LZ science run. A half-life of $T_{1/2}^{2\nu2\mathrm{EC}} = (1.09 \pm 0.14_{\text{stat}} \pm 0.05_{\text{sys}}) \times 10^{22}\,\mathrm{yr}$ is observed with a statistical significance of $8.3\,\sigma$, in agreement with literature. First empirical measurements of the KK capture fraction relative to other K-shell modes were conducted, and demonstrate consistency with respect to recent signal models at the $1.4\,\sigma$ level., Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2024

8. Modeling flux tunability in Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers with an open-source frequency-domain simulator

Author: Levochkina, A., Chatterjee, I., Darvehi, P., Ahmad, H. G., Mastrovito, P., Massarotti, D., Montemurro, D., Tafuri, F., Pepe, G. P., O'Brien, Kevin P., and Esposito, M.
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers (JTWPAs) are integral parts of many experiments carried out in quantum technologies. Being composed of hundreds of Josephson junction-based unit cells, such devices exhibit complex nonlinear behavior that typically cannot be fully explained with simple analytical models, thus necessitating the use of numerical simulators. A very useful characteristic of JTWPAs is the possibility of being biased by an external magnetic flux, allowing insitu control of the nonlinearity. It is therefore very desirable for numerical simulators to support this feature. Open-source numerical tools that allow to model JTWPA flux biasing, such as WRSPICE or PSCAN2, are based on time-domain approaches,which typically require long simulation times to get accurate results. In this work, we model the gain performance in a prototypical flux-tunable JTWPA by using JosephsonCircuits.jl,a recently developed frequency-domain open-source numerical simulator, which has the benefit of simulation times about 10,000 faster than time-domain methods. By comparing the numerical and experimental results, we validate this approach for modeling the flux dependent behavior of JTWPAs.
Published: 2024

9. AAVENUE: Detecting LLM Biases on NLU Tasks in AAVE via a Novel Benchmark

Author: Gupta, Abhay, Meng, Philip, Yurtseven, Ece, O'Brien, Sean, and Zhu, Kevin
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract: Detecting biases in natural language understanding (NLU) for African American Vernacular English (AAVE) is crucial to developing inclusive natural language processing (NLP) systems. To address dialect-induced performance discrepancies, we introduce AAVENUE ({AAVE} {N}atural Language {U}nderstanding {E}valuation), a benchmark for evaluating large language model (LLM) performance on NLU tasks in AAVE and Standard American English (SAE). AAVENUE builds upon and extends existing benchmarks like VALUE, replacing deterministic syntactic and morphological transformations with a more flexible methodology leveraging LLM-based translation with few-shot prompting, improving performance across our evaluation metrics when translating key tasks from the GLUE and SuperGLUE benchmarks. We compare AAVENUE and VALUE translations using five popular LLMs and a comprehensive set of metrics including fluency, BARTScore, quality, coherence, and understandability. Additionally, we recruit fluent AAVE speakers to validate our translations for authenticity. Our evaluations reveal that LLMs consistently perform better on SAE tasks than AAVE-translated versions, underscoring inherent biases and highlighting the need for more inclusive NLP models. We have open-sourced our source code on GitHub and created a website to showcase our work at https://aavenue.live.
Published: 2024

10. From Bias to Balance: Detecting Facial Expression Recognition Biases in Large Multimodal Foundation Models

Author: Chhua, Kaylee, Wen, Zhoujinyi, Hathalia, Vedant, Zhu, Kevin, and O'Brien, Sean
Subjects: Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract: This study addresses the racial biases in facial expression recognition (FER) systems within Large Multimodal Foundation Models (LMFMs). Despite advances in deep learning and the availability of diverse datasets, FER systems often exhibit higher error rates for individuals with darker skin tones. Existing research predominantly focuses on traditional FER models (CNNs, RNNs, ViTs), leaving a gap in understanding racial biases in LMFMs. We benchmark four leading LMFMs: GPT-4o, PaliGemma, Gemini, and CLIP to assess their performance in facial emotion detection across different racial demographics. A linear classifier trained on CLIP embeddings obtains accuracies of 95.9\% for RADIATE, 90.3\% for Tarr, and 99.5\% for Chicago Face. Furthermore, we identify that Anger is misclassified as Disgust 2.1 times more often in Black Females than White Females. This study highlights the need for fairer FER systems and establishes a foundation for developing unbiased, accurate FER technologies. Visit https://kvjvhub.github.io/FERRacialBias/ for further information regarding the biases within facial expression recognition.
Published: 2024

11. Quantum error correction below the surface code threshold

Author: Acharya, Rajeev, Aghababaie-Beni, Laleh, Aleiner, Igor, Andersen, Trond I., Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Astrakhantsev, Nikita, Atalaya, Juan, Babbush, Ryan, Bacon, Dave, Ballard, Brian, Bardin, Joseph C., Bausch, Johannes, Bengtsson, Andreas, Bilmes, Alexander, Blackwell, Sam, Boixo, Sergio, Bortoli, Gina, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Browne, David A., Buchea, Brett, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Cabrera, Anthony, Campero, Juan, Chang, Hung-Shen, Chen, Yu, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Ben, Chik, Desmond, Chou, Charina, Claes, Jahan, Cleland, Agnetta Y., Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Curtin, Ben, Das, Sayan, Davies, Alex, De Lorenzo, Laura, Debroy, Dripto M., Demura, Sean, Devoret, Michel, Di Paolo, Agustin, Donohoe, Paul, Drozdov, Ilya, Dunsworth, Andrew, Earle, Clint, Edlich, Thomas, Eickbusch, Alec, Elbag, Aviv Moshe, Elzouka, Mahmoud, Erickson, Catherine, Faoro, Lara, Farhi, Edward, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Ganjam, Suhas, Garcia, Gonzalo, Gasca, Robert, Genois, Élie, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Gilboa, Dar, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Graumann, Dietrich, Greene, Alex, Gross, Jonathan A., Habegger, Steve, Hall, John, Hamilton, Michael C., Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Heras, Francisco J. H., Heslin, Stephen, Heu, Paula, Higgott, Oscar, Hill, Gordon, Hilton, Jeremy, Holland, George, Hong, Sabrina, Huang, Hsin-Yuan, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Ioffe, Lev B., Isakov, Sergei V., Iveland, Justin, Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Jordan, Stephen, Joshi, Chaitali, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, Dvir, Kang, Hui, Karamlou, Amir H., Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Kelly, Julian, Khaire, Trupti, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kim, Seon, Klimov, Paul V., Klots, Andrey R., Kobrin, Bryce, Kohli, Pushmeet, Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kothari, Robin, Kozlovskii, Borislav, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Kurilovich, Vladislav D., Lacroix, Nathan, Landhuis, David, Lange-Dei, Tiano, Langley, Brandon W., Laptev, Pavel, Lau, Kim-Ming, Guevel, Loïck Le, Ledford, Justin, Lee, Kenny, Lensky, Yuri D., Leon, Shannon, Lester, Brian J., Li, Wing Yan, Li, Yin, Lill, Alexander T., Liu, Wayne, Livingston, William P., Locharla, Aditya, Lucero, Erik, Lundahl, Daniel, Lunt, Aaron, Madhuk, Sid, Malone, Fionn D., Maloney, Ashley, Mandrá, Salvatore, Martin, Leigh S., Martin, Steven, Martin, Orion, Maxfield, Cameron, McClean, Jarrod R., McEwen, Matt, Meeks, Seneca, Megrant, Anthony, Mi, Xiao, Miao, Kevin C., Mieszala, Amanda, Molavi, Reza, Molina, Sebastian, Montazeri, Shirin, Morvan, Alexis, Movassagh, Ramis, Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech, Naaman, Ofer, Neeley, Matthew, Neill, Charles, Nersisyan, Ani, Neven, Hartmut, Newman, Michael, Ng, Jiun How, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Ni, Chia-Hung, O'Brien, Thomas E., Oliver, William D., Opremcak, Alex, Ottosson, Kristoffer, Petukhov, Andre, Pizzuto, Alex, Platt, John, Potter, Rebecca, Pritchard, Orion, Pryadko, Leonid P., Quintana, Chris, Ramachandran, Ganesh, Reagor, Matthew J., Rhodes, David M., Roberts, Gabrielle, Rosenberg, Eliott, Rosenfeld, Emma, Roushan, Pedram, Rubin, Nicholas C., Saei, Negar, Sank, Daniel, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin J., Schurkus, Henry F., Schuster, Christopher, Senior, Andrew W., Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Singh, Shraddha, Sivak, Volodymyr, Skruzny, Jindra, Small, Spencer, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Smith, W. Clarke, Somma, Rolando D., Springer, Sofia, Sterling, George, Strain, Doug, Suchard, Jordan, Szasz, Aaron, Sztein, Alex, Thor, Douglas, Torres, Alfredo, Torunbalci, M. Mert, Vaishnav, Abeer, Vargas, Justin, Vdovichev, Sergey, Vidal, Guifre, Villalonga, Benjamin, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, Waltman, Steven, Wang, Shannon X., Ware, Brayden, Weber, Kate, White, Theodore, Wong, Kristi, Woo, Bryan W. K., Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Ying, Bicheng, Yoo, Juhwan, Yosri, Noureldin, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhang, Yaxing, Zhu, Ningfeng, and Zobrist, Nicholas
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: Quantum error correction provides a path to reach practical quantum computing by combining multiple physical qubits into a logical qubit, where the logical error rate is suppressed exponentially as more qubits are added. However, this exponential suppression only occurs if the physical error rate is below a critical threshold. In this work, we present two surface code memories operating below this threshold: a distance-7 code and a distance-5 code integrated with a real-time decoder. The logical error rate of our larger quantum memory is suppressed by a factor of $\Lambda$ = 2.14 $\pm$ 0.02 when increasing the code distance by two, culminating in a 101-qubit distance-7 code with 0.143% $\pm$ 0.003% error per cycle of error correction. This logical memory is also beyond break-even, exceeding its best physical qubit's lifetime by a factor of 2.4 $\pm$ 0.3. We maintain below-threshold performance when decoding in real time, achieving an average decoder latency of 63 $\mu$s at distance-5 up to a million cycles, with a cycle time of 1.1 $\mu$s. To probe the limits of our error-correction performance, we run repetition codes up to distance-29 and find that logical performance is limited by rare correlated error events occurring approximately once every hour, or 3 $\times$ 10$^9$ cycles. Our results present device performance that, if scaled, could realize the operational requirements of large scale fault-tolerant quantum algorithms., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, Supplementary Information
Published: 2024

12. Measurement of inclusive jet cross section and substructure in $p$$+$$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV

Author: PHENIX Collaboration, Abdulameer, N. J., Acharya, U., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N. N., Akiba, Y., Akimoto, R., Alexander, J., Alfred, M., Andrieux, V., Antsupov, S., Aoki, K., Apadula, N., Asano, H., Atomssa, E. T., Awes, T. C., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Bai, M., Bai, X., Bandara, N. S., Bannier, B., Bannikov, E., Barish, K. N., Bathe, S., Baublis, V., Baumann, C., Baumgart, S., Bazilevsky, A., Beaumier, M., Belmont, R., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Bichon, L., Black, D., Blankenship, B., Blau, D. S., Bok, J. S., Borisov, V., Boyle, K., Brooks, M. L., Bryslawskyj, J., Buesching, H., Bumazhnov, V., Butsyk, S., Campbell, S., Cervantes, R., Chen, C. -H., Chen, D., Chiu, M., Chi, C. Y., Choi, I. J., Choi, J. B., Choi, S., Christiansen, P., Chujo, T., Cianciolo, V., Citron, Z., Cole, B. A., Connors, M., Corliss, R., Cronin, N., Crossette, N., Csanád, M., Csörgő, T., D'Orazio, L., Danley, T. W., Datta, A., Daugherity, M. S., David, G., DeBlasio, K., Dehmelt, K., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E. J., Ding, L., Dion, A., Dixit, D., Doomra, V., Do, J. H., Drapier, O., Drees, A., Drees, K. A., Durham, J. M., Durum, A., En'yo, H., Engelmore, T., Enokizono, A., Esha, R., Eyser, K. O., Fadem, B., Fan, W., Feege, N., Fields, D. E., Finger, Jr., M., Finger, M., Firak, D., Fitzgerald, D., Fleuret, F., Fokin, S. L., Frantz, J. E., Franz, A., Frawley, A. D., Fukao, Y., Fukuda, Y., Fusayasu, T., Gainey, K., Gallus, P., Gal, C., Garg, P., Garishvili, A., Garishvili, I., Ge, H., Giordano, F., Glenn, A., Gong, X., Gonin, M., Goto, Y., de Cassagnac, R. Granier, Grau, N., Greene, S. V., Perdekamp, M. Grosse, Gunji, T., Guo, T., Guragain, H., Gu, Y., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J. S., Hahn, K. I., Hamagaki, H., Hamilton, H. F., Hanks, J., Han, S. Y., Hasegawa, S., Haseler, T. O. S., Hashimoto, K., Hayano, R., Hemmick, T. K., Hester, T., He, X., Hill, J. C., Hill, K., Hodges, A., Hollis, R. S., Homma, K., Hong, B., Hoshino, T., Hotvedt, N., Huang, J., Ichihara, T., Ikeda, Y., Imai, K., Imazu, Y., Inaba, M., Iordanova, A., Isenhower, D., Isinhue, A., Ivanishchev, D., Jeon, S. J., Jezghani, M., Jiang, X., Ji, Z., Johnson, B. M., Joo, K. S., Jouan, D., Jumper, D. S., Kamin, J., Kanda, S., Kang, B. H., Kang, J. H., Kang, J. S., Kapukchyan, D., Kapustinsky, J., Karthas, S., Kawall, D., Kazantsev, A. V., Key, J. A., Khachatryan, V., Khandai, P. K., Khanzadeev, A., Kijima, K. M., Kim, C., Kim, D. J., Kim, E. -J., Kim, M., Kim, Y. -J., Kim, Y. K., Kincses, D., Kistenev, E., Klatsky, J., Kleinjan, D., Kline, P., Koblesky, T., Kofarago, M., Komkov, B., Koster, J., Kotchetkov, D., Kotov, D., Kovacs, L., Krizek, F., Kudo, S., Kurita, K., Kurosawa, M., Kwon, Y., Lai, Y. S., Lajoie, J. G., Lebedev, A., Lee, D. M., Lee, G. H., Lee, J., Lee, K. B., Lee, K. S., Lee, S., Lee, S. H., Leitch, M. J., Leitgab, M., Leung, Y. H., Lewis, B., Lim, S. H., Liu, M. X., Li, X., Loggins, V. -R., Lokos, S., Loomis, D. A., Lovasz, K., Lynch, D., Maguire, C. F., Majoros, T., Makdisi, Y. I., Makek, M., Manion, A., Manko, V. I., Mannel, E., McCumber, M., McGaughey, P. L., McGlinchey, D., McKinney, C., Meles, A., Mendoza, M., Meredith, B., Miake, Y., Mibe, T., Mignerey, A. C., Milov, A., Mishra, D. K., Mitchell, J. T., Mitrankova, M., Mitrankov, Iu., Mitsuka, G., Miyasaka, S., Mizuno, S., Mohanty, A. K., Mohapatra, S., Montuenga, P., Moon, T., Morrison, D. P., Moskowitz, M., Moukhanova, T. V., Mulilo, B., Murakami, T., Murata, J., Mwai, A., Nagae, T., Nagai, K., Nagamiya, S., Nagashima, K., Nagashima, T., Nagle, J. L., Nagy, M. I., Nakagawa, I., Nakamiya, Y., Nakamura, K. R., Nakamura, T., Nakano, K., Nattrass, C., Netrakanti, P. K., Nihashi, M., Niida, T., Nouicer, R., Novitzky, N., Novák, T., Nukazuka, G., Nyanin, A. S., O'Brien, E., Ogilvie, C. A., Oide, H., Okada, K., Koop, J. D. Orjuela, Orosz, M., Osborn, J. D., Oskarsson, A., Ottino, G. J., Ozawa, K., Pak, R., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, I. H., Park, J. S., Park, S., Park, S. K., Patel, L., Patel, M., Pate, S. F., Peng, J. -C., Perepelitsa, D. V., Perera, G. D. N., Peressounko, D. Yu., PerezLara, C. E., Perry, J., Petti, R., Phipps, M., Pinkenburg, C., Pisani, R. P., Potekhin, M., Purschke, M. L., Qu, H., Rak, J., Ravinovich, I., Read, K. F., Reynolds, D., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Richardson, E., Richford, D., Rinn, T., Riveli, N., Roach, D., Rolnick, S. D., Rosati, M., Rowan, Z., Ryu, M. S., Safonov, A. S., Sahlmueller, B., Saito, N., Sakaguchi, T., Sako, H., Samsonov, V., Sarsour, M., Sato, S., Sawada, S., Schaefer, B., Schmoll, B. K., Sedgwick, K., Seele, J., Seidl, R., Sekiguchi, Y., Seleznev, A., Sen, A., Seto, R., Sett, P., Sexton, A., Sharma, D., Shaver, A., Shein, I., Shibata, T. -A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shioya, T., Shoji, K., Shukla, P., Sickles, A., Silva, C. L., Silvermyr, D., Singh, B. K., Singh, C. P., Singh, V., Skolnik, M., Slunečka, M., Smith, K. L., Snowball, M., Solano, S., Soltz, R. A., Sondheim, W. E., Sorensen, S. P., Sourikova, I. V., Stankus, P. W., Steinberg, P., Stenlund, E., Stepanov, M., Ster, A., Stoll, S. P., Stone, M. R., Sugitate, T., Sukhanov, A., Sumita, T., Sun, J., Sun, Z., Sziklai, J., Takahara, A., Taketani, A., Tanaka, Y., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M. J., Tarafdar, S., Taranenko, A., Tarnai, G., Tennant, E., Tieulent, R., Timilsina, A., Todoroki, T., Tomášek, M., Torii, H., Towell, C. L., Towell, R. S., Tserruya, I., Ueda, Y., Ujvari, B., van Hecke, H. W., Vargyas, M., Vazquez-Zambrano, E., Veicht, A., Velkovska, J., Virius, M., Vrba, V., Vukman, N., Vznuzdaev, E., Vértesi, R., Wang, X. R., Watanabe, D., Watanabe, K., Watanabe, Y., Watanabe, Y. S., Wei, F., Whitaker, S., Wolin, S., Woody, C. L., Wysocki, M., Xia, B., Xue, L., Xu, C., Xu, Q., Yalcin, S., Yamaguchi, Y. L., Yamamoto, H., Yanovich, A., Yokkaichi, S., Yoon, I., Yoo, J. H., Younus, I., You, Z., Yushmanov, I. E., Yu, H., Zajc, W. A., Zelenski, A., Zhou, S., and Zou, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The jet cross-section and jet-substructure observables in $p$$+$$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV were measured by the PHENIX Collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Jets are reconstructed from charged-particle tracks and electromagnetic-calorimeter clusters using the anti-$k_{t}$ algorithm with a jet radius $R=0.3$ for jets with transverse momentum within $8.0
Published: 2024

