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Teaching skeletal system would be more attractive using real/preserved specimen compared to those using only book. The aim of the research was to develop clearing and staining method of animal skeleton specimen using Alizarin Red S-Alcian Blue as teaching aid tool. The specimen were eviscerated, fixed, stained, cleared, and keep in glycerine solution. The spesimen will increase effectiveness in elementary school science teaching and learning.

Lizards are animals that can do autotomy. Research on the autotomy of lizard’s tail has been carried out, but few have examined about axial skeletons that focus on vertebrae caudales or arranged muscles. That is the background of this research. This research is expected to be a database for further research and as a comparison between animals that can perform other autotomies. This research intend to determine the macro and micro structures of the anatomical axial skeleton lizard’s regenerate tail and to know the micro structures of anatomy muscular segmentation lizard’s regenerate tail. The used methods are X-Ray, Alizarin Red S and Alcian Blue, Paraffin method with Hematoxylin-Eosin and Mallory Triple Strain staining. The result showed that the lizard's regenerate tail was darker than the original. On observations using X-Ray and Alizarin staining showed that the original tail is seen broad and have a Processus. The original lizard's tail is composed of bones, because it is red which shows perfectly calcified bones. While the regenerate of the lizard's tail is composed of bones in the form of long pipes which are red-colored because they have calcified from outside. Muscular segmentation of the original lizard's tail when viewed transversely has irregular segments. While the lizard's regenerate tail has 15 muscle segments. Muscles are composed of a collection of myotubes that become myotomes, each of myotomes confined by the myoseptum.

Gecko is one of the reptiles are used as traditional Chinese medicine which has been reported as antitumor capabilities. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic effect of rat serum that treated with gecko powder and its ability to inhibit proliferation and stimulate apoptosis of WiDr cells. Gecko powder the treated in vivo in the rat ( Rattus novergicus ) SD female. Twelve mice treated with powder gecko at a dose of 9 g/kg body weight per day. Then the rat blood serum on the in vitro treated in WiDr cells. Cytotoxicity test using the MTT method. Observation of the proliferation kinetics using doubling time test. Then apoptosis test performed by the doublestaining method. Cytotoxicity assay results showed that the powder is toxic to the gecko cell WiDr. In the cytotoxicity test showed IC 50 rat serum with gecko powder body parts obtained at a concentration of 7,914%. The observation of cell proliferation kinetics demonstrated rat serum with gecko powder body parts most effective in inhibiting the proliferation of WiDr cells Data apoptotic WiDr cells showed the rat serum with gecko powder effective agency in promoting apoptosis. Rat serum with treat gecko powders bodies part are toxic and can inhibit proliferation and stimulate apoptosis of WiDr cells.

Indonesia has a wide range of rice cultivars and pigments. This rice can be used as a source of phytochemical compounds for cancer prevention. This research aims to analyze the cytotoxic activities of the ethanolic extract of black rice bran of 4 local cultivars i.e. ‘Cempo Ireng’, ‘Woja Laka’, ‘Toraja’ and ‘IR­64’ (white rice) on cancer cells and to determine the compounds groups of those extracts. First step, rice bran was extracted with ethanol. This extract was applied to Raji (a human Burkitt Lymphoma cancer), HepG2 (a human liver cancer), and Vero (a nonhuman cell line) cells in order to measure the cytotoxic activities by using MTT assay. To determine descriptively the compounds groups of phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids the thin layer chromatography method was performed. The IC50 value was analyzed quantitatively by using probit analysis. Results showed that the IC50 values of ethanolic extract of rice bran ‘Woja Laka’, ‘Toraja’, ‘Cempo Ireng’ and ‘IR 64’ on HepG2 cells were 857.23±99.19; 1,896.55±83,8; 1,494.47±87.81 and 727.89±145,97 µg/ml respectively. The IC50 on Raji cells were 816.61±85.31; 1,079.93±28.31; 1,627.82; ±119.82, and 769.33±61.43 µg/ml respectively. The IC50 on Vero cells were 1,295.2±37; 1,232.07±165.51; 1,874.14±169.56, and 724.4±122.79 µg/ml respectively. The ethanolic extracts of rice bran from four cultivars contain phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids. However, alkaloids could not be detected. The variety of rice cultivars indicates the variation of cytotoxic activities on cancer cells. The ethanolic extracts of rice bran from those four rice cultivars contain similar kinds of organic compounds groups but vary in the Rf values.

Bivalves are actively captured to be used as foodstuffs and raw materials souvenirs. Bivalves have economic value that continues to be exploited. But there is no record of its biodiversity in the coastal waters Tarakan City. This research purposes were to study the members of the Genus Anadara species diversity, study of morphological characters and its habitats in the waters of Tarakan. The method used in sampling was transect methods. Four stations have been set i.e. Binalatung, Selayung, Juata and airport. The obtained bivalves were identified based on its morphological characters. Physicochemical of the water, substrate, and the substrate texture in each station were measured. The morphological data was analyzed using descriptive analysis, while the relationships between shells’ morphometric was analyzed using linear regression analysis.The result of this research showed that there are two species, Anadara granosa and Anadara nodifera . Morphological character showed that there are radial ribs both of species. Habitat character is dominated by sand and mud. Morphometric relationships shells can be used to distinguish each species.