Search

Objective The study investigated experiences of different types of work-related gender-based harassment (GBH), specifically sexual and gender harassment, as risk factors for alcohol-related morbidity and mortality (ARMM). Methods Information about experiences of (i) sexual harassment (SH-I) and (ii) gender harassment (GH-I) from inside the organization and (iii) sexual harassment from a person external to the organization (SH-E) were obtained from the Swedish Work Environment Survey 1995–2013, a biannual cross-sectional survey, administered to a representative sample of the Swedish working population. The survey responses from 86 033 individuals were connected to multiple registers containing information about alcohol-related diagnoses, treatment, or cause of death. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to assess hazard ratios (HR) of incident ARMM during a mean follow-up of eight (SH-I and GH-I) and ten (SH-E) years. Results A higher prospective risk estimate of ARMM was found among participants who reported experiences of SH-E [HR 2.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.61–2.52], GH-I (HR 1.33, CI 1.03–1.70), or SH-I (HR 2.37, CI 1.42–3.00). Additional analyses, distinguishing one-time from reoccurring harassment experiences, indicated a dose–response relationship for all three harassment types. Gender did not modify the associations. Under the assumption of causality, 9.3% (95% CI 5.4–13.1) of the risk of ARMM among Swedish women and 2.1% (95% CI 0.6–3.6) among Swedish men would be attributable to any of the three types of GBH included in this study. Conclusions Experiences of GBH in the work context may be a highly relevant factor in the etiology of ARMM.

Introduktion: Definitionen av hot och våld är bred, allt från verbala hot till fysiskt våld. Praktisk inlärning i form av klinisk utbildning ingår i sjuksköterskeutbildningen där sjuksköterskestudenterna får lära sig att hantera en rad olika situationer. Sjuksköterskestudenter, tillsammans med sjuksköterskor, har den närmsta kontakten med patienter och dess anhöriga vilket är en bidragande orsak till att de får utstå mest hot och våld inom vårdkedjan. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att undersöka sjuksköterskestudenters erfarenheter av att bli utsatt för hot och våld under den kliniska utbildningen. Metod: En integrativ litteraturöversikt med induktivt förhållningssätt valdes som analysmetod till denna litteraturöversikt. 5 artiklar med kvalitativ ansats, 10 artiklar med kvantitativ ansats och 2 artiklar med mixed-method ingick i analysen. Analysen utgick ifrån 4 frågeställningar. Resultat: Största delen av det verbala hoten/våldet utövades av sjuksköterskor och det fysiska våldet utövades av patienter. Hotet och våldet ledde till negativa känslor och somatiska symtom hos sjuksköterskestudenterna. Detta i sin tur riskerade att få sjuksköterskestudenterna att vilja avsluta sina studier. Slutsats: Strategier och metoder för att kunna stötta sjuksköterskestudenter som blivit utsatta för hot och våld under den kliniska utbildningen är viktigt. Sjuksköterskor behöver utbildning inom kommunikation och handledarskap. En bra relation mellan handledare och sjuksköterskestudent krävs för att få en så lärorik och givande klinisk utbildning som möjligt och för att sjuksköterskestudenterna ska vilja stanna kvar och fortsätta sin utbildning.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the bi-directional associations between experienced and witnessed gender-based harassment (GBH) on the one hand, and depressive symptoms and psychological treatment on the other, in an occupational setting. GBH are behaviors that derogate, demean, or humiliate an individual based on his or her gender. Methods: The analyses were based on data from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health at 2018 (T1) and 2020 (T2), including 6,679 working participants (60.3% women) with a majority in the age range of 45-64. Using cross-lagged structural equational models, we analyzed experienced and witnessed GBH in relation to depressive symptoms and having received psychological treatment (talked to a counselor or psychological professional) over time. Results: Our results showed that neither experienced nor witnessed GBH was prospectively associated with depressive symptoms or psychological treatment over two years. Both higher levels of depressive symptoms (beta = 0.002, p <= 0.001) and having received psychological treatment (beta = 0.013, p = 0.027) weakly predicted experiences of GBH over time. Having received psychological treatment was furthermore weakly associated with witnessed GBH (beta = 0.019, p = 0.012). Discussion: In conclusion, the hypothesized associations between exposure to GBH and mental health outcomes were not statistically significant, while a weak reverse association was noted. More research addressing bidirectional associations between GBH and mental health outcomes are needed.

Objective To estimate the prospective associationbetween the exposure to three types of gender-basedviolence and harassment (GBVH) and psychotropicmedication.Methods Information on three measures of workplaceGBVH—sexual harassment (1) from superiors orcolleagues, (2) from others (eg, clients) and (3) genderharassment from superiors or colleagues—wereretrieved from the biannual Swedish Work EnvironmentSurvey 2007–2013 (N=23 449), a representativesample of working 16–64 years old registered inSweden. The survey answers were merged with data onantidepressants, hypnotics/sedatives and anxiolytics fromthe Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Cox proportionalhazards analyses with days to purchase as time scale andfirst instance of medicine purchase as failure event werefitted, adjusted for demographic and workplace factors.Results Workers who reported exposure to genderharassment only (HR 1.2, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.36), to sexualbut not gender harassment (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.04 to1.40), or to gender and sexual harassment (HR 1.31,95% CI 1.08 to 1.60) had an excess risk of psychotropicsuse in comparison to workers who reported neitherof the exposures in the past 12 months. We found nointeraction between the exposures and gender in theassociation with psychotropics use.Conclusions Exposure to sexual or gender harassmentat the workplace may contribute to the development ofmental disorders.

