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Sistem pemerintahan dan pelayanan publik yang bersih, transparan, merupakan tantangan yang harus dijawab oleh lembaga pemerintahan dalam menjalankan fungsinya. Di lain pihak, kemajuan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi yang demikian pesat membuka peluang bagi pengaksesan, pengelolaan dan pendayagunaan informasi dalam volume yang besar secara cepat dan akurat. Sistem Database Terdistribusi merupakan suatu bentuk arsitektur sistem dimana komputer-komputer yang berdiri secara otonom dapat saling berkomunikasi dan berbagi resource tanpa memperdulikan dimana komputer platform yang digunakan. Penerapan basis data terdistribusi (distributed database) secara on –line berbasis web ini didasarkan atas pemikiran dan skabilitas dan pengembangan dimasa yang akan datang dalam membangun aplikasi E-Government terutama dalam permintaan data tentang kependudukan suatu wilayah dan pelayanan bagi masyarakat akan status atau identitas sebagai warga negara Indonesia yang ada di Kab. Pangkep. Sistem ini diharapkan menjadi suatu transformasi bagi pertumbuhan Indonesia dalam menciptakan suatu pelayanan publik yang memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat terutama dibidang kesejahteraan penduduk serta kepada Dinas Pencatatan Sipil Kab. Pangkep dapat memonitoring arus jumlah penduduk suatu wilayah di masa mendatang.

The formulation of the problem in this study is whether the supervision, work environment and The formulation of the problem in this study is: How is the influence of managerial leadership, personnel information systems and organizational climate on lecturers' work productivity. This study aims to determine the effect of managerial leadership, information systems personnel and organizational climate on the productivity of professors. With the total sampling technique samples in this study as many as 56 people. Managerial leadership partially has a positive effect on lecturers' work productivity; The information system partially has a positive effect on lecturers' work productivity; Organizational climate partially has a positive effect on lecturers' work productivity; Managerial leadership, information systems and organizational climate have a positive and positive effect on lecturers' work productivity.

Writing is a complicated skill should be mastered by students as it requires some knowledge related the purpose of the text, generic structure, and language features as well as the skills to organize the ideas and information in a logical way by keeping the unity and coherence of the text, so the piece of writing will be easily understood by the readers. Therefore, some students at the tenth grade of SMK Muhammadiyah Karangampel experience difficulties in writing a text, especially in writing descriptive texts. In order to improve the students’ skills in writing descriptive texts, the teacher applies semantic mapping strategy. The result shows that there is improvement in students’ scores after the treatment as semantic mapping technique facilitates their needs to brainstorm and organize ideas and information.

Background: The Indonesian government has begub to administer vaccines en mass and is planned in stages as an effort to prevent and control Covid-19 by immunity. To reduce the negative impact of immunization on individual health and the implementation of vaccination itself, it is best to know Covid-19 vaccines in Indonesia and their AEFI.Objective: The purpose of this article is to discuss Covid-19 vaccines in Indonesia and their AEFIMethod: Systematic review of studies about Covid-19 vaccines that have been and will be used in Indonesia along with an overview of AEFI.Results: There are five Covid-19 vaccines manufacturer that has been and will be used in Indonesia. The types of antigens used in the Covid-19 vaccine include a whole virus, protein subunits, and nucleic acid. Conclusion: Covid-19 vaccines are relatively safe and can rarely cause AEFI.

Attendance is an activity to store data related to employee attendance. Therefore, it is necessary to have a presence with a biometric identification system such as facial identification so that the presence can run quickly and at a low cost. Attendance system helps employees and companies to run attendance faster and cheaper. The K Nearest Neighbor algorithm has a function as a classification algorithm in machine learning. The K value which is the highest accuracy by reaching 100% is 4 people with the determination of K equal to 3

Background: Studies have shown type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accompanied by subclinical hypothyroid (SCH) leads to a higher retinopathy incidence, compared to T2DM without SCH. Furthermore, SCH patients are known to have a high risk of dyslipidemia. This study therefore aims to determine the relationship between dyslipidemia and retinopathy, in T2DM patients with SCH. Materials and Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design, and the study population consisted of adult patients diagnosed with T2DM over a year ago and visiting the Metabolic Endocrine Division’s outpatient ward at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The data collected include glycemic control, FT4, lipid profile TSHs, as well as retinopathy data. Results: According to the results, patients with T2DM and SCH accompanied by dyslipidemia, had a 2.76 times higher retinopathy risk, compared to patients without dyslipidemia ( p value = 0.014). Conclusion: A significant relationship was concluded to exist between dyslipidemia and retinopathy in T2DM patients with SCH. International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 04 October’21 Page: 478-483