13. Adapting cybersecurity frameworks to manage frontier AI risks: A defense-in-depth approach

Author: Ee, Shaun, O'Brien, Joe, Williams, Zoe, El-Dakhakhni, Amanda, Aird, Michael, and Lintz, Alex
Subjects: Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, K.4.1
Abstract: The complex and evolving threat landscape of frontier AI development requires a multi-layered approach to risk management ("defense-in-depth"). By reviewing cybersecurity and AI frameworks, we outline three approaches that can help identify gaps in the management of AI-related risks. First, a functional approach identifies essential categories of activities ("functions") that a risk management approach should cover, as in the NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) and AI Risk Management Framework (AI RMF). Second, a lifecycle approach instead assigns safety and security activities across the model development lifecycle, as in DevSecOps and the OECD AI lifecycle framework. Third, a threat-based approach identifies tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) used by malicious actors, as in the MITRE ATT&CK and MITRE ATLAS databases. We recommend that frontier AI developers and policymakers begin by adopting the functional approach, given the existence of the NIST AI RMF and other supplementary guides, but also establish a detailed frontier AI lifecycle model and threat-based TTP databases for future use., Comment: 79 pages
Published: 2024

14. Shadow Hamiltonian Simulation

Author: Somma, Rolando D., King, Robbie, Kothari, Robin, O'Brien, Thomas, and Babbush, Ryan
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: We present shadow Hamiltonian simulation, a framework for simulating quantum dynamics using a compressed quantum state that we call the "shadow state". The amplitudes of this shadow state are proportional to the expectations of a set of operators of interest. The shadow state evolves according to its own Schr\"odinger equation, and under broad conditions can be simulated on a quantum computer. We analyze a number of applications of this framework to quantum simulation problems. This includes simulating the dynamics of exponentially large systems of free fermions, or exponentially large systems of free bosons, the latter example recovering a recent algorithm for simulating exponentially many classical harmonic oscillators. Shadow Hamiltonian simulation can be extended to simulate expectations of more complex operators such as two-time correlators or Green's functions, and to study the evolution of operators themselves in the Heisenberg picture.
Published: 2024

15. GERry: A Code to Optimise the Hunt for the Electromagnetic Counter-parts to Gravitational Wave Events

Author: O'Neill, David, Lyman, Joseph, Ackley, Kendall, Steeghs, Danny, Galloway, Duncan, Dhillon, Vik, O'Brien, Paul, Ramsay, Gavin, Noysena, Kanthanakorn, Kotak, Rubina, Breton, Rene, Nuttall, Laura, Pallé, Enric, Pollacco, Don, Ulaczyk, Krzysztof, Dyer, Martin, Jiménez-Ibarra, Felipe, Killestein, Tom, Kumar, Amit, Kelsey, Lisa, Godson, Ben, and Jarvis, Dan
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The search for the electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational wave (GW) events has been rapidly gathering pace in recent years thanks to the increasing number and capabilities of both gravitational wave detectors and wide field survey telescopes. Difficulties remain, however, in detecting these counterparts due to their inherent scarcity, faintness and rapidly evolving nature. To find these counterparts, it is important that one optimises the observing strategy for their recovery. This can be difficult due to the large number of potential variables at play. Such follow-up campaigns are also capable of detecting hundreds or potentially thousands of unrelated transients, particularly for GW events with poor localisation. Even if the observations are capable of detecting a counterpart, finding it among the numerous contaminants can prove challenging. Here we present the Gravitational wave Electromagnetic RecovRY code (GERry) to perform detailed analysis and survey-agnostic quantification of observing campaigns attempting to recover electromagnetic counterparts. GERry considers the campaign's spatial, temporal and wavelength coverage, in addition to Galactic extinction and the expected counterpart light curve evolution from the GW 3D localisation volume. It returns quantified statistics that can be used to: determine the probability of having detected the counterpart, identify the most promising sources, and assess and refine strategy. Here we demonstrate the code to look at the performance and parameter space probed by current and upcoming wide-field surveys such as GOTO & VRO., Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, submitted to SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2024
Published: 2024

16. Effect of Duration and Delay on the Identifiability of VR Motion

Author: Miller, Mark Roman, Nair, Vivek, Han, Eugy, DeVeaux, Cyan, Rack, Christian, Wang, Rui, Huang, Brandon, Latoschik, Marc Erich, O'Brien, James F., and Bailenson, Jeremy N.
Subjects: Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract: Social virtual reality is an emerging medium of communication. In this medium, a user's avatar (virtual representation) is controlled by the tracked motion of the user's headset and hand controllers. This tracked motion is a rich data stream that can leak characteristics of the user or can be effectively matched to previously-identified data to identify a user. To better understand the boundaries of motion data identifiability, we investigate how varying training data duration and train-test delay affects the accuracy at which a machine learning model can correctly classify user motion in a supervised learning task simulating re-identification. The dataset we use has a unique combination of a large number of participants, long duration per session, large number of sessions, and a long time span over which sessions were conducted. We find that training data duration and train-test delay affect identifiability; that minimal train-test delay leads to very high accuracy; and that train-test delay should be controlled in future experiments., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, presented at the SePAR workshop (Security and Privacy in Mixed, Augmented, and Virtual Realities), co-located with WoWMoM 2024. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2303.01430
Published: 2024
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17. Effect of Data Degradation on Motion Re-Identification

Author: Nair, Vivek, Miller, Mark Roman, Wang, Rui, Huang, Brandon, Rack, Christian, Latoschik, Marc Erich, and O'Brien, James F.
Subjects: Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract: The use of virtual and augmented reality devices is increasing, but these sensor-rich devices pose risks to privacy. The ability to track a user's motion and infer the identity or characteristics of the user poses a privacy risk that has received significant attention. Existing deep-network-based defenses against this risk, however, require significant amounts of training data and have not yet been shown to generalize beyond specific applications. In this work, we study the effect of signal degradation on identifiability, specifically through added noise, reduced framerate, reduced precision, and reduced dimensionality of the data. Our experiment shows that state-of-the-art identification attacks still achieve near-perfect accuracy for each of these degradations. This negative result demonstrates the difficulty of anonymizing this motion data and gives some justification to the existing data- and compute-intensive deep-network based methods., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, presented at the SePAR (Security and Privacy in Mixed, Virtual, and Augmented Realities) workshop, co-located with WoWMoM 2024 in Perth, Australia
Published: 2024
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18. The Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO)

Author: Dyer, Martin J., Ackley, Kendall, Jiménez-Ibarra, Felipe, Lyman, Joseph, Ulaczyk, Krzysztof, Steeghs, Danny, Galloway, Duncan K., Dhillon, Vik S., O'Brien, Paul, Ramsay, Gavin, Noysena, Kanthanakorn, Kotak, Rubina, Breton, Rene, Nuttall, Laura, Pallé, Enric, Pollacco, Don, Killestein, Tom, Kumar, Amit, O'Neill, David, Kelsey, Lisa, Godson, Ben, and Jarvis, Dan
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO) is a project dedicated to identifying optical counter-parts to gravitational-wave detections using a network of dedicated, wide-field telescopes. After almost a decade of design, construction, and commissioning work, the GOTO network is now fully operational with two antipodal sites: La Palma in the Canary Islands and Siding Spring in Australia. Both sites host two independent robotic mounts, each with a field-of-view of 44 square degrees formed by an array of eight 40 cm telescopes, resulting in an instantaneous 88 square degree field-of-view per site. All four telescopes operate as a single integrated network, with the ultimate aim of surveying the entire sky every 2-3 days and allowing near-24-hour response to transient events within a minute of their detection. In the modern era of transient astronomy, automated telescopes like GOTO form a vital link between multi-messenger discovery facilities and in-depth follow-up by larger telescopes. GOTO is already producing a wide range of scientific results, assisted by an efficient discovery pipeline and a successful citizen science project: Kilonova Seekers., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, submitted to SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2024
Published: 2024

19. An indirect search for dark matter with a combined analysis of dwarf spheroidal galaxies from VERITAS

Author: Acharyya, A., Adams, C. B., Bangale, P., Bartkoske, J. T., Batista, P., Benbow, W., Christiansen, J. L., Chromey, A. J., Duerr, A., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Foote, G. M., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Hanlon, W., Hanna, D., Hervet, O., Hinrichs, C. E., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Jin, W., Johnson, M. N., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Kleiner, T. K., Korzoun, N., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lundy, M., Maier, G., McGrath, Conor E., Millard, M. J., Mooney, C. L., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Ning, W., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Park, N., Pohl, M., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Rabinowitz, P. L., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Ribeiro, D., Roache, E., Ryan, J. L., Sadeh, I., Saha, L., Sembroski, G. H., Shang, R., Splettstoesser, M., Tak, Donggeun, Talluri, A. K., Tucci, J. V., Vassiliev, V. V., Weinstein, A., Williams, D. A., and Wong, S. L.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Understanding the nature and identity of dark matter is a key goal in the physics community. In the case that TeV-scale dark matter particles decay or annihilate into standard model particles, very-high-energy (VHE) gamma rays (greater than 100 GeV) will be present in the final state. The Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) is an imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope array that can indirectly detect VHE gamma rays in an energy range of 100 GeV to > 30 TeV. Dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) are ideal candidates in the search for dark matter due to their high dark matter content, high mass-to-light ratios, and their low gamma-ray fluxes from astrophysical processes. This study uses a legacy data set of 638 hours collected on 17 dSphs, built over 11 years with an observing strategy optimized according to the dark matter content of the targets. The study addresses a broad dark matter particle mass range, extending from 200 GeV to 30 PeV. In the absence of a detection, we set the upper limits on the dark matter velocity-weighted annihilation cross section., Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, accepted in PRD
Published: 2024

20. SKYSURF VI: The Impact of Thermal Variations of HST on Background Light Estimates

Author: McIntyre, Isabel A., Carleton, Timothy, O'Brien, Rosalia, Windhorst, Rogier A., Caddy, Sarah, Cohen, Seth H., Jansen, Rolf A., MacKenty, John, and Kenyon, Scott J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The SKYSURF project constrained extragalactic background light (EBL) and diffuse light with the vast archive of Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images. Thermal emission from HST itself introduces an additional uncertain background and hinders accurate measurement of the diffuse light level. Here, we use archival WFC3/IR engineering data to investigate and model changes in the temperature of various components in HST's optical path as a function of time (solar cycle) and time of the year (Earth-Sun distance). We also specifically investigate changes in temperature with HST's orbital phase and time since Earth occultation. We investigate possible correlations between HST component temperature and year, and temperature and month. The thermal background changes by less than one Kelvin in the WFC3 pick-off mirror, one of the most important contributors to the thermal background. We model these data to describe the impact that orbital phase, year, and time of year have on the HST and WFC3 component temperatures, and use this to derive the impact on the thermal dark signal and the resulting diffuse light measurements. Based on this improved modeling, we provide new upper limits on the level of diffuse light of 21 nW m-2 sr-1, 32 nW m-2 sr-1, and 25 nW m-2 sr-1 for F125W, F140W, and F160W. Additionally, by accounting for all known sources of measurement uncertainty, we report lower limits on the level of diffuse light of 12 nW m-2 sr-1, 20 nW m-2 sr-1, and 2 nW m-2 sr-1 for F125W, F140W, and F160W., Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2024

