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Child under-nutrition is a major public health concern in developing countries including Ethiopia. Poor quality diet is the major determinant factor contributing to child undernutrition. Pulse crop production and consumption can improve children's nutrient quality and dietary diversity. This study aimed to compare the nutritional status and child health, dietary intake, and wealth index of preschool children among pulse crop producer and non-producer families in Ethiopia. The study hypothesized that children living in families who grew pulses and consumed pulses (rather than selling their crop) would have better nutritional status due to availability of this protein-rich food source. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine demographic background, child feeding and caring practice and varieties and amount of pulse crop produced at the household level. A simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 432 children aged 24-59 months from central Ethiopia the Data was entered to SPSS v 20, WHO Anthro-plus software used to calculate the anthropometry indices, child dietary intake, level of chickpea production and consumption and wealth index, were computed using logistic regression. Chickpea (cicer arietinum L) was produced by 55.3% of the participants. Most (60.7%) of the children from chickpea producer families were high pulse consumers whereas only 15.5% of children from non-producers were high chickpea consumers (the difference in proportion is significant at p-value Key words: chickpea, preschool children, chickpea consumption, chickpea production, nutritional status, INTRODUCTION Nutrition plays an important role in growth and development of children, where a healthy diet enhances physical and mental abilities [1]. Malnutrition in children is the determinant factor for [...]

Consuming diets of low diversity may lead to micronutrient deficiencies and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Dietary diversity (DD) has become a popular indicator to assess the quality of diets as well as nutrient adequacy of food intake among adults and children. With the high prevalence of malnutrition in the Northwest Region (NWR) of Cameroon, the objective of this study was to determine the DD of the diet and nutritional status of adults (18-65 years) and children (1-5 years) in four selected rural (Mankon and Mendakwe) and urban (Mankon and Nkwen) communities. Cross-sectional study design was used with multistage sampling technique to select the participants and study sites. The study sample consisted of a total of 1248 participants. Nutritional status of adults was determined using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), while weight-for-age, weight-for-height, height-for-age and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) were used for children. Dietary diversity (DD) of adults and children was determined using individual DD questionnaire. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. A significant number of adults from Nkwen (urban) were either overweight (n=74; 47.4%) or obese (n=44; 28.2%) with 43.6% (n=68) from urban Mankon. A significant number of adults from rural Mankon were normal weight (49.4%; n=77), while 2.6% (n=4) from Mendakwe (rural) were underweight and 64.1% (n=100) were normal weight. Children in the rural areas were severely underweight (n=45; 14.4%), while children in the urban areas were either normal (n=158; 50.6%) or overweight (n=43; 13.8%). Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) values indicated that most children in both urban and rural areas were not acutely malnourished. The food groups that were consumed most across all age groups in all areas were grains, roots and tubers, fats and oils. The least consumed were fruit and vegetables, including vitamin A-rich plant foods as well as milk and milk products. There was a significant relationship between poor DD and weight-for-height (MAM) among 1-3 year old children in urban Nkwen (p=0.03) and urban Mankon (p=0.04). Although there was no significant association between DD, BMI and WC across all areas, most of the adults who had good DD were either of normal weight, overweight or obese. Overweight and obesity were more prevalent in the urban areas compared to the rural areas. There is a need to investigate the association between overall dietary intake and nutritional status and not specifically DD. Key words: Malnutrition, nutritional status, dietary diversity, association, obesity, rural, urban, Cameroon, INTRODUCTION Macro- and micro-nutrient deficiencies due to the consumption of diets high in refined starch, few meats or meat alternatives and few fruits and vegetables have been a public health [...]

