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In this report, we present some of the "outsider/insider" issues involved when carrying out qualitative research with the judiciary, a neglected area within the methodological account. This report highlights the tensions in the research process and interviewing is a former court judge and later doctoral student, then interviewing other court judges. Our position as "outsider/insider" had implications for our ability to understand the terminology, abbreviations, and acronyms used by the participants and the issues raised by them that were specific to the Indonesian court setting. This article contributes to an examination of the ways in which our ethical appraisal navigates our whole methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controversies surrounding the handling of corpses have been amplified during the present COVID-19 pandemic. According to Indonesian scholars, certain perspectives driving these controversies inhibit the implementation of health protocols issued by the government. This study comprehensively explores the diverse perceptions and responses of religious leaders regarding COVID-19 funeral management. Participants comprised six scholars from major Islamic religious organizations, two community leaders, and two families representing COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, content analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the religious leaders, all men aged over 50 years, supported the health directives designed to reduce high transmission risk. However, there were substantial disparities in corpse preparation processes, potentially due to organizational beliefs around burial rites. Some religious leaders aligned their protocols with their religious beliefs. Conversely, families of the deceased insisted that the approved protocol for handling corpses went against their religious and cultural values. Therefore, promotion of protocols and coordination among the government, religious leaders, and the community are needed to decrease the misperceptions and misinformation surrounding the new COVID-19 funeral protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The processing of chocolate bars is influenced by cocoa beans used. Chocolate bar is one of the downstream products with a simple processing process. The taste and aroma in candy comes from chocolate bars. Fermentation is an important activity in the formation of cocoa flavour. This study aims to determine the panellists' acceptance of chocolate bars produced from various fermentation treatments of sun-dried cocoa beans. The materials used in this study were cocoa beans of varieties of Lindak. The fermentation variation consisted of two treatments, namely, the addition of the inoculum gradually (A1) and the addition of the inoculum simultaneously at the beginning of fermentation (A2). The inocula added were Sacharomyces cerevisiae (FNCC 3056), Lactococcus lactis (FNC 0086) and Acetobacter aceti (FNCC 0016). The control treatment was dry cocoa beans without fermentation (A0). The fermentation time was 120 h, then the fermented cocoa beans were processed into chocolate bars. The resulting chocolate bars were subjected to sensory analysis including evaluation of the taste of sepia, bitter, and sour taste and in the test the polyphenol content of chocolate bars was used. The results showed that there was a decrease in the septic, bitter and sour taste from treatment A0, A2 and A1, respectively. The highest polyphenol content was in A0, A2, and A1, respectively. Panellists stated that the preferred chocolate bar was made from cocoa beans with A1 treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a major cause of acute febrile illness in Indonesia. Diagnostic inaccuracy may occur due to its varied and non-specific presentation. Characterization of DENV epidemiology, clinical presentation, and virology will facilitate appropriate clinical management and public health policy. A multicenter observational cohort study was conducted in Indonesia to assess causes of acute fever requiring hospitalization. Clinical information and specimens were collected at enrollment, 14–28 days, and 3 months from 1,486 children and adults. Total of 468 (31.9%) cases of DENV infection were confirmed by reference laboratory assays. Of these, 414 (88.5%) were accurately diagnosed and 54 had been misdiagnosed as another infection by sites. One hundred initially suspected dengue cases were finally classified as 'non-dengue'; other pathogens were identified in 58 of those cases. Mortality of DENV infection was low (0.6%). Prior DENV exposure was found in 92.3% of subjects >12 years. DENV circulated year-round in all cities, with higher incidence from January to March. DENV-3 and DENV-1 were the predominant serotypes. This study identified DENV-1 with TS119(C→T) substitution in the serotyping primer annealing site, leading to failure of serotype determination. DENV is a common etiology of acute febrile illness requiring hospitalization in Indonesia. Diagnostic accuracy at clinical sites merits optimization since misdiagnosis of DENV infection and over-estimation of dengue can negatively impact management and outcomes. Mutation at the annealing site of the serotyping primer may confound diagnosis. Clinicians should consider following diagnostic algorithms that include DENV confirmatory testing. Policy-makers should prioritize development of laboratory capacity for diagnosis of DENV. Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease whose global incidence has increased dramatically in recent decades. Infection with any of the four serotypes can cause subclinical to life-threatening illness. Indonesia and other subtropical regions are hyper-endemic, thus are at increased risk of disease impact. We conducted a multicenter observational cohort study of acute febrile illness requiring hospitalization in children and adults in Indonesia from 2013–2016. Epidemiology, clinical course, and virology of dengue were assessed. Dengue infection is the main cause of hospitalized acute febrile illness in Indonesia. DENV serotypes 1–4 circulated throughout the study period, with highest overall rates in January to March. We observed DENV-1 with TS119(C→T) substitution in the serotyping primer annealing site that caused failure of routine detection. Diagnostic accuracy at clinical sites merits optimization. Clinicians should consider following diagnostic algorithms that include DENV confirmatory testing, while policy-makers should prioritize development of laboratory capacity for diagnosis of DENV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To examine the level of perception of the quality of discharge teaching and its associations with the readiness for hospital discharge among surgical patients in acute care hospitals. Background: Discharge teaching is a primary strategy to facilitate patients' readiness for hospital discharge. The extent to which the surgical ward was perceived as providing patient‐focused education when discharged has never been explored. Its impact on a patient's readiness is also unknown in the Indonesian context. Design: A correlational descriptive study was used to collect data from four hospitals in Indonesia. Methods: Ninety‐six surgical patients who were in the discharge process