21. A multi-wavelength study to decipher the 2017 flare of the blazar OJ 287

Author: Acharyya, A., Adams, C. B., Archer, A., Bangale, P., Bartkoske, J. T., Batista, P., Benbow, W., Brill, A., Caldwell, J. P., Carini, M., Christiansen, J. L., Chromey, A. J., Errando, M., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Foote, J., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Gallagher, G., Hanlon, W., Hanna, D., Hervet, O., Hinrichs, C. E., Hoang, J., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Jin, W., Johnson, M. N., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Kherlakian, M., Kieda, D., Kleiner, T. K., Korzoun, N., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Lundy, M., Maier, G., EMcGrath, C., Millard, M. J., Millis, J., Mooney, C. L., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Pohl, M., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Rabinowitz, P. L., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Ribeiro, D., Roache, E., Ryan, J. L., Sadeh, I., Sadun, A. C., Saha, L., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Shang, R., Splettstoesser, M., Tak, D., Talluri, A. K., Tucci, J. V., Williams, D. A., Wong, S. L., Jorstad, S. G., Lico, R., Lusen, P., and Marscher, A. P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: In February 2017, the blazar OJ~287 underwent a period of intense multiwavelength activity. It reached a new historic peak in the soft X-ray (0.3-10 keV) band, as measured by Swift-XRT. This event coincides with a very-high-energy (VHE) $\gamma$-ray outburst that led VERITAS to detect emission above 100 GeV, with a detection significance of $10\sigma$ (from 2016 December 9 to 2017 March 31). The time-averaged VHE $\gamma$-ray spectrum was consistent with a soft power law ($\Gamma = -3.81 \pm 0.26$) and an integral flux corresponding to $\sim2.4\%$ that of the Crab Nebula above the same energy. Contemporaneous data from multiple instruments across the electromagnetic spectrum reveal complex flaring behavior, primarily in the soft X-ray and VHE bands. To investigate the possible origin of such an event, our study focuses on three distinct activity states: before, during, and after the February 2017 peak. The spectral energy distributions during these periods suggest the presence of at least two non-thermal emission zones, with the more compact one responsible for the observed flare. Broadband modeling results and observations of a new radio knot in the jet of OJ~287 in 2017 are consistent with a flare originating from a strong recollimation shock outside the radio core., Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Published: 2024

22. Triggering the Untriggered: The First Einstein Probe-Detected Gamma-Ray Burst 240219A and Its Implications

Author: Yin, Yi-Han Iris, Zhang, Bin-Bin, Yang, Jun, Sun, Hui, Zhang, Chen, Shao, Yi-Xuan, Hu, You-Dong, Zhu, Zi-Pei, Xu, Dong, An, Li, Gao, He, Wu, Xue-Feng, Zhang, Bing, Castro-Tirado, Alberto Javier, Pandey, Shashi B., Rau, Arne, Lei, Weihua, Xie, Wei, Ghirlanda, Giancarlo, Piro, Luigi, O'Brien, Paul, Troja, Eleonora, Jonker, Peter, Yu, Yun-Wei, An, Jie, Chen, Run-Chao, Chen, Yi-Jing, Dong, Xiao-Fei, Eyles-Ferris, Rob, Fan, Zhou, Fu, Shao-Yu, Fynbo, Johan P. U., Gao, Xing, Huang, Yong-Feng, Jiang, Shuai-Qing, Jiang, Ya-Hui, Julakanti, Yashaswi, Kuulkers, Erik, Lao, Qing-Hui, Li, Dongyue, Ling, Zhi-Xing, Liu, Xing, Liu, Yuan, Mou, Jia-Yu, Varun, Wei, Daming, Wu, Qinyu, Yadav, Muskan, Yang, Yu-Han, Yuan, Weimin, and Zhang, Shuang-Nan
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The Einstein Probe (EP) achieved its first detection and localization of a bright X-ray flare, EP240219a, on February 19, 2024, during its commissioning phase. Subsequent targeted searches triggered by the EP240219a alert identified a faint, untriggered gamma-ray burst (GRB) in the archived data of Fermi/GBM, Swift/BAT, Insight-HXMT/HE and INTEGRAL/SPI-ACS. The EP/WXT light curve reveals a long duration of approximately 160 seconds with a slow decay, whereas the Fermi/GBM light curve shows a total duration of approximately 70 seconds. The peak in the Fermi/GBM light curve occurs slightly later with respect to the peak seen in the EP/WXT light curve. Our spectral analysis shows that a single cutoff power-law model effectively describes the joint EP/WXT-Fermi/GBM spectra in general, indicating coherent broad emission typical of GRBs. The model yielded a photon index of $\sim -1.70 \pm 0.05$ and a peak energy of $\sim 257 \pm 134$ keV. After detection of GRB 240219A, long-term observations identified several candidates in optical and radio wavelengths, none of which was confirmed as the afterglow counterpart during subsequent optical and near-infrared follow-ups. The analysis of GRB 240219A classifies it as an X-ray rich GRB with a high peak energy, presenting both challenges and opportunities for studying the physical origins of X-ray flashes (XRFs), X-ray rich GRBs (XRRs), and classical GRBs (C-GRBs). Furthermore, linking the cutoff power-law component to non-thermal synchrotron radiation suggests that the burst is driven by a Poynting flux-dominated outflow., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2024

23. Swift-BAT GUANO follow-up of gravitational-wave triggers in the third LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run

