Search

Recent studies in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) aim to improve image quality while reducing scan time. Electrical current injection in the form of magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) is believed to be affecting image quality and scan time thus can improve the possibility of becoming a non-chemical contrast agent in MRI. This study will observe and analyze the effect of electrical current injection on a phantom object to determine whether there is a different tissue image intensity. A thigh of lamb was used as a biological tissue phantom. The scan was performed on both T1and T2-weighted without and with an electrical current injection of 0.5 mA Electrical current injection decreased mean of tissue image intensity on T1-weighted images on both muscle (1759 vs 794) and bone (2752 vs 1550) (p

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive technique for imaging the electrical conductivity and permittivity in the body by measuring the electrical potential on the surface. One of the EIT applications in the medical field is breast cancer detection. The study proposed a rectangular geometry EIT multi-frequency device based on the Finite Volume Method (FVM) reconstruction method. This device can be used to complement mammography images into dual EIT-mammography modalities. The EIT device built of DDS AD9850 as a programmable multi-frequency sinusoidal generator, AD620 as instrument amplifier, AD536 as an AC converter, and ADS1115 as an ADC 16 bit. These devices can scan at the maximum frequency of 100 kHz. The device has been tested with a phantom of distilled water and carrots in the center and on the sides. The reconstruction methods one step different frequency produces a rectangular geometric image with anomalies in the depth and at the surface clearly.

We report a case of extraventricular choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) accompanied by spinal metastasis in a pediatric patient. A 15-year-old female patient presented with chronic progressive headache and blurry vision. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intra-axial mass in the left frontal lobe. A gross total resection was performed, and the histopathological examination revealed the diagnosis of CPC, confirmed with immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of GFAP, S100, EM, P53 and Ki67. Eleven months later, MRI result identified another mass in the left frontal lobe. Spinal MRI showed drop metastasis to the spine, accompanied by leptomeningeal seeding. This case demonstrated the importance of IHC and spinal MRI in the management of CPC. This case report may provide more insight into extraventricular CPC cases, which is important for the adequate management of patients with CPC in the future.

Ultrasonography (US) and Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) can be used to detect breast cancer. Ultrasonography is based on non-ionizing radiations without adverse biological effects. A set of electrodes was placed around the torso and a small alternating current (AC) was injected via two of the electrodes into the object. This study aimed to acquire preliminary data to evaluate the EIT method for differentiation of artificial solid and cystic tumors in comparison to standard US. This study used a phantom made from chicken meat. In order to obtain the image of the solid tumor, an olive with carrot insertion was done, and the cystic tumor was created by filling a small balloon with water. GE Logic C5 ultrasound was performed with a 12 MHz linear transducer. For EIT measurement, 16 ECG electrodes and 32 ECG electrodes were placed. Data processing was done using the Graz consensus Reconstruction algorithm for EIT (GREIT) and Newton's One Step Error Reconstructor (NOSER) methods. The artificial solid tumor produced an ultrasound image of an oval, inhomogeneous lesions. The GREIT method with 16 electrodes of artificial solid tumor did not show a match between the reconstructed image and the original object containing 2 anomalies, but a match was found with 32 electrodes. In the NOSER method, both 16 and 32 electrodes showed a match. Ultrasound of the artificial cystic tumor showed an oval, circumscribed, anechoic with posterior enhancement. Both the GREIT and NOSER methods using the artificial cystic tumor showed a match between the reconstructed image and the original object containing two anomalies. EIT has a lower imaging resolution in comparison to ultrasonography, but is progressively maturing as a tool for monitoring and imaging. The solid and cystic anomalies on the phantoms were visualized by the GREIT and NOSER methods except for the solid anomaly with the GREIT 16 electrodes.

Background A large-scale Japanese retrospective study showed that low skeletal muscle index (SMI) and intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) survival. Here, we evaluated the effects of SMI and IMF on the survival of Indonesian HCC patients, whose characteristics differ from those of Japanese patients.Methods SMI and mean muscle attenuation (MA) were evaluated using computed tomography images of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) in a prospective cohort of 100 Indonesian HCC patients. Clinical, laboratory and body composition data were analysed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression model to investigate which factors are associated with prognosis.Results Of 100 patients, 31 were diagnosed with sarcopenia (L3 SMI value ≤36.2 cm 2 /m 2 for men and ≤29.6 cm 2 /m 2 for women), and 65 had IMF deposition (MA value ≤44.4 HU for men and ≤39.3 HU for women). These groups had shorter median survival than the reference groups (both P

Urolithiasis is a common disease with a reported prevalence between 4% and 20% in the worldwide. Determination of urinary calculi composition is a key factor in preoperative evaluation, treatment, and recurrence prevention. Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is available methods for determining urinary stone composition were only available after stone extraction, and thereby unable to aid in optimized stone management prior to intervention. DECT utilizes the attenuation difference produced by two different x-ray energy spectra to quantify urinary calculi composition while still providing the information attained with a conventional CT. Knowledge of DECT imaging pitfalls and stone mimics is important, as the added benefit of dual-energy analysis is the determination of stone composition, which in turn affects all aspects of stone management. This article describes DECT principles, scanner types and acquisition protocols for the evaluation of urinary calculi as they relate to imaging pitfalls (inconsistent characterization of small stones, small DECT field of view, and mischaracterization from surrounding material) and stone mimics (drainage devices) that may adversely impact clinical decisions.