Dalam kondisi ekonomi yang kurang baik dapat mempengaruhi kondisikeuangan perusahaan. Manajemen akan mencoba untuk melakukan berbagaicara untuk menghindari kondisi keuangan yang buruk atau biasa disebutdengan financial distress, salah satunya dengan earning management. Meskipuntindakan earning management ini dapat mengurangi kredibilitas suatu laporankeuangan. Dalam hal ini auditor berperan untuk meningkatkan kredibilitaslaporan keuangan. Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruhkepemilikan manajerial dan kualitas audit terhadap earning management denganfinancial distress sebagai variabel intervening. Sampel yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI denganperiode 2015-2017. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 34perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menununjukan bahwa kepemilikan manajemenberpengaruh posistif terhadap earning management

Background:According to some recent studies, a connection exists between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the occurrence of subclinical hypothyroid (SCH).This purpose of this research was therefore, to determine the proportion of SCH in those diagnosed with T2DM.Materials and Methods: Data was obtained for this cross-sectional study by analyzing 278 patients suffering from T2DM for at least 1 year. The collected data include glycemic control (HbA1c) and thyroid hormone. Those with triiodothyronine (fT3), thyroxine (fT4), and TSH (≥4 μIU/ml) were suffered from SCH and examined with ultrasonographic (USG) for clinical screening of thyroid diseases.Results:Approximately 7.2% patients with T2DM were above 60 years with significant differences in number of men and women diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. There is also a significant correlation between HbA1c and SCH in T2DM. Among 20 subjects with SCH, USG thyroid suggested thyroiditis in 15 subjects.Conclusions:The prevalence of SCH among T2DM patients is high, therefore, all those with T2DM need to be examined for thyroid dysfunction.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 01 January’21 Page: 12-15

Objectives: The morbidity and mortality rate of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is quite high. For example proportion of PUD in China was 17.2%. There is a lack of epidemiological data available for this disease in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the proportion of PUD in Haji Hospital Jakarta and to describe the risk factors of age, sex, and patient history of NSAIDs medication.Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study. Samples were patients who undergo esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) examinations at the Hajj Hospital Jakarta from 2015 until 2018. Samples who met the inclusion dan exclusion criteria were selected randomly as needed. Data of chief complaints, diagnosis, age, sex, and history of NSAIDs medication were taken from the medical record.Result and Discussions: 112 samples were selected in this study. Major chief complaint was dyspepsia (42.9%). The proportion of PUD was 16 (14.3%) and predominantly male (75%). Most of the samples with PUD were >46 years old (68.8%). History of NSAIDs medications were 81.3% and most commonly used was mefenamic acid (41.2%). There was no significant association between PUD with sex (p>0.005), but there was a significant association between PUD and age (p < 0.005). Furthermore, older people more than 46 years were 11.5 times more likely to develop peptic ulceration than below 46 years (PR= 11.556).Conclusion: Elderly people should be more aware of the risk of getting PUD, especially those who had a history of NSAIDs medication.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 01 January’21 Page: 27-30

This research intends to the classless society in Animal Farm. Therefore, the researchers analyzed how the reflection of the classless society in the novel. In analyzing this research, the researchers used a sociological approach to describes the classless society that is reflected in the novel Animal Farm. The researcher analyzes literary work based on the text and explains the sociological meaning by uses Marxist literary theory. The researcher analyzes the communism concept practiced and reflected to the society (farm) to create public welfare Moreover, the researcher used a qualitative method and descriptive analysis method in analyzing the data. There are two sources of data which are primary data and supporting data. The primary data was taken of the novel Orwell’s Animal Farm. Meanwhile, the supporting data were taken from book, journal, theses, and article. The result of this research is the researchers find the author’s way to reflected the classless society in the novel.

