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3. Rhinovirus dynamics across different social structures

Author

Luka, Martha M., Otieno, James R., Kamau, Everlyn, Morobe, John Mwita, Murunga, Nickson, Adema, Irene, Nyiro, Joyce Uchi, Macharia, Peter M., Bigogo, Godfrey, Otieno, Nancy A., Nyawanda, Bryan O., Rabaa, Maia A., Emukule, Gideon O., Onyango, Clayton, Munywoki, Patrick K., Agoti, Charles N., and Nokes, D. James

Published
2023
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8. Value profile for respiratory syncytial virus vaccines and monoclonal antibodies

Author

Fleming, Jessica A., Baral, Ranju, Higgins, Deborah, Khan, Sadaf, Kochar, Sonali, Li, You, Ortiz, Justin R., Cherian, Thomas, Feikin, Daniel, Jit, Mark, Karron, Ruth A., Limaye, Rupali J., Marshall, Caroline, Munywoki, Patrick K., Nair, Harish, Newhouse, Lauren C., Nyawanda, Bryan O., Pecenka, Clint, Regan, Katie, Srikantiah, Padmini, Wittenauer, Rachel, Zar, Heather J., and Sparrow, Erin

Published
2023
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10. Spatio-temporal distribution of rhinovirus types in Kenya: A retrospective analysis, 2014

Author

Morobe, John Mwita, primary, Kamau, Everlyn, additional, Luka, Martha M, additional, Murunga, Nickson, additional, Lewa, Clement, additional, Mutunga, Martin, additional, Bigogo, Godfrey, additional, Otieno, Nancy, additional, Nyawanda, Bryan, additional, Onyango, Clayton, additional, Nokes, James, additional, Agoti, Charles N, additional, and Munywoki, Patrick K, additional

Published
2024
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11. Malaria hospitalisation in East Africa: age, phenotype and transmission intensity

Author

Kamau, Alice, Paton, Robert S., Akech, Samuel, Mpimbaza, Arthur, Khazenzi, Cynthia, Ogero, Morris, Mumo, Eda, Alegana, Victor A., Agweyu, Ambrose, Mturi, Neema, Mohammed, Shebe, Bigogo, Godfrey, Audi, Allan, Kapisi, James, Sserwanga, Asadu, Namuganga, Jane F., Kariuki, Simon, Otieno, Nancy A., Nyawanda, Bryan O., Olotu, Ally, Salim, Nahya, Athuman, Thabit, Abdulla, Salim, Mohamed, Amina F., Mtove, George, Reyburn, Hugh, Gupta, Sunetra, Lourenço, José, Bejon, Philip, and Snow, Robert W.

Published
2022
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12. High seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 but low infection fatality ratio eight months after introduction in Nairobi, Kenya

Author

Ngere, Isaac, Dawa, Jeanette, Hunsperger, Elizabeth, Otieno, Nancy, Masika, Moses, Amoth, Patrick, Makayotto, Lyndah, Nasimiyu, Carolyne, Gunn, Bronwyn M., Nyawanda, Bryan, Oluga, Ouma, Ngunu, Carolyne, Mirieri, Harriet, Gachohi, John, Marwanga, Doris, Munywoki, Patrick K., Odhiambo, Dennis, Alando, Moshe D., Breiman, Robert F., Anzala, Omu, Njenga, M. Kariuki, Bulterys, Marc, Herman-Roloff, Amy, and Osoro, Eric

Published
2021
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15. SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Pregnant and Postpartum Women, Kenya, 2020-2021

Author

Otieno, Nancy A., Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, Nyawanda, Bryan O., Oreri, Eunice, Ellington, Sascha, Onyango, Clayton, and Emukule, Gideon O.

Subjects
Epidemics -- Statistics -- Demographic aspects -- Kenya, Pregnant women -- Health aspects -- Statistics, Infants (Newborn) -- Statistics -- Health aspects, Puerperium -- Statistics -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Information about the incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among hospitalized pregnant women is available (1), but information about incidence among pregnant women in the community [...]

Published
2021
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17. Predictive modeling for infectious diarrheal disease in pediatric populations: A systematic review.

