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This meta‐review aimed to appraise and synthesise findings from existing systematic reviews that measured the impact of compression therapy on venous leg ulcers healing. We searched five databases to identify potential papers; three authors extracted data, and a fourth author adjudicated the findings. The AMSTAR‐2 tool was used for quality appraisal and the certainty of the evidence was appraised using GRADEpro. Data analysis was undertaken using RevMan. We identified 12 systematic reviews published between 1997 and 2021. AMSTAR‐2 assessment identified three as high quality, five as moderate quality, and four as low quality. Seven comparisons were reported, with a meta‐analysis undertaken for five of these comparisons: compression vs no compression (risk ratio [RR]: 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34‐1.78; P <.00001; moderate‐certainty evidence); elastic compression vs inelastic compression (RR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.96‐1.08; P <.61 moderate‐certainty evidence); four layer vs

The factors related to force and postural exposures during a simulated meat cutting task are investigated. The results indicate that the variables can act and interact to modify the kinematics and kinetics of a cutting task.

A study was conducted to examine the need to change manual material handling (MMH) guidelines in order to reduce the incidence of workplace related injuries among industrial workers. Results revealed the need for changes but called for further studies in different locations and among different cohorts.

Background Training procedural skills using proficiencybased progression (PBP) methodology has consistently resulted in error reduction. We hypothesised that implementation of metric-based PBP training and a valid assessment tool would decrease the failure rate of epidural analgesia during labour when compared to standard simulation-based training. Methods Detailed, procedure-specific metrics for labour epidural catheter placement were developed based on carefully elicited expert input. Proficiency was defined using criteria derived from clinical performance of experienced practitioners. A PBP curriculum was developed to train medical personnel on these specific metrics and to eliminate errors in a simulation environment. Seventeen novice anaesthetic trainees were randomly allocated to undergo PBP training (Group P) or simulation only training (Group S). Following training, data from the first 10 labour epidurals performed by each participant were recorded. The primary outcome measure was epidural failure rate. Results A total of 74 metrics were developed and validated. The inter-rater reliability (IRR) of the derived assessment tool was 0.88. Of 17 trainees recruited, eight were randomly allocated to group S and six to group P (three trainees did not complete the study). Data from 140 clinical procedures were collected. The incidence of epidural failure was reduced by 54% with PBP training (28.7% in Group S vs 13.3% in Group P, absolute risk reduction 15.4% with 95% CI 2% to 28.8%, p=0.04). Conclusion Procedure-specific metrics developed for labour epidural catheter placement discriminated the performance of experts and novices with an IRR of 0.88. Proficiency-based progression training resulted in a lower incidence of epidural failure compared to simulation only training. Trial registration number NCT02179879. NCT02185079; Post-results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To appraise and synthesise findings from existing systematic reviews that measured the impact of compression therapy on venous leg ulcers (VLU) healing. Method: We searched five databases to identify potential papers; three authors extracted data, and a fourth author adjudicated the findings. The AMSTAR-2 tool was used for quality appraisal and the certainty of the evidence was appraised using GRADEpro. Data analysis was undertaken using RevMan. Results / Discussion: We identified 12 systematic reviews published between 1997 and 2021. AMSTAR-2 assessment identified three as high quality, five as moderate quality, and four as low-quality. Seven comparisons were reported, with a meta analysis undertaken for 5 of these comparisons: compression versus no compression (Risk Ratio [RR]: 1.55; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.34-1.78; p<0.00001; moderate-certainty evidence); elastic compression versus inelastic compression (RR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.96-1.08; p<0.61 moderate-certainty evidence); 4 layer versus <4 layer bandage systems (RR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.82-1.40; p<0.63; moderatecertainty evidence); comparison between different 4 layer bandage systems (RR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.93-1.25; p=0.34; moderatecertainty evidence); compression bandage versus compression stocking (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.87-1.03; p=0.18; moderate-certainty evidence). Conclusion: The main conclusion from this review is that there is a statistically significant difference in healing rates when compression is used compared to no compression, with moderate certainty evidence. Otherwise, there is no statistically different difference in healing rates using elastic compression versus inelastic compression, 4 layer versus <4 layer bandage systems, different 4 layer bandage systems, or compression bandages versus compression stockings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To appraise existing systematic reviews (SR) measuring the impact of compression therapy on the health quality of life of (HRQoL) of people with venous leg ulcers (VLU). Method: Five databases were searched, AMSTAR-2 tool was used for quality appraisal. Narrative synthesis was undertaken. Results/Discussion: Three SRs, including 8 RCTs, 7 different HRQoL instruments, met the inclusion criteria. Three main comparisons were identified, 1. four-layer bandage versus two-layer bandage, short-stretch bandage or usual care; 2. unknown compression system plus exercise versus unknown compression alone; 3. two-layer compression system versus short-stretch bandage. Comparison 1: in 3 studies, for the domains physical symptoms, daily living scores, physical function, physical components and mental component, the mean difference (MD) in HRQoL scores was statistically significant in favour of a 4-layer bandage system. Two studies found a statistically significant difference in HRQoL years in favour of two-layer cohesive compression bandage, whereas one study found no difference in HRQoL years among the study groups. Comparison 2: one study found no differences between the study groups in terms of physical and mental component summary scale scores. In a further study, for the EQ visual analogue scale at 12 months, there was a statistically significant MD in HRQoL scores between the study groups, in favour of intervention group. However, in the same study, for the VEINES-QOL, at 12-month follow-up, there was no statistically significant MD between the groups. Comparison 3: one study found no statistically significant MD in HRQoL scores between the study groups. Conclusion: Results were varied, reflecting uncertainty in determining which of the compression systems exerts the greatest impact on HRQoL in people with VLU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the history of timber export in Ireland, including its forest and forestry. Topics include the increase in timber exports to England during the 16th century, the use of forest products as industrial fuel in the 1580s, and the decline of forest cover in the country due to various factors like the poor management of forest plantations.