We aimed to provide an overview of how work environment and occupational health are affected, and describe interventions designed to improve the work environment during epidemics and pandemics. The guidelines on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were followed. The databases Cinahl, Medline, PsycInfo, and Web of Science were searched for population: working population; exposure: coronavirus epidemic or pandemic; and outcome: work environment, in articles published until October 2020. Quality assessment was based on a modified version of the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). After deduplication 3711 articles remained, of which 530 were selected for full-text screening and 119 for quality assessment. After the exclusion of studies that were low quality, 95 remained, of which 85 focused on healthcare personnel and 10 on employees in other industries; 73 used quantitative methods and 22 used qualitative or mixed methods; the majority were based on cross-sectional data. Healthcare staff experienced increased job demands, poor leadership, and lack of resources (personal protective equipment, personnel, and competence). High demands and work with infected patients were associated with negative mental health outcomes. There was a lack of studies assessing interventions, studies from industries other than healthcare, and studies of high quality.

ÅVS Suicidprevention Flemingsberg genomfördes mellan 2021-2022. Flemingsbergs station är den station i hela landet med flest antal omkomna eller allvarligt skadade i personpåkörningar 2015-2019 och därmed högt prioriterad i Trafikverkets arbete mot att nå halveringsmålet, vilket innebär att antalet omkomna inom järnvägstrafiken ska minska till max 37 år 2030. Syftet med studien var att ta fram åtgärder för att förhindra och förebygga suicid vid Flemingsbergs station. Åtgärdsvalsstudien har genomförts i nära samarbete mellan Trafikverket, Huddinge kommun, Trafikförvaltningen på Region Stockholm, Nationellt Centrum för Suicidforskning och Prevention (NASP) och MTR Nordic Group (MTR). Dialog har även förts med aktörer och intressenter med lokal anknytning till Flemingsberg. Inom ramen för studien har fyra åtgärdspaket med rekommenderade åtgärder tagits fram.

Growing evidence indicates that retiring from paid work is associated, at least in the short-term, with dramatic reductions in sleep difficulties and more restorative sleep. However, much is still not known, in particular how universal these improvements are, how long they last, and whether they relate to the work environment. A methodological challenge concerns how to model time when studying abrupt changes such as retirement. Using data from Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (n = 2,148), we studied difficulties falling asleep, difficulties maintaining sleep, premature awakening, restless sleep, a composite scale of these items, and non-restorative sleep. We compared polynomial and B-spline functions to model time in group-based trajectory modelling. We estimated variations in the individual development of sleep difficulties around retirement, relating these to the pre-retirement work environment. Reductions in sleep difficulties at retirement were sudden for all outcomes and were sustained for up to 11 years for non-restorative sleep, premature awakening, and restless sleep. Average patterns masked distinct patterns of change: groups of retirees experiencing greatest pre-retirement sleep difficulties benefitted most from retiring. Higher job demands, lower work time control, lower job control, and working full-time were work factors that accounted membership in these groups. Compared to polynomials, B-spline models more appropriately estimated time around retirement, providing trajectories that were closer to the observed shapes. The study highlights the need to exercise care in modelling time over a sudden transition because using polynomials can generate artefactual uplifts or omit abrupt changes entirely, findings that would have fallacious implications.

Objectives: The study purpose was to describe the Swedish HealthPhys cohort. Using data from the HealthPhys study, we aimed to describe the prevalence of clinical burnout and major depression in a representative sample of Swedish physicians across gender, age, worksite, hierarchical position, and speciality in spring of 2021, during the third wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: The HealthPhys questionnaire was sent to a representative sample of practising physicians (n = 6699) in Sweden in February to May of 2021 with a 41.3% response rate. The questionnaire included validated instruments measuring psychosocial work environment and health including measurements for major depression and clinical burnout. Results: Data from the HealthPhys study showed that among practising physicians in Sweden the prevalence of major depression was 4.8% and clinical burnout was 4.7%. However, the variations across sub-groups of physicians regarding major depression ranged from 0% to 10.1%. For clinical burnout estimates ranged from 1.3% to 14.5%. Emergency physicians had the highest levels of clinical burnout while they had 0% prevalence of major depression. Prevalence of exhaustion was high across all groups of physicians with physicians working in emergency departments, at the highest (28.6%) and anaesthesiologist at the lowest (5.6%). Junior physicians had high levels across all measurements. Conclusions: In conclusion, the first data collection from the HealthPhys study showed that the prevalence of major depression and clinical burnout varies across genders, age, hierarchical position, worksite, and specialty. Moreover, many practising physicians in Sweden experienced exhaustion and were at high risk of burnout.