Author

Ogwel, Billy, Mzazi, Vincent, Nyawanda, Bryan O., Otieno, Gabriel, and Omore, Richard

Subjects
CHILD patients, PREDICTION models, MACHINE learning, COMMUNICABLE diseases, ROTAVIRUS vaccines, CLASSICAL swine fever
Abstract

Introduction: Diarrhea is still a significant global public health problem. There are currently no systematic evaluation of the modeling areas and approaches to predict diarrheal illness outcomes. This paper reviews existing research efforts in predictive modeling of infectious diarrheal illness in pediatric populations. Methods: We conducted a systematic review via a PubMed search for the period 1990–2021. A comprehensive search query was developed through an iterative process and literature on predictive modeling of diarrhea was retrieved. The following filters were applied to the search results: human subjects, English language, and children (birth to 18 years). We carried out a narrative synthesis of the included publications. Results: Our literature search returned 2671 articles. After manual evaluation, 38 of these articles were included in this review. The most common research topic among the studies were disease forecasts 14 (36.8%), vaccine‐related predictions 9 (23.7%), and disease/pathogen detection 5 (13.2%). Majority of these studies were published between 2011 and 2020, 28 (73.7%). The most common technique used in the modeling was machine learning 12 (31.6%) with various algorithms used for the prediction tasks. With change in the landscape of diarrheal etiology after rotavirus vaccine introduction, many open areas (disease forecasts, disease detection, and strain dynamics) remain for pathogen‐specific predictive models among etiological agents that have emerged as important. Additionally, the outcomes of diarrheal illness remain under researched. We also observed lack of consistency in the reporting of results of prediction models despite the available guidelines highlighting the need for common data standards and adherence to guidelines on reporting of predictive models for biomedical research. Conclusions: Our review identified knowledge gaps and opportunities in predictive modeling for diarrheal illness, and limitations in existing attempts whilst advancing some precursory thoughts on how to address them, aiming to invigorate future research efforts in this sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. Surveillance of respiratory viruses at health facilities from across Kenya, 2014

Author

Murunga, Nickson, primary, Nyawanda, Bryan, additional, Nyiro, Joyce U., additional, Otieno, Grieven P., additional, Kamau, Everlyn, additional, Agoti, Charles N., additional, Lewa, Clement, additional, Gichuki, Alex, additional, Mutunga, Martin, additional, Otieno, Nancy, additional, Mayieka, Lilian, additional, Ochieng, Melvin, additional, Kikwai, Gilbert, additional, Hunsperger, Elizabeth, additional, Onyango, Clayton, additional, Emukule, Gideon, additional, Bigogo, Godfrey, additional, Verani, Jennifer R., additional, Chaves, Sandra S., additional, Nokes, D. James, additional, and Munywoki, Patrick K., additional

Published
2023
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20. Assessment of gestational age at antenatal care visits among Kenyan women to inform delivery of a maternal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine in low- and middle-income countries

Author

Nyiro, Joyce U., primary, Nyawanda, Bryan O., additional, Bukusi, Elizabeth, additional, Mureithi, Marianne W., additional, Murunga, Nickson, additional, Nokes, D. James, additional, Bigogo, Godfrey, additional, Otieno, Nancy A., additional, Opere, Victor A., additional, Ouma, Alice, additional, Pecenka, Clint, additional, and Munywoki, Patrick K., additional

Published
2023
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21. Additional file 1 of Estimating the cost-effectiveness of maternal vaccination and monoclonal antibodies for respiratory syncytial virus in Kenya and South Africa

Author

Koltai, Mihaly, Moyes, Jocelyn, Nyawanda, Bryan, Nyiro, Joyce, Munywoki, Patrick K., Tempia, Stefano, Li, Xiao, Antillon, Marina, Bilcke, Joke, Flasche, Stefan, Beutels, Philippe, Nokes, D. James, Cohen, Cheryl, and Jit, Mark

Abstract

Additional file 1: SI Fig 1. Cost of RSV-associated hospitalisation in South Africa by age group. SI Fig 2. Incremental cost per DALY averted when assuming exponentially waning efficacy. SI Fig 3. Reduction in disease burden and costs, assuming a higher coverage level equivalent to BCG coverage. SI Fig 4. Reduction in disease burden and costs, if merging death incidence estimates in 3-month age brackets. SI Fig 5. Reduction in disease burden and costs, if merging death incidence estimates in 6-month age brackets. SI Table 1. Data sources and definitions for metrics used. SI Table 2. Parameter values used in the analysis. SI Table 3. Parameter estimates for exponentially waning efficacy. SI Table 4. Parameter estimates for fits of efficacy data with beta distributions. Supplementary Methods: additional information on data availability, data collection methods and fitting the efficacy data [35–56].