Purpose Preoperative malnutrition is associated with postoperative complications, prolonged intensive care unit stay, and mortality, leading to functional disability after non-cardiac surgery. However, its effects on cardiac and thoracic aortic surgery outcomes remain unknown. We examined the effects of preoperative malnutrition on disability-free survival after surgery and assessed the perioperative 12-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS2.0) score based on the preoperative nutritional status. Methods We included individuals aged [greater than or equal to] 55 years who underwent elective cardiac and/or thoracic aortic surgery between April 1, 2016 and December 28, 2018 in a tertiary center. The nutritional status was assessed preoperatively using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form, with scores < 12 points indicating a poor nutritional status. The JapanSCORE2 was calculated for surgical risk prediction. Our primary outcome was disability-free survival 1 year after surgery (WHODAS2.0 score: < 16%). The odds ratio of poor nutritional status for disability-free survival was calculated using multiple logistic regression analysis after adjusting for age, JapanSCORE2, and duration of surgery. Results One hundred patients were followed up for 1 year. Preoperatively, 41 of them had a poor nutritional status. The disability-free survival rates 1 year postoperatively were 46.3% (19/41) and 64.4% (38/59) in patients with and without poor preoperative nutritional status, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio of poor nutritional status for disability-free survival at 1 year after surgery was 0.42 (95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.99). Conclusion Patients with a poor preoperative nutritional status had less likely to show disability-free survival 1 year after cardiac and thoracic aortic surgery., Author(s): Hideaki Kawanishi [sup.1], Mitsuru Ida [sup.1], Yusuke Naito [sup.1], Masahiko Kawaguchi [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.410814.8, 0000 0004 0372 782X, Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, , 840 Shijo-Cho, [...]

Background Nutritional status assessment in children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) is critical for identifying patients who are at risk of protein-energy wasting (PEW) and for determining their nutritional needs and monitoring nutritional intervention outcomes. Methods In a case-control study, we enrolled 40 children (age range: 2-16 years) with NS and 40 apparently healthy children (age and sex-matched) as a control group. Anthropometric data, as well as demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, were collected. A dietary intake assessment using a 3-day food intake record was done, and the quadriceps rectus femoris thickness (QRFT) and quadriceps vastus intermedius thickness (QVIT) were assessed using B-mode ultrasound and compared between both groups. Results Children with NS had lower QRFT and QVIT measurements than control groups (p < 0.001). Inadequacy in protein intake occurred in 62.5% and 27.5% of the NS and control groups, respectively (p = 0.002). The thickness of the rectus and vastus muscles by ultrasound was significantly associated with the percentage of protein intake (p < 0.001). The ROC curve revealed that the best cutoff value of QRFT for the prediction of the patient at risk of malnutrition was [less than or equal to] 1.195 with an area under curve of 0.907, with p < 0.001. Conclusion In children with NS, skeletal muscle ultrasound is a simple and easy-to-use bedside technique for the identification of patients at risk of malnutrition. Graphical abstract, Author(s): Mona Hamed Gehad [sup.1] , Yousif Mohamed Yousif [sup.1] , Maha Ibrahim Metwally [sup.2] , Amany Mohammed AbdAllah [sup.3] , Lamiaa Lotfy Elhawy [sup.4] , Amal S. El-Shal [sup.5] [...]

Low birth weight is a public health problem in developing countries, and this can be linked to food practices and nutritional status of women before and during the pregnancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of food practices and nutritional status of pregnant women on birth weight in the health district of Garoua 1 located in the North-Cameroon. For this purpose, 55 women in the third trimester of pregnancy, attending antenatal care in three health centres of the district were recruited. A questionnaire was administered to them to collect information on sociodemographic and economic characteristics, and antenatal care. This information included age, marital status, matrimonial regime, level of education, number of antenatal clinical visits attended, and profession. The twenty-four-hour dietary recall was used to determine Individual Dietary Diversity Score and Food Consumption Frequency. Body Mass Index and Total Weight Gain were calculated. The results obtained showed that most of pregnant women of Garoua 1 were under-educated, with more than a quarter who had never gone to school, without any source of income, and were housewives. These conditions favour poor food practices as shown by the results which indicated that 25.4% of interviewed women consumed less than three meals per day, and 67.3% had a poor Individual Dietary Diversity Score, indicating that they did not consume more than two food groups per day. Individual Dietary Diversity Score and Food Consumption Frequency of the women significantly influenced (p Key words: Pregnant women, Food practices, Nutritional status, Low Birth Weight, Garoua, INTRODUCTION Infant malnutrition is a major public health problem in many sub-Saharan Africa countries, and it starts most often from a low birth weight (LBW) [1]. Low birth weight is [...]

