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Introduction: Liberia has a significant obstacle in terms of restricted power accessibility, as only 26.7% of its populace have access to electrical energy. To tackle this issue, there is a collaborative effort between the government and private sector to undertake energy projects aimed at enhancing the power supply of the grid. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the techno-economic feasibility and analyze the performance of a standalone biomass/solar photovoltaic (PV) hybrid energy system for a rural Liberian community that mostly relies on traditional biomass.Methods: HOMER pro program was used to configure the system, model the community’s load over a year, and generate the resource data of the location.Results and Discussion: Four different configurations were obtained and analyzed both technically and economically to determine the most feasible configuration. This study has shown that a hybrid configuration incorporating Biomass Gasifier, Solar PV, and Battery storage is more feasible with annual output power of 77104 kWh/yr, LCOE ($/kwh) of 0.29 and NPC ($) of 0.3979 million. If implemented with external funding, it will enhance the education, economic and socio-economic status of rural settlements. The results will serve as a valuable resource for informing choices on the implementation of the hybrid energy solution and guaranteeing its sustained efficacy within the community.

Microgrids are becoming a realistic choice for residential buildings due to the increasing need for affordable and sustainable energy solutions in developing nations. Through modeling and simulation, the main goal is to evaluate the viability and performance of a solar microgrid system. Residential load modeling is used, which is vital to developing an effective Energy Management System (EMS) for the microgrid. A residential household’s load metering data is examined using statistical methods, including time series and regression analysis. For the residential community load in this research, Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers and Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLC) are used to generate the necessary Direct Current (DC) microgrid voltage. The simulation research shows that FLC have benefits over PID controllers. The FLC technique performs better at reducing total harmonic distortion, which improves the microgrid system’s overall power quality. The Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model was found to be the most appropriate and reliable model for the dataset after the performance of the models was evaluated using the metrics. The optimization results also showed that FLC optimization improves the microgrid system’s stability. The exponential Gaussian process regression (GPR) produced the highest R-squared measure of 0.49 and RSME measure of 7.9646, making it the best goodness fit for modeling the total daily energy usage and the peak daily usage.

Despite promising solar potential in South Sudan, rural electrification has long been an issue for the country's growth and development, as well as addressing climate change and fuel cost limits. This study aims at the feasibility analysis of a hybrid energy system for a rural community in the Southern part of South Sudan without access to electricity. Over a year, typical energy consumption profiles were generated based on the energy needs of the community. HOMER pro program was used to configure and optimize the system, and six different combinations were simulated and analyzed economically and technically based on the standalone mode of operation. The PV/DG/Battery design offers the lowest Net Present Cost (NPC) and Cost of Energy (COE), with a 22.94% return on investment due to the substantial solar potential. The study also found a modest wind speed in rural areas. In the rural community, the proposed configuration system can help provide electricity access with an 85% renewable fraction. The results of this study's six hybrid systems/combinations can serve as a reference benchmark for stakeholders, demonstrating the possibilities of boosting renewables, changing configuration settings, and lowering the cost of electricity.

Nowadays, the major threat to humans occurs due to water quality deterioration. The quality of water creates a new sign for the public to prevent them from waterborne diseases. This study uses sensitive water quality parameters obtained from the northeast monsoon season, October 2021, at different locations in Mooli Kulam lake (11°07′17.6″ N, 77°22′59.9″ E) of Tiruppur District, Tamil Nadu, India. The parameters considered for the analysis of lake water quality are closely included with drinking and irrigation parameters. The northeast monsoon samples collected from the lake were analysed and the Water Quality Indexing was applied to the dataset using three methods, namely, the Weight Arithmetic method, the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, and Horton’s method. The parameters are divided into drinking water variables and irrigation water variables. This study includes water quality index mapping using Inverse Distance Weighting interpolation of the spatial distribution method using ArcMap 10.8. The dataset was subjected to correlation and regression analysis in order to determine the most significant pollutant. A total of 10 sampling stations and 23 water quality parameters have been analysed. The results obtained show that the lake has high eutrophication with compounds of potassium, iron, and nitrates.

The disposal practices of pharmaceutical-generated pollutants have become a serious threat to mankind’s health, safety, and environmental concerns. Pharmaceutically polluted effluents have been demonstrated as endocrine disruptors which mimic growth hormones when consumed at nG/L to mG/L concentrations. The production stages utilize both organic and inorganic compounds, which contribute to chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total dissolved solids (TDS) heavily. Conventional technologies have failed to accomplish zero liquid minimization. To achieve zero minimization, it is necessary to develop modernization techniques in effluent treatment streams. A novel technique to recover solids and organic matter removals as well as zero-liquid discharge (ZLD) flash mixer, stripping, and multi-effect evaporator (MEE) processes is employed. Flash mixing is a pre-treatment stage, and stripping enables solvent reclamation. The multi-effect evaporators involve heat transfer equipment mainly used for volume reduction and cutting down on waste handling costs. The multi-effect evaporator not only is able to eliminate pharmaceutical xenobiotics but also requires pre-treatments such as flash mixture and stripping column sections. Thus, this research emphasizes efficiently removing high total dissolved solids (HTDS) and high chemical oxygen demand (HCOD) from pharmaceutical effluent. The removal efficiency was found to be 85% for TDS and TSS, 93% for BOD, and 81% for COD, which is more than the conventional mode of treatment.