1,371 results on '"Nurmi, P."'
Search Results
2. Investigating child sexual abuse material availability, searches, and users on the anonymous Tor network for a public health intervention strategy
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Nurmi, Juha, Paju, Arttu, Brumley, Billy Bob, Insoll, Tegan, Ovaska, Anna K., Soloveva, Valeriia, Vaaranen-Valkonen, Nina, Aaltonen, Mikko, and Arroyo, David
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Computer Science - Cryptography and Security - Abstract
Tor is widely used for staying anonymous online and accessing onion websites; unfortunately, Tor is popular for distributing and viewing illicit child sexual abuse material (CSAM). From 2018 to 2023, we analyse 176,683 onion domains and find that one-fifth share CSAM. We find that CSAM is easily available using 21 out of the 26 most-used Tor search engines. We analyse 110,133,715 search sessions from the Ahmia.fi search engine and discover that 11.1% seek CSAM. When searching CSAM by age, 40.5% search for 11-year-olds and younger; 11.0% for 12-year-olds; 8.2% for 13-year-olds; 11.6% for 14-year-olds; 10.9% for 15-year-olds; and 12.7% for 16-year-olds. We demonstrate accurate filtering for search engines, introduce intervention, show a questionnaire for CSAM users, and analyse 11,470 responses. 65.3% of CSAM users first saw the material when they were children themselves, and half of the respondents first saw the material accidentally, demonstrating the availability of CSAM. 48.1% want to stop using CSAM. Some seek help through Tor, and self-help websites are popular. Our survey finds commonalities between CSAM use and addiction. Help-seeking correlates with increasing viewing duration and frequency, depression, anxiety, self-harming thoughts, guilt, and shame. Yet, 73.9% of help seekers have not been able to receive it., Comment: Published in the Scientific Reports: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-58346-7
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- 2024
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3. Sustained meningeal lymphatic vessel atrophy or expansion does not alter Alzheimer’s disease-related amyloid pathology
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Antila, Salli, Chilov, Dmitri, Nurmi, Harri, Li, Zhilin, Näsi, Anni, Gotkiewicz, Maria, Sitnikova, Valeriia, Jäntti, Henna, Acosta, Natalia, Koivisto, Hennariikka, Ray, Jonathan, Keuters, Meike Hedwig, Sultan, Ibrahim, Scoyni, Flavia, Trevisan, Davide, Wojciechowski, Sara, Kaakinen, Mika, Dvořáková, Lenka, Singh, Abhishek, Jukkola, Jari, Korvenlaita, Nea, Eklund, Lauri, Koistinaho, Jari, Karaman, Sinem, Malm, Tarja, Tanila, Heikki, and Alitalo, Kari
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- 2024
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4. Cholangitis and Interruptions of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Associate with Reduced Overall and Progression-Free Survival in Pancreatic Cancer
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Vehviläinen, Sini, Kuuliala, Antti, Udd, Marianne, Nurmi, Anna, Peltola, Katriina, Haglund, Caj, Kylänpää, Leena, and Seppänen, Hanna
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- 2024
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5. Subnetwork enumeration algorithms for multilayer networks
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Nurmi, Tarmo and Kivelä, Mikko
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Physics - Physics and Society ,Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms ,Computer Science - Social and Information Networks - Abstract
To understand the structure of a network, it can be useful to break it down into its constituent pieces. This is the approach taken in a multitude of successful network analysis methods, such as motif analysis. These methods require one to enumerate or sample small connected subgraphs of a network, which can be computationally intractable if naive methods are used. Efficient algorithms exists for both enumeration and uniform sampling of subgraphs, and here we generalize the ESU algorithm for a very general notion of multilayer networks. We show that multilayer network subnetwork enumeration introduces nontrivial complications to the existing algorithm, and present two different generalized algorithms that preserve the desired features of unbiased sampling and trivial parallelization. We evaluate these algorithms in synthetic networks and with real-world data, and show that neither of the algorithms is strictly more efficient but rather the choice depends on the features of the data. Having a general algorithm for finding subnetworks makes advanced multilayer network analysis possible, and enables researchers to apply a variety of methods to previously difficult-to-handle multilayer networks in a variety of domains and across many different types of multilayer networks., Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures
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- 2023
6. Primordial black holes from a curvaton scenario with strongly non-Gaussian perturbations
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Gow, Andrew D., Miranda, Tays, and Nurmi, Sami
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Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology - Abstract
We investigate the production of primordial black holes (PBHs) in a mixed inflaton-curvaton scenario with a quadratic curvaton potential, assuming the curvaton is in de Sitter equilibrium during inflation with $\langle \chi\rangle =0$. In this setup, the curvature perturbation sourced by the curvaton is strongly non-Gaussian, containing no leading Gaussian term. We show that for $m^2/H^2\gtrsim 0.3$, the curvaton contribution to the spectrum of primordial perturbations on CMB scales can be kept negligible but on small scales the curvaton can source PBHs. In particular, PBHs in the asteroid mass range $10^{-16}M_{\odot}\lesssim M\lesssim 10^{-10}M_{\odot}$ with an abundance reaching $f_{\rm PBH} = 1$ can be produced when the inflationary Hubble scale $H\gtrsim 10^{12}$ GeV and the curvaton decay occurs in the window from slightly before the electroweak transition to around the QCD transition., Comment: 12 pages + appendices, 7 figures
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- 2023
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7. The functional connectome in obsessive-compulsive disorder: resting-state mega-analysis and machine learning classification for the ENIGMA-OCD consortium.
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Bruin, Willem, Abe, Yoshinari, Alonso, Pino, Anticevic, Alan, Backhausen, Lea, Balachander, Srinivas, Bargallo, Nuria, Batistuzzo, Marcelo, Benedetti, Francesco, Bertolin Triquell, Sara, Brem, Silvia, Calesella, Federico, Couto, Beatriz, Denys, Damiaan, Echevarria, Marco, Eng, Goi, Ferreira, Sónia, Feusner, Jamie, Grazioplene, Rachael, Gruner, Patricia, Guo, Joyce, Hagen, Kristen, Hansen, Bjarne, Hirano, Yoshiyuki, Hoexter, Marcelo, Jahanshad, Neda, Jaspers-Fayer, Fern, Kasprzak, Selina, Kim, Minah, Koch, Kathrin, Bin Kwak, Yoo, Kwon, Jun, Lazaro, Luisa, Li, Chiang-Shan, Lochner, Christine, Marsh, Rachel, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Menchon, Jose, Moreira, Pedro, Morgado, Pedro, Nakagawa, Akiko, Nakao, Tomohiro, Narayanaswamy, Janardhanan, Nurmi, Erika, Zorrilla, Jose, Picó-Pérez, Maria, Piras, Fabrizio, Piras, Federica, Pittenger, Christopher, Reddy, Janardhan, Rodriguez-Manrique, Daniela, Sakai, Yuki, Shimizu, Eiji, Shivakumar, Venkataram, Simpson, Blair, Soriano-Mas, Carles, Sousa, Nuno, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Stern, Emily, Evelyn Stewart, S, Szeszko, Philip, Tang, Jinsong, Thomopoulos, Sophia, Thorsen, Anders, Yoshida, Tokiko, Tomiyama, Hirofumi, Vai, Benedetta, Veer, Ilya, Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan, Vetter, Nora, Vriend, Chris, Walitza, Susanne, Waller, Lea, Wang, Zhen, Watanabe, Anri, Wolff, Nicole, Yun, Je-Yeon, Zhao, Qing, van Leeuwen, Wieke, van Marle, Hein, van de Mortel, Laurens, van der Straten, Anouk, van der Werf, Ysbrand, Thompson, Paul, Stein, Dan, van den Heuvel, Odile, van Wingen, Guido, and Piacentini, John
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Humans ,Connectome ,Brain Mapping ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Brain ,Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ,Biomarkers ,Neural Pathways - Abstract
Current knowledge about functional connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is based on small-scale studies, limiting the generalizability of results. Moreover, the majority of studies have focused only on predefined regions or functional networks rather than connectivity throughout the entire brain. Here, we investigated differences in resting-state functional connectivity between OCD patients and healthy controls (HC) using mega-analysis of data from 1024 OCD patients and 1028 HC from 28 independent samples of the ENIGMA-OCD consortium. We assessed group differences in whole-brain functional connectivity at both the regional and network level, and investigated whether functional connectivity could serve as biomarker to identify patient status at the individual level using machine learning analysis. The mega-analyses revealed widespread abnormalities in functional connectivity in OCD, with global hypo-connectivity (Cohens d: -0.27 to -0.13) and few hyper-connections, mainly with the thalamus (Cohens d: 0.19 to 0.22). Most hypo-connections were located within the sensorimotor network and no fronto-striatal abnormalities were found. Overall, classification performances were poor, with area-under-the-receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) scores ranging between 0.567 and 0.673, with better classification for medicated (AUC = 0.702) than unmedicated (AUC = 0.608) patients versus healthy controls. These findings provide partial support for existing pathophysiological models of OCD and highlight the important role of the sensorimotor network in OCD. However, resting-state connectivity does not so far provide an accurate biomarker for identifying patients at the individual level.