Background: The aim of this paper was to investigate if job demands, decision authority, and workplace violence mediate the association between employment in the health and social care industry and register-based sickness absence. Methods: Participants from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health who responded to questionnaires in 2006-2016 (n = 3951) were included. Multilevel autoregressive cross-lagged mediation models were fitted to the data. Employment in the health and social care industry at one time point was used as the predictor variable and register-based sickness absence >14 days as the outcome variable. Self-reported levels of job demands, decision authority, and exposure to workplace violence from the first time point were used as mediating variables. Results: The direct path between employment in the health and social care industry and sickness absence >14 days was, while adjusting for the reverse path, 0.032, p = 0.002. The indirect effect mediated by low decision authority was 0.002, p = 0.006 and the one mediated by exposure to workplace violence was 0.008, p = 0.002. High job demands were not found to mediate the association. Conclusion: Workplace violence and low decision authority may, to a small extent, mediate the association between employment in the health and social care industry and sickness absence.

Kunskapen om effekter av spridningen av coronaviruset sars-cov-2 i Sverige utifrån ett arbetsmiljöperspektiv är, av naturliga skäl, begränsad. Det finns dock internationell forskning från tidigare sjukdomsutbrott orsakade av andra coronavirus, vilken kan appliceras på svenska förhållanden och användas som underlag i en kunskapssammanställning. I denna kunskapssammanställning sammanfattas kunskapsläget avseende hur arbetsmiljö, arbetsmiljöarbete och hälsa påverkas vid epidemier och pandemier orsakade av coronavirus. Kunskapssammanställningen ger också en bild av den publicerade forskningen avseende framför allt de första månaderna av covid-19-pandemin.

Varje skola får utforma sitt specialpedagogiska stöd och det får konsekvenserna att det organiseras på olika sätt, att insatserna varierar och att tillfället när stödet sätts in varierar. Det innebär att speciallärare ofta är ensamma i sitt uppdrag. Specialpedagogisk personal och matematiklärare har ofta olika uppfattning av hur kompetensen ska utnyttjas i verksamheten. Ännu ett problem är att skollagens skrivelse om att elever har rätt till den ledning och stimulans de behöver för att utvecklas så långt som möjligt kan tolkas på olika sätt. Studiens syfte var att bidra med kunskap om speciallärares uppfattningar om arbetet med särskilt undervisningsbehov i matematik (SUM) och vilka specialpedagogiska perspektiv speciallärares uppfattningar kan ses som. Studiens frågeställningar var: Vad lyfter speciallärare fram som stödjande/hindrande faktorer i arbetet med SUM? Hur skulle arbetet med SUM skulle kunna förändras i framtiden, för att fler elever ska nå minst de kunskaper som krävs, enligt speciallärare? En kvalitativ studie genomfördes i form av en fallstudie. Fyra speciallärare i matematik från en mindre kommun i Sverige intervjuades. Lärarnas uppfattningar tematiserades och analyserades genom Nilholms specialpedagogiska perspektiv. Resultaten visade att speciallärarna ansåg att relationer, extra anpassning, målorienterat lärande, elevstärkande arbete, samarbete, förutsättningar för specialpedagogiskt arbete och enskild undervisning/liten undervisningsgrupp var stödjande faktorer för arbetet med SUM. Uppfattningarna samstämde med Nilholms kritiska perspektiv utom enskild undervisning/liten undervisningsgrupp som tillhör det kompensatoriska perspektivet. Speciallärarna ansåg att brist på lärares kunskaper, brist på elevstärkande arbete, brist på elevers uthållighet, brist på elevers ansvarstagande och brist på prioritering av arbetet med SUM är hindrande faktorer. Det samstämde med Nilholms kompensatoriska perspektiv när det gäller brist i lärares kunskaper och bris, In Sweden, each school can design its own special education support, which leads to several different consequences, such as variation in how and when the support is used. This means that special education teachers often are alone in their work. Special education staff and mathematics teachers often have different views on how the skill of special education teachers should be used in school activities. Another problem is the wording in the Education Act, which states that students have the right to guidance and stimulation to develop their abilities and their knowledge as far as possible, can be interpreted in different ways. The purpose of this study was to contribute knowledge about the understandings of special education teachers’ work with special education needs in mathematics (SUM) and which special education perspectives special education teachers' perceptions can be seen as. The questions of the study were: What do special education teachers emphasize as supporting/obstructing factors in the work with special education needs in mathematics? In the opinions of special education teachers, how could the work with special education needs in mathematics change in the future, to make more students reach a minimum of the required knowledge? A qualitative study was conducted in the form of a case study. Four special education teachers in a small municipality in Sweden were interviewed. The results were thematized and was analysed through the special education perspective of Nilholm. The results showed that the special education teachers considered relationships, extra adaptation, goal-oriented learning, student strengthening work, collaboration, prerequisites for special educational work and individual teaching/small teaching groups were supporting factors for the work with SUM. The perceptions of the special education teachers agreed with the critical perspective of Nilholm except for individual teaching/small teaching groups, which belongs to the categorial perspec