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Leishmaniasis involves the participation of several species of both wild and domestic mammal hosts and sandfly vectors, which demonstrates the eco-epidemiological complexity observed in this disease. Bats are among the most abundant types of mammals and the scarcity of research on Leishmania infection in these animals gives evidence of the importance of new studies that aim to clarify this relationship. This study aimed to detect the Leishmania spp. in bats. 146 bats, representing 16 different species belonging to the Molossidae, Vespertilionidae, and Phyllostomidae families, were received and processed for collection of tissues. Skin samples were collected from 100% of the bats, and liver samples were collected from 87% (n = 127). After evaluating the quality of the DNA extracted by means of PCR directed to the IRBP gene, the samples considered suitable for the Leishmania detection test were submitted for PCR directed to Leishmania kDNA, and to confirm positivity, were tested to the SSUrRNA gene-directed Nested-PCR. The Leishmania presence in the species Molossus pretiosus, Nyctinomops macrotis, and Lasiurus cinereus are the first reports this encounter in these species of bats in Brazil. Furthermore, new species of bats as possible hosts for L. infantum are reported, such as Molossus pretiosus, Myotis nigricans, Nyctinomops laticaudatus, Nyctinomops macrotis, and, for L. braziliensis, Lasiurus cinereus and Cynomops planirostris. These findings in bats in an area endemic for leishmaniasis indicate that these animals may be involved in sustaining the disease cycle in this location., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Leishmaniasis is an endemic zoonosis that is expanding in Brazil and is considered an important public health problem. • The role of bats in the epidemiology of leishmaniais is still unclear. • The ability of bats to disperse and their longevity could facilitate the maintenance and dispersal of Leishmania. • We detected presence of L. infantum and L. braziliensis DNA in bats in the Brazilian Midwest. • Infected bats in areas endemic for leishmaniasis may indicate participation in the maintenance of parasites in these places.

Glen Canyon National Recreation Area covers large and geographically unique regions of southern Utah and northern Arizona. However, multiple surveys of bats from 1952 to 2017 have not been published. Prior to 2015, most bat surveys in the recreation area were conducted using mist nets only and did not include acoustic monitoring. In this paper we compile records of bats found in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area from 1952 to 2017, including records from our recent surveys using both mist nets and acoustic sampling. During our recent surveys, 2 new species were captured (Nyctinomops macrotis and Lasionycteris noctivagans), and 2 other new species were documented using acoustic detection (Myotis evotis and Eumops perotis), bringing the total documented bat species in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area to 17 species. This paper sheds light on the diverse bat assemblage of Glen Canyon National Recreation Area that will serve as a baseline for future research and conservation efforts.

46. Big Free-tailed Bat Nyctinomops macrotis French: Grand Nyctinomope / German: GrolRe Bulldogfledermaus / Spanish: Nyctonimo grande Taxonomy. Nyctinomus macrotis J. E. Gray, 1839, “ Cuba.” This species is monotypic. Distribution. Patchily distributed from SW USA (SE Nevada, S Utah, and S Colorado) to S Mexico, the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Jamaica, and Hispaniola), and South America in Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and N Argentina; it probably also occurs in French Guiana. Extralimital records are reported as far N as SW Canada (British Columbia). Descriptive notes. Head—body 73-89 mm, tail 40-63 mm, ear 24-32 mm, hindfoot 7-13 mm, forearm 54-65 mm; weight 17-34 g. Males are slightly larger than females. The Big Free-tailed Bat is the largest species in this genus. Dorsal fur ranges from reddish to blackish brown, hairs having whitish base; ventral furis slightly paler and sometimes with lightly frosted tips. Ears are large and hairy, with connection over forehead. Wings are long and narrow, and wing membrane is thin and leathery. Legs are short and strong. Upperlips are wrinkled and overhang lower lip. I* is nearly vertical and parallel in front view. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 48 and FN = 58. Habitat. Dry forest, thorn forest, wet forest, scrubland, and savanna, from sea level to 2600 m in elevation. Food and Feeding. The Big Free-tailed Bat feeds mainly on large moths (Lepidoptera), but also eats crickets (Gryllidae), bush crickets (Tettigoniidae), flying ants (Formicidae), stinkbugs (Pentatomidae), froghoppers (Cercopidae), and leathoppers (Cicadellidae). Breeding. One young is born in late spring or early summer. Pregnant females were found from April to July, and lactating females have been documented from June to October; most of these data are from the northern part of the range. A suckling young attached to the mother was reported in September. Activity patterns. The Big Free-tailed Bat usually does not leave its day roost until after dark to forage, but it has been documented flying at dusk. Itis a strong flier that does not need to drop from its roost to take flight, as do most other molossids. This species roosts in tree hollows, rock crevices, cracks of cliffs, caves, buildings, and bridges. The searchphase echolocation call is a long, narrowband, single harmonic signal with a downward FM with an average peak frequency of 20-2 kHz. Owls are known to prey on this species. Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Big Free-tailed Bat is reported to roost singly, but also forming colonies of up to 150 individuals. During summer, there is sexual segregation with females and young in maternity colonies. In the northern part of its range,it exhibits migratory behavior. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Bibliography. Arita (2014e), Eger (2008), Milner et al. (1990), Mora & Torres (2008), Rocha et al. (2015), Silva-Taboada (1979), Warner et al. (1974)., Published as part of Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Molossidae, pp. 598-672 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 638, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6418279