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- 2023
8. Determinants of cough-related quality of life in interstitial lung diseases
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Eeva Saari, Minna Mononen, Hannele Hasala, Hanna Nurmi, Hannu-Pekka Kettunen, Sanna Suoranta, Elisa Lappi-Blanco, Riitta Kaarteenaho, Minna Purokivi, and Heikki Olavi Koskela
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Cough ,Interstitial lung disease ,Leicester cough questionnaire ,Quality of life ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Abstract Background Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) include a wide range of diseases impacting lung parenchyma and leading to fibrosis and architectural distortion. Chronic cough and dyspnea are common symptoms which affect the quality of life (QoL) in ILD patients. The mechanisms of cough in ILD patients are still unknown. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate histological, radiological, and physiological determinants of cough-related QoL in ILD patients who underwent transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC). Methods All patients (n = 111) filled in The Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) and The St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). They underwent lung function tests, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced vital expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), diffusion capacity to carbon monoxide (DLCO), high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), and blood samples before diagnostic TBLC. Two experienced radiologists assessed the extents of following HRCT patterns: ground-glass opacities (GGO), honeycombing, reticulation, traction bronchiectasis, and emphysema. Histology of TBLC were re-analyzed by two experienced pulmonary pathologists and the presence of fibroblast foci, fibrosis, giant cells, granulomas, and honeycombing were recorded. Results In the median multivariate regression analysis, BMI (-0.19; 95% CI -0.37- -0.014; p 0.035), GGO (-0.38; 95% CI -0.61- -0.15; p 0.001), granulomas (-3.21; 95% CI -6.12- -0.30; p 0.031), and current smoking (2.49; 95% CI 0.12–4.86; p 0.040) showed independent associations with LCQ total score. BMI (1.3; 95% CI 0.20–2.42; p 0.021) and DLCO (-0.51; 95% CI -0.85 - -0.16; p 0.004) showed independent association with SGRQ total score. Conclusion Determinants of cough-related QoL in ILD patients are multifactorial including physiological, radiological and histological parameters.
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- 2024
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9. Outcomes After Multimodality Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer in an Unselected Single-Center Cohort
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Heervä E, Väliaho V, Nurmi H, Lietzen E, Ålgars A, and Kauhanen S
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pancreatic cancer ,pancreas ,pancreatectomy ,nab-paclitaxel ,chemoradiotherapy ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Eetu Heervä,1 Vesa Väliaho,1 Heidi Nurmi,1 Elina Lietzen,2 Annika Ålgars,1 Saila Kauhanen2 1Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; 2Department of Digestive Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, FinlandCorrespondence: Eetu Heervä, Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11, Turku, 20521, Finland, Tel +35823130000, Fax +35823131316, Email eetu.heerva@utu.fiBackground: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a lethal and rarely resectable malignancy. Here we explore the outcomes of surgery, as compared to definitive radiotherapy (dRT) or systemic therapy only in PDAC.Methods: Pancreatic surgery and radiotherapy in Southwest Finland have been centralized to Turku University Hospital. Previously validated population-based electronic health records database was searched for all unselected PDAC patients from the years 2009– 2019. Main outcome was median overall survival (mOS). Demographics, pathology, surgery, and oncological treatment data were collected.Results: We identified 1006 patients with PDAC, 49% male, median age 71 years and 77% presenting with metastatic disease. In total, 405 patients were treated; 92 resected, 26 dRT without resection and 287 systemic therapy only. mOS was 34.6 months for resected, 26.7 months for dRT, and 7.5 months for systemic therapy patients. Among the 88 patients with locally advanced inoperable PDAC, dRT was independently associated with longer mOS (26.7 months) as compared to systemic therapy only (mOS 10.6 months). Among the 287 patients treated with systemic therapy only, combination chemotherapy was independently associated with longer mOS (11.6 months) as compared to gemcitabine-monotherapy (6.8 months). In patients progressing to second-line systemic treatment after gemcitabine failure, mOS was the same (5.0 months) with single or combination regimens.Conclusion: Surgery remains the only curative approach for PDAC. In locally advanced PDAC, dRT was associated with longer survival as compared to systemic therapy only. Concerning first-line systemic therapy, our results support the use of combination chemotherapy over single-agent therapy.Keywords: pancreatic cancer, pancreas, pancreatectomy, nab-paclitaxel, chemoradiotherapy
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- 2024
10. The creation, implementation, and harmonisation of medical standard operating procedures and checklists of Finnish Helicopter Emergency Medical Service units
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Simo Tukia, Jari Pirnes, Jouni Nurmi, and Hilla Nordquist
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Standard operating procedures ,Checklist ,Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) ,Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study was to investigate the creation, implementation, and harmonisation of medical Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) in Finnish Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS). The research questions are: (1) What factors influence the creation and implementation of medical SOPs for Finnish HEMS units? and (2) What can be done to harmonise the medical SOPs of Finnish HEMS units? Methods The research was conducted as a qualitative interview study with HEMS physicians who worked full-time in Finnish HEMS units or had worked in HEMS for more than five years. Three HEMS physicians from each of the six HEMS units in Finland participated in the study (n = 18). The thematic interviews (average duration 32 min) were transcribed (70,176 words in Finnish) and analysed using inductive content analysis. Results The results of the first research question formed three main categories: (1) Background to developing medical SOPs and checklists (CLs), (2) Creation of medical SOPs in Finnish HEMS units, and (3) Implementation of medical SOPs and CLs. The main categories were divided into eight upper categories and twelve subcategories. The results of the second research question formed four main categories: (1) Prerequisites for harmonising procedures, (2) System-level changes needed, (3) Integrating common medical SOPs into HEMS, and (4) Cultural change. The main categories were divided into nine upper categories and nine subcategories. Conclusions Medical SOPs and CLs are an integral part of Finnish HEMS. Each unit creates its own SOPs and CLs; their development, implementation, and follow-up are relatively unstructured. Harmonising existing SOPs would be possible, but developing common SOPs would require structural changes in HEMS and a stronger sense of community belonging among HEMS physicians.