Published
2023
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23. Additional file 2 of Estimates of the national burden of respiratory syncytial virus in Kenyan children aged under 5 years, 2010–2018

Author

Nyawanda, Bryan O., Murunga, Nickson, Otieno, Nancy A., Bigogo, Godfrey, Nyiro, Joyce U., Vodicka, Elisabeth, Bulterys, Marc, Nokes, D. James, Munywoki, Patrick K., and Emukule, Gideon O.

Abstract

Additional file 2. Table S1a. Regional prevalence of risk factors for acute respiratory illness (ARI) and healthcare seeking behaviour for ARI and relative risks for the risk factors, Kenya. Table S1b. Regional prevalence of risk factors for severe acute respiratory illness and healthcare seeking behaviour for acute respiratory illness and relative risks for the risk factors, Kenya. Table S1c. Age-specific in-hospital RSV case fatality rate (CFR) and the out:in hospital RSV deaths multiplier. Table S2. Annual rates of outpatient acute respiratory illness per 1000 children by regions and age in months, 2010-2018. Table S3. Annual rates of outpatient RSV associated acute respiratory illness per 1000 children by regions and age in months, 2010-2018. Table S4. Annual rates of non-medically attended acute respiratory illness per 1000 children by regions and age in months, 2010-2018. Table S5. Annual rates of RSV associated non-medically attended acute respiratory illness per 1000 children by regions and age in months, 2010-2018. Table S6. Annual rates of hospitalized severe acute respiratory illness per 100,000 children by regions and age in months, 2010-2018. Table S7. Annual rates of RSV associated-hospitalized severe acute respiratory illness per 100,000 children by regions and age in months, 2010-2018. Table S8. Annual rates of non-hospitalized severe acute respiratory illness per 100,000 children by regions and age in months, 2010-2018. Table S9. Annual rates of RSV associated non-hospitalized severe acute respiratory illness per 100,000 children by regions and age in months, 2010-2018. Table S10. Annual average number of RSV associated acute respiratory illnesses (ARI), severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) and deaths among children aged

Published
2023
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26. Real world external validation of metabolic gestational age assessment in Kenya

Author

Hawken, Steven, primary, Ward, Victoria, additional, Bota, A. Brianne, additional, Lamoureux, Monica, additional, Ducharme, Robin, additional, Wilson, Lindsay A., additional, Otieno, Nancy, additional, Munga, Stephen, additional, Nyawanda, Bryan O., additional, Atito, Raphael, additional, Stevenson, David K., additional, Chakraborty, Pranesh, additional, Darmstadt, Gary L., additional, and Wilson, Kumanan, additional

Published
2022
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28. Identifying the research, advocacy, policy and implementation needs for the prevention and management of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection in low- and middle-income countries