This study reports a new range-distribution of Nyctinomops macrotis in the Inter-Andean Valley, Southern Ecuador. This record was done in an urban locality, placed in the inter-Andean Valley at 2,545 m, contributing to improve the knowledge of this species distribution; besides, adding the highest record as well as new locality for Ecuador.

The genus Nyctinomops comprises 4 species of bats in the free-tailed family Molossidae: Nyctinomops macrotis, Nyctinomops femorosaccus, Nyctinomops aurispinosus, and Nyctinomops laticaudatus. The objective of this study was to use mitochondrial sequence data to test hypotheses of relationship within Nyctinomops. A total of 460 bases of cytochrome b and 686 bases of NADH dehydrogenase were sequenced and analyzed from 22 individuals by use of parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods. Sequences from other molossid genera (Tadarida, Cynomops, and Otomops) were used as outgroups. In addition, a series of Nyctinomops specimens from Peru was re-assessed using morphological and molecular data. Our results agree with previous studies using morphological similarity in the placement of the largest member of the genus, N. macrotis, as sister to the remaining species. Furthermore, both mitochondrial data sets recovered the following relationship for the other members of the genus: (N. aurispinosus...

Four bat species are reported for the first time in Morelos: Centurio senex, Lasiurus intermedius, Myotis fortidens and Nyctinomops macrotis, which were captured at the Tropical Dry Forest (TDF) of the Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve (SHBR). Furthermore, 9 additional bat species that were previously unconfirmed in the SHBR are recorded. External morphometric data of the captured individuals is provided, as well as details regarding the sampling dates and sites and, when possible, information about echolocation sequences. The list of bat species in the SHBR has increased to 41 species (71% of the bat fauna in Morelos), which highlights the value of this area for protecting the biodiversity of Morelos.

The first occurrence of Nyctinomops macrotis (Gray, 1839) in Espírito Santo state, Southeastern Brazil is reported. A specimen was registered in Vitória, capital of the state, on January 26th, 2011. Morphological aspects of this species are discussed. External and cranial measurements obtained for the specimen and a map with the current known records for the N. macrotis in Brazil are provided.

We collected the skeleton of a big free-tailed bat (Nyctinomops macrotis) at a wind energy facility in Starr County, Texas. This is the first specimen record from the Lower Rio Grande Valley in southern Texas.

Female big free-tailed bats Nyctinomops macrotis have been captured over water in northern Arizona in high elevation (> 2,400 m) forests and low elevation (1,500 m) desert scrub vegetation. We hypothesized that roost sites were in vertical walls of cliffs that were up to 25 km away from capture sites given the flight capability of these bats. During summer 2005 we captured eight females over ponds and attached radio transmitters to locate day roosts. We also identified locations used during nightly movements from 1 to 6 nights of radio tracking. We found three day roosts for seven bats; average distance (± SE) from a capture site to a roost was 12.1 ± 3.0 km. Roosts were small maternity colonies used by ≥ four N. macrotis in cracks or crevices in upper portions of vertical cliffs and faced south or southeast. Average dimensions for ponds where we found N. macrotis were 24 × 46 m, larger than the average pond size (14 × 19 m) where we did not capture this species. We identified 73 night locations for five N. macrotis and for one individual with 32 night locations calculated a 95% activity area (minimum convex polygon method) of 29,590 ha. Straight line distance between successive locations averaged 5.1 ± 0.8 km. Maximum distance detected from roost averaged 25.3 ± 4.9 km. We conservatively estimated a maximum flight speed of 61 km per hour. Most locations were in desert scrub vegetation but three bats moved to higher elevations, using pinyon-juniper (Pinus edulis-Juniperus spp.) woodland and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest. The maternity roosts we located for N. macrotis were remote, difficult to access, and within protected areas (national parks) in northern Arizona; however, foraging areas and ponds used for drinking are managed by different public or private agencies. These features are not as well protected and could be critically important in this arid environment.