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is defined as retrograde flow of urine from the bladder to the ureter. It is usually asymptomatic but commonly found in children with urinary tract infection (UTI). The prevalence is about 1-2% in general pediatric population.1 However, the prevalence in children with UTI is much higher, reaching 30-57%.1,2 Similar prevalence (45.8%) is also reported in CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital. 3

This study identifies the prevalence, risk factors for GB virus C (GBV-C) and its relationship with other hepatitis viruses in a general population of Jakarta, Indonesia. A population-based sample of 995 people aged 15 and above was surveyed. Risk factors were identified by questionnaires and home visits. Serum was analyzed for seromarkers of hepatitis viruses, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The seroprevalence of GBV-C RNA (GB virus C ribonucleic acid) was 2.0%, HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) was 4.1%, anti-HBs (antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen) was 17.4%, anti-HCV (antibody to hepatitis C) was 3.5% and anti-HAV (antibody to hepatitis A virus) was 87.3%. Co-infection between HCV and GBV-C was not found while co-infection between HBV and GBV-C was detected in one case. Compared to low socioeconomic status, middle socioeconomic status had almost a five times higher risk of having GBV-C RNA (adjusted OR=5.29, 95% CI: 1.56–17.99). Transfusion and total alcohol consumption during lifetime were risk factors for GBV-C RNA (adjusted OR=4.76, 95% CI: 1.46–15.46 and adjusted OR=6.24, 95% CI: 1.28–30.35, respectively). In conclusion, the prevalence of GB virus C infections in Jakarta is moderate. Co-infection of GBV-C with HCV is not found, and that with HBV is very low. GBV-C transmission is associated with socioeconomic status, history of transfusion and alcohol consumption.

To know the clinical picture of subjects with NASH in Jakarta, Indonesia and the prevalence of insulin resistance, TNF-a, and adiponectin levels among them.this was a comparative cross-sectional study between patients with histopathologically confirmed NASH and normal subjects. The population of study was patients with fatty liver without history or significant consumption of ethanol. Patients were consecutively enrolled in the study if the ultrasonography showed fatty liver appearance with or without increased liver transaminases.Thirty patients and thirty normal subjects were recruited between February 2005 and January 2006. Median age of the patients was 45 years while the median age of the control group was 32 years. More than 80% of the patients were overweight (BMI 23-25 kg/m2) and obese (BMI25 kg/m2). Increased alanine aminotransaminase levels were found in almost two thirds of the patients. Other comorbidities included hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and type-2 diabetes mellitus. In patients with NASH, fasting insulin level, insulin resistance, and TNF-a level were significantly higher, whereas adiponectin level was significantly lower than the control group.Most of the metabolic syndrome determinants were found in patients with NASH. HOMA-IR and TNF-alpha levels in subjects with NASH are higher than those in controls. Adiponectin levels in subjects with NASH are lower than those in controls. Further epidemiological studies are still needed to elaborate the causal relationship of insulin resistance and cytokine profiles to the development of NASH in Indonesia.

To observe the tendency of decreased prevalence of H pylori infection in a 14 year-period and observe the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer.All patients who were diagnosed with dyspepsia and underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy in Cikini hospital Jakarta from January 1998 until December 2005 were evaluated. We evaluated the histopathologic result of H pylori, the presence of intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer. Data was grouped for 1 year period of time and was presented descriptively.Decreased prevalence of H. Pylori infection was found, from 12.8% in 1998, 12.4% in 1999, 14.7% in 2000, 9.6% in 2001, 11.9 % in 2002, 3.8% in 2003, 2.3% in 2004, 2.9% in 2005. Intestinal metaplasia was 4.7% in 1998, 3.2% in 1999, 3.1% in 2000, 2.3 % in 2001, 7.6% in 2002, 8.3% in year 2003, 6.5% in 2004, 7.1% in 2005. Prevalence of gastric cancer was 2.2% in 1998, 0.25% in 1999, 1.1% in 2000, 1.1% in 2001, 1.1% in 2002, 1.8% in 2003, 1.7% in 2004, 3.9% in 2005.There was decreased prevalence of H pylori infection in 8 year-period but there was no decreased prevalence of intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer found.

Infection of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a risk factor of chronic active hepatitis (CAH), hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Infection of HBV may develop to HCC without antecedent hepatic cirrhosis. Pathogenesis of HBV causing malignant changes has not been fully understood. HBx, a protein of HBV, is an activator of transcription process involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. Most of human cancer associated with mutation of p53, a Tumor Suppressor Genes, a protein serves as cellular protection for growth and cell division, which is one of predisposition factor of hepatocarcinoma. Some studies indicate the correlation between mutation / inactivation of p53 and HBV protein x (HBx) in hepatocarcinogenesis. In that process, HBx will suppress p53 function, which will lead to ineffective liver cell division and resulting in HCC.