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- 2024
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11. A scenario based approach to optimizing cost-effectiveness of physician-staffed Helicopter Emergency Medical Services compared to ground-based Emergency Medical Services in Finland
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Axel Ackermann, Jukka Pappinen, Jouni Nurmi, Hilla Nordquist, Anssi Saviluoto, Santtu Mannila, Simo Mäkelä, and Paulus Torkki
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Helicopter Emergency Medical Services ,Air ambulances ,Cost-effectiveness ,ICER ,Prehospital care ,Optimization ,Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 - Abstract
Abstract Objectives Since Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) is an expensive resource in terms of unit price compared to ground-based Emergency Medical Service (EMS), it is important to further investigate which methods would allow for the optimization of these services. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of physician-staffed HEMS compared to ground-based EMS in developed scenarios with improvements in triage, aviation performance, and the inclusion of ischemic stroke patients. Methods Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was assessed by comparing health outcomes and costs of HEMS versus ground-based EMS across six different scenarios. Estimated 30-day mortality and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were used to measure health benefits. Quality-of-Life (QoL) was assessed with EuroQoL instrument, and a one-way sensitivity analysis was carried out across different patient groups. Survival estimates were evaluated from the national FinnHEMS database, with cost analysis based on the most recent financial reports. Results The best outcome was achieved in Scenario 3.1 which included a reduction in over-alerts, aviation performance enhancement, and assessment of ischemic stroke patients. This scenario yielded 1077.07–1436.09 additional QALYs with an ICER of 33,703-44,937 €/QALY. This represented a 27.72% increase in the additional QALYs and a 21.05% reduction in the ICER compared to the current practice. Conclusions The cost-effectiveness of HEMS can be highly improved by adding stroke patients into the dispatch criteria, as the overall costs are fixed, and the cost-effectiveness is determined based on the utilization rate of capacity.
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- 2024
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12. Malware Finances and Operations: a Data-Driven Study of the Value Chain for Infections and Compromised Access
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Nurmi, Juha, Niemelä, Mikko, and Brumley, Billy Bob
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Computer Science - Cryptography and Security - Abstract
We investigate the criminal market dynamics of infostealer malware and publish three evidence datasets on malware infections and trade. We justify the value chain between illicit enterprises using the datasets, compare the prices and added value, and use the value chain to identify the most effective countermeasures. We begin by examining infostealer malware victim logs shared by actors on hacking forums, and extract victim information and mask sensitive data to protect privacy. We find access to these same victims for sale at Genesis Market. This technically sophisticated marketplace provides its own browser to access victim's online accounts. We collect a second dataset and discover that 91% of prices fall between 1--20 US dollars, with a median of 5 US dollars. Database Market sells access to compromised online accounts. We produce yet another dataset, finding 91% of prices fall between 1--30 US dollars, with a median of 7 US dollars., Comment: In The 18th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES 2023), August 29 -- September 1, 2023, Benevento, Italy. 12 pages
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- 2023
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13. SoK: A Systematic Review of TEE Usage for Developing Trusted Applications
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Paju, Arttu, Javed, Muhammad Owais, Nurmi, Juha, Savimäki, Juha, McGillion, Brian, and Brumley, Billy Bob
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Computer Science - Cryptography and Security - Abstract
Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) are a feature of modern central processing units (CPUs) that aim to provide a high assurance, isolated environment in which to run workloads that demand both confidentiality and integrity. Hardware and software components in the CPU isolate workloads, commonly referred to as Trusted Applications (TAs), from the main operating system (OS). This article aims to analyse the TEE ecosystem, determine its usability, and suggest improvements where necessary to make adoption easier. To better understand TEE usage, we gathered academic and practical examples from a total of 223 references. We summarise the literature and provide a publication timeline, along with insights into the evolution of TEE research and deployment. We categorise TAs into major groups and analyse the tools available to developers. Lastly, we evaluate trusted container projects, test performance, and identify the requirements for migrating applications inside them., Comment: In The 18th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES 2023), August 29 -- September 01, 2023, Benevento, Italy. 15 pages
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- 2023
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14. A Survey on Approximate Edge AI for Energy Efficient Autonomous Driving Services
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Katare, Dewant, Perino, Diego, Nurmi, Jari, Warnier, Martijn, Janssen, Marijn, and Ding, Aaron Yi
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Computer Science - Robotics ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Autonomous driving services rely heavily on sensors such as cameras, LiDAR, radar, and communication modules. A common practice of processing the sensed data is using a high-performance computing unit placed inside the vehicle, which deploys AI models and algorithms to act as the brain or administrator of the vehicle. The vehicular data generated from average hours of driving can be up to 20 Terabytes depending on the data rate and specification of the sensors. Given the scale and fast growth of services for autonomous driving, it is essential to improve the overall energy and environmental efficiency, especially in the trend towards vehicular electrification (e.g., battery-powered). Although the areas have seen significant advancements in sensor technologies, wireless communications, computing and AI/ML algorithms, the challenge still exists in how to apply and integrate those technology innovations to achieve energy efficiency. This survey reviews and compares the connected vehicular applications, vehicular communications, approximation and Edge AI techniques. The focus is on energy efficiency by covering newly proposed approximation and enabling frameworks. To the best of our knowledge, this survey is the first to review the latest approximate Edge AI frameworks and publicly available datasets in energy-efficient autonomous driving. The insights and vision from this survey can be beneficial for the collaborative driving service development on low-power and memory-constrained systems and also for the energy optimization of autonomous vehicles.
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- 2023
15. Polygenic contributions to performance on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task.
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Congdon, E, Sabb, F, Seaman, L, McElroy, J, Libowitz, M, Weafer, J, Gray, J, Dean, A, Hellemann, G, Nurmi, E, Laughlin, C, de Wit, H, Palmer, A, MacKillop, J, Cannon, T, Bilder, Robert, and London, Edythe
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Humans ,Bipolar Disorder ,Schizophrenia ,Risk Factors ,Brain ,Alcohol Drinking ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Multifactorial Inheritance ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease - Abstract
Risky decision-making is a common, heritable endophenotype seen across many psychiatric disorders. Its underlying genetic architecture is incompletely explored. We examined behavior in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), which tests risky decision-making, in two independent samples of European ancestry. One sample (n = 1138) comprised healthy participants and some psychiatric patients (53 schizophrenia, 42 bipolar disorder, 47 ADHD); the other (n = 911) excluded for recent treatment of various psychiatric disorders but not ADHD. Participants provided DNA and performed the BART, indexed by mean adjusted pumps. We constructed a polygenic risk score (PRS) for discovery in each dataset and tested it in the other as replication. Subsequently, a genome-wide MEGA-analysis, combining both samples, tested genetic correlation with risk-taking self-report in the UK Biobank sample and psychiatric phenotypes characterized by risk-taking (ADHD, Bipolar Disorder, Alcohol Use Disorder, prior cannabis use) in the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. The PRS for BART performance in one dataset predicted task performance in the replication sample (r = 0.13, p = 0.000012, pFDR = 0.000052), as did the reciprocal analysis (r = 0.09, p = 0.0083, pFDR=0.04). Excluding participants with psychiatric diagnoses produced similar results. The MEGA-GWAS identified a single SNP (rs12023073; p = 3.24 × 10-8) near IGSF21, a protein involved in inhibitory brain synapses; replication samples are needed to validate this result. A PRS for self-reported cannabis use (p = 0.00047, pFDR = 0.0053), but not self-reported risk-taking or psychiatric disorder status, predicted behavior on the BART in our MEGA-GWAS sample. The findings reveal polygenic architecture of risky decision-making as measured by the BART and highlight its overlap with cannabis use.
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- 2023
16. Abandoning the use of tension in tibial fracture nailing is associated with lower rate for acute compartment syndrome?