Author

Carbonell-Estrany, Xavier, primary, Simões, Eric A. F, additional, Bont, Louis J, additional, Gentile, Angela, additional, Homaira, Nusrat, additional, Scotta, Marcelo Comerlato, additional, Stein, Renato T, additional, Torres, Juan P, additional, Sheikh, Jarju, additional, Broor, Shobha, additional, Khuri-Bulos, Najwa, additional, Nokes, D James, additional, Munywoki, Patrick K, additional, Bassat, Quique, additional, Sharma, Arun K, additional, Basnet, Sudha, additional, Garba, Maria, additional, De Jesus-Cornejo, Joanne, additional, Lupisan, Socorro P, additional, Nunes, Marta C, additional, Divarathna, Maduja, additional, Fullarton, John R, additional, Rodgers-Gray, Barry S, additional, Keary, Ian, additional, Reñosa, Mark Donald C, additional, Verwey, Charl, additional, Moore, David P, additional, Noordeen, Faseeha, additional, Kabra, Sushil, additional, do Vale, Marynéa Silva, additional, Paternina-De La Ossa, Rolando, additional, Mariño, Cristina, additional, Figueras-Aloy, Josep, additional, Krilov, Leonard, additional, Berezin, Eitan, additional, Zar, Heather J, additional, Paudel, Krishna, additional, Safadi, Marco Aurelio Palazzi, additional, Dbaibo, Ghassan, additional, Jroundi, Imane, additional, Jha, Runa, additional, Rafeek, Rukshan A. M, additional, Pinheiro, Rossiclei de Souza, additional, Bracht, Marianne, additional, Muthugala, Rohitha, additional, Lanari, Marcello, additional, Martinón-Torres, Federico, additional, Mitchell, Ian, additional, Irimu, Grace, additional, Pandey, Apsara, additional, Krishnan, Anand, additional, Mejias, Asuncion, additional, da Costa, Marcela Santos Corrêa, additional, Shrestha, Shrijana, additional, Pernica, Jeffrey M, additional, de Carvalho, Felipe Cotrim, additional, Jalango, Rose E, additional, Ibrahim, Hafsat, additional, Ewa, Atana, additional, Ensinck, Gabriela, additional, Ulloa-Gutierrez, Rolando, additional, Miralha, Alexandre Lopes, additional, Lucion, Maria Florencia, additional, Hassan, Md Zakiul, additional, Akhtar, Zubair, additional, Aleem, Mohammad Abdul, additional, Chowdhury, Fahmida, additional, Rojo, Pablo, additional, Sande, Charles, additional, Musau, Abednego, additional, Zaman, Khalequ, additional, Helena, Luiza, additional, Arlant, Falleiros, additional, Ghimire, Prakash, additional, Price, April, additional, Subedi, Kalpana Upadhyay, additional, Brenes-Chacon, Helena, additional, Goswami, Doli Rani, additional, Rahman, Mohammed Ziaur, additional, Hossain, Mohammad Enayet, additional, Chisti, Mohammod Jobayer, additional, Vain, Nestor E, additional, Lim, Audrey, additional, Chiu, Aaron, additional, Papenburg, Jesse, additional, Juarez, Maria del Valle, additional, Senaratne, Thamarasi, additional, Arunasalam, Shiyamalee, additional, Strand, Tor A, additional, Ayuk, Adaeze, additional, Ogunrinde, Olufemi, additional, Tavares, Lohanna Valeska de Sousa, additional, Garba, Comfort, additional, Garba, Bilkisu I, additional, Dawa, Jeanette, additional, Gordon, Michelle, additional, Osoro, Eric, additional, Agoti, Charles N, additional, Nyawanda, Bryan, additional, Ngama, Mwanajuma, additional, Tabu, Collins, additional, Mathew, Joseph L, additional, Cornacchia, Andrew, additional, Rai, Ganesh Kumar, additional, Jain, Amita, additional, Giongo, Mateus Sfoggia, additional, and Paes, Bosco A, additional

Published
2022
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30. Surveillance of respiratory viruses at health facilities from across Kenya, 2014

Author

Murunga, Nickson, primary, Nyawanda, Bryan, additional, Nyiro, Joyce U., additional, Otieno, Grieven P., additional, Kamau, Everlyn, additional, Agoti, Charles N., additional, Lewa, Clement, additional, Gichuki, Alex, additional, Mutunga, Martin, additional, Otieno, Nancy, additional, Mayieka, Lilian, additional, Ochieng, Melvin, additional, Kikwai, Gilbert, additional, Hunsperger, Elizabeth, additional, Onyango, Clayton, additional, Emukule, Gideon, additional, Bigogo, Godfrey, additional, Verani, Jennifer R., additional, Chaves, Sandra S., additional, Nokes, D. James, additional, and Munywoki, Patrick K., additional

Published
2022
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31. Estimating the cost-effectiveness of maternal vaccination and monoclonal antibodies for respiratory syncytial virus in Kenya and South Africa

Author

Koltai, Mihaly, primary, Moyes, Jocelyn, additional, Nyawanda, Bryan, additional, Nyiro, Joyce, additional, Munywoki, Patrick, additional, Tempia, Stefano, additional, Li, Xiao, additional, Antillon, Marina, additional, Bilcke, Joke, additional, Flasche, Stefan, additional, Beutels, Philippe, additional, Nokes, D. James, additional, Cohen, Cheryl, additional, and Jit, Mark, additional

Published
2022
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32. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Disease and Prevention Products: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Preferences of Kenyan Healthcare Workers in Two Counties in 2021.

Author

Nyawanda, Bryan O., Opere, Victor A., Nyiro, Joyce U., Vodicka, Elisabeth, Fleming, Jessica A., Baral, Ranju, Khan, Sadaf, Pecenka, Clint, Ayugi, Jorim O., Atito, Raphael, Ougo, James, Bigogo, Godfrey, Emukule, Gideon O., Otieno, Nancy A., and Munywoki, Patrick K.