Author: Raman, Gayathri, Ronchini, Samuele, Delaunay, James, Tohuvavohu, Aaron, Kennea, Jamie A., Parsotan, Tyler, Ambrosi, Elena, Bernardini, Maria Grazia, Campana, Sergio, Cusumano, Giancarlo, D'Ai, Antonino, D'Avanzo, Paolo, D'Elia, Valerio, De Pasquale, Massimiliano, Dichiara, Simone, Evans, Phil, Hartmann, Dieter, Kuin, Paul, Melandri, Andrea, O'Brien, Paul, Osborne, Julian P., Page, Kim, Palmer, David M., Sbarufatti, Boris, Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, Troja, Eleonora, Abac, A. G., Abbott, R., Abe, H., Abouelfettouh, I., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adamcewicz, C., Adhicary, S., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Aguiar, O. D., Aguilar, I., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Al-Jodah, A., Alléné, C., Allocca, A., Al-Shammari, S., Altin, P. A., Alvarez-Lopez, S., Amato, A., Amez-Droz, L., Amorosi, A., Amra, C., Anand, S., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Andia, M., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Anglin, J., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Aoumi, M., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Aritomi, N., Armato, F., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Avallone, G., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bagnasco, S., Bagui, E., Bai, Y., Baier, J. G., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Baral, P., Barayoga, J. C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Barthelmy, S. D., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Basalaev, A., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bawaj, M., Baxi, P., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Bazzan, M., Bécsy, B., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belardinelli, D., Bell, A. S., Benedetto, V., Beniwal, D., Benoit, W., Bentley, J. D., Yaala, M. Ben, Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Beroiz, M., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bevins, N., Bhandare, R., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bhowmick, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Binetti, A., Bini, S., Birnholtz, O., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Bogaert, G., Boileau, G., Boldrini, M., Bolingbroke, G. N., Bolliand, A., Bonavena, L. D., Bondarescu, R., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonilla, M. S., Bonino, A., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Borchers, A., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Boumerdassi, A., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braglia, M., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brockmueller, E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. D., Brozzetti, M. L., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Bucci, F., Buchanan, J., Bulashenko, O., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burtnyk, K., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Davies, G. S. Cabourn, Cabras, G., Cabrita, R., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callaghan, J. D., Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Santoro, G. Caneva, Cannavacciuolo, M., Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Cao, Z., Capistran, L. A., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlassara, M., Carlin, J. B., Carpinelli, M., Carrillo, G., Carter, J. J., Carullo, G., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castaldi, G., Castro-Lucas, S. Y., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Chakraborty, P., Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka, Chan, C., Chan, J. C. L., Chan, K. H. M., Chan, M., Chan, W. L., Chandra, K., Chang, R. -J., Chanial, P., Chao, S., Chapman-Bird, C., Charlton, E. L., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, C., Chatterjee, Debarati, Chatterjee, Deep, Chaturvedi, M., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chen, A. H. -Y., Chen, D., Chen, H., Chen, H. Y., Chen, K. H., Chen, X., Chen, Yi-Ru, Chen, Yanbei, Chen, Yitian, Cheng, H. P., Chessa, P., Cheung, H. T., Chia, H. Y., Chiadini, F., Chiang, C., Chiarini, G., Chiba, A., Chiba, R., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiofalo, M. L., Chiummo, A., Chou, C., Choudhary, S., Christensen, N., Chua, S. S. Y., Chung, K. W., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieślar, M., Cifaldi, M., Ciobanu, A. A., Ciolfi, R., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clarke, T. A., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Codazzo, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Collins, J., Colloms, S., Colombo, A., Colpi, M., Compton, C. M., Conti, L., Cooper, S. J., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Cornish, N. J., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cottingham, R., Coughlin, M. W., Couineaux, A., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Coupechoux, J. -F., Cousins, B., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creed, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cremonese, P., Criswell, A. W., Crockett-Gray, J. C. G., Croquette, M., Crouch, R., Crowder, S. G., Cudell, J. R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cuoco, E., Cusinato, M., Dabadie, P., Canton, T. Dal, Dall'Osso, S., Dálya, G., D'Angelo, B., Danilishin, S., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darroch, K. E., Dartez, L. P., Dasgupta, A., Datta, S., Dattilo, V., Daumas, A., Davari, N., Dave, I., Davenport, A., Davier, M., Davies, T. F., Davis, D., Davis, L., Davis, M. C., Daw, E. J., Dax, M., De Bolle, J., Deenadayalan, M., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., Del Favero, V., De Lillo, F., Dell'Aquila, D., Del Pozzo, W., De Marco, F., De Matteis, F., D'Emilio, V., Demos, N., Dent, T., Depasse, A., DePergola, N., De Pietri, R., De Rosa, R., De Rossi, C., De Simone, R., Dhani, A., Dhurandhar, S., Diab, R., Díaz, M. C., Di Cesare, M., Dideron, G., Didio, N. A., Dietrich, T., Di Fiore, L., Di Fronzo, C., Di Giovanni, F., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Diksha, D., Di Michele, A., Ding, J., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Divyajyoti, Dmitriev, A., Doctor, Z., Dohmen, E., Doleva, P. P., Donahue, L., D'Onofrio, L., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Dooney, T., Doravari, S., Dorosh, O., Drago, M., Driggers, J. C., Drori, Y., Ducoin, J. -G., Dunn, L., Dupletsa, U., D'Urso, D., Duval, H., Duverne, P. -A., Dwyer, S. E., Eassa, C., Ebersold, M., Eckhardt, T., Eddolls, G., Edelman, B., Edo, T. B., Edy, O., Effler, A., Eichholz, J., Einsle, H., Eisenmann, M., Eisenstein, R. A., Ejlli, A., Emma, M., Engelby, E., Engl, A. J., Errico, L., Essick, R. C., Estellés, H., Estevez, D., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evstafyeva, T., Ewing, B. E., Ezquiaga, J. M., Fabrizi, F., Faedi, F., Fafone, V., Fairhurst, S., Fan, P. C., Farah, A. M., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favaro, G., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fazio, M., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Fenyvesi, E., Ferguson, D. L., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, T. A., Fidecaro, F., Fiori, A., Fiori, I., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fittipaldi, R., Fiumara, V., Flaminio, R., Fleischer, S. M., Fleming, L. S., Floden, E., Foley, E. M., Fong, H., Font, J. A., Fornal, B., Forsyth, P. W. F., Franceschetti, K., Franchini, N., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Mascioli, A. Frattale, Frei, Z., Freise, A., Freitas, O., Frey, R., Frischhertz, W., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fronzé, G. G., Fuentes-Garcia, M., Fujii, S., Fukunaga, I., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabella, W. E., Gadre, B., Gair, J. R., Galaudage, S., Gallardo, S., Gallego, B., Gamba, R., Gamboa, A., Ganapathy, D., Ganguly, A., Gaonkar, S. G., Garaventa, B., Garcia-Bellido, J., García-Núñez, C., García-Quirós, C., Gardner, J. W., Gardner, K. A., Gargiulo, J., Garron, A., Garufi, F., Gasbarra, C., Gateley, B., Gayathri, V., Gemme, G., Gennai, A., George, J., George, R., Gerberding, O., Gergely, L., Ghadiri, N., Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, Shaon, Ghosh, Shrobana, Ghosh, Suprovo, Ghosh, Tathagata, Giacoppo, L., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Gibson, D. R., Gibson, D. T., Gier, C., Giri, P., Gissi, F., Gkaitatzis, S., Glanzer, J., Gleckl, A. E., Glotin, F., Godfrey, J., Godwin, P., Goebbels, N. L., Goetz, E., Golomb, J., Lopez, S. Gomez, Goncharov, B., González, G., Goodarzi, P., Goodwin-Jones, A. W., Gosselin, M., Göttel, A. S., Gouaty, R., Gould, D. W., Goyal, S., Grace, B., Grado, A., Graham, V., Granados, A. E., Granata, M., Granata, V., Argianas, L. Granda, Gras, S., Grassia, P., Gray, C., Gray, R., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Green, S. M., Green, S. R., Gretarsson, A. M., Gretarsson, E. M., Griffith, D., Griffiths, W. L., Griggs, H. L., Grignani, G., Grimaldi, A., Grimaud, C., Grote, H., Gruson, A. S., Guerra, D., Guetta, D., Guidi, G. M., Guimaraes, A. R., Gulati, H. K., Gulminelli, F., Gunny, A. M., Guo, H., Guo, W., Guo, Y., Gupta, Anchal, Gupta, Anuradha, Gupta, Ish, Gupta, N. C., Gupta, P., Gupta, S. K., Gupta, T., Gupte, N., Gurav, R., Gurs, J., Gutierrez, N., Guzman, F., Haba, D., Haberland, M., Haegel, L., Hain, G., Haino, S., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Han, W. -B., Haney, M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O. A., Hanselman, A. G., Hansen, H., Hanson, J., Harada, R., Harder, T., Haris, K., Harmark, T., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Haskell, B., Haster, C. -J., Hathaway, J. S., Haughian, K., Hayakawa, H., Hayama, K., Healy, J., Heffernan, A., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heinze, J., Heinzel, J., Heitmann, H., Hellman, F., Hello, P., Helmling-Cornell, A. F., Hemming, G., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennes, E., Hennig, J. -S., Hennig, M., Henshaw, C., Hernandez, A., Hertog, T., Heurs, M., Hewitt, A. L., Higginbotham, S., Hild, S., Hill, P., Hill, S., Himemoto, Y., Hines, A. S., Hirata, N., Hirose, C., Ho, J., Hoang, S., Hochheim, S., Hofman, D., Holland, N. A., Holley-Bockelmann, K., Hollows, I. J., Holmes, Z. J., Holz, D. E., Hong, C., Hornung, J., Hoshino, S., Hough, J., Hourihane, S., Howell, E. J., Hoy, C. G., Hoyland, D., Hrishikesh, C. A., Hsieh, H. -F., Hsiung, C., Hsu, H. C., Hsu, S. -C., Hsu, W. -F., Hu, P., Hu, Q., Huang, H. Y., Huang, Y. -J., Huang, Y., Huang, Y. T., Huddart, A. D., Hughey, B., Hui, D. C. Y., Hui, V., Hur, R., Husa, S., Huxford, R., Huynh-Dinh, T., Iakovlev, A., Iandolo, G. A., Iess, A., Inayoshi, K., Inoue, Y., Iorio, G., Irwin, J., Isi, M., Ismail, M. A., Itoh, Y., Iwaya, M., Iyer, B. R., JaberianHamedan, V., Jacquet, P. -E., Jadhav, S. J., Jadhav, S. P., Jain, T., James, A. L., James, P. A., Jamshidi, R., Jan, A. Z., Jani, K., Janiurek, L., Janquart, J., Janssens, K., Janthalur, N. N., Jaraba, S., Jaranowski, P., Jasal, P., Jaume, R., Javed, W., Jennings, A., Jia, W., Jiang, J., Jin, H. -B., Johansmeyer, K., Johns, G. R., Johnson, N. A., Johnston, R., Johny, N., Jones, D. H., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jose, S., Joshi, P., Ju, L., Jung, K., Junker, J., Juste, V., Kajita, T., Kalaghatgi, C., Kalogera, V., Kamiizumi, M., Kanda, N., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Kapadia, S. J., Kapasi, D. P., Karat, S., Karathanasis, C., Karki, S., Kashyap, R., Kasprzack, M., Kastaun, W., Kato, J., Kato, T., Katsanevas, S., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaur, T., Kaushik, R., Kawabe, K., Keitel, D., Kelley-Derzon, J., Kennington, J., Kesharwani, R., Key, J. S., Khadka, S., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, F., Khan, I., Khanam, T., Khazanov, E. A., Khursheed, M., Kiendrebeogo, W., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, C., Kim, J. C., Kim, K., Kim, M. H., Kim, S., Kim, W. S., Kim, Y. -M., Kimball, C., Kimura, N., Kinley-Hanlon, M., Kinnear, M., Kissel, J. S., Kiyota, T., Klimenko, S., Klinger, T., Knee, A. M., Knust, N., Koch, P., Koehlenbeck, S. M., Koekoek, G., Kohri, K., Kokeyama, K., Koley, S., Kolitsidou, P., Kolstein, M., Komori, K., Kong, A. K. H., Kontos, A., Korobko, M., Kossak, R. V., Kou, X., Koushik, A., Kouvatsos, N., Kovalam, M., Koyama, N., Kozak, D. B., Kranzhoff, S. L., Kringel, V., Krishnendu, N. V., Królak, A., Kuehn, G., Kuijer, P., Kulkarni, S., Ramamohan, A. Kulur, Kumar, A., Kumar, Praveen, Kumar, Prayush, Kumar, Rahul, Kumar, Rakesh, Kume, J., Kuns, K., Kuroyanagi, S., Kuwahara, S., Kwak, K., Kwan, K., Lacaille, G., Lagabbe, P., Laghi, D., Lai, S., Laity, A. H., Lakkis, M. H., Lalande, E., Lalleman, M., Landry, M., Lane, B. B., Lang, R. N., Lange, J., Lantz, B., La Rana, A., La Rosa, I., Lartaux-Vollard, A., Lasky, P. D., Lawrence, J., Laxen, M., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., LeBohec, S., Lecoeuche, Y. K., Lee, H. M., Lee, H. W., Lee, K., Lee, R. -K., Lee, R., Lee, S., Lee, Y., Legred, I. N., Lehmann, J., Lehner, L., Lemaître, A., Lenti, M., Leonardi, M., Leonova, E., Lequime, M., Leroy, N., Lesovsky, M., Letendre, N., Lethuillier, M., Levesque, C., Levin, Y., Leyde, K., Li, A. K. Y., Li, K. L., Li, T. G. F., Li, X., Lin, Chien-Yu, Lin, Chun-Yu, Lin, E. T., Lin, F., Lin, H., Lin, L. C. -C., Linde, F., Linker, S. D., Littenberg, T. B., Liu, A., Liu, G. C., Liu, Jian, Llamas, F., Llobera-Querol, J., Lo, R. K. L., Locquet, J. -P., London, L., Longo, A., Lopez, D., Portilla, M. Lopez, Lorenzini, M., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lott IV, T. P., Lough, J. D., Loughlin, H. A., Lousto, C. O., Lowry, M. J., Lück, H., Lumaca, D., Lundgren, A. P., Lussier, A. W., Ma, L. -T., Ma, S., Ma'arif, M., Macas, R., MacInnis, M., Maciy, R. R., Macleod, D. M., MacMillan, I. A. O., Macquet, A., Macri, D., Maeda, K., Maenaut, S., Hernandez, I. Magaña, Magare, S. S., Magazzù, C., Magee, R. M., Maggio, E., Maggiore, R., Magnozzi, M., Mahesh, M., Mahesh, S., Maini, M., Majhi, S., Majorana, E., Makarem, C. N., Malaquias-Reis, J. A., Maliakal, S., Malik, A., Man, N., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mannix, B., Mansell, G. L., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Mapelli, M., Marchesoni, F., Pina, D. Marín, Marion, F., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Markakis, C., Markosyan, A. S., Markowitz, A., Maros, E., Marquina, A., Marsat, S., Martelli, F., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martinez, B. B., Martinez, M., Martinez, V., Martini, A., Martinovic, K., Martins, J. C., Martynov, D. V., Marx, E. J., Massaro, L., Masserot, A., Masso-Reid, M., Mastrodicasa, M., Mastrogiovanni, S., Mateu-Lucena, M., Matiushechkina, M., Matsuyama, M., Mavalvala, N., Maxwell, N., McCarrol, G., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McCormick, S., McCuller, L., McGhee, G. I., McGowan, K. B. M., Mchedlidze, M., McIsaac, C., McIver, J., McKinney, K., McLeod, A., McRae, T., McWilliams, S. T., Meacher, D., Mehta, A. K., Meijer, Q., Melatos, A., Mellaerts, S., Menendez-Vazquez, A., Menoni, C. S., Mercer, R. A., Mereni, L., Merfeld, K., Merilh, E. L., Mérou, J. R., Merritt, J. D., Merzougui, M., Messenger, C., Messick, C., Meyer-Conde, M., Meylahn, F., Mhaske, A., Miani, A., Miao, H., Michaloliakos, I., Michel, C., Michimura, Y., Middleton, H., Miller, A. L., Miller, S., Millhouse, M., Milotti, E., Minenkov, Y., Mio, N., Mir, Ll. M., Mirasola, L., Miravet-Tenés, M., Miritescu, C. -A., Mishra, A. K., Mishra, A., Mishra, C., Mishra, T., Mitchell, A. L., Mitchell, J. G., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mitselmakher, G., Mittleman, R., Miyakawa, O., Miyamoto, S., Miyoki, S., Mo, G., Mobilia, L., Modafferi, L. M., Mohapatra, S. R. P., Mohite, S. R., Molina-Ruiz, M., Mondal, C., Mondin, M., Montani, M., Moore, C. J., Morales, M., Moraru, D., Morawski, F., More, A., More, S., Moreno, C., Moreno, G., Morisaki, S., Moriwaki, Y., Morras, G., Moscatello, A., Mourier, P., Mours, B., Mow-Lowry, C. M., Mozzon, S., Muciaccia, F., Mukherjee, D., Mukherjee, Samanwaya, Mukherjee, Soma, Mukherjee, Subroto, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Mukund, N., Mullavey, A., Munch, J., Mungioli, C. L., Munn, M., Oberg, W. R. Munn, Murakoshi, M., Murray, P. G., Muusse, S., Nadji, S. L., Nagar, A., Nagarajan, N., Nagler, K. N., Nakamura, K., Nakano, H., Nakano, M., Nandi, D., Napolano, V., Narayan, P., Nardecchia, I., Narola, H., Naticchioni, L., Nayak, R. K., Neil, B. F., Neilson, J., Nelson, A., Nelson, T. J. N., Nery, M., Neunzert, A., Ng, S., Nguyen, C., Nguyen, P., Quynh, L. Nguyen, Nichols, S. A., Nielsen, A. B., Nieradka, G., Niko, A., Nishino, Y., Nishizawa, A., Nissanke, S., Nitoglia, E., Niu, W., Nocera, F., Norman, M., North, C., Novak, J., Siles, J. F. Nuño, Nurbek, G., Nuttall, L. K., Obayashi, K., Oberling, J., O'Dell, J., Oertel, M., Offermans, A., Oganesyan, G., Oh, J. J., Oh, K., Oh, S. H., O'Hanlon, T., Ohashi, M., Ohkawa, M., Ohme, F., Ohta, H., Oliveira, A. S., Oliveri, R., Oloworaran, V., O'Neal, B., Oohara, K., O'Reilly, B., Ormsby, N. D., Orselli, M., O'Shaughnessy, R., Oshima, Y., Oshino, S., Ossokine, S., Osthelder, C., Ottaway, D. J., Ouzriat, A., Overmier, H., Owen, B. J., Pace, A. E., Pagano, R., Page, M. A., Pai, A., Pai, S. A., Pal, A., Pal, S., Palaia, M. A., Palashov, O., Pálfi, M., Palma, P. P., Palomba, C., Pan, K. C., Panda, P. K., Panebianco, L., Pang, P. T. H., Pannarale, F., Pant, B. C., Panther, F. H., Panzer, C. D., Paoletti, F., Paoli, A., Paolone, A., Papalexakis, E. E., Papalini, L., Papigkiotis, G., Parisi, A., Park, J., Parker, W., Pascale, G., Pascucci, D., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passuello, D., Patane, O., Patel, M., Pathak, D., Pathak, M., Patra, A., Patricelli, B., Patron, A. S., Paul, S., Payne, E., Pearce, T., Pedraza, M., Pegna, R., Pele, A., Arellano, F. E. Peña, Penn, S., Penuliar, M. D., Perego, A., Pereira, A., Perez, J. J., Périgois, C., Perkins, C. C., Perna, G., Perreca, A., Perret, J., Perriès, S., Perry, J. W., Pesios, D., Petrillo, C., Pfeiffer, H. P., Pham, H., Pham, K. A., Phukon, K. S., Phurailatpam, H., Piccinni, O. J., Pichot, M., Piendibene, M., Piergiovanni, F., Pierini, L., Pierra, G., Pierro, V., Pietrzak, M., Pillas, M., Pilo, F., Pinard, L., Pineda-Bosque, C., Pinto, I. M., Pinto, M., Piotrzkowski, B. J., Pirello, M., Pitkin, M. D., Placidi, A., Placidi, E., Planas, M. L., Plastino, W., Poggiani, R., Polini, E., Pompili, L., Poon, J., Porcelli, E., Portell, J., Porter, E. K., Posnansky, C., Poulton, R., Powell, J., Pracchia, M., Pradhan, B. K., Pradier, T., Prajapati, A. K., Prasai, K., Prasanna, R., Prasia, P., Pratten, G., Principe, M., Prodi, G. A., Prokhorov, L., Prosposito, P., Prudenzi, L., Puecher, A., Pullin, J., Punturo, M., Puosi, F., Puppo, P., Pürrer, M., Qi, H., Qin, J., Quéméner, G., Quetschke, V., Quigley, C., Quinonez, P. J., Quitzow-James, R., Raab, F. J., Raaijmakers, G., Radulesco, N., Raffai, P., Rail, S. X., Raja, S., Rajan, C., Rajbhandari, B., Ramirez, D. S., Ramirez, K. E., Vidal, F. A. Ramis, Ramos-Buades, A., Rana, D., Randel, E., Ranjan, S., Rapagnani, P., Ratto, B., Rawat, S., Ray, A., Raymond, V., Razzano, M., Read, J., Payo, M. Recaman, Regimbau, T., Rei, L., Reid, S., Reid, S. W., Reitze, D. H., Relton, P., Renzini, A., Rettegno, P., Revenu, B., Reza, A., Rezac, M., Rezaei, A. S., Ricci, F., Ricci, M., Richards, D., Richardson, C. J., Richardson, J. W., Rijal, A., Riles, K., Riley, H. K., Rinaldi, S., Rittmeyer, J., Robertson, C., Robinet, F., Robinson, M., Rocchi, A., Rolland, L., Rollins, J. G., Romanelli, M., Romano, A. E., Romano, R., Romero, A., Romero-Shaw, I. M., Romie, J. H., Roocke, T. J., Rosa, L., Rosauer, T. J., Rose, C. A., Rosińska, D., Ross, M. P., Rossello, M., Rowan, S., Roy, S. K., Roy, S., Rozza, D., Ruggi, P., Morales, E. Ruiz, Ruiz-Rocha, K., Sachdev, S., Sadecki, T., Sadiq, J., Saffarieh, P., Sah, M. R., Saha, S. S., Sainrat, T., Menon, S. Sajith, Sakai, K., Sakellariadou, M., Sako, T., Sakon, S., Salafia, O. S., Salces-Carcoba, F., Salconi, L., Saleem, M., Salemi, F., Sallé, M., Salvador, S., Sanchez, A., Sanchez, E. J., Sanchez, J. H., Sanchez, L. E., Sanchis-Gual, N., Sanders, J. R., Sänger, E. M., Saravanan, T. R., Sarin, N., Sasli, A., Sassi, P., Sassolas, B., Satari, H., Sato, R., Sato, S., Sato, Y., Sauter, O., Savage, R. L., Sawada, T., Sawant, H. L., Sayah, S., Schaetzl, D., Scheel, M., Scheuer, J., Schiworski, M. G., Schmidt, P., Schmidt, S., Schnabel, R., Schneewind, M., Schofield, R. M. S., Schouteden, K., Schuler, H., Schulte, B. W., Schutz, B. F., Schwartz, E., Scott, J., Scott, S. M., Seetharamu, T. C., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Sekiguchi, Y., Sellers, D., Sengupta, A. S., Sentenac, D., Seo, E. G., Seo, J. W., Sequino, V., Sergeev, A., Serra, M., Servignat, G., Setyawati, Y., Shaffer, T., Shah, U. S., Shahriar, M. S., Shaikh, M. A., Shams, B., Shao, L., Sharma, A. K., Sharma, P., Sharma-Chaudhary, S., Shawhan, P., Shcheblanov, N. S., Shen, B., Shikano, Y., Shikauchi, M., Shimode, K., Shinkai, H., Shiota, J., Shoemaker, D. H., Shoemaker, D. M., Short, R. W., ShyamSundar, S., Sider, A., Siegel, H., Sieniawska, M., Sigg, D., Silenzi, L., Simmonds, M., Singer, L. P., Singh, A., Singh, D., Singh, M. K., Singha, A., Sintes, A. M., Sipala, V., Skliris, V., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Slaven-Blair, T. J., Smetana, J., Smith, J. R., Smith, L., Smith, R. J. E., Smith, W. J., Soldateschi, J., Somala, S. N., Somiya, K., Soni, K., Soni, S., Sordini, V., Sorrentino, F., Sorrentino, N., Soulard, R., Souradeep, T., Southgate, A., Sowell, E., Spagnuolo, V., Spencer, A. P., Spera, M., Spinicelli, P., Srivastava, A. K., Stachurski, F., Steer, D. A., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Stergioulas, N., Stevens, P., StPierre, M., Strang, L. C., Stratta, G., Strong, M. D., Strunk, A., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Suchenek, M., Sudhagar, S., Sueltmann, N., Sullivan, A. G., Sullivan, K. D., Sun, L., Sunil, S., Sur, A., Suresh, J., Sutton, P. J., Suzuki, Takamasa, Suzuki, Takanori, Swinkels, B. L., Syx, A., Szczepańczyk, M. J., Szewczyk, P., Tacca, M., Tagoshi, H., Tait, S. C., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, R., Takamori, A., Takatani, K., Takeda, H., Takeda, M., Talbot, C. J., Talbot, C., Tamaki, M., Tamanini, N., Tanabe, D., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, S. J., Tanaka, T., Tanasijczuk, A. J., Tang, D., Tanioka, S., Tanner, D. B., Tao, L., Tapia, R. D., Martín, E. N. Tapia San, Tarafder, R., Taranto, C., Taruya, A., Tasson, J. D., Teloi, M., Tenorio, R., Themann, H., Theodoropoulos, A., Thirugnanasambandam, M. P., Thomas, L. M., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thompson, J. E., Thondapu, S. R., Thorne, K. A., Thrane, E., Tissino, J., Tiwari, A., Tiwari, Shubhanshu, Tiwari, Srishti, Tiwari, V., Todd, M. R., Toivonen, A. M., Toland, K., Tolley, A. E., Tomaru, T., Tomita, K., Tomura, T., Tong-Yu, C., Toriyama, A., Toropov, N., Torres-Forné, A., Torrie, C. I., Toscani, M., Melo, I. Tosta e, Tournefier, E., Trani, A. A., Trapananti, A., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Trenado, J., Trevor, M., Tringali, M. C., Tripathee, A., Troiano, L., Trovato, A., Trozzo, L., Trudeau, R. J., Tsang, T. T. L., Tso, R., Tsuchida, S., Tsukada, L., Tsutsui, T., Turbang, K., Turconi, M., Turski, C., Ubach, H., Ubhi, A. S., Uchikata, N., Uchiyama, T., Udall, R. P., Uehara, T., Ueno, K., Unnikrishnan, C. S., Ushiba, T., Utina, A., Vacatello, M., Vahlbruch, H., Vaidya, N., Vajente, G., Vajpeyi, A., Valdes, G., Valencia, J., Valentini, M., Vallejo-Peña, S. A., Vallero, S., Valsan, V., van Bakel, N., van Beuzekom, M., van Dael, M., Brand, J. F. J. van den, Broeck, C. Van Den, Vander-Hyde, D. C., van der Sluys, M., Van de Walle, A., van Dongen, J., Vandra, K., van Haevermaet, H., van Heijningen, J. V., Vanosky, J., van Putten, M. H. P. M., van Ranst, Z., van Remortel, N., Vardaro, M., Vargas, A. F., Varma, V., Vasúth, M., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venikoudis, S., Venneberg, J., Verdier, P., Verkindt, D., Verma, B., Verma, P., Verma, Y., Vermeulen, S. M., Veske, D., Vetrano, F., Veutro, A., Vibhute, A. M., Viceré, A., Vidyant, S., Viets, A. D., Vijaykumar, A., Vilkha, A., Villa-Ortega, V., Vincent, E. T., Vinet, J. -Y., Viret, S., Virtuoso, A., Vitale, S., Vocca, H., Voigt, D., von Reis, E. R. G., von Wrangel, J. S. A., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Wagner, K. J., Walet, R. C., Walker, M., Wallace, G. S., Wallace, L., Wang, H., Wang, J. Z., Wang, W. H., Wang, Z., Waratkar, G., Ward, R. L., Warner, J., Was, M., Washimi, T., Washington, N. Y., Watarai, D., Wayt, K. E., Weaver, B., Weaving, C. R., Webster, S. A., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Weller, C. M., Weller, R. A., Wellmann, F., Wen, L., Weßels, P., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., White, D. D., Whiting, B. F., Whittle, C., Wildberger, J. B., Wilk, O. S., Wilken, D., Willetts, K., Williams, D., Williams, M. J., Williams, N. S., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wils, M., Wipf, C. C., Woan, G., Woehler, J., Wofford, J. K., Wolfe, N. E., Wong, D., Wong, H. T., Wong, H. W. Y., Wong, I. C. F., Wright, J. L., Wright, M., Wu, C., Wu, D. S., Wu, H., Wysocki, D. M., Xiao, L., Xu, V. A., Xu, Y., Yadav, N., Yamamoto, H., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, M., Yamamoto, T. S., Yamamoto, T., Yamamura, S., Yamazaki, R., Yan, S., Yan, T., Yang, F. W., Yang, F., Yang, K. Z., Yang, L. -C., Yang, Y., Yarbrough, Z., Yeh, S. -W., Yelikar, A. B., Yeung, S. M. C., Yin, X., Yokoyama, J., Yokozawa, T., Yoo, J., Yu, H., Yuzurihara, H., Zadrożny, A., Zannelli, A. J., Zanolin, M., Zeeshan, M., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J. -P., Zeoli, M., Zerrad, M., Zevin, M., Zhang, A. C., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhao, Yue, Zhao, Yuhang, Zheng, Y., Zhong, H., Zhong, S., Zhou, R., Zhu, Z. -H., Zimmerman, A. B., Zucker, M. E., and Zweizig, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: We present results from a search for X-ray/gamma-ray counterparts of gravitational-wave (GW) candidates from the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) network using the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (Swift-BAT). The search includes 636 GW candidates received in low latency, 86 of which have been confirmed by the offline analysis and included in the third cumulative Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalogs (GWTC-3). Targeted searches were carried out on the entire GW sample using the maximum--likelihood NITRATES pipeline on the BAT data made available via the GUANO infrastructure. We do not detect any significant electromagnetic emission that is temporally and spatially coincident with any of the GW candidates. We report flux upper limits in the 15-350 keV band as a function of sky position for all the catalog candidates. For GW candidates where the Swift-BAT false alarm rate is less than 10$^{-3}$ Hz, we compute the GW--BAT joint false alarm rate. Finally, the derived Swift-BAT upper limits are used to infer constraints on the putative electromagnetic emission associated with binary black hole mergers., Comment: 50 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2024