HBV genotype has aclose association with prognosis and therapy as well as for epidemiology study. However, this examination can be done only in large cities that are not practical to send serum sample due to geographical burden and facilities. The aim of this study is to know whether HBV genotype can be determined from dried and stored serum on filter paper and compare the result with sera drawn directly from chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and hepatoma patients. Twenty-three serum samples were obtained from CHB patients. HBV DNA were quantitatively determined with Cobas Amplicor HBM (Roche Diagnostics GmBH, Germany) and dropped on to 3 x 1 cm filter papers. After allowed to dry in a plastic clip, it were put in a closed envelope then stored for 1 week in room condition (27 – 33 oC). DNA extraction were done from the filter papers after a short incubation period and HBV genotypes were determined with PCR and specific primers. For comparison, 20 CHB-Hbe(+) samples and 29 hepatoma samples were drawn directly and not dried. HBV genotype were detected in 18/23 (78.2%) from dried serum samples on filter paper while in sera that were not stored, from CHB-HBe(+) samples, 20/20 (100%) could be determined while from hepatoma patients, 24/29 (82.7%) samples. The proportion of genotype were in line with other reported HBV genotype examination for Indonesia. It is concluded that detection of HBV genotype can be done from dried serum in filter paper and stored for 1 week. (Med J Indones 2005; 14: 215-9) Keywords: Hepatitis B virus, genotype, filter paper

The number of drug users is markedly increased in recent times. Data were collected consecutively in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Mitra Menteng Abadi Hospital in Jakarta. HBsAg were examined using reverse passive hemaglutination assay (RPHA) and anti-HCV with dipstick method; both were from the laboratoium Hepatika, Mataram, Indonesia. In a 5 month period (March - August 1999) there were 203 cases of drug users. Most of them were male ( 185 cases or 91.1%) with a mean age of 21.2 ± 4.3 years. Mean age in starting to use the drug was 18.8 ± 4.0 years. The prevalence of anti-HCV and HBsAg positivity were 74.9% (151 cases) and 9.9% (19 cases), respectively. The prevalence of double infection was 7.4% (15 cases). Injection drug users (IDU) were 168 cases (84%). Extramarital sex was done by 62 cases (30.5%), but only 16 cases (8%) with more than one partner. Tattoo was found in 32 cases ( 15.8%). Multivariate analysis revealed that lDU and tattoo were the risk factors for anti-HCV positivity, with the OR of 9.15 (95% CI 3.28-5.53) and 13.24 (96% CI 1.6 - 109.55), respectively. No significant medical risk factor could be identified for HBsAg positivity. Double infection of HBV and HCV was found in 15 cases (7.4%). We concluded that the prevalence of HBV, HCV infection and double infection of HBV - HCV in drug users were high, with tattoo and injection drug usage as risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 48-55) Keywords: HBsAg, Anti-HCV, tattoo, injection drug users

Twenty six patients (pts) with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) who reLapsed or non-responded following.interferon (IFN) therapy were given lFN alfa-2b 3 MIU three times a week for 48 weeks in combination with Ribavirin 800-1000 mg daily 2I (80,8%) of the 26.pts completed the study consisted of 12 relapsers and 9 non-responders. Five pts dropped out due to drug adverse events in three pts and non-drug related reason in the other two. In the relapsed group complete response, relapse and sustained response rates were obtained in 9/12(75%), 2/2 (16,5%) and 7/12(58,3%) pts respectively. In the non- responding group, these figures were 3/9 (33,3%), 1/9(I1,1%), and 2/9(22,2%) pts, respectively. The most frequent adverse event was flu-like syndrome, which was found in 18 pts (85,7%). Combination therapy of IFN alfa-2b and ribavirin may induce sustained virological response in relapsed and non-responding CHC patients. This combination therapy is more effective for relapsers compared to for non-responders. (Med J Indones 2001; 10: 214-8) Keywords: Chronic hepatitis C, combination therapy, interferon, ribavirin