Subjects
MEDICAL personnel, RESPIRATORY syncytial virus, RESPIRATORY syncytial virus infections, PREVENTIVE medicine, RESPIRATORY infections, HIV-positive women
Abstract

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) among infants under 6 months of age. Yet, in Kenya, little is known about healthcare workers' (HCWs) knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions around RSV disease and the prevention products under development. Between September and October 2021, we conducted a mixed methods cross-sectional survey to assess HCWs' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of RSV disease and RSV vaccinations in two counties. We enrolled HCWs delivering services directly at maternal and child health (MCH) departments in selected health facilities (frontline HCWs) and health management officers (HMOs). Of the 106 respondents, 94 (88.7%) were frontline HCWs, while 12 were HMOs. Two of the HMOs were members of the Kenya National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (KENITAG). Of the 104 non-KENITAG HCWs, only 41 (39.4%) had heard about RSV disease, and 38/41 (92.7%) felt that pregnant women should be vaccinated against RSV. Most participants would recommend a single-dose vaccine schedule (n = 62, 58.5%) for maximal adherence and compliance (n = 38/62, 61.3%), single dose/device vaccines (n = 50/86, 58.1%) to prevent wastage and contamination, and maternal vaccination through antenatal care clinics (n = 53, 50%). We found the need for increased knowledge about RSV disease and prevention among Kenyan HCWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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34. Comparable Pregnancy Outcomes for HIV-Uninfected and HIV-Infected Women on Antiretroviral Treatment in Kenya

Author

Mugo, Cyrus, primary, Nduati, Ruth, additional, Osoro, Eric, additional, Nyawanda, Bryan O, additional, Mirieri, Harriet, additional, Hunsperger, Elizabeth, additional, Verani, Jennifer R, additional, Jin, Hafsa, additional, Mwaengo, Dufton, additional, Maugo, Brian, additional, Machoki, James, additional, Otieno, Nancy A, additional, Ombok, Cynthia, additional, Shabibi, Mufida, additional, Okutoyi, Lydia, additional, Kinuthia, John, additional, Widdowson, Marc Alain, additional, Njenga, Kariuki, additional, Inwani, Irene, additional, and Wamalwa, Dalton, additional

Published
2022
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35. Efficiency of transplacental transfer of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) specific antibodies among pregnant women in Kenya

Author

Nyiro, Joyce U., primary, Bukusi, Elizabeth, additional, Mwaengo, Dufton, additional, Nyaguara, Amek, additional, Nyawanda, Bryan, additional, Otieno, Nancy, additional, Bigogo, Godfrey, additional, Murunga, Nickson, additional, Widdowson, Marc-Alain, additional, Verani, Jennifer R., additional, Chaves, Sandra S., additional, Mwangudza, Hope, additional, Odundo, Calleb, additional, Berkley, James A., additional, Nokes, D James, additional, and Munywoki, Patrick K., additional

Published
2022
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36. Additional file 1 of Malaria hospitalisation in East Africa: age, phenotype and transmission intensity

Author

Kamau, Alice, Paton, Robert S., Akech, Samuel, Mpimbaza, Arthur, Khazenzi, Cynthia, Ogero, Morris, Mumo, Eda, Alegana, Victor A., Agweyu, Ambrose, Mturi, Neema, Mohammed, Shebe, Bigogo, Godfrey, Audi, Allan, Kapisi, James, Sserwanga, Asadu, Namuganga, Jane F., Kariuki, Simon, Otieno, Nancy A., Nyawanda, Bryan O., Olotu, Ally, Salim, Nahya, Athuman, Thabit, Abdulla, Salim, Mohamed, Amina F., Mtove, George, Reyburn, Hugh, Gupta, Sunetra, Louren��o, Jos��, Bejon, Philip, and Snow, Robert W.

Abstract

Additional file 1. Supplementary figures.

Published
2022
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37. Additional file 2 of Malaria hospitalisation in East Africa: age, phenotype and transmission intensity

Author

Kamau, Alice, Paton, Robert S., Akech, Samuel, Mpimbaza, Arthur, Khazenzi, Cynthia, Ogero, Morris, Mumo, Eda, Alegana, Victor A., Agweyu, Ambrose, Mturi, Neema, Mohammed, Shebe, Bigogo, Godfrey, Audi, Allan, Kapisi, James, Sserwanga, Asadu, Namuganga, Jane F., Kariuki, Simon, Otieno, Nancy A., Nyawanda, Bryan O., Olotu, Ally, Salim, Nahya, Athuman, Thabit, Abdulla, Salim, Mohamed, Amina F., Mtove, George, Reyburn, Hugh, Gupta, Sunetra, Louren��o, Jos��, Bejon, Philip, and Snow, Robert W.