24. Centrality dependence of L\'evy-stable two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations in $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV Au$+$Au collisions

Author: PHENIX Collaboration, Abdulameer, N. J., Acharya, U., Adare, A., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N. N., Akiba, Y., Akimoto, R., Al-Ta'ani, H., Alexander, J., Angerami, A., Aoki, K., Apadula, N., Aramaki, Y., Asano, H., Aschenauer, E. C., Atomssa, E. T., Awes, T. C., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Bai, M., Bannier, B., Barish, K. N., Bassalleck, B., Bathe, S., Baublis, V., Baumgart, S., Bazilevsky, A., Belmont, R., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Bichon, L., Blankenship, B., Blau, D. S., Bok, J. S., Borisov, V., Boyle, K., Brooks, M. L., Buesching, H., Bumazhnov, V., Butsyk, S., Campbell, S., Castera, P., Chen, C. -H., Chen, D., Chiu, M., Chi, C. Y., Choi, I. J., Choi, J. B., Choi, S., Choudhury, R. K., Christiansen, P., Chujo, T., Chvala, O., Cianciolo, V., Citron, Z., Cole, B. A., Connors, M., Corliss, R., Csanád, M., Csörgő, T., D'Orazio, L., Dairaku, S., Datta, A., Daugherity, M. S., David, G., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E. J., Dharmawardane, K. V., Dietzsch, O., Ding, L., Dion, A., Donadelli, M., Doomra, V., Drapier, O., Drees, A., Drees, K. A., Durham, J. M., Durum, A., Edwards, S., Efremenko, Y. V., Engelmore, T., Enokizono, A., Esha, R., Eyser, K. O., Fadem, B., Fields, D. E., Finger, Jr., M., Finger, M., Firak, D., Fitzgerald, D., Fleuret, F., Fokin, S. L., Frantz, J. E., Franz, A., Frawley, A. D., Fukao, Y., Fusayasu, T., Gainey, K., Gal, C., Garishvili, A., Garishvili, I., Glenn, A., Gong, X., Gonin, M., Goto, Y., de Cassagnac, R. Granier, Grau, N., Greene, S. V., Perdekamp, M. Grosse, Gunji, T., Guo, L., Guo, T., Gustafsson, H. -Å., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J. S., Hahn, K. I., Hamagaki, H., Hanks, J., Hashimoto, K., Haslum, E., Hayano, R., Hemmick, T. K., Hester, T., He, X., Hill, J. C., Hodges, A., Hollis, R. S., Homma, K., Hong, B., Horaguchi, T., Hori, Y., Ichihara, T., Iinuma, H., Ikeda, Y., Imrek, J., Inaba, M., Iordanova, A., Isenhower, D., Issah, M., Ivanishchev, D., Jacak, B. V., Javani, M., Jiang, X., Ji, Z., Johnson, B. M., Joo, K. S., Jouan, D., Jumper, D. S., Kamin, J., Kaneti, S., Kang, B. H., Kang, J. H., Kang, J. S., Kapustinsky, J., Karatsu, K., Kasai, M., Kasza, G., Kawall, D., Kazantsev, A. V., Kempel, T., Khanzadeev, A., Kijima, K. M., Kim, B. I., Kim, C., Kim, D. J., Kim, E. -J., Kim, H. J., Kim, K. -B., Kim, Y. -J., Kim, Y. K., Kinney, E., Kiss, Á., Kistenev, E., Klatsky, J., Kleinjan, D., Kline, P., Komatsu, Y., Komkov, B., Koster, J., Kotchetkov, D., Kotov, D., Kovacs, L., Krizek, F., Král, A., Kunde, G. J., Kurgyis, B., Kurita, K., Kurosawa, M., Kwon, Y., Kyle, G. S., Lai, Y. S., Lajoie, J. G., Lebedev, A., Lee, B., Lee, D. M., Lee, J., Lee, K. B., Lee, K. S., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. R., Leitch, M. J., Leite, M. A. L., Leitgab, M., Lewis, B., Lim, S. H., Levy, L. A. Linden, Liu, M. X., Lökös, S., Loomis, D. A., Love, B., Maguire, C. F., Makdisi, Y. I., Makek, M., Manion, A., Manko, V. I., Mannel, E., Masumoto, S., McCumber, M., McGaughey, P. L., McGlinchey, D., McKinney, C., Mendoza, M., Meredith, B., Miake, Y., Mibe, T., Mignerey, A. C., Milov, A., Mishra, D. K., Mitchell, J. T., Mitrankova, M., Mitrankov, Iu., Miyachi, Y., Miyasaka, S., Mohanty, A. K., Mohapatra, S., Moon, H. J., Morrison, D. P., Motschwiller, S., Moukhanova, T. V., Mulilo, B., Murakami, T., Murata, J., Mwai, A., Nagae, T., Nagamiya, S., Nagle, J. L., Nagy, M. I., Nakagawa, I., Nakamiya, Y., Nakamura, K. R., Nakamura, T., Nakano, K., Nattrass, C., Nederlof, A., Nihashi, M., Nouicer, R., Novák, T., Novitzky, N., Nukazuka, G., Nyanin, A. S., O'Brien, E., Ogilvie, C. A., Okada, K., Orosz, M., Oskarsson, A., Ouchida, M., Ozawa, K., Pak, R., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, B. H., Park, I. H., Park, J. S., Park, S., Park, S. K., Patel, L., Pate, S. F., Pei, H., Peng, J. -C., Pereira, H., Peressounko, D. Yu., Petti, R., Pinkenburg, C., Pisani, R. P., Potekhin, M., Proissl, M., Purschke, M. L., Qu, H., Rak, J., Ravinovich, I., Read, K. F., Reynolds, D., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Richardson, E., Richford, D., Roach, D., Roche, G., Rolnick, S. D., Rosati, M., Sahlmueller, B., Saito, N., Sakaguchi, T., Samsonov, V., Sano, M., Sarsour, M., Sawada, S., Sedgwick, K., Seidl, R., Sen, A., Seto, R., Sharma, D., Shein, I., Shibata, T. -A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shoji, K., Shukla, P., Sickles, A., Silva, C. L., Silvermyr, D., Sim, K. S., Singh, B. K., Singh, C. P., Singh, V., Slunečka, M., Smith, K. L., Soltz, R. A., Sondheim, W. E., Sorensen, S. P., Sourikova, I. V., Stankus, P. W., Stenlund, E., Stepanov, M., Ster, A., Stoll, S. P., Sugitate, T., Sukhanov, A., Sun, J., Sun, Z., Sziklai, J., Takagui, E. M., Takahara, A., Taketani, A., Tanaka, Y., Taneja, S., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M. J., Tarafdar, S., Taranenko, A., Tennant, E., Themann, H., Todoroki, T., Tomášek, L., Tomášek, M., Torii, H., Towell, R. S., Tserruya, I., Tsuchimoto, Y., Tsuji, T., Ujvari, B., Vale, C., van Hecke, H. W., Vargyas, M., Vazquez-Zambrano, E., Veicht, A., Velkovska, J., Virius, M., Vossen, A., Vrba, V., Vznuzdaev, E., Vértesi, R., Wang, X. R., Watanabe, D., Watanabe, K., Watanabe, Y., Watanabe, Y. S., Wei, F., Wei, R., White, S. N., Winter, D., Wolin, S., Woody, C. L., Wysocki, M., Xia, B., Yamaguchi, Y. L., Yang, R., Yanovich, A., Ying, J., Yokkaichi, S., Younus, I., You, Z., Yushmanov, I. E., Zajc, W. A., and Zelenski, A.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The PHENIX experiment measured the centrality dependence of two-pion Bose-Einstein correlation functions in $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$~GeV Au$+$Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The data are well represented by L\'evy-stable source distributions. The extracted source parameters are the correlation-strength parameter $\lambda$, the L\'evy index of stability $\alpha$, and the L\'evy-scale parameter $R$ as a function of transverse mass $m_T$ and centrality. The $\lambda(m_T)$ parameter is constant at larger values of $m_T$, but decreases as $m_T$ decreases. The L\'evy scale parameter $R(m_T)$ decreases with $m_T$ and exhibits proportionality to the length scale of the nuclear overlap region. The L\'evy exponent $\alpha(m_T)$ is independent of $m_T$ within uncertainties in each investigated centrality bin, but shows a clear centrality dependence. At all centralities, the L\'evy exponent $\alpha$ is significantly different from that of Gaussian ($\alpha=2$) or Cauchy ($\alpha=1$) source distributions. Comparisons to the predictions of Monte-Carlo simulations of resonance-decay chains show that in all but the most peripheral centrality class (50%-60%), the obtained results are inconsistent with the measurements, unless a significant reduction of the in-medium mass of the $\eta'$ meson is included. In each centrality class, the best value of the in-medium $\eta'$ mass is compared to the mass of the $\eta$ meson, as well as to several theoretical predictions that consider restoration of $U_A(1)$ symmetry in hot hadronic matter., Comment: 401 authors from 75 institutions, 20 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables. v1 is version submitted to Physical Review C. HEPdata tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.html
Published: 2024