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Ponkilainen, Ville and Nurmi, Heikki
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- 2024
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17. Determinants of cough-related quality of life in interstitial lung diseases
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Saari, Eeva, Mononen, Minna, Hasala, Hannele, Nurmi, Hanna, Kettunen, Hannu-Pekka, Suoranta, Sanna, Lappi-Blanco, Elisa, Kaarteenaho, Riitta, Purokivi, Minna, and Koskela, Heikki Olavi
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- 2024
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18. The creation, implementation, and harmonisation of medical standard operating procedures and checklists of Finnish Helicopter Emergency Medical Service units
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Tukia, Simo, Pirnes, Jari, Nurmi, Jouni, and Nordquist, Hilla
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- 2024
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19. A scenario based approach to optimizing cost-effectiveness of physician-staffed Helicopter Emergency Medical Services compared to ground-based Emergency Medical Services in Finland
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Ackermann, Axel, Pappinen, Jukka, Nurmi, Jouni, Nordquist, Hilla, Saviluoto, Anssi, Mannila, Santtu, Mäkelä, Simo, and Torkki, Paulus
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- 2024
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20. Predicting plastron thermodynamic stability for underwater superhydrophobicity
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Tesler, Alexander B., Nurmi, Heikki A., Kolle, Stefan, Prado, Lucia H., Karunakaran, Bhuvaneshwari, Mazare, Anca, Erceg, Ina, de Brito Soares, Íris, Sarau, George, Christiansen, Silke, Stafslien, Shane, Alvarenga, Jack, Aizenberg, Joanna, Fabry, Ben, Ras, Robin H. A., and Goldmann, Wolfgang H.
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- 2024
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21. Development and internal validation of an algorithm for estimating mortality in patients encountered by physician-staffed helicopter emergency medical services
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Reitala, Emil, Lääperi, Mitja, Skrifvars, Markus B., Silfvast, Tom, Vihonen, Hanna, Toivonen, Pamela, Tommila, Miretta, Raatiniemi, Lasse, and Nurmi, Jouni
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- 2024
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22. Single-cell characterisation of tissue homing CD4 + and CD8 + T cell clones in immune-mediated refractory arthritis
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Bhattacharya, Dipabarna, Theodoropoulos, Jason, Nurmi, Katariina, Juutilainen, Timo, Eklund, Kari K., Koivuniemi, Riitta, Kelkka, Tiina, Mustjoki, Satu, and Lönnberg, Tapio
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- 2024
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23. Agreement between self-reported and registered age at asthma diagnosis in Finland
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Nurmi, Elias, Vähätalo, Iida, Ilmarinen, Pinja, Andersén, Heidi, Tuomisto, Leena E., Sovijärvi, Anssi, Backman, Helena, Lehtimäki, Lauri, Hedman, Linnea, Langhammer, Arnulf, Nwaru, Bright I., Piirilä, Päivi, and Kankaanranta, Hannu
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- 2024
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24. Inflationary gravitational wave background as a tail effect
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Jokela, Niko, Kajantie, K., Laine, M., Nurmi, Sami, and Sarkkinen, Miika
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General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology - Abstract
The free propagator of a massless mode in an expanding universe can be written as a sum of two terms, a lightcone and a tail part. The latter describes a subluminal (time-like) signal. We show that the inflationary gravitational wave background, influencing cosmic microwave background polarization, and routinely used for constraining inflationary models through the so-called $r$ ratio, originates exclusively from the tail part., Comment: 8 pages
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- 2023
25. The Effectiveness of Achieve Student Competency between Learning Using Video-Based Media and Power Points in Environmental Science Courses
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Pakpahan, Nurmi Frida Dorintan Bertua
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Environmental problems still require a lot of solutions that need to involve various groups including universities. Through effective environmental education learning, it can have an impact on awareness and achievement of student competencies in Environmental Science courses. The application of learning media by utilizing digital technology is expected to be effective in explaining material on global environmental issues related to human relations with the environment, environmental principles, pollution, utilization of natural resources. The objectives of this study were to: 1) obtain the level of student competence through video-based learning media in the Environmental Science course; 2) obtain the level of student competence with power point learning media; 3) obtain the effectiveness of student competency achievement between learning with video-based media and powerpoint media. This research is a descriptive quantitative study to determine the effectiveness of student competency achievement between video-based media learning and power point media learning. The object of research is video-based learning media and power point learning media in Environmental Science courses. The subjects of this study were a group of students with video-based media learning as many as 30 people and a group of students with power point media learning as many as 32 people. The research instrument is a student competency test (pre-test and post-test) to measure the effectiveness of video-based media compared to power point media after learning Environmental Science material. The test contains 25 multiple-choice questions with a per-item score of 0 or 1 and a score range of 0-100. The results showed: first, the final competence of all students after learning using video-based media was at a high level with an average score of 78.80 75. Second, the final competence of all students after learning using power point media was still at a moderate level, namely with an average score of 72.13 75. Third, the competence of students with learning using video-based media obtained an average score of 78.80 75. The average score of student competence with learning power point media is 72.13 75. That is, the effectiveness of learning using video-based media is higher than using power point media in Environmental Science courses.
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- 2022
26. Predicting plastron thermodynamic stability for underwater superhydrophobicity
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Alexander B. Tesler, Heikki A. Nurmi, Stefan Kolle, Lucia H. Prado, Bhuvaneshwari Karunakaran, Anca Mazare, Ina Erceg, Íris de Brito Soares, George Sarau, Silke Christiansen, Shane Stafslien, Jack Alvarenga, Joanna Aizenberg, Ben Fabry, Robin H. A. Ras, and Wolfgang H. Goldmann
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Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 - Abstract
Abstract Non-wettable surfaces, especially those capable of passively trapping air in rough protrusions, can provide surface resilience to the detrimental effects of wetting-related phenomena. However, the development of such superhydrophobic surfaces with a long-lasting entrapped air layer, called plastron, is hampered by the lack of evaluation criteria and methods that can unambiguously distinguish between stable and metastable Cassie-Baxter wetting regimes. The information to evaluate the stability of the wetting regime is missing from the commonly used contact angle goniometry. Therefore, it is necessary to determine which surface features can be used as a signature to identify thermodynamically stable plastron. Here, we describe a methodology for evaluating the thermodynamic underwater stability of the Cassie-Baxter wetting regime of superhydrophobic surfaces by measuring the surface roughness, solid-liquid area fraction, and Young’s contact angle. The method allowed the prediction of passive plastron stability for over one year of continuous submersion, the impeding of mussel and barnacle adhesion, and inhibition of metal corrosion in seawater. Such submersion-stable superhydrophobicity, in which water is repelled by a stable passive air layer trapped between the solid substrate and the surrounding liquid for extended periods at ambient conditions, opens new avenues for science and technologies that require continuous contact of solids with aqueous media.
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- 2024
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27. Development of metacognitive skills on the implementation of EAQD-PC models-learning journals in biology learning
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N. Nurmi, Herawati Susilo, I. Ibrohim, and S. Suhadi
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metacognitive skills ,eaqd-pc model ,learning journal ,Education (General) ,L7-991 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Metacognitive skills are important because they help people develop an understanding of effective strategies. This skill also helps improve one's critical thinking and creative thinking so as to be able to overcome problems in everyday life. The purpose of this research is to train students' metacognitive skills through biology learning using the EAQD-PC learning model (acronym of exploring, analyzing, questioning, defining-peer coaching) which is integrated learning journals (LJ). This research was conducted at the University of Muhammadiyah Bone, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Using a quantitative research design, 43 students were taught by EAQD-PC-LJ. Metacognitive skills were tested with an essay test three times. Previous essay tests were validated by expert raters and tested on previous batches of students to measure empirical validity and reliability. All tests are valid and reliable. The results of the treatment showed an improvement in students' metacognitive skills through three tests. The findings of this study prove that EAQD-PC-LJ is effectively used to improve students' metacognitive skills through the learning process. Learning journals have an important role as a tool to train students' mastery of concepts and knowledge.