Subjects
InformationSystems_INFORMATIONSTORAGEANDRETRIEVAL, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, Data_FILES, ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS
Abstract

Additional file 2. Supplementary tables.

Published
2022
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38. The burden of influenza among Kenyan pregnant and postpartum women and their infants, 2015–2020

Author

Otieno, Nancy A., primary, Nyawanda, Bryan O., additional, McMorrow, Meredith, additional, Oneko, Martina, additional, Omollo, Daniel, additional, Lidechi, Shirley, additional, Widdowson, Marc‐Alain, additional, Flannery, Brendan, additional, Chaves, Sandra S., additional, Azziz‐Baumgartner, Eduardo, additional, and Emukule, Gideon O., additional

Published
2022
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39. Malaria infection and severe disease risks in Africa

Author

Paton, Robert S., primary, Kamau, Alice, additional, Akech, Samuel, additional, Agweyu, Ambrose, additional, Ogero, Morris, additional, Mwandawiro, Charles, additional, Mturi, Neema, additional, Mohammed, Shebe, additional, Mpimbaza, Arthur, additional, Kariuki, Simon, additional, Otieno, Nancy A., additional, Nyawanda, Bryan O., additional, Mohamed, Amina F., additional, Mtove, George, additional, Reyburn, Hugh, additional, Gupta, Sunetra, additional, Bejon, Philip, additional, Lourenço, José, additional, and Snow, Robert W., additional

Published
2021
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40. Quantifying Factors Associated With Birth Outcomes and Their Implications on Evaluating the Success of a Maternal Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine Program in Kenya

Author

Nyiro, Joyce U., primary, Bukusi, Elizabeth, additional, Mwaengo, Dufton, additional, Walumbe, David, additional, Nyaguara, Amek, additional, Kipkoech, Collins, additional, Nyawanda, Bryan, additional, Bigogo, Godfrey, additional, Otieno, Nancy, additional, Aol, George, additional, Audi, Allan, additional, Murunga, Nickson, additional, Berkley, James A., additional, Nokes, D James, additional, and Munywoki, Patrick, additional

Published
2021
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41. Global and regional burden of hospital admissions for pneumonia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Shi, Ting, Denouel, Angeline, Tietjen, Anna K, Lee, Jen Wei, Falsey, Ann R, Demont, Clarisse, Nyawanda, Bryan O, Cai, Bing, Fuentes, Robert, Stoszek, Sonia K, Openshaw, Peter, Campbell, Harry, Nair, Harish, Zhang, Shanshan, Li, You, Wedzicha, Jadwicha, Falsey, Ann, Miller, Mark, Beutels, Philippe, Bont, Louis, Pollard, Andrew, Molero, Eva, Martinon-Torres, Federico, Heikkinen, Terho, Meijer, Adam, Kølsen Fischer, Thea, van den Berge, Maarten, Giaquinto, Carlo, Mikolajczyk, Rafael, Hackett, Judy, Knirsch, Charles, Leach, Amanda, K. Stoszek, Sonia, Gallichan, Scott, Kieffer, Alexia, Cheret, Arnaud, Gavart, Sandra, Aerssens, Jeroen, Rosen, Brian, Investigators, RESCEU, Commission of the European Communities, National Institute for Health Research, and Medical Research Council (MRC)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Databases, Factual, Population, Global Health, Microbiology, disease burden, 03 medical and health sciences, Population estimate, 0302 clinical medicine, Cost of Illness, Cost of illness, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Socioeconomic status, Disease burden, older adults, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Pneumonia, 06 Biological Sciences, medicine.disease, Hospitals, 3. Good health, Hospitalization, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Meta-analysis, Emergency medicine, Hospital admission, RESCEU Investigators, business
Abstract