Nyctinomops macrotis, the big free-tailed bat, is relatively uncommon in the southwestern United States, and diet information for this species is sparse. The objective of this study was to examine the diet of N. macrotis in Big Bend National Park, Texas, by using fecal analysis to determine what these bats ate in an area where they were sympatric with 3 other species of free-tailed bats. We collected and analyzed fecal samples from 40 individuals and obtained the following results: Lepidoptera (87.5% volume, 100% frequency), Hemiptera (4.1% volume, 22.5% frequency), Coleoptera (4.6% volume, 17.5% frequency), Orthoptera (1.1% volume, 12.5% frequency), unidentified insects (2.4% volume, 30.0% frequency). The diet of N. macrotis largely overlapped that of the Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) and pocketed free-tailed bat (Nyctinomops femorosaccus) in Big Bend National Park. However, N. macrotis consumed significantly more lepidopterans and significantly less hemipterans and coleopteran...

We analyzed the patterns of habitat use by insectivorous bats in Mexico City, one of the largest and most populated cities of the world. We tested the hypotheses that richer patches of food, expected in more vegetated areas, have higher bat activity levels, and that fast-flying species benefit most from urbanization. We compared activity of insectivorous species and relative abundance of insects in 5 habitats (large parks, small parks, illuminated open areas, residential areas, and natural forest). Sampling of bat activity and insects was conducted every 2 weeks in 12 sites per habitat during summer 2002. Measures of bat activity were based on 3,600 oneminute sequences of sound that were recorded and analyzed. The average number of taxa per site was significantly higher in the natural forest than in urban habitats, but overall bat activity was significantly higher in large parks and illuminated open areas than in small parks, residential areas and natural forest. Vespertilionid bats (Eptesicus fuscus, Myotis, and an unidentified species), along with Eumops perotis, occurred almost exclusively in extensive green areas (large parks or natural forest). The molossid Nyctinomops macrotis made the broadest use of the urban‐natural mosaic, whereas Tadarida brasiliensis used urban sites (illuminated areas and large parks) more intensively. Insect abundance was higher in large parks and natural forest, and it was significantly correlated with overall bat activity and with the number of taxa recorded per site. The observed patterns of habitat use and foraging can be explained by considering the flight and echolocation performance of species. Although some species successfully exploited highly urbanized sites, large areas with vegetation are needed to maintain the most diverse insectivorous bat fauna in Mexico City.

Molecular epidemiological studies have linked many cryptic human rabies cases in the United States with exposure to rabies virus (RV) variants associated with insectivorous bats. In Colorado, bats accounted for 98% of all reported animal rabies cases between 1977 and 1996. The genetic divergence of RV was investigated in bat and terrestrial animal specimens that were submitted for rabies diagnosis to the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE), Colorado, USA. RV isolates from animal specimens across the United States were also included in the analysis. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on partial nucleoprotein (N) gene sequences, which revealed seven principal clades. RV associated with the colonial big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, an bats of the genus Myotis were found to segregate into two distinct clades (I and IV). Clade I was harbored by E. fuscus and Myotis species, but was also identified in terrestrial animals such as domestic cats and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis). Clade IV was divided into subclades IVA, IVB, and IVC; IVA was identified in E. fuscus, and Myotis species bats, and also in a fox; subclades IVB and IVC circulated predominantly in E. fuscus. Clade II was formed by big free-tailed bat (Nyctinomops macrotis) and striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) samples. Clade III included RVs that are maintained by generally solitary, migratory bats such as the silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) and bats of the genus Lasiurus. Big brown bats were found to harbor this RV variant. None of the Colorado specimens segregated with clades V and VII that harbor RVs associated with terrestrial animals. Different species of bats had the same RV variant, indicating active inter-species rabies transmission. In Colorado, animal rabies occurs principally in bats, and the identification of bat RVs in cat, gray fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus), and striped skunks demonstrated the importance of rabies spillover from bats to domestic and terrestrial wildlife species.