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- 2024
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28. Development and internal validation of an algorithm for estimating mortality in patients encountered by physician-staffed helicopter emergency medical services
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Emil Reitala, Mitja Lääperi, Markus B. Skrifvars, Tom Silfvast, Hanna Vihonen, Pamela Toivonen, Miretta Tommila, Lasse Raatiniemi, and Jouni Nurmi
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Risk prediction model ,Air ambulances ,Critical care ,Mortality ,Emergency medical services ,Pre-hospital ,Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 - Abstract
Abstract Background Severity of illness scoring systems are used in intensive care units to enable the calculation of adjusted outcomes for audit and benchmarking purposes. Similar tools are lacking for pre-hospital emergency medicine. Therefore, using a national helicopter emergency medical services database, we developed and internally validated a mortality prediction algorithm. Methods We conducted a multicentre retrospective observational register-based cohort study based on the patients treated by five physician-staffed Finnish helicopter emergency medical service units between 2012 and 2019. Only patients aged 16 and over treated by physician-staffed units were included. We analysed the relationship between 30-day mortality and physiological, patient-related and circumstantial variables. The data were imputed using multiple imputations employing chained equations. We used multivariate logistic regression to estimate the variable effects and performed derivation of multiple multivariable models with different combinations of variables. The models were combined into an algorithm to allow a risk estimation tool that accounts for missing variables. Internal validation was assessed by calculating the optimism of each performance estimate using the von Hippel method with four imputed sets. Results After exclusions, 30 186 patients were included in the analysis. 8611 (29%) patients died within the first 30 days after the incident. Eleven predictor variables (systolic blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, Glasgow Coma Scale, sex, age, emergency medical services vehicle type [helicopter vs ground unit], whether the mission was located in a medical facility or nursing home, cardiac rhythm [asystole, pulseless electrical activity, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia vs others], time from emergency call to physician arrival and patient category) were included. Adjusted for optimism after internal validation, the algorithm had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.921 (95% CI 0.918 to 0.924), Brier score of 0.097, calibration intercept of 0.000 (95% CI -0.040 to 0.040) and slope of 1.000 (95% CI 0.977 to 1.023). Conclusions Based on 11 demographic, mission-specific, and physiologic variables, we developed and internally validated a novel severity of illness algorithm for use with patients encountered by physician-staffed helicopter emergency medical services, which may help in future quality improvement.
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- 2024
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29. Single-cell characterisation of tissue homing CD4 + and CD8 + T cell clones in immune-mediated refractory arthritis
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Dipabarna Bhattacharya, Jason Theodoropoulos, Katariina Nurmi, Timo Juutilainen, Kari K. Eklund, Riitta Koivuniemi, Tiina Kelkka, Satu Mustjoki, and Tapio Lönnberg
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Arthritis ,Autoimmunity ,T cell ,scRNA-seq ,TCR-seq ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 ,Biochemistry ,QD415-436 - Abstract
Abstract Background Immune-mediated arthritis is a group of autoinflammatory diseases, where the patient’s own immune system attacks and destroys synovial joints. Sustained remission is not always achieved with available immunosuppressive treatments, warranting more detailed studies of T cell responses that perpetuate synovial inflammation in treatment-refractory patients. Methods In this study, we investigated CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes from the synovial tissue and peripheral blood of patients with treatment-resistant immune-mediated arthritis using paired single-cell RNA and TCR-sequencing. To gain insights into the trafficking of clonal families, we compared the phenotypes of clones with the exact same TCRß amino acid sequence between the two tissues. Results Our results show that both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells display a more activated and inflamed phenotype in the synovial tissue compared to peripheral blood both at the population level and within individual T cell families. Furthermore, we found that both cell subtypes exhibited clonal expansion in the synovial tissue. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the local environment in the synovium drives the proliferation of activated cytotoxic T cells, and both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells may contribute to tissue destruction and disease pathogenesis.
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- 2024
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30. Investigating child sexual abuse material availability, searches, and users on the anonymous Tor network for a public health intervention strategy
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Juha Nurmi, Arttu Paju, Billy Bob Brumley, Tegan Insoll, Anna K. Ovaska, Valeriia Soloveva, Nina Vaaranen-Valkonen, Mikko Aaltonen, and David Arroyo
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Tor is widely used for staying anonymous online and accessing onion websites; unfortunately, Tor is popular for distributing and viewing illicit child sexual abuse material (CSAM). From 2018 to 2023, we analyse 176,683 onion domains and find that one-fifth share CSAM. We find that CSAM is easily available using 21 out of the 26 most-used Tor search engines. We analyse 110,133,715 search sessions from the Ahmia.fi search engine and discover that 11.1% seek CSAM. When searching CSAM by age, 40.5% search for 11-year-olds and younger; 11.0% for 12-year-olds; 8.2% for 13-year-olds; 11.6% for 14-year-olds; 10.9% for 15-year-olds; and 12.7% for 16-year-olds. We demonstrate accurate filtering for search engines, introduce intervention, show a questionnaire for CSAM users, and analyse 11,470 responses. 65.3% of CSAM users first saw the material when they were children themselves, and half of the respondents first saw the material accidentally, demonstrating the availability of CSAM. 48.1% want to stop using CSAM. Some seek help through Tor, and self-help websites are popular. Our survey finds commonalities between CSAM use and addiction. Help-seeking correlates with increasing viewing duration and frequency, depression, anxiety, self-harming thoughts, guilt, and shame. Yet, 73.9% of help seekers have not been able to receive it.
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- 2024
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31. Does gender of firm ownership matter? Female entrepreneurs and the gender pay gap
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Kritikos, Alexander S., Maliranta, Mika, Nippala, Veera, and Nurmi, Satu
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- 2024
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32. Right Prefrontal Cortical Thickness Is Associated With Response to Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.
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Bertolín, Sara, Alonso, Pino, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Menchón, Jose, Jimenez-Murcia, Susana, Baker, Justin, Bargalló, Nuria, Batistuzzo, Marcelo, Boedhoe, Premika, Brennan, Brian, Feusner, Jamie, Fitzgerald, Kate, Fontaine, Martine, Hansen, Bjarne, Hirano, Yoshiyuki, Hoexter, Marcelo, Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, Jaspers-Fayer, Fern, Kuno, Masaru, Kvale, Gerd, Lazaro, Luisa, Machado-Sousa, Mafalda, Marsh, Rachel, Morgado, Pedro, Nakagawa, Akiko, Norman, Luke, Nurmi, Erika, ONeill, Joseph, Ortiz, Ana, Perriello, Chris, Picó-Pérez, Maria, Shavitt, Roseli, Shimizu, Eiji, Simpson, Helen, Stewart, S, Thomopoulos, Sophia, Thorsen, Anders, Walitza, Susanne, Wolters, Lidewij, Thompson, Paul, van den Heuvel, Odile, Stein, Dan, Soriano-Mas, Carles, and Piacentini, John
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anxiety disorders ,cognitive-behavioral therapy ,magnetic resonance imaging ,neuroimaging ,obsessive-compulsive disorder ,Adult ,Adolescent ,Humans ,Child ,Child ,Preschool ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Frontal Lobe ,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is considered a first-line treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in pediatric and adult populations. Nevertheless, some patients show partial or null response. The identification of predictors of CBT response may improve clinical management of patients with OCD. Here, we aimed to identify structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) predictors of CBT response in 2 large series of children and adults with OCD from the worldwide ENIGMA-OCD consortium. METHOD: Data from 16 datasets from 13 international sites were included in the study. We assessed which variations in baseline cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and subcortical volume predicted response to CBT (percentage of baseline to post-treatment symptom reduction) in 2 samples totaling 168 children and adolescents (age range 5-17.5 years) and 318 adult patients (age range 18-63 years) with OCD. Mixed linear models with random intercept were used to account for potential cross-site differences in imaging values. RESULTS: Significant results were observed exclusively in the pediatric sample. Right prefrontal cortex thickness was positively associated with the percentage of CBT response. In a post hoc analysis, we observed that the specific changes accounting for this relationship were a higher thickness of the frontal pole and the rostral middle frontal gyrus. We observed no significant effects of age, sex, or medication on our findings. CONCLUSION: Higher cortical thickness in specific right prefrontal cortex regions may be important for CBT response in children with OCD. Our findings suggest that the right prefrontal cortex plays a relevant role in the mechanisms of action of CBT in children.