Purpose Preoperative cognitive impairment is a significant factor influencing post-operative delirium. We have been performing routine pre-operative comprehensive assessments, including evaluation of cognitive function, handgrip strength, oral hygiene, and nutritional status, in patients aged [greater than or equal to] 65 years since April 2021. This study aimed to examine the completion rate of pre-operative comprehensive assessment and assess the prevalence of pre-operative undiagnosed cognitive impairment. Methods In this prospective observational study including patients aged [greater than or equal to] 65 years scheduled for elective surgery with general or regional anesthesia, cognitive impairment was defined as a Mini-Cog score [less than or equal to] 2, and its associations with handgrip strength, oral hygiene, and nutritional status were evaluated. Oral hygiene and nutritional status were assessed using an oral frailty self-checklist and the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form, respectively. The incidence of pre-operative undiagnosed cognitive impairment was estimated, and its associated factors were explored with multiple logistic regression. Results Among 331 eligible patients, the completion rate was 97.7% (305/312). The mean age was 74.8 years, and 13.1% (40/305) (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.7-17.3%) of the patients had pre-operative undiagnosed cognitive impairment. Multiple logistic regression revealed that handgrip strength (odds ratio [OR] = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.89-0.99) and oral frailty self-checklist score (OR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.02-1.40) were associated with pre-operative undiagnosed cognitive impairment, while the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form score was not significantly associated (OR = 0.97, 95%CI = 0.82-1.14). Conclusions Preoperative comprehensive assessment was feasible. The prevalence of pre-operative undiagnosed cognitive impairment was 13%, and poor handgrip strength and worse oral hygiene were significantly associated factors., Author(s): Shohei Nakatani [sup.1] [sup.2], Mitsuru Ida [sup.2], Kayo Uyama [sup.2], Yuki Kinugasa [sup.2], Masahiko Kawaguchi [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.413465.1, 0000 0004 1794 9028, Department of Anesthesiology, Akashi Medical [...]

Background: Nutritional assessment can be challenging in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and indirect calorimetry may be a more suitable method than predictive equations. We compared the Penn State equation versus the gold standard of indirect calorimetry for the nutritional assessment of patients with TBI, and quantified the difference between nutritional requirements and actual patient intake. Methods: This single-centre, prospective cohort study included patients with moderate (Glasgow Coma Scale score 9-12) and severe (Glasgow Coma Scale score 3-8) TBI admitted to the Montreal General Hospital intensive care unit (ICU) between June 2018 and March 2019. Penn State equation estimates and indirect calorimetry measurements were collected, and actual intake was drawn from medical records. We compared the 2 assessment methods using a Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: Twenty-three patients with TBI (moderate in 7 and severe in 16) were included in the study. Overall, there was a moderate positive correlation between the Penn State equation estimate and indirect calorimetry readings (correlation coefficient 0.457, p = 0.03); however, the correlation was weaker in severe TBI (correlation coefficient 0.174, p = 0.5) than in moderate TBI (correlation coefficient 0.929, p = 0.003). When compared to indirect calorimetry assessment, patients received 5.4% (p = 0.5) of required intake on the first day and 43.9% (p = 0.8) of required daily intake throughout their ICU stay. Conclusion: Patients with moderate or severe TBI in the ICU received less than 50% of their nutritional requirements. The difference between the Penn State equation and indirect calorimetry assessments was most noticeable for patients with severe TBI, which indicates that indirect calorimetry may be a more suitable tool for assessment of nutritional needs in this population. Contexte : L'évaluation nutritionnelle peut être compliquée chez les patients qui ont subi un traumatisme crânien (TC), et dans ce contexte, la méthode appelée calorimétrie indirecte pourrait être mieux adaptée que les équations prédictives. Nous avons comparé l'équation de Penn State à la norme en matière de calorimétrie indirecte pour l'évaluation nutritionnelle de patients victimes d'un TC, et calculé la différence entre les besoins nutritionnels des patients et leur apport nutritionnel réel. Méthodes : Cette étude de cohorte prospective menée dans un seul centre a inclus des patients présentant des TC modérés (score de 9-12 à l'échelle de Glasgow) et graves (score de 3-8 à l'échelle de Glasgow) admis à l'unité des soins intensifs (USI) de l'Hôpital général de Montréal entre juin 2018 et mars 2019. Les estimations de Penn State et les mesures de calorimétrie indirecte ont été recueillies et les apports réels ont été tirés des dossiers médicaux. Nous avons comparé les 2 méthodes d'évaluation au moyen du coefficient de corrélation de Spearman. Résultats : Vingt-trois patients victimes de TC (7 cas modérés et 16 cas graves) ont été inclus dans l'étude. Dans l'ensemble, on a noté une corrélation positive modérée entre les estimations fournies par l'équation de Penn State et les lectures de calorimétrie indirecte (coefficient de corrélation 0,457, p = 0,03); toutefois, la corrélation était plus faible dans les cas de TC graves (coefficient de corrélation 0,174, p = 0,5) que dans les cas modérés (coefficient de corrélation 0,929, p = 0,003). Comparativement aux évaluations de calorimétrie indirecte, les patients ont reçu 5.4% (p = 0,5) de l'apport requis le premier jour, et 43,9% (p = 0,8) de l'apport quotidien requis pendant le reste de leur séjour à l'USI. Conclusion : Les patients victimes de TC modérés ou graves hospitalisés à l'USI ont reçu moins de 50% de l'apport nutritionnel recommandé. La différence entre l'équation de Penn State et les évaluations de calorimétrie indirecte était plus manifeste chez les patients victimes de TC graves, ce qui indique que la calorimétrie indirecte pourrait mieux convenir à l'évaluation des besoins nutritionnels chez cette population., Avast amount of resources are used by patients who are admitted in the intensive care setting, particularly those with a high acuity of illness. Along with continuous monitoring, regular imaging [...]