We report 7 species of free-tailed bats (Family Molossidae) from a single locality in the state of Durango, Mexico. Three (Molossops greenhalli, Molossus molossus, Nyctinomops laticaudatus) are recorded for the first time in the state, whereas the remaining 4 (Eumops perotis, Molossus ater, Nyctinomops macrotis, Tadarida brasiliensis) represent considerable range extensions. The high diversity of bats found in the San Juan de Camarones region evinces its priority for protection and conservation efforts.

We examined 56 fecal pellets from under a maternity colony of big free-tailed bats (Nyctinomops macrotis) in the Jemez Mountains of northern New Mexico. The most important food items, listed in order of decreasing percent volume, were Cicadellidae, leafhoppers (26.7% volume, 58.9% frequency); Ichneumonidae, Ichneumon wasps (19.3% volume, 35.7% frequency); and Lepidoptera, moths (17.2% volume, 82.1% frequency). Overall, the most important orders as prey consumed, listed by decreasing percent volume, were Homoptera (27.6% volume, 62.5% frequency), Hymenoptera (19.5% volume, 37.5% frequency), Lepidoptera (17.2% volume, 82.1% frequency), Hemiptera (11.7% volume, 37.5% frequency), and Diptera (10.6% volume, 50.0% frequency). Our study documents an unusually varied diet, as previous studies indicated that these bats fed almost exclusively on moths.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-03T15:28:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-07-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-11-04T10:14:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1984-29612014000300399.pdf: 874331 bytes, checksum: 76357f07e5cb12ee4a0505332ce8edae (MD5) Pterothominx pulchra (Freitas, 1934) são nematódeos gástricos pouco conhecidos de Nyctinomops laticaudatus (Chiroptera: Molossidae). Informações referentes à ocorrência e variedade de hospedeiros desses parasitos ainda são escassas na região Neotropical. As únicas duas descrições morfológicas disponíveis na literatura são divergentes entre si quanto à presença de bainha espicular espinhosa nos machos, o que resultou no posicionamento taxonômico equivocado desta espécie, uma vez que, é a principal característica para diagnóstico dos gêneros Pterothominx e Aonchotheca. Baseado na ausência dessa característica morfológica em espécimes desse nematódeo, obtidos em morcegos N. laticaudatus e Nyctinomops macrotis capturados em dois municípios do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, o presente estudo classifica a referida espécie no gênero Aonchotheca e a aloca no subgênero Aonchotheca, além de fornecer dados morfométricos adicionais e novos registros de hospedeiro e localidades. Pterothominx pulchra (Freitas, 1934) are little known gastric nematodes of Nyctinomops laticaudatus (Chiroptera: Molossidae). Information about the occurrence and host range of these parasites in Neotropical region is still scanty, and the only two morphological descriptions available in the literature are divergent about the presence or absence of a spiny spicular sheath in males, which may lead to incorrect taxonomical positioning, since this feature represents the main difference between the genera Pterothominx and Aonchotheca. Based on the absence of this morphological feature in specimens of this nematode obtained from N. laticaudatus and Nyctinomops macrotis bats captured in two municipalities in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, the present study reclassifies the aforementioned species in the genus Aonchotheca and allocates it to the subgenus Aonchotheca. Additional morphometric data and new host and locality records are also provided. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Apoio, Produção e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária de Araçatuba

Ectoparasites of 13 species of molossid, mormoopid, and vespertilionid bats from the Trans-Pecos region of Texas were studied, as follows: Antrozous pallidus (LeConte), Corynorhinus townsendii (Cooper), Eptesicus fuscus (Palisot de Beauvois), Lasiurus cinereus (Palisot de Beauvois), Mormoops megalophylla (Peters), Myotis thysanodes G. S. Miller, Myotis velifer (J. A. Allen), Myotis volans (H. Allen), Myotis yumanensis (H. Allen), Nyctinomops femorosaccus (Merriam), Nyctinomops macrotis (Gray), Pipistrellus hesperus (H. Allen), and Tadarida brasiliensis (I. Geof. St.-Hilaire). The bats were netted, examined for ectoparasites and released. Ectoparasites recovered included three species of flea, three species of streblid, three species of nycteribiid, two species of cimicid, two species of tick, and 17 species of mite. New ectoparasite records are given for hosts in seven instances and for the Trans-Pecos region of Texas in three instances.