Pneumonia constitutes a substantial disease burden among adults overall and those who are elderly. We aimed to identify all studies investigating the disease burden among older adults (age, ≥65 years) admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. We estimated the hospital admission rate and in-hospital case-fatality ratio (CFR) of pneumonia in older adults, stratified by age and economic status (industrialized vs developing), with data from a systematic review of studies published from 1996 through 2017 and from 8 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these rate estimates to population estimates for 2015 to calculate the global and regional burden in older adults who would have been admitted to the hospital with pneumonia that year. We estimated the number of in-hospital pneumonia deaths by combining in-hospital CFRs with hospital admission estimates from hospital-based studies. We identified 109 eligible studies; 73 used clinical pneumonia as the case definition, and 36 used radiologically confirmed pneumonia as the case definition. We estimated that, in 2015, 6.8 million episodes (uncertainty range [UR], 5.8–8.0 episodes) of clinical pneumonia resulted in hospital admissions of older adults worldwide. The hospital admission rate increased with advancing age and was higher in men. The total disease burden was likely underestimated when using the definition of radiologically confirmed pneumonia. Based on data from 52 hospital studies reporting data on pneumonia mortality, we estimated that about 1.1 million in-hospital deaths (UR, 0.9–1.4 in-hospital deaths) occurred among older adults. The burden of pneumonia requiring hospitalization among older adults is substantial. Appropriate prevention and management strategies should be developed to reduce its impact.

Published
2021

42. Global disease burden estimates of respiratory syncytial virus-associated acute respiratory infection in older adults in 2015: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Shi, Ting, Denouel, Angeline, Tietjen, Anna K, Campbell, Iain, Moran, Emily, Li, Xue, Campbell, Harry, Demont, Clarisse, Nyawanda, Bryan O, Chu, Helen Y, Stoszek, Sonia K, Krishnan, Anand, Openshaw, Peter, Falsey, Ann R, Nair, Harish, Zhang, Shanshan, Li, You, Wedzicha, Jadwicha, Falsey, Ann, Miller, Mark, Beutels, Philippe, Bont, Louis, Pollard, Andrew, Molero, Eva, Martinon-Torres, Federico, Heikkinen, Terho, Meijer, Adam, Fischer, Thea Kølsen, van den Berge, Maarten, Giaquinto, Carlo, Mikolajczyk, Rafael, Hackett, Judy, Cai, Bing, Knirsch, Charles, Leach, Amanda, Gallichan, Scott, Kieffer, Alexia, Cheret, Arnaud, Gavart, Sandra, Aerssens, Jeroen, Fuentes, Robert, and Rosen, Brian

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Databases, Factual, Population, Acute respiratory infection, Disease burden, Older adults, Respiratory syncytial virus, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cost of Illness, Developed Countries, Global Health, Hospitalization, Humans, Incidence, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human, Global Burden of Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Databases, 0302 clinical medicine, 80 and over, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Factual, education.field_of_study, Respiratory tract infections, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), 1. No poverty, Respiratory infection, Confidence interval, respiratory tract diseases, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Meta-analysis, business, Developed country, Demography, Human
Abstract

Respiratory syncytial virus–associated acute respiratory infection (RSV-ARI) constitutes a substantial disease burden in older adults aged ≥65 years. We aimed to identify all studies worldwide investigating the disease burden of RSV-ARI in this population. We estimated the community incidence, hospitalization rate, and in-hospital case-fatality ratio (hCFR) of RSV-ARI in older adults, stratified by industrialized and developing regions, using data from a systematic review of studies published between January 1996 and April 2018 and 8 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these rate estimates to population estimates for 2015 to calculate the global and regional burdens in older adults with RSV-ARI in the community and in hospitals for that year. We estimated the number of in-hospital deaths due to RSV-ARI by combining hCFR data with hospital admission estimates from hospital-based studies. In 2015, there were about 1.5 million episodes (95% confidence interval [CI], .3 million–6.9 million) of RSV-ARI in older adults in industrialized countries (data for developing countries were missing), and of these, approximately 14.5% (214 000 episodes; 95% CI, 100 000–459 000) were admitted to hospitals. The global number of hospital admissions for RSV-ARI in older adults was estimated at 336 000 hospitalizations (uncertainty range [UR], 186 000–614 000). We further estimated about 14 000 in-hospital deaths (UR, 5000–50 000) related to RSV-ARI globally. The hospital admission rate and hCFR were higher for those aged ≥65 years than for those aged 50–64 years. The disease burden of RSV-ARI among older adults is substantial, with limited data from developing countries. Appropriate prevention and management strategies are needed to reduce this burden.

Published
2021

44. The Impact of Maternal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection on the Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Among Pregnant Women and Their Infants, Western Kenya.