Background/objectives To compare the Australian Dietary Guideline Index (DGI-2013) and the Pyramid-based Mediterranean Diet Score (pyrMDS) as measures of diet quality in an ethnically diverse group of older men. Subjects/methods Seven hundred and ninety-four older men aged [greater than or equal to]75 participated in wave 3 (2012-2013) of the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated diet history questionnaire. Ethnicity was based on self-reported country of birth and categorised as Australian-born (418 men), Italian or Greek migrants (188), and other migrants (188). Incident cardiovascular outcomes until March 2018 were measured using the composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), which comprises all-cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction, congestive cardiac failure, coronary revascularisation and/or ischaemic stroke. Ability to predict incident cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality were compared between standardised DGI-2013 pyrMDS scores by comparison of hazard ratios, discrimination (Harrell's C-statistic) and calibration (calibration plots). Results Italian and Greek migrant men had significantly lower DGI-2013 scores (91.7 vs. 93.9; p = 0.01) but significantly higher pyrMDS scores (8.8 vs. 8.2; p < 0.0001) than Australian-born men. In the whole sample (794 men), the pyrMDS was a better predictor of both MACE (age-adjusted HR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.75-0.94 vs. HR = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.82-1.03 for DGI-2013) and all-cause mortality (age-adjusted HR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.60-0.80 vs. HR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.74-0.99). The pyrMDS also demonstrated superior discrimination for predicting all-cause mortality and superior calibration for MACE and all-cause mortality. Conclusions The DGI-2013 appears to underestimate diet quality in older Italian and Greek migrant men. The pyrMDS appears superior to the DGI-2013 for prediction of incident cardiovascular disease and mortality regardless of ethnic background., Author(s): Fiona F. Stanaway [sup.1] [sup.2] , Rosilene V. Ribeiro [sup.3] , Saman Khalatbari-Soltani [sup.1] [sup.2] , Erin Cvejic [sup.1] , Fiona M. Blyth [sup.1] [sup.2] , Vasi Naganathan [sup.4] [...]