Information on geographic distribution, habitat, measurements, and reproductive condition of five species of mammals from Guerrero, Mexico, is provided. Two species are new records for the State (Nyctinomops femorosaccus and Sigmodon leucotis), one is the second record (Spermophilus variegatus variegatus), one is the third record (Nyctinomops macrotis), and one is the fourth record (Herpailurus yagouaroundi tolteca).

INTRODUCTION: Bats are one of the most important reservoirs and vectors of the rabies virus in the world. METHODS: From 1988 to 2003, the Zoonosis Control Center in São Paulo City performed rabies diagnosis on 5,670 bats by direct immunofluorescent test and mouse inoculation test. Blood samples were collected from 1,618 bats and the sera were analyzed using the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test to confirm rabies antibodies. RESULTS: Forty-four (0.8%) bats were positive for rabies. The prevalence of rabies antibodies was 5.9% using 0.5IU/ml as a cutoff. Insectivorous bats (69.8%) and bats of the species Molossus molossus (51.8%) constituted the majority of the sample; however, the highest prevalence of antibodies were observed in Glossophaga soricina (14/133), Histiotus velatus (16/60), Desmodus rotundus (8/66), Artibeus lituratus (5/54), Nyctinomops macrotis (3/23), Tadarida brasiliensis (3/48), Carollia perspicillata (3/9), Eumops auripendulus (2/30), Nyctinomops laticaudatus (2/16), Sturnira lilium (2/17) and Eumops perotis (1/13). The prevalence of rabies antibodies was analyzed by species, food preference and sex. CONCLUSIONS: The expressive levels of antibodies associated with the low virus positivity verified in these bats indicate that rabies virus circulates actively among them. INTRODUÇÃO: Morcegos são um dos mais importantes reservatórios e vetores do vírus da raiva no mundo. MÉTODOS: No período entre 1998 e 2003, o Centro de Controle de Zoonoses da Cidade de São Paulo realizou o diagnóstico de raiva em 5.670 morcegos utilizando as técnicas de imunofluorescência direta e inoculação intracerebral em camundongos. Sangue foi coletado de 1.618 espécimes para pesquisa de anticorpos pela técnica de inibição de foco de fluorescência rápida. RESULTADOS: Quarenta e quatro (0,8%) morcegos foram positivos para raiva. A prevalência de anticorpos foi de 5,9% usando 0,5UI/ml como ponto de corte. Os morcegos de hábito alimentar insetívoro (69,8%) e os morcegos da espécie Molossus molossus (51,8%) representaram a maioria da amostra. Entretanto, as mais altas prevalências de anticorpos foram observadas nos morcegos Glossophaga soricina (14/133), Histiotus velatus (16/60), Desmodus rotundus (8/66), Artibeus lituratus (5/54), Nyctinomops macrotis (3/23), Tadarida brasiliensis (3/48), Carollia perspicillata (3/9), Eumops auripendulus (2/30), Nyctinomops laticaudatus (2/16), Sturnira lilium (2/17) e Eumops perotis (1/13). A prevalência de anticorpos foi analisada por espécie, hábito alimentar e sexo. CONCLUSÕES: O expressivo nível de anticorpos associado à baixa positividade para o vírus da raiva entre os morcegos estudados indica que o vírus circula ativamente entre morcegos.

Eumops glaucinus and Nyctinomops macrotis, the largest molossid bats in Cuba, were investigated. Both species of bats share the same guild in the island and are similar in size, which allow the prediction of overlapping echolocation inventories following both the "vocal plasticity hypothesis" and the "scaling hypothesis." In addition, large body size predicts the emission of low frequency calls in the human audible range. Calls recorded during hunting show that the bats' echolocation repertoires are very similar and of low frequency, with most differences in search calls. Matches were found in the calls' design, duration, slope, bandwidth, and spectral parameters. Statistical differences between search calls are consistent with the predictions from the "scaling hypothesis," considering that E. glaucinus is only slightly larger than N. macrotis. The echolocation calls emitted by both species are in the frequency range below 20-25 kHz, which identifies both species as the only ones with echolocation in the human audible range in Cuba.