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- 2023
33. Thermal Dissipation Resulting from Everyday Interactions as a Sensing Modality -- The MIDAS Touch
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Dar, Farooq, Emenike, Hilary, Yin, Zhigang, Liyanage, Mohan, Sharma, Rajesh, Zuniga, Agustin, Hoque, Mohammad A., Radeta, Marko, Nurmi, Petteri, and Flores, Huber
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Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing ,Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing - Abstract
We contribute MIDAS as a novel sensing solution for characterizing everyday objects using thermal dissipation. MIDAS takes advantage of the fact that anytime a person touches an object it results in heat transfer. By capturing and modeling the dissipation of the transferred heat, e.g., through the decrease in the captured thermal radiation, MIDAS can characterize the object and determine its material. We validate MIDAS through extensive empirical benchmarks and demonstrate that MIDAS offers an innovative sensing modality that can recognize a wide range of materials with up to 83% accuracy and generalize to variations in the people interacting with objects. We also demonstrate that MIDAS can detect thermal dissipation through objects, up to 2 mm thickness, and support analysis of multiple objects that are interacted with
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- 2022
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34. Quasi-spherical superclusters
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Heinämäki, Pekka, Teerikorpi, Pekka, Douspis, Marian, Nurmi, Pasi, Einasto, Maret, Gramann, Mirt, Nevalainen, Jukka, and Saar, Enn
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Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
Generally the dynamical state of superclusters is poorly known. We study properties of superclusters and select a sample of quasi-spherical superclusters, the dynamics of which can be studied using the $\Lambda$ significance diagram. We extracted our supercluster sample with an adaptive local threshold density method from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 (SDSS DR7) data and estimated their masses using the dynamical masses for member galaxies and groups. We used topological analysis based on Minkowski functionals and the positions of galaxies and galaxy groups in superclusters. Finally, we highlight the dynamical state of a few exceptional types of superclusters found in this study using the $\Lambda$ significance diagram. Our final sample contains 65 superclusters in the distance range of 130 to 450 Mpc. Supercluster masses range between $1.1 \times 10^{15} M_{\sun}$ and $1.4 \times 10^{16} M_{\sun}$ and sizes between 25 Mpc and 87 Mpc. We find that pancake-type superclusters form the low-luminosity, small, poor and low-mass end of superclusters. We find four superclusters of unusual types, exhibiting exceptionally spherical shapes. These so-called quasi-spherical systems contain a high-density core surrounded by a relatively spherical density and galaxy distribution.The mass-to-light ratio of these quasi-sphericals is higher than those of the other superclusters, suggesting a relatively high dark matter content. Using the $\Lambda$ significance diagram for oblate and prolate spheroids, we find that three quasi-spherical superclusters are gravitationally bound at the present epoch. Quasi-spherical superclusters are among the largest gravitationally bound systems found to date, and form a special class of giant systems that, dynamically, are in between large gravitationally unbound superclusters and clusters of galaxies in an equilibrium configuration., Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables, accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysics
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- 2022
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35. Super‐Droplet‐Repellent Carbon‐Based Printable Perovskite Solar Cells
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Cuc Thi Kim Mai, Janne Halme, Heikki A. Nurmi, Aldeliane M. da Silva, Gabriela S. Lorite, David Martineau, Stéphanie Narbey, Naeimeh Mozaffari, Robin H. A. Ras, Syed Ghufran Hashmi, and Maja Vuckovac
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carbon‐based printable perovskite solar cells ,condensate formation test ,rain falling tests ,screen printing, stability ,superrepellent coating ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Despite attractive cost‐effectiveness, scalability, and superior stability, carbon‐based printable perovskite solar cells (CPSCs) still face moisture‐induced degradation that limits their lifespan and commercial potential. Here, the moisture‐preventing mechanisms of thin nanostructured super‐repellent coating (advancing contact angle >167° and contact angle hysteresis 7°) integrated into CPSCs are investigated for different moisture forms (falling water droplets vs water vapor vs condensed water droplets). It is shown that unencapsulated super‐repellent CPSCs have superior performance under continuous droplet impact for 12 h (rain falling experiments) compared to unencapsulated pristine (uncoated) CPSCs that degrade within seconds. Contrary to falling water droplets, where super‐repellent coating serves as a shield, water vapor is found to physisorb through porous super‐repellent coating (room temperature and relative humidity, RH 65% and 85%) that increase the CPSCs performance for 21% during ≈43 d similarly to pristine CPSCs. It is further shown that water condensation forms within or below the super‐repellent coating (40 °C and RH 85%), followed by chemisorption and degradation of CPSCs. Because different forms of water have distinct effects on CPSC, it is suggested that future standard tests for repellent CPSCs should include rain falling and condensate formation tests. The findings will thus inspire the development of super‐repellent coatings for moisture prevention.
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- 2024
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36. Aerosol precautions and airway complications: a national prospective multicentre cohort study.
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Potter, T, Cronin, JN, Kua, J, Nurmi, E, Wong, DJN, Ahmad, I, Cook, TM, El-Boghdadly, K, AeroComp Trainee Research Networks, and Collaborators
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AeroComp Trainee Research Networks ,Collaborators ,Humans ,Cohort Studies ,Prospective Studies ,Pandemics ,COVID-19 ,aerosol precautions ,airway complications ,intubation ,Lung ,Clinical Research ,Clinical Sciences ,Neurosciences ,Anesthesiology - Abstract
The perceived risk of transmission of aerosolised viral particles from patients to airway practitioners during the COVID-19 pandemic led to the widespread use of aerosol precautions, including personal protective equipment and modifications to anaesthetic technique. The risk of these aerosol precautions on peri-operative airway complications has not been assessed outside of simulation studies. This prospective, national, multicentre cohort study aimed to quantify this risk. Adult patients undergoing general anaesthesia for elective or emergency procedures over a 96-hour period were included. Data collected included use of aerosol precautions by the airway practitioner, airway complications and potential confounding variables. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to assess the risk of individual aerosol precautions on overall and specific airway complications. Data from 5905 patients from 70 hospital sites were included. The rate of airway complications was 10.0% (95%CI 9.2-10.8%). Use of filtering facepiece class 2 or class 3 respirators was associated with an increased risk of airway complications (odds ratio 1.38, 95%CI 1.04-1.83), predominantly due to an association with difficult facemask ventilation (odds ratio 1.68, 95%CI 1.09-2.61) and desaturation on pulse oximetry (odds ratio 2.39, 95%CI 1.26-4.54). Use of goggles, powered air-purifying respirators, long-sleeved gowns, double gloves and videolaryngoscopy were not associated with any alteration in the risk of airway complications. Overall, the use of filtering facepiece class 2 or class 3 respirators was associated with an increased risk of airway complications, but most aerosol precautions used during the COVID-19 pandemic were not.