25. High-resolution imaging of the evolving bipolar outflows in symbiotic novae: the case of RSOphiuchi 2021 nova outburst

Author: Lico, R., Giroletti, M., Munari, U., O'Brien, T. J., Marcote, B., Williams, D. R. A., Yang, J., Veres, P., and Woudt, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: The recurrent and symbiotic nova RS Ophiuchi (RSOph) underwent a new outburst phase during August 2021, about 15 years after the last event occurred in 2006. This represents the first nova event ever detected at very-high energies (VHE, E>100\,GeV), and a whole set of coordinated multi-wavelength observations were triggered. The main goals of this work are to characterize the evolving morphology of the expanding bipolar ejecta with high accuracy and determine the physical conditions of the surrounding medium in which they propagate. By means of high-resolution very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) radio observations, we monitored RSOph with the European VLBI Network (EVN) and e-MERLIN at 1.6 and 5\,GHz during multiple epochs from 14 to 65 days after the explosion. We reveal an evolving source structure, consisting of a central and compact core and two elongated bipolar outflows, expanding on opposite sides from the core in east-west direction. The ejecta angular separation with time is consistent with a linear expansion with an average speed of $\sim7000$ km s$^{-1}$. We find clear evidence of a radial dependence of the density along the density enhancement on the orbital plane (DEOP), going from 1.1$\times$10$^7$ ~cm$^{-3}$ close to the central binary to 3.8$\times$10$^5$~cm$^{-3}$ at $\sim175$~AU. Thanks to the accurate source astrometric position provided by Gaia DR3, in this work we draw a detailed scenario of the geometry and physics of the RSOph evolving source structure after the most recent nova event. We conclude that most of the mass lost by the red giant companion goes in the DEOP, for which we estimate a total mass of $4.3 \times 10^{-6} ~\mathrm{M_\odot}$, and in the circumstellar region, while only a small fraction (about one-tenth) is accreted by the white dwarf., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2024

26. Composable Interventions for Language Models

Author: Kolbeinsson, Arinbjorn, O'Brien, Kyle, Huang, Tianjin, Gao, Shanghua, Liu, Shiwei, Schwarz, Jonathan Richard, Vaidya, Anurag, Mahmood, Faisal, Zitnik, Marinka, Chen, Tianlong, and Hartvigsen, Thomas
Subjects: Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract: Test-time interventions for language models can enhance factual accuracy, mitigate harmful outputs, and improve model efficiency without costly retraining. But despite a flood of new methods, different types of interventions are largely developing independently. In practice, multiple interventions must be applied sequentially to the same model, yet we lack standardized ways to study how interventions interact. We fill this gap by introducing composable interventions, a framework to study the effects of using multiple interventions on the same language models, featuring new metrics and a unified codebase. Using our framework, we conduct extensive experiments and compose popular methods from three emerging intervention categories -- Knowledge Editing, Model Compression, and Machine Unlearning. Our results from 310 different compositions uncover meaningful interactions: compression hinders editing and unlearning, composing interventions hinges on their order of application, and popular general-purpose metrics are inadequate for assessing composability. Taken together, our findings showcase clear gaps in composability, suggesting a need for new multi-objective interventions. All of our code is public: https://github.com/hartvigsen-group/composable-interventions.
Published: 2024

27. Question-Analysis Prompting Improves LLM Performance in Reasoning Tasks

Author: Yugeswardeenoo, Dharunish, Zhu, Kevin, and O'Brien, Sean
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract: Although LLMs have the potential to transform many fields, they still underperform humans in reasoning tasks. Existing methods induce the model to produce step-by-step calculations, but this research explores the question: Does making the LLM analyze the question improve its performance? We propose a novel prompting strategy called Question Analysis Prompting (QAP), in which the model is prompted to explain the question in $n$ words before solving. The value of $n$ influences the length of response generated by the model. QAP is evaluated on GPT 3.5 Turbo and GPT 4 Turbo on arithmetic datasets GSM8K, AQuA, and SAT and commonsense dataset StrategyQA. QAP is compared with other state-of-the-art prompts including Chain-of-Thought (CoT), Plan and Solve Prompting (PS+) and Take A Deep Breath (TADB). QAP outperforms all state-of-the-art prompts on AQuA and SAT datasets on both GPT3.5 and GPT4. QAP consistently ranks among the top-2 prompts on 75\% of the tests. A key factor of QAP performance can be attributed to response length, where detailed responses are beneficial when answering harder questions, but can negatively affect easy questions., Comment: Accepted in Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Student Research Workshop (ACL-SRW 2024) 11 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2024

28. Chain-of-Thought Augmentation with Logit Contrast for Enhanced Reasoning in Language Models

Author: Shim, Jay, Kruttschnitt, Grant, Ma, Alyssa, Kim, Daniel, Chek, Benjamin, Anand, Athul, Zhu, Kevin, and O'Brien, Sean
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract: Rapidly increasing model scales coupled with steering methods such as chain-of-thought prompting have led to drastic improvements in language model reasoning. At the same time, models struggle with compositional generalization and are far from human performance on many reasoning-based benchmarks. Leveraging the success of chain-of-thought prompting, and also taking inspiration from context-aware decoding (CAD), we explore input-based contrasting methods to further encourage the type of reasoning induced by chain-of-thought prompting. While work remains to stabilize these results across datasets and models, the improvements we find warrant further investigation into input-based steering methods for context-aware reasoning.
Published: 2024

29. The DBL Survey I: discovery of 34 double-lined double white dwarf binaries

Author: Munday, James, Pelisoli, Ingrid, Tremblay, P. E., Marsh, T. R., Nelemans, Gijs, Bédard, Antoine, Toonen, Silvia, Breedt, Elmé, Cunningham, Tim, O'Brien, Mairi W., and Dawson, Harry
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the first discoveries of the double-lined double white dwarf (DBL) survey that targets over-luminous sources with respect to the canonical white dwarf cooling sequence according to a set of well-defined criteria. The primary goal of the DBL survey is to identify compact double white dwarf binary star systems from a unique spectral detection of both stars, which then enables a precise quantification of the atmospheric parameters and radial velocity variability of a system. Our search of 117 candidates that were randomly selected from a magnitude limited sample of 399 yielded a 29% detection efficiency with 34 systems exhibiting a double-lined signature. A further 38 systems show strong evidence of being single-lined or potentially-double-lined double white dwarf binaries and 7 single-lined sources from the full observed sample are radial velocity variable. The 45 remaining candidates appear as a single WD with no companion or a non-DA white dwarf, bringing the efficiency of detecting binaries to 62%. Atmospheric fitting of all double-lined systems reveals a large fraction that have two similar mass components that combine to a total mass of 1.0-1.3 solar masses - a class of double white dwarf binaries that may undergo a sub-Chandrasekhar mass type Ia detonation or merge to form a massive O/Ne WD, although orbital periods are required to infer on which timescales. One double-lined system located 49pc away, WDJ181058.67+311940.94, is super-Chandrasekhar mass, making it the second such double white dwarf binary to be discovered., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 17 pages (plus 5 pages in the appendix). 12 figures
Published: 2024

30. Optimal Control of a Power Storage Facility with Variable Payoffs

Author: O'Brien, Fraser J W and Johnson, Timothy C
Subjects: Mathematics - Optimization and Control, 49K45
Abstract: We present a methodology for determining the relationship between the optimal control points of a power storage facility and a number of different factors including storage level and temperature. The interaction between different factors is considered to allow for the identification of a precise optimal control strategy to maximise the profits of a power storage facility under a variety of different conditions. The methodology is based upon traditional stochastic techniques, however by working directly with excess demand data is model independent and does not require identification of the underlying process., Comment: 32 pages, 7 figures, submission for International Conference on Scientific Computation and Differential Equations (2024); typos corrected
Published: 2024

31. Coordinated Disclosure of Dual-Use Capabilities: An Early Warning System for Advanced AI

Author: O'Brien, Joe, Ee, Shaun, Kraprayoon, Jam, Anderson-Samways, Bill, Delaney, Oscar, and Williams, Zoe
Subjects: Computer Science - Computers and Society, K.4
Abstract: Advanced AI systems may be developed which exhibit capabilities that present significant risks to public safety or security. They may also exhibit capabilities that may be applied defensively in a wide set of domains, including (but not limited to) developing societal resilience against AI threats. We propose Coordinated Disclosure of Dual-Use Capabilities (CDDC) as a process to guide early information-sharing between advanced AI developers, US government agencies, and other private sector actors about these capabilities. The process centers around an information clearinghouse (the "coordinator") which receives evidence of dual-use capabilities from finders via mandatory and/or voluntary reporting pathways, and passes noteworthy reports to defenders for follow-up (i.e., further analysis and response). This aims to provide the US government, dual-use foundation model developers, and other actors with an overview of AI capabilities that could significantly impact public safety and security, as well as maximal time to respond., Comment: 76 pages
Published: 2024

32. The Role of Lived Experience Eye Care Champions in Improving Awareness and Access to Eye Care Services for People with Learning Disabilities and/or Autism

Author: Marek Karas, Donna O'Brien, Lance Campbell, Rebecca Lunness, Joanne Kennedy, Grace McGill, Stephen Kill, and Lisa Donaldson
Abstract: Background: Documented inequalities in access to eye care for people with learning disabilities and/or autism are caused by poor uptake of primary eye care services, poor identification of eye problems, lack of signposting and reasonable adjustments of existing services, concerns about costs of care and the low priority historically given to these issues in eye care policy at a regional and national level. In 2019, the charity SeeAbility employed four eye care champions (ECCs) with lived experience of learning disability and/or autism to work in local communities in London and the Northwest of England. They provided peer-to-peer support on understanding the need for good eye health and engaged with policy makers, and learning disability, autism and eye care professionals at the local, regional and national levels to influence both the clinical practice of individual practitioners (within existing service/pathway models) and more widely to influence the commissioning of the Easy Eye Care pathway. This study explores the experiences of these ECCs. Methods: The study was conducted in April and May 2023. A case study approach was used to describe the experiences of the ECCs from March 2019 to March 2023. Data from structured interviews with the four ECCs and workload analysis were triangulated to provide a multifaceted understanding of this novel health promotion project. Findings: The ECCs found the role useful and reported that confidence in their practice and impact grew with time but they required ongoing support in the role. A good understanding of the promotional messages was reported. Developing a good network of contacts at an early stage, both people with learning disabilities and healthcare professionals, was key. Relationships with professionals were supportive and positive and a positive emotive response to their lived experience was reported in these interactions. Conclusions: From the perspective of the ECCs, the role is useful and beneficial. The work suggests some key recommendations for future development which include planning to build networks, support in presentation and communications skills and defining key messages and knowledge. Confidence of the ECCs builds with time in the role but also needs support the emotive impact of their lived experiences on audiences is highlighted. There is a need to evaluate how the programme is perceived by those who interact with it and how it changes behaviours which leads to better health outcomes.
Published: 2024
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33. Early Childhood Special Education Teacher Candidates' Field Experiences: A Systematic Review

Author: Katherine Szocik, Kristen Merrill O'Brien, Sarah A. Nagro, and Margaret A. Gerry
Abstract: The purpose of this systematic literature review was to understand trends in field experiences that were part of early childhood special education (ECSE) teacher preparation activities in the United States. Thirteen studies that included an analysis of ECSE teacher candidates (TCs) completing at least one field experience, including coursework-based practicums or student teaching internships, were published between 2013 and 2022 and reviewed. Specifically, we examined the demographics of TCs and student participants to understand who was included in this research. Field experience parameters including setting, duration, instructional approach, and instructional focus were reviewed to draw comparisons between the various approaches to structuring TCs' early teaching opportunities. Finally, specific learning activities and feedback opportunities within field experiences, as well as TC and student outcomes of the studies, were explored to determine current trends and findings. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Published: 2024
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34. Niamh

Author: O'Brien, Red Aubrey
Subjects: music, sheet music, string quartet, flute solo, flute, flutist, violin, viola, cello, contrabass, double bass
Abstract: This music score was submitted for Resonate 2024: An Open Access Call for Scores by the UCLA Music Library.
Published: 2024

35. Whither China?

Author: O'Brien, Kevin
Subjects: Policy and Administration, Political Science, Archaeology, Policy and administration, Political science
Published: 2024

36. Governance for Earth system tipping points – A research agenda

Author: Milkoreit, Manjana, Boyd, Emily, Constantino, Sara M, Hausner, Vera Helene, Hessen, Dag O, Kääb, Andreas, McLaren, Duncan, Nadeau, Christina, O'Brien, Karen, Parmentier, Frans-Jan, Rotbarth, Ronny, Rødven, Rolf, Treichler, Désirée, Wilson-Rowe, Elana, and Yamineva, Yulia
Subjects: Policy and Administration, Human Society, Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, Earth system, Tipping points, Global governance, Research agenda, Principles, Institutions
Published: 2024

37. How Do Climate Model Resolution and Atmospheric Moisture Affect the Simulation of Unprecedented Extreme Events Like the 2021 Western North American Heat Wave?