Study carried out within the urban perimeter of Londrina, which is located in the North of the state of Parana. The objectives were the identification of urban species of bats and diurnal roosts used by them and the verification of the problems they can cause to the population. The fire brigade, the Autarquia Municipal do Ambiente de Londrina (Municipal Environment Autarchy of Londrina), the Biology Department of the Universidade Estadual de Londrina (State University of Londrina) and local residents helped spot the roosts. The collections were carried out in regular intervals between April 1998 and March 1999. By the end of them, 815 bats of 23 different species had been captured. Among these, 12 were found near or inside human constructions: Noctilio albiventris Desmarest, 1818; Artibeits lituratus (Olfers, 1818); Platyrrhinus lineatus (E. Geoffroy, 1810); Eptesicus brasiliensis Desmarest 1819; Lasiurus bore-alls (Muller 1776); Lasiurus ega (Gervais, 1856); Eumops glaucinus (Wagner, 1843); Molossus rufus (E. Geoffroy, 1805); Molossus molossus (Pallas, 1766); Nyctinomops laticaudatus (E. Geoffroy, 1805); Nyctinomops macrotis (Gray, 1840) e Tadarida brasiliensis (i. Geoffroy, 1824). Roost sites comprised expansion joints, roofs, attics and parks, among others. It can be concluded that bats are treated as undesirable animals by the population due to the lack of knowledge about the subject.

In 1995, a three-year study was initiated to assess the current status of bat species of concern, elucidate distribution and relative abundance, and obtain information on roosting sites of bats. The authors captured and released 1532 bats of 15 species (Myotis californicus, M. ciliolabrum, M. evotis, M. thysanodes, M. volans, M. yumanensis, Lasiurus cinereus, Lasionycteris noctivagans, Pipistrellus hesperus, Eptesicus fuscus, Euderma maculatum, Corynorhinus townsendii, Antrozous pallidus, Tadarida brasiliensis, and Nyctinomops macrotis) and followed 32 bats of eight species (M. evotis, M. thysanodes, M. volans, E. fuscus, E. maculatum, C. townsendii, A. pallidus, and N. macrotis) to 51 active diurnal roosts. The most abundant species were L. noctivagans, E. fuscus, L. cinereus, M. evotis, M. volans, and M. ciliolabrum. Most of these species are typical inhabitants of ponderosa pine-mixed coniferous forests.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:27:24Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:47:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84872505779.pdf: 165775 bytes, checksum: 02a5696014e60662c9b6e2737bdea8f2 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:27:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-12-01 Bats are hosts of a rich diversity of microorganisms. Many studies indicate a close link between bats and fungi with pathogenic potential, especially for living in environments such as caves, caverns and hollow trees, favorable to the maintenance and spread of fungi. The objective was to study the gastrointestinal mycoflora of bats. Of the 98 samples belonging to 11 species of bats coming from 15 studied cities, 20% of the species were Carollia perspicillata, 19% Artibeus lituratus, 17% Molossus rufus, 13% Glossophaga soricina, 9% Nyctinomops macrotis, 8% Molossus molossus, 7% Desmodus rotundus, 2% Lasiurus ega and 1% Eptesicus furinalis, Myotis nigricans and Tadarida brasiliensis. The genus Aspergillus sp. was isolated from 29% of the samples, followed by 6% Microsporum sp. and Penicillium sp. 4% Trichophyton sp. and zygomycetes and 2% Fusarium sp. Of yeast species, 14% were from Rhodotorula sp., 10% Candida sp. and 2% Cryptococcus sp., 22% of isolates remained unidentified. All 82 cultures of organs were negative for Histoplasma capsulatum. There was a statistically significant association between the results of microbiological culture and bat species (p < 0.05). We conclude that the bats can act as disperser agents of fungi with pathogenic potential, although other studies should be performed to establish strategies to identify the main factors correlated with the growth and spread of microorganisms in nature and implication of bats in the epidemiological cycle. Departamento de Apoio, Produção e Saúde Animal Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba-SP Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu-SP Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba-SP Departamento de Apoio, Produção e Saúde Animal Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba-SP Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu-SP Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba-SP