Author

Nyawanda, Bryan O, Otieno, Nancy A, Otieno, Michael O, Emukule, Gideon O, Bigogo, Godfrey, Onyango, Clayton O, Lidechi, Shirley, Nyaundi, Jeremiah, Langley, Gayle E, Widdowson, Marc-Alain, and Chaves, Sandra S

Abstract

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of respiratory illness worldwide; however, burden data on mother-infant pairs remain sparse in sub-Saharan Africa, where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is prevalent. We evaluated the impact of maternal HIV infection on the burden of RSV among mothers and their infants in western Kenya.Methods: We enrolled pregnant women (≤20 weeks' gestation) and followed them and their newborns weekly for up to 3-6 months postpartum, to document cases of acute respiratory illness (ARI). Nasal/oropharyngeal swabs were collected and tested for RSV using polymerase chain reaction. Analyses were stratified by maternal HIV status and incidence was computed per 1000 person-months.Results: Compared to RSV-negative ARI cases, RSV-positive cases were associated with cough, apnea, and hospitalization among infants. RSV incidence per 1000 person-months among mothers was 4.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.2-4.4), and was twice that among the HIV-infected mothers (8.4 [95% CI, 5.7-12.0]) compared to the HIV-uninfected mothers (3.1 [95% CI, 2.3-4.0]). Among infants, incidence per 1000 person-months was 15.4 (95% CI, 12.5-18.8); incidence did not differ by HIV exposure or prematurity.Conclusions: HIV infection may increase the risk of RSV illness among pregnant women. Future maternal RSV vaccines may have added benefit in areas with high HIV prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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46. High Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Eight Months After Introduction in Nairobi, Kenya

Author

Ngere, Isaac A., primary, Dawa, Jeanette, additional, Hunsperger, Elizabeth, additional, Otieno, Nancy, additional, Masika, Moses, additional, Amoth, Patrick, additional, Makayotto, Lyndah, additional, Nasimiyu, Carolyne, additional, Gunn, Bronwyn Mei, additional, Nyawanda, Bryan, additional, Oluga, Ouma, additional, Ngunu, Carolyne, additional, Mirieri, Harriet, additional, Gachohi, John, additional, Marwanga, Doris, additional, Munywoki, Patrick, additional, Odhiambo, Dennis, additional, Alando, Moshe Dayan, additional, Breiman, Robert, additional, Anzala, Omu, additional, Njenga, M. Kariuki, additional, Bulterys, Marc, additional, Herman-Roloff, Amy, additional, and Osoro, Eric, additional

Published
2021
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47. Respiratory syncytial virus seasonality in three epidemiological zones of Kenya

Author

Rose, Erica Billig, primary, Nyawanda, Bryan O., additional, Munywoki, Patrick K., additional, Murunga, Nickson, additional, Bigogo, Godfrey M., additional, Otieno, Nancy A., additional, Onyango, Clayton, additional, Chaves, Sandra S., additional, Verani, Jennifer R., additional, Emukule, Gideon O., additional, Widdowson, Marc‐Alain, additional, Nokes, D. James, additional, Gerber, Susan I., additional, and Langley, Gayle E., additional

Published
2020
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48. Knowledge and attitudes towards influenza and influenza vaccination among pregnant women in Kenya

Author

Otieno, Nancy A., primary, Nyawanda, Bryan, additional, Otiato, Fredrick, additional, Adero, Maxwel, additional, Wairimu, Winnie N., additional, Atito, Raphael, additional, Wilson, Andrew D., additional, Gonzalez-Casanova, Ines, additional, Malik, Fauzia A., additional, Verani, Jennifer R., additional, Widdowson, Marc-Alain, additional, Omer, Saad B., additional, and Chaves, Sandra S., additional

Published
2020
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49. The Impact of Maternal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection on the Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Among Pregnant Women and Their Infants, Western Kenya

Author

Nyawanda, Bryan O, primary, Otieno, Nancy A, additional, Otieno, Michael O, additional, Emukule, Gideon O, additional, Bigogo, Godfrey, additional, Onyango, Clayton O, additional, Lidechi, Shirley, additional, Nyaundi, Jeremiah, additional, Langley, Gayle E, additional, Widdowson, Marc-Alain, additional, and Chaves, Sandra S, additional

Published
2020
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50. Drivers and barriers of vaccine acceptance among pregnant women in Kenya

Author

Otieno, Nancy A., primary, Otiato, Fredrick, additional, Nyawanda, Bryan, additional, Adero, Maxwel, additional, Wairimu, Winnie N., additional, Ouma, Dominic, additional, Atito, Raphael, additional, Wilson, Andrew, additional, Gonzalez-Casanova, Ines, additional, Malik, Fauzia A., additional, Widdowson, Marc-Alain, additional, Omer, Saad B., additional, Chaves, Sandra S., additional, and Verani, Jennifer R., additional

Published
2020
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