Registrasi kanker berbasis rumah sakit di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, telah dimu/ai tahun 1997, bertujuan untuk memberi data bagi program pengendalian kanker dan membanlu perencanaan rumah sakit. Maka/ah ini menyajikan registrasi kanker sepanjang tahun 1997-1998. Data dari semua pasien kanker yang baru terdiagnosis dicatat pada Formulir Registrasi Kanker. Yang didata ialah identitas pasien, demografi dan kultur, penilaian tumor dan usia, serta penatalaksanaan. Terdapat 2144 (0.48%) penderita kanker diantara 444.178 pasien baru yang berobat ke RSCM. Perbandingan perempuan dan laki-laki ada/ah 1.7 : 1. Usia terbanyak pada perempuan ada/ah 35-44 tahun, pada /aki-laki 45-54 tahun. Usia rata­ rata saat terdiagnosis umumnya lebih muda dibanding senter lainnya. Pada perempuan, kanker terbanyak ada/ah lqmker serviks, disusul o/eh payudara dan nasofaring sedang pada /aki-/aki terbanyak nasofaring, sumsum tu/ang dan hati. Pada anak, terbanyak ada/ah leukemia limfositik akut, leukemia non limfositik akut, retinob/astoma dan nefroblastoma . Pendidikan penderita perempuan lebih rendah dibanding laki-laki . Perempuan penderita kanker serviks. kulit, sumsum tu/ang, kelenjar getah bening dan laki-laki penderita kanker sumsum tulang, kelenjar getah bening dan mata mempunyai pendidikan yang lebih rendah. Sebanyak 85% diagnosis ditegakkan secara mikroskopik. Jum/ah kanker stadium awa/ lebih rendah dibanding stadium /anjut (47% vs 53%). Pada tahun 1998 terapi awal yang paling banyak diberikan ada/ah berturut-turut radioterapi, bedah dan kemoterapi. Hanya 45% pasien yang mempero/eh terapi da/am 3 bu/an pertama sete/ah diagnosis. Abstract The Hospital Based Cancer Registry in Registry in Cipto Mangunkusumo National Center General Hospital (RSCM), the teaching hospital of the Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia, was set up in 1997. Its aims were toprovide information on the magnitude of cartcer problems , and data for focussing cancer control programs, to facilitate thefollow up and to help plan hospital facilities . This paper presents a summary of the cancer registry data collected during the period of 1997-1998. Data from al newly diagnosed cancer patients was recorded in Cancer Registration Forms by the oncology doctors. The collected items of information were patient 's identification, demographic and cultural items, the tumor and its investigations, and the treatment. There were 2144 (0.48%) cancer patients among 444,178 new patients treated in RSCM hospital. The female to male patients ratio was 1.7 : 1. The age peak ed in females within 35-44 years, and in males within 45-54 years. In general. the mean age at diagnosis of various cancer was younger compared to other centers. In females, the most common cancers were cervical, breast, and nasophayngeal, and in males, they were nasopharyngeal, bone marrow, and liver cancers. In children, the most common cancers were acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute non­ lymphocytic leukemia, acute non-/ymphocytic leukemia, retinoblastoma, and nephrob/astoma . Female patients had lower educational level than males. Females with cervical, skin, bone marrow, lymph nodes cancer and males with bone marrow, lymph nodes and eye malignancy had lower educational level. There were 85% patients diagnosed by microscopic examination. The number of early stage cancer was lower corned to late stage cases (47% vs 53%). In 1998, the most frequent initial treatment was radiotherapy, followed by surgery and chemotherapy, and only 45% patients received treatments within 3 months after diagnosis. Keywords: Cancer registry, site, age, education, staging, diagnosis, treatment

[no abstract available]

This study identifies hepatirts C virus infection (HCV) and measures ibonucleic acid of hepatitis C virus (HCV RNA) and it,s relation to aminotransferase levels in the general population of Jalcarta. A popubrton-based sample of g7g people, aged 15 and above as ethnic group, current drinking habit, smoking habit, and educa RNA among Indonesian natives are similar with those of Ch infectionisfound in about hatf of the positive anti-HCV cases. alanine aminotransferase levels than negative HCV RNA cases.

In Indonesia, prior studies to identify risk factors for hepatitis A have not provided prevalence estimates in the general population. This study was conducted to measure the prevalence of antibody to hepatis A virus (anti-HAV), and to identify high risk populations and risk factors in preparation for an immunization program. Using randomly selected households in Jakarta, 987 adults and adolescents aged 15 and older were interviewed in 1994 to ascertain demographic information, socioeconomic status and risk factors for anti-HAV. Blood samples were taken for anti-HAV, SGOT and SGPT. Eighty seven percent of the participants were positive for anti-HAV. Risk increased with age, reaching an 18.8-fold risk (95 percent CI 8.0-44.2) among those aged 51 years and over, compared to the reference group aged 15-20 years. Anti-HAV was strongly associated with low socioeconomic status (odds ratio 4.9, 95 percent CI 2.5-9.4). Immunization against hepatitis B was associated with reduced risk of anti-HAV, and a history of foundice increased the risk of anti-HAV. Immunization against HAV should be targeted to adolescents and young adults, particularly those in higher socioeconomic groups, who are least likely to have natural immunity and who are most susceptible to HAV infection in adulthood.