enrolled in this study. The demographic form, the quality of discharge teaching scale (QDTS) and the readiness for hospital discharge scale (RHDS) were utilised for data collection. Data were collected from January–February 2018. Descriptive statistics and Spearman rank‐order correlation were applied for data analysis. Results: The discharge teaching quality was perceived as being at a low level. The readiness for hospital discharge was reported to be at a moderate level. Overall, the discharge teaching quality was not statistically associated with the patients' readiness. However, positive correlations were found in QDTS and RHDS subscales such as content received and delivery, knowledge, coping ability and expected support. Patient's readiness for hospital discharge was also greater for those who had a caregiver, a short hospital stay, a health insurance and occupation. Conclusions: Surgical patients perceived a low quality of discharge teaching, which may decrease their readiness for hospital discharge. Relevance to clinical practice: This study provides baseline information reflecting the patient learning needs in discharge preparation to guide surgical nurses for improving the discharge teaching quality and enhancing the patients' readiness for hospital discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Indonesia there are several production centers for agar-producing seaweeds. Research on agar quality has been frequently conducted everywhere, but comparative agar quality tests from several locations have never been done. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of agar extracted from seaweed species from some biggest seaweed producer locations in Indonesia. The seaweed quality indicators analyzed were moisture content, clean anhydrous weed (CAW), impurities, and heavy metals. Agar quality parameters analyzed were sensory (score and hedonic test), chemical (moisture, ash, acid insoluble ash, and sulphate content) and physical (viscosity, gel strength and color) parameters; microbiological (TPC, E. coli, moulds, and fungi) and heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd, As) contamination. Sensory analysis of powder agars showed that the highest score was achieved by agar extracted from Gracilaria from Ujung Genteng (8.71), and the highest yield was from Gracilaria from Brebes (10.41%). The viscosity and gel strength of agar extracted from Gelidium were higher than that from Gracilaria. It was concluded that environmental conditions affected seaweed and agar characteristics quality. It is recommended that to get a good quality seaweed, the seaweed must be harvested from a good quality waters with high dissolved oxygen and transparency, pH and handled appropriately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an export commodity, rubber is a major contributor to Indonesia's foreign exchange. Regarding the increase in rubber production, a study on combinations of growth regulators and rubber clones has been carried out based on plant growth and anatomical characteristics during the immature plant period. This research is conducted for eighteen months at the KSO Karang Inong plantations, PTPN-I, and PTPN-III, East Aceh District, using five clones. This study adopts a nested design with three factors: clones, Growth Regulators (GRs), and paclobutrazol. The clones used are PB 260, IRR 104, IRR 112, IRR 39, and 105. The GRs combination factor between IAA and Kinetin consists of seven levels and three levels of paclobutrazol. The results show that the rubber clones PB260 and IRR105 give higher stem girth and plant height than the other clones when applied with GRs at six different levels. The most expansive leaf area is found in clone IRR 104 compared to other clones. In addition, paclobutrazol affects plant height. Applying paclobutrazol can reduce plant height for all clones but increases stem girth, skin thickness, number and diameter of latex vessels, and total chlorophyll at 46 months after treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cashew apple (Anacardium occidental L.) is a tropical fruit that is a byproduct of the cashew nut processing industry. Rich in vitamins, polyphenols, sugars, minerals, amino acids, and dietary fiber, it contains bioactive compounds and several active components (ascorbic acid, anacardic acid, carotenoids, condensed tannins, quercetin, and other phenolic) that serve as antioxidants. This study aims to determine the effect of giving cashew apple juice and its nutritional impact on Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus – Berkenhout 1769). The study adopted 21 male Wistar rats for 7 d fed with AIN 76 (American Institute of Nutrition 1976) diet, divided into three groups of seven rats. The first group was administered with fresh cashew apple juice treatment 0.14 % (CAJT 0.14 %), the second group with cashew apple juice 0.12 % (CAJT 0.12 %), and the last group with aquadest (Placebo) per day orally for 28 d. Employing an experimental method, variables of protein using Kjeldahl method, starch using the direct acid hydrolysis method, and calcium levels in the feces of experimental rats were observed. The data was obtained through analysis of variance, and differences among samples were tested using Least Significant Different (LSD). The results showed that CAJT 0.14 % significantly reduced protein digestibility (11.49 %) and starch feed (0.69 %) as well as weight rate by 78.85 g (38.34 %) while increased calcium excretion (0.44 %). CAJT 0.12 % followed at 11.36 %, 0.68%, 38.64 % (88.74 g), and 0.44 % respectively. Placebo was not affective towards research variables. The effect of consuming cashew apple juice regarding nutrient digestibility shows its potential for a commercial process as a functional food and a slimming agent, which answers the environmental need for waste utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nori is a dried edible seaweed sheet made from Porphyra, a genus of red algae that thrivesprimarily in subtropical waters. Nori-like products have been developed from tropical seaweed species but they are still considered undesirable due to their astringent taste and lower protein content compared to the original nori. This investigation aimed to produce a nori-like product by utilizing a combination of locally sourced seaweeds, Ulva lactuca and Gracilaria changii, with the addition of anchovy flour to enhance its protein content. To obtain the optimal formulation of the product, we employed a design expert software application to analyze sensory data collected from a hedonic scale assessment involving 25 trained panelists. We evaluated sensory characteristics, including appearance, aroma, texture, taste, and overall satisfaction. Additionally, we considered parameters such as crispness and colour to determine the nori-like product quality. The best-selected product, determined through sensory evaluation, underwent further analysis of its proximate and amino acids profile, as well as mineral content. The results were compared to those of commercial nori from Porphyra. The highest-quality product was found to be the nori-like product with a formula consisting of 25.40% Ulva lactuca, 7.98% Gracilaria changii, 1.50% glycerin, 4.12% anchovy powder and the remainder water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]