Nyctinomops macrotis (Gray, 1840). Ann. Nat. Hist., 4:5. TYPE LOCALITY: Cuba. DISTRIBUTION: SW British Columbia and Iowa (USA) to Peru, N Argentina and Uruguay; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola. SYNONYMS: aequatoralis, affinis, auritus, depressus, megalotis; molosso Hershkovitz (not Pallas); nevadensis. COMMENTS: Called Tadarida molosso by Hall and Kelson (1959:208); but see Husson (1962:256-259). See Milner et al. (1990, Mammalian Species, 351)., Published as part of Karl F. Koopman, 1993, Order Chiroptera, pp. 137-241 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 239, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353060, {"references":["Hall, E. R., and K. R. Kelson. 1959. The mammals of North America. Ronald Press Co., New York, 1: 1 - 546; 2: 547 - 1083 + 79.","Husson, A. M. 1962. The bats of Suriname. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 58: 1 - 282, 30 pls.","Milner, J., C. Jones, and J. K. Jones, Jr. 1990. Nyctinomops macrotus. Mammalian Species, 351: 1 - 4."]}

Twenty-seven taxa of bats from late Pleistocene fossils originated from five caves in Bahia, Brazil. In one cave, humeri of Mormoops megalophylla were dated radiometrically to 20,060 ± 290 years ago. In another cave, a cranium of Desmodus rotundus was found adhering to the underside of a coprolite of a sloth ( Nothrotherium ) that had a radiometric age of 12,200 ± 120 radiocarbon years ago. Among taxa represented by the fossils were one extinct species ( Desmodus draculae ), the first South American fossil records for Mimon bennettii, Furipterus horrens , and Tadarida brasiliensis , and the first Brazilian fossil records for M. megalophylla, Phyllostomus discolor, Diphylla ecaudata , and Nyctinomops macrotis . All caves but one occur within the semiarid Caatinga biome today. However, fossil occurrences of several species ( M. megalophylla, M. bennettii , and Eptesicus fuscus ), which today select moister habitats or humid caves, suggest that conditions in the area during part of the late Pleistocene were wetter than at present.

Peru has one of the richest faunas of volant vertebrates of any country with over 1,680 species of birds (Parker et al., 1982) and 122 species of bats (Koopman, 1978). Herein we record six species of bats previously unknown from Peru. These, plus the two species reported new for the nation by Bowles et al. (1979) and the change in status of coastal Sturnira lilium (=Sturnira luisi, Davis, 1981), bring the total number of chiropteran species for Peru to 131. We provided information on the new records and noteworthy distributional and natural history observations on several other species of bats to augment reports by Tuttle (1970) and Koopman (1978). Selected measurements, taken from standard skin and skull specimens unless otherwise indicated, are recorded in millimeters (weights in grams) and include the following: greatest length of skull (GSL), condylobasal length (CBL), zygomatic breadth (ZB), length of forearm (including wrist, FA), and weight (WT). Skulls were extracted from some fluid preparations to verify identification. Specimens are housed in the Louisiana State University Museum of Zoology (LSUMZ) unless otherwise noted. Mormoops megalophylla Peters.-Our specimens (one male and four nulliparous females) were netted in June and October 1978, over a cattail-bordered water impoundment 12 km N Olmos (5?55'S, 79?47'W, elevation ca. 150 m) and a small pond 5.2 km N Olmos along the Pan American Highway in the department of Lambayeque. Although most of this arid coastal zone of northwestern Peru is overgrazed desert with scattered Acacia and Prosopis trees, orchards and large patches of Acacia forest occur in irrigated areas. Small ranges of rocky mountains are less than 10 km W. of the collecting sites. These specimens represent the first record of bats of this genus from Peru and extend the range of the species 600 km S from NW Ecuador (Smith, 1972). Mean (range) of selected measurements are: CBL, 15.2 (14.9-15.5); ZB, 9.8 (9.6-9.9); FA, 57.4 (56.7-58.3); and WT 16.6 (15.0-20.0). These agree with the measurements for M. m. carteri, a subspecies that is not sexually dimorphic (Smith, 1972). Other bat species taken at or near these localities include Pteronotus davyi, Phyllostomus discolor, Nyctinomops macrotis, Nyctinomops laticaudatus, and Eumops glaucinus. Glossophaga commissarisi Gardner.-The Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collection has a male collected October 1974 from Iquitos in the department of Loreto and a female collected August 1964 from 11 km SE Pucallpa in the department of Ucayali (formerly part of Loreto). The presence of Glossophaga commissarisi in Peru was expected since it had been reported from an island in the Amazon River 30 km NW Leticia in southern Colombia near the Peruvian border (Webster and Jones, 1983). Selected measurements for the male and female (GSL 20.3, 20.6; and FA, 35.1, 34.6) agree with those given by Webster and Jones (1983) for the Colombian specimens. The female was carrying an embryo with a crown-rump length of 12. Lonchophylla handleyi Hill.-Koopman (1978) considered this bat, then known as Lonchophylla robusta, to be an Amazonian lowland species because all Peruvian specimens had been collected below ca. 900 m. Two of our specimens, nulliparous females, were netted August 1977 with a Vampyrodes caraccioli at ca. 1,525 m in upper montane rainforest 3 km NE Abra Divisoria on the Tingo Maria-Pucallpa road (906'S, 75'47'W) in the department of Ucayali. A male (testes 7 by 6) was taken in October 1978 from the wall of a cave in upper montane rainforest ca. 10 trail km SE La Peca (5036'S, 78'17'W) at 1,325 m in the department of Amazonas. Other bats collected in this cave were Chrotopterus auritus (a male, the third locality record for Peru), Desmodus rotundus, and Diphylla ecaudata. Lonchophylla robusta Miller.-Hill (1981) recently studied the large, pale brown Peruvian and Ecuadorian members of this genus and assigned Peruvian specimens (formerly recognized as Lonchophylla robusta) to a new species, Lonchophylla handleyi. However, two of our specimens from the department of Amazonas agree with Hill's (1981) diagnosis of Lonchophylla robusta both in mensural characters and by the absence of a sparse fringe of hair along the posterior margin of the uropatagium. These specimens, a male collected 20 km SW Chiriaco on 16 December 1974 and a female taken 43 km (by road) NE Chiriaco 709 November 1984