Craniosynostosis is a condition in which there is premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures, causing neurological disorders, distinctive deformities of the face and skull, also accompanied by increased intracranial pressure, visual impairment, deafness and cognitive deficits. Craniosynostosis may appear in primary or secondary secondary to other disorders. As many as 85% of primary craniosynostosis emerged as a single condition while the remaining 15% as part of the multisystem syndrome. Radiological examination is important for accurate diagnosis, surgical planning, therapeutic evaluation and identification of comorbid anomalies and complications related to craniosynostosis. Computed Tomography (CT) with 3-D reconstruction is a technique used to diagnose craniosynostosis because it can provide a better picture of bone. Nevertheless, the presence of radiation exposure from CT scan, especially in infants causes the authors to look for alternatives to other radiological examination techniques including the use of ultrasonography, plain cranial rontgen and MRI

Objectives: Mammography has an important role in the diagnosis of breast cancer. computer-aided detection (CADe) or computeraided diagnosis (CADx) systems have been developed to improve the capability of radiologists to interpret medical images and to di?erentiate benign and malignant lesions. We studied the capability of ICA as a technique used in CAD systems.Methods: An observational study involving 20 participants (5 radiologists and 15 last year radiology residents) has been initiated. First, they performed assessment of the 60 digitized flm mammograms consisting of 27 normal and 33 abnormal mammograms. Subsequently, from the 33 mammograms with pathological massed, they were asked to di?erentiate benign and malignant lesions (15 and 18 mammograms, respectively).Results: The sensitivity to detect the abnormal lesions in the mammograms was 70% and the specifcity was 72.78%, increased to 74% and 88%, respectively when using ICA. The sensitivity and specifcity to di?erentiate between benign and malignant lesions turned from 40.8 % and 80.3% to 62.5% and 68% after using ICA. The missed diagnostic rate in mammography increased especially in dense breast.Conclusion: ICA improves the radiologists detection of abnormal lesions in mammograms so that it can properly be used as CADe. However, ICA might not be used as a CADx.

Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) is an inter-and intra-institution computing system that manages the acquisition, transmission, storage, distribution, display, and interpretation of medical images. Advances in radiology informatics to date, including the integration of PACS and Radiology Information System (RIS) to department work?ow, has done much to improve the efciency of the department. PACS component includes image acquisition modality, network system, archiving system, image viewer system, radiology information system, and remote access. Acceptance testing is an important thing to be done before a user entirely accepts PACS and RIS system in a daily radiology practice.The purpose of this article is to deliver an important specifcation and the desired options and features of modern PACS, related to acquisition, archives and display system; connectivity of Radiology Information System (RIS); and distribution of images inside and outside the hospital. Some major practical issues that must be considered in the implementation of PACS and RIS will also be discussed. In addition, it will also discuss the process of implementation of PACS and RIS at Dr. Sardjito Hospital

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) has an advantage than another imaging systems in the medical field, they are safe, fast, and simple. The role of EIT is promising, so that it is necessary to develop electrical impedance tomography devices, especially in the biomedical field. we have successfully constructed a multi-frequency EIT system for biomedicine consisting of an oscillator, buffer, VCCS (voltage controlled current source), mux-demux, differential amplifiers based on Arduino Mega. The system succesfully has been tested to produce an image of conductors, insulators, and animal organs so that suitable for biomedical field.

Background Body composition components (Sarcopenia and intramuscular fat [IMF] deposition) were proven as risk factors predicting poor survival among HCC patients in the Japanese population. Since HCC characteristics were peculiar in Indonesia: advanced-stage at presentation; early-age onset; and HBV endemicity; our objective was to demonstrate key determinants of HCC prognosis in Indonesia. Methods Skeletal muscle index (SMI) and mean muscle attenuation (MA) were measured from transverse Computed Tomography (CT) images at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) in a prospective cohort of 49 Indonesia patients with different stages of HCC. Images were analysed using SliceOmatic V5.0 (Tomovision, QC Canada), which enables specific tissue demarcation using Hounsfield unit (HU) thresholds. Clinical, laboratory and body composition assessments are comprehensively analysed using Kaplan-Meier procedure and Cox’s regression model to investigate critical features associated with prognosis. Results Patients with low MA (called intramuscular fat [IMF] deposition) had shorter median survival than non-IMF deposition (73 11.61 vs. 252 26.56 days, p=0.008) as also observed shorter in patients with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level ≥200 ng/ml than AFP Conclusions Muscle Attenuation and BCLC stage were significant independent predictors of survival in HCC Indonesian patients. External validation of these prognostic factors in larger cohorts of HCC patients is warranted.

Primary vertebral of non-hodgkin lymphoma presented without systemic involvement is extremely rare. Bone is only 1% found as the primary origin of lymphoma. Primary vertebral location is only 1.7% of all primary bone lymphomas. The tumor grows insidiously and may reach considerable size and clinical consequence prior to diagnosis. When the tumor compresses or infltrates the spinal cord, the symptoms may be rapidly progressive, and proper surgical treatment may be needed to preserve function and to maintain the quality of life.We reported a 70-year-old man presented with progressive lower extremities weakness and numbness, back pain, and incontinentia alvi for the last six months. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated T1 and T2 hypointense mass that destructed 10th thoracic vertebral body, right laminae, and right pedicle. The mass compressed spinal canal and spinal cord. Histopathological analysis from open biopsy revealed a non-hodgkin lymphoma of the 10th thoracic vertebra.Isolated primary bony lymphoma of the spine is a very rare occasion. In our case, the initial complaints may be the result of progressive spinal cord compression. Thus, radiologists have to be familiar with imaging fndings of various spinal tumors that can cause spinal cord compression.