Author: Liu, Xue, Saravanan, Ramalingam, Fu, Dan, Chang, Ping, Patricola, Christina M, and O’Brien, Travis A
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate Change, Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions, Climate Action, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract: Although the 2021 Western North America (WNA) heat wave was predicted by weather forecast models, questions remain about whether such strong events can be simulated by global climate models (GCMs) at different model resolutions. Here, we analyze sets of GCM simulations including historical and future periods to check for the occurrence of similar events. High- and low-resolution simulations both encounter challenges in reproducing events as extreme as the observed one, particularly under the present climate. Relatively stronger amplitudes are observed during the future periods. Furthermore, high- and low-resolution short initialized GCM simulations are both able to reasonably predict such strong events and their associated high-pressure ridge over the WNA with a 1 week forecast lead time. Moisture sensitivity experiments further indicate a drier atmospheric moisture condition results in substantially higher near-surface temperatures in the simulated heat events.
Published: 2024

38. Behavior-Centered Design for Sustainable Fisheries Management:Participatory Approaches to Supporting the Adoption of NewConservation Measures

Author: O'Brien, Sydney
Subjects: Behavior-Centered Design, Community-Based Social Marketing, Ocean Management, Fisheries Management, Guidebook, Sustainability, Human Behavior, Psychology, Fishers, Participatory Processes, Community-Based Conservation
Abstract: Island communities, which rely on marine resources, are increasingly facing risks such as global climate change and overfishing, leading to lowered catch rates and biodiversity loss. This not only threatens ecosystems, but livelihoods as well; thus, sustainable ocean and fisheries management actions are critical in maintaining habitat integrity and increasing fish populations. Developing legal policy and restoring habitats are two important sustainability actions; however, these methods do not always ensure community buy-in or acceptance. A growing field in resource management involves the use of Behavior-Centered Design (BCD) and Community-Based Social Marketing (CBSM) to improve community involvement and adoption of management measures, working with communities to encourage behaviors that promote the sustainable use of ocean resources. BCD and CBSM combine how humans make decisions with steps to design programs to improve inclusion and collaboration, and enhance impact such as to increase successful adoption and implementation of conservation policies. It has been proven to be an effective tool, accelerating community support of sustainability initiatives. This project created a guidebook centered around implementing these behavioral approaches in the context of ocean and fisheries management, created with guidance from personale at the Waitt Institute, the Blue Azores Program, and the University of California San Diego. It will support conservation managers in their initiatives and outreach with communities by providing an easy-to-understand framework and knowledge base focused on behavioral approaches. The guide includes aspects such as successes and lessons learned in BCD throughout the industry, ethics and social justice,and strategies for implementation and testing for success. It presents a case study of São Miguel Island, a community with a rich culture of sustainability throughout history, as well as in current fisheries and ecosystem conservation programs. The island is in the Azores archipelago, an autonomous region located about 1000 miles off the coast of Portugal. A supplemental ArcGIS StoryMap web page was created to highlight the rich marine-based culture of communities on São, Miguel Island. The guide will act as a resource that can support marine managers in their initiatives, improving inclusion, equity, and increasing the chances of effecting long-term change.Please see media created for this project here: https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/a9faa311e62640a5b830b679cb80bb88
Published: 2024

39. Fast X-ray/IR observations of the black hole transient Swift~J1753.5--0127: from an IR lead to a very long jet lag

Author: Ulgiati, Alberto, Vincentelli, Federico Maria, Casella, Piergiorgio, Veledina, Alexandra, Maccarone, Thomas, Russell, David, Uttley, Phil, Ambrosino, Filippo, Baglio, Maria Cristina, Imbrogno, Matteo, Melandri, Andrea, Motta, Sara Elisa, O'Brien, Kiran, Sanna, Andrea, Shahbaz, Tariq, Altamirano, Diego, Fender, Rob, Maitra, Dipankar, and Malzac, Julien
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We report on two epochs of simultaneous near-infrared (IR) and X-ray observations with a sub-second time resolution of the low mass X-ray binary black hole candidate Swift J1753.5--0127 during its long 2005--2016 outburst. Data were collected strictly simultaneously with VLT/ISAAC (K$_{S}$ band, 2.2 $\mu m$) and RXTE (2-15 keV) or \textit{XMM-Newton} (0.7-10 keV). A clear correlation between the X-ray and the IR variable emission is found during both epochs but with very different properties. In the first epoch, the near-IR variability leads the X-ray by $ \sim 130 \, ms$. This is the opposite of what is usually observed in similar systems. The correlation is more complex in the second epoch, with both anti-correlation and correlations at negative and positive lags. Frequency-resolved Fourier analysis allows us to identify two main components in the complex structure of the phase lags: the first component, characterised by a few seconds near-IR lag at low frequencies, is consistent with a combination of disc reprocessing and a magnetised hot flow; the second component is identified at high frequencies by a near-IR lag of $\approx$0.7 s. Given the similarities of this second component with the well-known constant optical/near-IR jet lag observed in other black hole transients, we tentatively interpret this feature as a signature of a longer-than-usual jet lag. We discuss the possible implications of measuring such a long jet lag in a radio-quiet black hole transient., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2024

40. Links Between Optical and X-ray Light in Cygnus X-2

Author: Igl, Alexander B., Hynes, R. I., O'Brien, K. S., Robinson, E. L., and Britt, C. T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We observed the low mass X-ray binary Cyg X-2 for a total of 18 nights over two observing runs in July and September of 2006, using the Otto Struve Telescope at McDonald Observatory and the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. Using discrete cross correlations, we found peaks occurring at near-zero lags in the flaring branch of the colour-colour diagram, which could signify reprocessing, in addition to an anti-correlation within the normal branch. When comparing optical flux to the system's placement on the Z track, two distinct behaviors were seen: (1) a state with no correlation, and (2) a multi-valued (horizontal and normal branches)/correlated (flaring branch) state. The correlation was the result of direct steps and more gradual falls to and from the flaring branch respectively. Finally, we modeled timed spectra with 64 second bins with an extended accretion disc corona model. We found that correlations occurred between the optical and the various fitted parameters, particularly the blackbody normalization (and blackbody radius by extension) in higher intensity regions. Despite this, the Z track location was found to be a far better predictor of physical parameters than the optical flux, with clean correlations seen in every branch of the Z track. Where optical correlations are found, the location on the Z track was a better predictor of optical flux than any individual physical parameter., Comment: 19 pages, MNRAS in press
Published: 2024
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41. Recite, Reconstruct, Recollect: Memorization in LMs as a Multifaceted Phenomenon

Author: Prashanth, USVSN Sai, Deng, Alvin, O'Brien, Kyle, S V, Jyothir, Khan, Mohammad Aflah, Borkar, Jaydeep, Choquette-Choo, Christopher A., Fuehne, Jacob Ray, Biderman, Stella, Ke, Tracy, Lee, Katherine, and Saphra, Naomi
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: Memorization in language models is typically treated as a homogenous phenomenon, neglecting the specifics of the memorized data. We instead model memorization as the effect of a set of complex factors that describe each sample and relate it to the model and corpus. To build intuition around these factors, we break memorization down into a taxonomy: recitation of highly duplicated sequences, reconstruction of inherently predictable sequences, and recollection of sequences that are neither. We demonstrate the usefulness of our taxonomy by using it to construct a predictive model for memorization. By analyzing dependencies and inspecting the weights of the predictive model, we find that different factors influence the likelihood of memorization differently depending on the taxonomic category.
Published: 2024

42. J-PLUS: The fraction of calcium white dwarfs along the cooling sequence

Author: López-Sanjuan, C., Tremblay, P. -E., O'Brien, M. W., Spinoso, D., Ederoclite, A., Ramió, H. Vázquez, Cenarro, A. J., Marín-Franch, A., Civera, T., Carrasco, J. M., Gänsicke, B. T., Fusillo, N. P. Gentile, Hernán-Caballero, A., Hollands, M. A., del Pino, A., Sánchez, H. Domínguez, Fernández-Ontiveros, J. A., Jiménez-Esteban, F. M., Rebassa-Mansergas, A., Schmidtobreick, L., Angulo, R. E., Cristòbal-Hornillos, D., Dupke, R. A., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Moles, M., Sodré Jr., L., and Varela, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We used the Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS) DR2 photometry in twelve optical bands over 2176 deg2 to estimate the fraction of white dwarfs with presence of CaII H+K absorption along the cooling sequence. We compared the J-PLUS photometry against metal-free theoretical models to estimate the equivalent width in the J0395 passband of 10 nm centered at 395 nm (EW_J0395), a proxy to detect calcium absorption. A total of 4399 white dwarfs within 30000 > Teff > 5500 K and mass M > 0.45 Msun were analyzed. Their EW_J0395 distribution was modeled using two populations, corresponding to polluted and non-polluted systems, to estimate the fraction of calcium white dwarfs (f_Ca) as a function of Teff. The probability for each individual white dwarf of presenting calcium absorption, pca, was also computed. The comparison with both the measured Ca/He abundance and the metal pollution from spectroscopy shows that EW_J0395 correlates with the presence of calcium. The fraction of calcium white dwarfs increases from f_Ca = 0 at Teff = 13500 K to f_Ca = 0.15 at Teff = 5500 K. We compare our results with the fractions derived from the 40 pc spectroscopic sample and from SDSS spectra. The trend found in J-PLUS observations is also present in the 40 pc sample, however SDSS shows a deficit of metal-polluted objects at Teff < 12000 K. Finally, we found 39 white dwarfs with pca > 0.99. Twenty of them have spectra presented in previous studies, whereas we observed six additional targets. These 26 objects were all confirmed as metal-polluted systems. The J-PLUS optical data provide a robust statistical measurement for the presence of CaII H+K absorption in white dwarfs. We find a 15 +- 3 % increase in the fraction of calcium white dwarfs from Teff = 13500 K to 5500 K, which reflects their selection function in the optical from the total population of metal-polluted systems., Comment: Submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics. Comments are welcome
Published: 2024

43. Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU): Observations of Filamentary Structures in the Abell S1136 Galaxy Cluster

Author: Macgregor, Peter. J., Norris, Ray P., O'Brien, Andrew, Akhlaghi, Mohammad, Anderson, Craig, Collier, Jordan D., Crawford, Evan J., Duchesne, Stefan W., Filipović, Miroslav D., Koribalski, Bärbel S., Pacaud, Florian, Reiprich, Thomas H., Riseley, Christopher J., Rudnick, Lawrence, Vernstrom, Tessa, Hopkins, Andrew. M., Johnston-Hollitt, Melanie, Marvil, Josh, Whiting, Matthew, and Tingay, Steven
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We present radio observations of the galaxy cluster Abell S1136 at 888 MHz, using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder radio telescope, as part of the Evolutionary Map of the Universe Early Science program. We compare these findings with data from the Murchison Widefield Array, XMM-Newton, the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, the Digitised Sky Survey, and the Australia Telescope Compact Array. Our analysis shows the X-ray and radio emission in Abell S1136 are closely aligned and centered on the BCG, while the X-ray temperature profile shows a relaxed cluster with no evidence of a cool core. We find that the diffuse radio emission in the centre of the cluster shows more structure than seen in previous low-resolution observations of this source, which appeared formerly as an amorphous radio blob, similar in appearance to a radio halo; our observations show the diffuse emission in the Abell S1136 galaxy cluster contains three narrow filamentary structures visible at 888 MHz, between$\sim 80$ and 140 kpc in length; however the properties of the diffuse emission do not fully match that of a radio (mini-)halo or (fossil) tailed radio source., Comment: To appear in PASA
Published: 2024
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44. Jet modification via $\pi^0$-hadron correlations in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV

Author: PHENIX Collaboration, Abdulameer, N. J., Acharya, U., Adare, A., Afanasiev, S., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N. N., Akiba, Y., Al-Bataineh, H., Alexander, J., Alfred, M., Aoki, K., Apadula, N., Aphecetche, L., Asai, J., Asano, H., Atomssa, E. T., Averbeck, R., Awes, T. C., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Bai, M., Baksay, G., Baksay, L., Baldisseri, A., Bandara, N. S., Bannier, B., Barish, K. N., Barnes, P. D., Bassalleck, B., Basye, A. T., Bathe, S., Batsouli, S., Baublis, V., Baumann, C., Bazilevsky, A., Beaumier, M., Beckman, S., Belikov, S., Belmont, R., Bennett, R., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Bichon, L., Bickley, A. A., Blankenship, B., Blau, D. S., Boissevain, J. G., Bok, J. S., Borel, H., Borisov, V., Boyle, K., Brooks, M. L., Bryslawskyj, J., Buesching, H., Bumazhnov, V., Bunce, G., Butsyk, S., Camacho, C. M., Campbell, S., Chang, B. S., Chang, W. C., Charvet, J. L., Chen, C. -H., Chen, D., Chernichenko, S., Chiu, M., Chi, C. Y., Choi, I. J., Choi, J. B., Choudhury, R. K., Chujo, T., Chung, P., Churyn, A., Cianciolo, V., Citron, Z., Cole, B. A., Connors, M., Constantin, P., Corliss, R., Csanád, M., Csörgő, T., d'Enterria, D., Dahms, T., Dairaku, S., Danley, T. W., Das, K., Datta, A., Daugherity, M. S., David, G., DeBlasio, K., Dehmelt, K., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E. J., Dietzsch, O., Dion, A., Diss, P. B., Donadelli, M., Doomra, V., Do, J. H., Drapier, O., Drees, A., Drees, K. A., Dubey, A. K., Durham, J. M., Durum, A., Dutta, D., Dzhordzhadze, V., Efremenko, Y. V., Ellinghaus, F., En'yo, H., Engelmore, T., Enokizono, A., Esha, R., Eyser, K. O., Fadem, B., Feege, N., Fields, D. E., Finger, Jr., M., Finger, M., Firak, D., Fitzgerald, D., Fleuret, F., Fokin, S. L., Fraenkel, Z., Frantz, J. E., Franz, A., Frawley, A. D., Fujiwara, K., Fukao, Y., Fusayasu, T., Gallus, P., Gal, C., Garg, P., Garishvili, I., Ge, H., Giordano, F., Glenn, A., Gong, H., Gonin, M., Gosset, J., Goto, Y., de Cassagnac, R. Granier, Grau, N., Greene, S. V., Perdekamp, M. Grosse, Gunji, T., Guo, T., Gustafsson, H. -Å., Hachiya, T., Henni, A. Hadj, Haggerty, J. S., Hahn, K. I., Hamagaki, H., Hamilton, H. F., Hanks, J., Han, R., Han, S. Y., Hartouni, E. P., Haruna, K., Hasegawa, S., Haseler, T. O. S., Hashimoto, K., Haslum, E., Hayano, R., Heffner, M., Hemmick, T. K., Hester, T., He, X., Hill, J. C., Hodges, A., Hohlmann, M., Hollis, R. S., Holzmann, W., Homma, K., Hong, B., Horaguchi, T., Hornback, D., Hoshino, T., Hotvedt, N., Huang, J., Ichihara, T., Ichimiya, R., Iinuma, H., Ikeda, Y., Imai, K., Imrek, J., Inaba, M., Iordanova, A., Isenhower, D., Ishihara, M., Isobe, T., Issah, M., Isupov, A., Ivanishchev, D., Jacak, B. V., Jezghani, M., Jiang, X., Jin, J., Ji, Z., Johnson, B. M., Joo, K. S., Jouan, D., Jumper, D. S., Kajihara, F., Kametani, S., Kamihara, N., Kamin, J., Kanda, S., Kang, J. H., Kapustinsky, J., Kawall, D., Kazantsev, A. V., Kempel, T., Key, J. A., Khachatryan, V., Khanzadeev, A., Kijima, K. M., Kikuchi, J., Kimelman, B., Kim, B. I., Kim, C., Kim, D. H., Kim, D. J., Kim, E., Kim, E. -J., Kim, G. W., Kim, M., Kim, S. H., Kinney, E., Kiriluk, K., Kiss, Á., Kistenev, E., Kitamura, R., Klatsky, J., Klay, J., Klein-Boesing, C., Kleinjan, D., Kline, P., Koblesky, T., Kochenda, L., Komkov, B., Konno, M., Koster, J., Kotov, D., Kovacs, L., Kozlov, A., Kravitz, A., Král, A., Kunde, G. J., Kurgyis, B., Kurita, K., Kurosawa, M., Kweon, M. J., Kwon, Y., Kyle, G. S., Lai, Y. S., Lajoie, J. G., Layton, D., Lebedev, A., Lee, D. M., Lee, K. B., Lee, S., Lee, S. H., Lee, T., Leitch, M. J., Leite, M. A. L., Lenzi, B., Liebing, P., Lim, S. H., Litvinenko, A., Liu, H., Liu, M. X., Liška, T., Li, X., Lokos, S., Loomis, D. A., Love, B., Lynch, D., Maguire, C. F., Makdisi, Y. I., Makek, M., Malakhov, A., Malik, M. D., Manion, A., Manko, V. I., Mannel, E., Mao, Y., Masui, H., Matathias, F., Mašek, L., McCumber, M., McGaughey, P. L., McGlinchey, D., McKinney, C., Means, N., Meles, A., Mendoza, M., Meredith, B., Miake, Y., Mignerey, A. C., Mikeš, P., Miki, K., Milov, A., Mishra, D. K., Mishra, M., Mitchell, J. T., Mitrankova, M., Mitrankov, Iu., Miyasaka, S., Mizuno, S., Mohanty, A. K., Montuenga, P., Moon, T., Morino, Y., Morreale, A., Morrison, D. P., Moukhanova, T. V., Mukhopadhyay, D., Mulilo, B., Murakami, T., Murata, J., Mwai, A., Nagamiya, S., Nagashima, K., Nagle, J. L., Naglis, M., Nagy, M. I., Nakagawa, I., Nakagomi, H., Nakamiya, Y., Nakamura, T., Nakano, K., Nattrass, C., Netrakanti, P. K., Newby, J., Nguyen, M., Niida, T., Nishimura, S., Nouicer, R., Novitzky, N., Novák, T., Nukazuka, G., Nyanin, A. S., O'Brien, E., Oda, S. X., Ogilvie, C. A., Okada, K., Oka, M., Onuki, Y., Koop, J. D. Orjuela, Orosz, M., Osborn, J. D., Oskarsson, A., Ouchida, M., Ozawa, K., Pak, R., Palounek, A. P. T., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, J., Park, J. S., Park, S., Park, W. J., Patel, M., Pate, S. F., Pei, H., Peng, J. -C., Pereira, H., Perepelitsa, D. V., Perera, G. D. N., Peresedov, V., Peressounko, D. Yu., Perry, J., Petti, R., Pinkenburg, C., Pinson, R., Pisani, R. P., Potekhin, M., Purschke, M. L., Purwar, A. K., Qu, H., Rakotozafindrabe, A., Rak, J., Ramson, B. J., Ravinovich, I., Read, K. F., Rembeczki, S., Reygers, K., Reynolds, D., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Richford, D., Rinn, T., Roach, D., Roche, G., Rolnick, S. D., Rosati, M., Rosendahl, S. S. E., Rosnet, P., Rowan, Z., Rubin, J. G., Rukoyatkin, P., Ružička, P., Rykov, V. L., Sahlmueller, B., Saito, N., Sakaguchi, T., Sakai, S., Sakashita, K., Sako, H., Samsonov, V., Sarsour, M., Sato, S., Sato, T., Sawada, S., Schaefer, B., Schmoll, B. K., Sedgwick, K., Seele, J., Seidl, R., Semenov, A. Yu., Semenov, V., Sen, A., Seto, R., Sett, P., Sexton, A., Sharma, D., Shein, I., Shibata, T. -A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shoji, K., Shukla, P., Sickles, A., Silva, C. L., Silvermyr, D., Silvestre, C., Sim, K. S., Singh, B. K., Singh, C. P., Singh, V., Slunečka, M., Smith, K. L., Snowball, M., Soldatov, A., Soltz, R. A., Sondheim, W. E., Sorensen, S. P., Sourikova, I. V., Staley, F., Stankus, P. W., Stenlund, E., Stepanov, M., Ster, A., Stoll, S. P., Sugitate, T., Suire, C., Sukhanov, A., Sumita, T., Sun, J., Sun, Z., Sziklai, J., Takagui, E. M., Taketani, A., Tanabe, R., Tanaka, Y., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M. J., Tarafdar, S., Taranenko, A., Tarján, P., Themann, H., Thomas, T. L., Tieulent, R., Timilsina, A., Todoroki, T., Togawa, M., Toia, A., Tomita, Y., Tomášek, L., Tomášek, M., Torii, H., Towell, C. L., Towell, R., Towell, R. S., Tram, V-N., Tserruya, I., Tsuchimoto, Y., Ujvari, B., Vale, C., Valle, H., van Hecke, H. W., Veicht, A., Velkovska, J., Vinogradov, A. A., Virius, M., Vrba, V., Vznuzdaev, E., Vértesi, R., Wang, X. R., Watanabe, Y., Watanabe, Y. S., Wei, F., Wessels, J., White, A. S., White, S. N., Winter, D., Woody, C. L., Wysocki, M., Xia, B., Xie, W., Xue, L., Yalcin, S., Yamaguchi, Y. L., Yamaura, K., Yang, R., Yanovich, A., Ying, J., Yokkaichi, S., Yoon, I., Yoo, J. H., Young, G. R., Younus, I., Yushmanov, I. E., Yu, H., Zajc, W. A., Zaudtke, O., Zelenski, A., Zhang, C., Zhou, S., Zolin, L., and Zou, L.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: High-momentum two-particle correlations are a useful tool for studying jet-quenching effects in the quark-gluon plasma. Angular correlations between neutral-pion triggers and charged hadrons with transverse momenta in the range 4--12~GeV/$c$ and 0.5--7~GeV/$c$, respectively, have been measured by the PHENIX experiment in 2014 for Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$~GeV. Suppression is observed in the yield of high-momentum jet fragments opposite the trigger particle, which indicates jet suppression stemming from in-medium partonic energy loss, while enhancement is observed for low-momentum particles. The ratio and differences between the yield in Au$+$Au collisions and $p$$+$$p$ collisions, $I_{AA}$ and $\Delta_{AA}$, as a function of the trigger-hadron azimuthal separation, $\Delta\phi$, are measured for the first time at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. These results better quantify how the yield of low-$p_T$ associated hadrons is enhanced at wide angle, which is crucial for studying energy loss as well as medium-response effects., Comment: 534 authors from 83 institutions, 12 pages, 7 figures. v1 is version submitted to Physical Review C. HEPdata tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.html
Published: 2024

45. $\textit{Kilonova Seekers}$: the GOTO project for real-time citizen science in time-domain astrophysics

Author: Killestein, T. L., Kelsey, L., Wickens, E., Nuttall, L., Lyman, J., Krawczyk, C., Ackley, K., Dyer, M. J., Jiménez-Ibarra, F., Ulaczyk, K., O'Neill, D., Kumar, A., Steeghs, D., Galloway, D. K., Dhillon, V. S., O'Brien, P., Ramsay, G., Noysena, K., Kotak, R., Breton, R. P., Pallé, E., Pollacco, D., Awiphan, S., Belkin, S., Chote, P., Clark, P., Coppejans, D., Duffy, C., Eyles-Ferris, R., Godson, B., Gompertz, B., Graur, O., Irawati, P., Jarvis, D., Julakanti, Y., Kennedy, M. R., Kuncarayakti, H., Levan, A., Littlefair, S., Magee, M., Mandhai, S., Sánchez, D. Mata, Mattila, S., McCormac, J., Mullaney, J., Munday, J., Patel, M., Pursiainen, M., Rana, J., Sawangwit, U., Stanway, E., Starling, R., Warwick, B., and Wiersema, K.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Time-domain astrophysics continues to grow rapidly, with the inception of new surveys drastically increasing data volumes. Democratised, distributed approaches to training sets for machine learning classifiers are crucial to make the most of this torrent of discovery -- with citizen science approaches proving effective at meeting these requirements. In this paper, we describe the creation of and the initial results from the $\textit{Kilonova Seekers}$ citizen science project, built to find transient phenomena from the GOTO telescopes in near real-time. $\textit{Kilonova Seekers}$ launched in July 2023 and received over 600,000 classifications from approximately 2,000 volunteers over the course of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA O4a observing run. During this time, the project has yielded 20 discoveries, generated a `gold-standard' training set of 17,682 detections for augmenting deep-learned classifiers, and measured the performance and biases of Zooniverse volunteers on real-bogus classification. This project will continue throughout the lifetime of GOTO, pushing candidates at ever-greater cadence, and directly facilitate the next-generation classification algorithms currently in development., Comment: 20 pages, 15 figures. Accepted in MNRAS
Published: 2024

46. Soft Two-degree-of-freedom Dielectric Elastomer Position Sensor Exhibiting Linear Behavior

Author: Girard, Alexandre, Bigué, Jean-Philippe Lucking, O'Brien, Benjamin M., Gisby, Todd A., Anderson, Iain A., and Plante, Jean-Sébastien
Subjects: Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract: Soft robots could bring robotic systems to new horizons, by enabling safe human-machine interaction. For precise control, these soft structures require high level position feedback that is not easily achieved through conventional one-degree-of-freedom (DOF) sensing apparatus. In this paper, a soft two-DOF dielectric elastomer (DE) sensor is specifically designed to provide accurate position feedback for a soft polymer robotic manipulator. The technology is exemplified on a soft robot intended for MRI-guided prostate interventions. DEs are chosen for their major advantages of softness, high strains, low cost and embedded multiple-DOF sensing capability, providing excellent system integration. A geometrical model of the proposed DE sensor is developed and compared to experimental results in order to understand sensor mechanics. Using a differential measurement approach, a handmade prototype provided linear sensory behavior and 0.2 mm accuracy on two-DOF. This correlates to a 0.7\% error over the sensor's 30 mm x 30 mm planar range, demonstrating the outstanding potential of DE technology for accurate multi-DOF position sensing.
Published: 2024
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47. Groups of singular alternating sign matrices

Author: O'Brien, Cian and Quinlan, Rachel
Subjects: Mathematics - Rings and Algebras, Mathematics - Combinatorics, Mathematics - Group Theory, 15A30, 15B36, 05B20
Abstract: We investigate multiplicative groups consisting entirely of singular alternating sign matrices (ASMs), and present several constructions of such groups. It is shown that every finite group is isomorphic to a group of singular ASMs, with a singular idempotent ASM as its identity element. The relationship between the size, the rank, and the possible multiplicative orders of singular ASMs is explored.
Published: 2024

48. Flux rope modeling of the 2022 Sep 5 CME observed by Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter from 0.07 to 0.69 au

Author: Davies, Emma E., Rüdisser, Hannah T., Amerstorfer, Ute V., Möstl, Christian, Bauer, Maike, Weiler, Eva, Amerstorfer, Tanja, Majumdar, Satabdwa, Hess, Phillip, Weiss, Andreas J., Reiss, Martin A., Green, Lucie M., Long, David M., Nieves-Chinchilla, Teresa, Trotta, Domenico, Horbury, Timothy S., O'Brien, Helen, Fauchon-Jones, Edward, Morris, Jean, Owen, Christopher J., Bale, Stuart D., and Kasper, Justin C.
Subjects: Physics - Space Physics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: As both Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and Solar Orbiter (SolO) reach heliocentric distances closer to the Sun, they present an exciting opportunity to study the structure of CMEs in the inner heliosphere. We present an analysis of the global flux rope structure of the 2022 September 5 CME event that impacted PSP at a heliocentric distance of only 0.07 au and SolO at 0.69 au. We compare in situ measurements at PSP and SolO to determine global and local expansion measures, finding a good agreement between magnetic field relationships with heliocentric distance, but significant differences with respect to flux rope size. We use PSP/WISPR images as input to the ELEvoHI model, providing a direct link between remote and in situ observations; we find a large discrepancy between the resulting modeled arrival times, suggesting that the underlying model assumptions may not be suitable when using data obtained close to the Sun, where the drag regime is markedly different in comparison to larger heliocentric distances. Finally, we fit the SolO/MAG and PSP/FIELDS data independently with the 3DCORE model and find that many parameters are consistent between spacecraft, however, challenges are apparent when reconstructing a global 3D structure that aligns with arrival times at PSP and Solar Orbiter, likely due to the large radial and longitudinal separations between spacecraft. From our model results, it is clear the solar wind background speed and drag regime strongly affect the modeled expansion and propagation of CMEs and need to be taken into consideration.
Published: 2024

49. Interferometric Purcell suppression of spontaneous emission in a superconducting qubit

Author: Yen, Alec, Ye, Yufeng, Peng, Kaidong, Wang, Jennifer, Cunningham, Gregory, Gingras, Michael, Niedzielski, Bethany M., Stickler, Hannah, Serniak, Kyle, Schwartz, Mollie E., and O'Brien, Kevin P.
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: In superconducting qubits, suppression of spontaneous emission is essential to achieve fast dispersive measurement and reset without sacrificing qubit lifetime. We show that resonator-mediated decay of the qubit mode to the feedline can be suppressed using destructive interference, where the readout resonator is coupled to the feedline at two points. This "interferometric Purcell filter" does not require dedicated filter components or impedance mismatch in the feedline, making it suitable for applications such as all-pass readout. We design and fabricate a device with the proposed scheme and demonstrate suppression of resonator-mediated decay that exceeds 2 orders of magnitude over a bandwidth of 400 MHz., Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2024

50. Self-correcting GKP qubit and gates in a driven-dissipative circuit

Author: Nathan, Frederik, O'Brien, Liam, Noh, Kyungjoo, Matheny, Matthew H., Grimsmo, Arne L., Jiang, Liang, and Refael, Gil
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract: We propose a circuit architecture for a dissipatively error-corrected GKP qubit. The device consists of a high-impedance LC circuit coupled to a Josephson junction and a resistor via a controllable switch. When the switch is activated via a particular family of stepwise protocols, the resistor absorbs all noise-induced entropy, resulting in dissipative error correction of both phase and amplitude errors. This leads to an exponential increase of qubit lifetime, reaching beyond 10ms in simulations with near-feasible parameters. We show that the lifetime remains exponentially long in the presence of extrinsic noise and device/control imperfections (e.g., due to parasitics and finite control bandwidth) under specific thresholds. In this regime, lifetime is likely only limited by phase slips and quasiparticle tunneling. We show that the qubit can be read out and initialized via measurement of the supercurrent in the Josephson junction. We finally show that the qubit supports native self-correcting single-qubit Clifford gates, where dissipative error-correction of control noise leads to exponential suppression of gate infidelity., Comment: 12 pages + 8 figures in the main text
Published: 2024

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