Preoperative malnutrition in patients with colorectal cancer is associated with several postoperative consequences and poorer prognosis. Currently, there is a lack of a universal screening tool to assess nutritional status, and intervention to treat preoperative malnutrition is often neglected. This review summarizes and compares preoperative screening and interventional tools to help providers optimize malnourished patients with colorectal cancer for surgery. We found that nutritional screenings, such as the Subjectibe Global Assessment, Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment, Prognostic Nutritional Index, Nutrition Risk Index, Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool, Nutrition Risk Screening 2002, Nutrition Risk Score, serum albumin, and prealbumin, have all effectively predicted postoperative outcome. Physicians should consider which of these tools best fits their needs based on the their mode of assessment, efficiency, and specified parameters. Additionally, preoperative nutritional support, such as trimodal prehabilitation, modified peripheral parenteral nutrition, and N-3 fatty acid and arginine supplementation, which have also benefited patients postoperatively, ought to be implemented appropriately according to their ease of execution. Given the high prevalence of preoperative malnutrition in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer, it is essential that health care providers assess and treat this malnutrition to reduce postoperative complications and length of hospital stay, and to improve prognosis to augment a patient's quality of care. La malnutrition préopératoire chez les patients atteints d'un cancer colorectal est associée à plusieurs complications postopératoires et à un pronostic plus sombre. Il n'existe actuellement aucun outil universel d'évaluation du statut nutritionnel, et les mesures visant à corriger la malnutrition préopératoire font souvent défaut. La présente revue résume et compare les outils de dépistage et d'intervention préopératoires pour aider les professionnels à améliorer l'état des patients dénutris qui doivent subir une chirurgie pour le cancer colorectal. Nous avons constaté que le dépistage nutritionnel à l'aide de questionnaires tels que l'Évaluation globale subjective, l'Index nutritionnel pronostique, l'Outil universel de dépistage de la malnutrition, NRS 2002 (Nutrition Risk Screening 2002), l'évaluation du risque nutritionnel, et le dosage de l'albumine et de la préalbumine sériques, a permis de prédire avec justesse l'issue de la chirurgie. Les médecins devraient vérifer lequel de ces outils est le mieux adapté à leurs besoins selon leur modalité d'évaluation, leur effcience et autres paramètres spécifques. Également, un soutien nutritionnel préopératoire, comme la préadaptation trimodale, la nutrition parentérale périphérique modifiée et les suppléments d'acides gras N-3 et d'arginine, qui ont aussi donné des résultats postopératoires favorables, devrait être appliqué selon sa facilité d'administration. Étant donné la forte prévalence de la malnutrition préopératoire chez les patients soumis à une chirurgie pour cancer colorectal, les professionnels de la santé se doivent d'évaluer et de corriger la malnutrition afn de prévenir les complications postopératoires, d'abréger la durée du séjour hospitalier, et d'améliorer ainsi le pronostic et la qualité des soins., As preoperative malnutrition is prevalent among patients with cancer, (1) the need to assess, monitor and treat it has become increasingly important. Patients with cancer often experience nutritional decline because [...]

Background/objectives Traditional malnutrition screening instruments, including the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), strongly rely on low body mass index (BMI) and weight loss. In overweight/obese patients, this may result in underdetection of malnutrition risk. Alternative instruments, like the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form (PG-SGA SF), include characteristics and risk factors irrespective of BMI. Therefore, we aimed to compare performance of MUST and PG-SGA SF in malnutrition risk evaluation in overweight/obese hospitalized patients. Subjects/methods We assessed malnutrition risk using MUST ([greater than or equal to]1 = increased risk) and PG-SGA SF ([greater than or equal to]4 = increased risk) in adult patients at hospital admission in a university hospital. We compared results for patients with BMI < 25 kg/m.sup.2 vs. BMI [greater than or equal to] 25 kg/m.sup.2. Results Of 430 patients analyzed (58 [plus or minus] 16 years, 53% male, BMI 26.9 [plus or minus] 5.5 kg/m.sup.2), 35% were overweight and 25% obese. Malnutrition risk was present in 16% according to MUST and 42% according to PG-SGA SF. In patients with BMI < 25 kg/m.sup.2, MUST identified 31% as at risk vs. 52% by PG-SGA SF. In patients with BMI [greater than or equal to] 25 kg/m.sup.2, MUST identified 5% as at risk vs. 36% by PG-SGA SF. Agreement between MUST and PG-SGA SF was low (к = 0.143). Of the overweight/obese patients at risk according to PG-SGA SF, 83/92 (90%) were categorized as low risk by MUST. Conclusions More than one-third of overweight/obese patients is at risk for malnutrition at hospital admission according to PG-SGA SF. Most of them are not identified by MUST. Awareness of BMI-dependency of malnutrition screening instruments and potential underestimation of malnutrition risk in overweight/obese patients by using these instruments is warranted., Author(s): Iris M. Y. van Vliet [sup.1] , Antonio W. Gomes-Neto [sup.2] , Margriet F. C. de Jong [sup.2] , Stephan J. L. Bakker [sup.2] , Harriët Jager-Wittenaar [sup.3] [sup.4] [...]