Foi realizado o isolamento do vírus rábico em morcego insetívoro Nyctinomops macrotis capturado próximo à represa Billings e à mata Atlântica, no Município de Diadema, SP (Brasil). A pesquisa do antígeno rábico no tecido cerebral do morcego apresentou resultado positivo na reação de imunofluorescência direta. O isolamento do vírus rábico no tecido cerebral e nas glândulas salivares do morcego foi obtido através da inoculação intracerebral em camundongos. O Município de Diadema não apresentava casos de raiva animal desde 1982, sendo este o primeiro relato da presença do vírus rábico em morcego insetívoro. The rabies virus was isolated from an insectivorous bat, Nyctinomops macrotis, trapped in Diadema, SP, Brazil, in a public building near a water supply reservoir. Fluorescent antibodies against rabies virus were detected in cerebral tissue and the viral isolation was made after the inoculation of cerebral tissue and salivary gland suspension in mice. There have been no recorded cases of animal rabies in Diadema since 1982, and this is the first isolation of the rabies virus in an insectivorous bat in the city.

Nyctinomops macrotis (Gray, 1839). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 11, 4:5. TYPE LOCALITY: Cuba. DISTRIBUTION: S.W. British Columbia; C. Iowa; S. California to S.W. Kansas (U.S.A.), south to Uruguay; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola. COMMENT: Called Tadarida molossa by Hall and Kelson, 1959:208, and Tadarida macrotis by Hall, 1981:245; but see Husson, 1962, Zool. Meded. Rijks. Mus. Nat. Hist. Leiden, 58:256-259. May be a monotypic species, but it needs systematic revision (BVR). ISIS NUMBER: 5301405016011026001 as Tadarida macrotis. 5301405016011029001 as Tadarida molossus (sic)., Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Chiroptera, pp. 111-215 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 213, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352990, {"references":["Hall, E. R., and K. R. Kelson. 1959. The mammals of North America. Ronald Press Co., New York, 1: 1 - 546; 2: 547 - 1083 + 79.","Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90.","Husson, A. M. 1962. The bats of Suriname. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 58: 1 - 282, 30 pls."]}

As result of recent investigations related to the inventory of the mammals from Venezuela, new data have been gathered on six bats and two rodents previously not recorded in the country, or whose distribution is known only from few specimens and localities. The material examined is deposited in the following Venezuelan institutions : Estacion Biologica de Rancho Grande (EBRG), Museo de Historia Natural La Salle (MHNLS), Museo de Biologin de la Universidad Central de Venezuela (MBUCV), Coleccion de Vertebrados de la Universidad de los Andes (CVULA) and Museo del Institute de Zoologia Agricola de la Universidad Central de Venezuela (MIZAUCV). Measurements are given in millimeters and correspond to adult specimens. Cranial measurements of bats do not include the incisors, excepting the condylobasal length of Pteronotus gymnonotus. Nomenclature of the molar components of Oryzomys yunganus follows Reig (1977).