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- 2023
37. Tachyonic production of dark relics: a non-perturbative quantum study
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Kainulainen, Kimmo, Koskivaara, Olli, and Nurmi, Sami
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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
We study production of dark relics during reheating after the end of inflation in a system consisting of a non-minimally coupled spectator scalar field and the inflaton. We derive a set of renormalized quantum transport equations for the one-point function and the two-point function of the spectator field and solve them numerically. We find that our system can embody both tachyonic and parametric instabilities. The former is an expected result due to the non-minimal coupling, but the latter displays new features driven by a novel interplay of the two-point function with the Ricci scalar. We find that when the parametric instability driven by the two-point function takes place, it dominates the total particle production. The quantitative results are also found to be highly sensitive to the model parameters., Comment: 21 pages, 8 figures
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- 2022
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38. SURIMI: Supervised Radio Map Augmentation with Deep Learning and a Generative Adversarial Network for Fingerprint-based Indoor Positioning
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Quezada-Gaibor, Darwin, Torres-Sospedra, Joaquín, Nurmi, Jari, Koucheryavy, Yevgeni, and Huerta, Joaquín
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Indoor Positioning based on Machine Learning has drawn increasing attention both in the academy and the industry as meaningful information from the reference data can be extracted. Many researchers are using supervised, semi-supervised, and unsupervised Machine Learning models to reduce the positioning error and offer reliable solutions to the end-users. In this article, we propose a new architecture by combining Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long short-term memory (LSTM) and Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) in order to increase the training data and thus improve the position accuracy. The proposed combination of supervised and unsupervised models was tested in 17 public datasets, providing an extensive analysis of its performance. As a result, the positioning error has been reduced in more than 70% of them., Comment: To appear at 2022 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN), 5 - 7 Sep. 2022, Beijing, China
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- 2022
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39. Long-term stability of aerophilic metallic surfaces underwater
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Tesler, Alexander B., Kolle, Stefan, Prado, Lucia H., Thievessen, Ingo, Böhringer, David, Backholm, Matilda, Karunakaran, Bhuvaneshwari, Nurmi, Heikki A., Latikka, Mika, Fischer, Lena, Stafslien, Shane, Cenev, Zoran M., Timonen, Jaakko V. I., Bruns, Mark, Mazare, Anca, Lohbauer, Ulrich, Virtanen, Sannakaisa, Fabry, Ben, Schmuki, Patrik, Ras, Robin H. A., Aizenberg, Joanna, and Goldmann, Wolfgang H.
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- 2023
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40. Altered corpus callosum structure in adolescents with cerebral palsy: connection to gait and balance
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Jaatela, Julia, Nurmi, Timo, Vallinoja, Jaakko, Mäenpää, Helena, Sairanen, Viljami, and Piitulainen, Harri
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- 2023
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41. Agreement between self-reported and registered age at asthma diagnosis in Finland
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Elias Nurmi, Iida Vähätalo, Pinja Ilmarinen, Heidi Andersén, Leena E. Tuomisto, Anssi Sovijärvi, Helena Backman, Lauri Lehtimäki, Linnea Hedman, Arnulf Langhammer, Bright I. Nwaru, Päivi Piirilä, and Hannu Kankaanranta
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Asthma ,Age at diagnosis ,Questionnaire ,Health register ,Agreement ,Reliability ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction In epidemiological studies, the age at asthma onset is often defined by patients’ self-reported age at diagnosis. The reliability of this report might be questioned. Our objective was to evaluate the agreement between self-reported and registered age at asthma diagnosis and assess features contributing to the agreement. Methods As part of the FinEsS respiratory survey in 2016, randomly selected population samples of 13,435 from Helsinki and 8000 from Western Finland were studied. Self-reported age at asthma diagnosis was compared to age at asthma diagnosis registered in the Finnish register on special reimbursement for asthma medication. The reimbursement right is based on lung function criteria according to GINA and Finnish guidelines. If the difference was less than 5 years, self-reported diagnosis was considered reliable. Features associated with the difference between self-reported and registered age at asthma diagnosis were evaluated. Results Altogether 197 subjects from Helsinki and 144 from Western Finland were included. Of these, 61.9% and 77.8%, respectively, reported age at diagnosis reliably. Median difference between self-reported and registered age at diagnoses was − 2.0 years (IQR − 9.0 to 0) in Helsinki and − 1.0 (IQR − 4.3 to 0) in Western Finland indicating earlier self-reported age at diagnosis. More reliable self-report was associated with non-allergic subjects and subjects who reported having asthma diagnosis more recently. Conclusions Agreement between self-reported and registered age at asthma diagnosis was good especially with adult-onset asthma patients. Poor agreement in early-onset asthma could be related to delay in registration due to reimbursement criteria.
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- 2024
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42. Suprapatellar tibial fracture nailing is associated with lower rate for acute compartment syndrome and the need for fasciotomy compared with the infrapatellar approach
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Essi E. Honkonen, Jussi P. Repo, Heidi Lehtokangas, Emma Luoma, Mikko Uimonen, Sami Nurmi, Antti Ylitalo, Antti Riuttanen, Tiia Kivelä, Ville M. Mattila, and Piia Suomalainen
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Acute compartment syndrome ,Fasciotomy ,Suprapatellar approach ,Infrapatellar approach ,Tibial saft fracture ,Intramedullary nail ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Abstract
Abstract Background Intramedullary tibial nailing (IMN) is the gold standard for stabilizing tibial shaft fractures. IMN can be performed through an infra- or suprapatellar approach. Purpose The aim of this study is to compare the rate of fasciotomies for acute compartment syndrome between infra- and suprapatellar approaches. Methods A total of 614 consecutive patients who were treated with IMN for tibial fracture between October 2007 and February 2020 were included in the study. The approach used for IMN was determined by the operating surgeon. Infrapatellar IMN was performed with the knee in deep flexion position, with or without calcaneal traction. Suprapatellar IMN was performed in straight or semiflexed position. The diagnosis of compartment syndrome was based on clinical analysis, but for some patients, a continuous compartment pressure measurement was used. The primary outcome was the rate of peri- and postoperative compartment syndrome treated with fasciotomies. Results The study sample included 513 patients treated with infrapatellar IMN and 101 patients treated with suprapatellar IMN technique. The mean age of the patients was 44.7 years (infrapatellar technique) and 48.4 years (suprapatellar technique). High energy trauma was seen in 138 (27%) patients treated with infrapatellar technique and in 39 (39%) patients treated with suprapatellar technique. In the suprapatellar group (n = 101), there were no cases of peri- or postoperative compartment syndrome treated with fasciotomies. In the infrapatellar group (n = 513), the need for fasciotomies was stated in 67 patients, 31 patients (6.0%) perioperatively and in 36 patients (7.0%) postoperatively. The rate of fasciotomies (0/101 versus 67/513 cases) differed significantly (p
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- 2024
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43. Fault-Tolerant Collaborative Inference through the Edge-PRUNE Framework
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Boutellier, Jani, Tan, Bo, and Nurmi, Jari
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing - Abstract
Collaborative inference has received significant research interest in machine learning as a vehicle for distributing computation load, reducing latency, as well as addressing privacy preservation in communications. Recent collaborative inference frameworks have adopted dynamic inference methodologies such as early-exit and run-time partitioning of neural networks. However, as machine learning frameworks scale in the number of inference inputs, e.g., in surveillance applications, fault tolerance related to device failure needs to be considered. This paper presents the Edge-PRUNE distributed computing framework, built on a formally defined model of computation, which provides a flexible infrastructure for fault tolerant collaborative inference. The experimental section of this work shows results on achievable inference time savings by collaborative inference, presents fault tolerant system topologies and analyzes their cost in terms of execution time overhead., Comment: Accepted to ICML 2022 Workshop on Dynamic Neural Networks (DyNN)
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- 2022
44. Data Cleansing for Indoor Positioning Wi-Fi Fingerprinting Datasets
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Quezada-Gaibor, Darwin, Klus, Lucie, Torres-Sospedra, Joaquín, Lohan, Elena Simona, Nurmi, Jari, Granell, Carlos, and Huerta, Joaquín
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Wearable and IoT devices requiring positioning and localisation services grow in number exponentially every year. This rapid growth also produces millions of data entries that need to be pre-processed prior to being used in any indoor positioning system to ensure the data quality and provide a high Quality of Service (QoS) to the end-user. In this paper, we offer a novel and straightforward data cleansing algorithm for WLAN fingerprinting radio maps. This algorithm is based on the correlation among fingerprints using the Received Signal Strength (RSS) values and the Access Points (APs)'s identifier. We use those to compute the correlation among all samples in the dataset and remove fingerprints with low level of correlation from the dataset. We evaluated the proposed method on 14 independent publicly-available datasets. As a result, an average of 14% of fingerprints were removed from the datasets. The 2D positioning error was reduced by 2.7% and 3D positioning error by 5.3% with a slight increase in the floor hit rate by 1.2% on average. Consequently, the average speed of position prediction was also increased by 14%., Comment: Submitted to ALIAS2022/MDM2022
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- 2022
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45. Edge-PRUNE: Flexible Distributed Deep Learning Inference
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Boutellier, Jani, Tan, Bo, and Nurmi, Jari
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Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing - Abstract
Collaborative deep learning inference between low-resource endpoint devices and edge servers has received significant research interest in the last few years. Such computation partitioning can help reducing endpoint device energy consumption and improve latency, but equally importantly also contributes to privacy-preserving of sensitive data. This paper describes Edge-PRUNE, a flexible but light-weight computation framework for distributing machine learning inference between edge servers and one or more client devices. Compared to previous approaches, Edge-PRUNE is based on a formal dataflow computing model, and is agnostic towards machine learning training frameworks, offering at the same time wide support for leveraging deep learning accelerators such as embedded GPUs. The experimental section of the paper demonstrates the use and performance of Edge-PRUNE by image classification and object tracking applications on two heterogeneous endpoint devices and an edge server, over wireless and physical connections. Endpoint device inference time for SSD-Mobilenet based object tracking, for example, is accelerated 5.8x by collaborative inference.
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- 2022
46. Towards Accelerated Localization Performance Across Indoor Positioning Datasets
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Klus, Lucie, Quezada-Gaibor, Darwin, Torres-Sospedra, Joaquın, Lohan, Elena Simona, Granell, Carlos, and Nurmi, Jari
- Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing - Abstract
The localization speed and accuracy in the indoor scenario can greatly impact the Quality of Experience of the user. While many individual machine learning models can achieve comparable positioning performance, their prediction mechanisms offer different complexity to the system. In this work, we propose a fingerprinting positioning method for multi-building and multi-floor deployments, composed of a cascade of three models for building classification, floor classification, and 2D localization regression. We conduct an exhaustive search for the optimally performing one in each step of the cascade while validating on 14 different openly available datasets. As a result, we bring forward the best-performing combination of models in terms of overall positioning accuracy and processing speed and evaluate on independent sets of samples. We reduce the mean prediction time by 71% while achieving comparable positioning performance across all considered datasets. Moreover, in case of voluminous training dataset, the prediction time is reduced down to 1% of the benchmark's., Comment: To appear in 2022 International Conference on Localization and GNSS (ICL-GNSS), 7-9 June 2022, Tampere, Finland
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Lightweight Hybrid CNN-ELM Model for Multi-building and Multi-floor Classification
- Author
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Quezada-Gaibor, Darwin, Torres-Sospedra, Joaquín, Nurmi, Jari, Koucheryavy, Yevgeni, and Huerta, Joaquín
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Machine learning models have become an essential tool in current indoor positioning solutions, given their high capabilities to extract meaningful information from the environment. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are one of the most used neural networks (NNs) due to that they are capable of learning complex patterns from the input data. Another model used in indoor positioning solutions is the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), which provides an acceptable generalization performance as well as a fast speed of learning. In this paper, we offer a lightweight combination of CNN and ELM, which provides a quick and accurate classification of building and floor, suitable for power and resource-constrained devices. As a result, the proposed model is 58\% faster than the benchmark, with a slight improvement in the classification accuracy (by less than 1\%, Comment: to appear in 2022 International Conference on Localization and GNSS (ICL-GNSS), 7-9 June 2022, Tampere, Finland
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Abandoning the use of tension in tibial fracture nailing is associated with lower rate for acute compartment syndrome?
- Author
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Ville Ponkilainen and Heikki Nurmi
- Subjects
Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. COVID Symptoms, Symptom Clusters, and Predictors for Becoming a Long-Hauler Looking for Clarity in the Haze of the Pandemic.
- Author
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Huang, Yong, Pinto, Melissa D, Borelli, Jessica L, Asgari Mehrabadi, Milad, Abrahim, Heather L, Dutt, Nikil, Lambert, Natalie, Nurmi, Erika L, Chakraborty, Rana, Rahmani, Amir M, and Downs, Charles A
- Subjects
Humans ,Syndrome ,Risk Factors ,Female ,Male ,Pandemics ,COVID-19 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,electronic health record ,long-COVID ,machine learning ,Patient Safety ,Clinical Research ,Good Health and Well Being ,Nursing - Abstract
Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) is defined as persistent symptoms after apparent recovery from acute COVID-19 infection, also known as COVID-19 long-haul. We performed a retrospective review of electronic health records (EHR) from the University of California COvid Research Data Set (UC CORDS), a de-identified EHR of PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-positive patients in California. The purposes were to (1) describe the prevalence of PASC, (2) describe COVID-19 symptoms and symptom clusters, and (3) identify risk factors for PASC. Data were subjected to non-negative matrix factorization to identify symptom clusters, and a predictive model of PASC was developed. PASC prevalence was 11% (277/2,153), and of these patients, 66% (183/277) were considered asymptomatic at days 0-30. Five PASC symptom clusters emerged and specific symptoms at days 0-30 were associated with PASC. Women were more likely than men to develop PASC, with all age groups and ethnicities represented. PASC is a public health priority.
- Published
- 2022
50. TUJI1 Dataset: Multi-device dataset for indoor localization with high measurement density
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Lucie Klus, Roman Klus, Elena Simona Lohan, Jari Nurmi, Carlos Granell, Mikko Valkama, Jukka Talvitie, Sven Casteleyn, and Joaquín Torres-Sospedra
- Subjects
Device heterogeneity ,Fingerprinting ,Indoor positioning ,Localization ,RSS ,RSSI ,Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
Positioning in indoor scenarios using signals of opportunity is an effective solution enabling accurate and reliable performance in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-obscured scenarios. Despite the availability of numerous fingerprinting datasets utilizing various wireless signals, the challenge of device heterogeneity and sample density remains an unanswered issue. To address this gap, this work introduces TUJI1, an anonymized IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi) fingerprinting dataset collected using 5 different commercial devices in a fine-grained grid. The dataset contains the matched fingerprints of Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) measurements with the corresponding coordinates, split into training and testing subsets for effortless and fair reproducibility.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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