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From the aerial parts of Zygophyllum fabago, two new monosodium salts of sulfated derivatives of ursolic acid, along with two known quinovic acid glycosides were isolated. The structures of the new compounds were determined as (3 beta,4 alpha)-3,23,30-trihydroxyurs-20-en-28-al 3,23-di(sulfate) sodium salt (1:1) (1) and of (3 beta,4 alpha)-3,23,28-trihydroxyurs-20-en-30-yl beta-D-glucopyranoside 3,23-di(sulfate) sodium salt (1:1) (2) with the molecular formula C(30)H(47)NaO(10)S(2) and C(36)H(59)Na(O)15S(2), respectively. The structures of the known compounds were 3-O-(2-O-sulfo-beta-D-quinovopyranosyl)quinovic acid 28-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (3) and 3-O(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)quinovic acid 28-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (4) (quinovic acid = (3 beta)-3-hydroxyurs-12-ene-27,28-dioic acid). The structures of all these compounds were determined by using 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic techniques.

WOS: 000269481300007, The objective of this study was to examine antibacterial, antifungal, and antimycobacterial properties of flex aquifolium L. (Aquifoliaceae) growing in Turkey. The ethanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-hexane extracts prepared from the leaves of I. aquifolium were tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhimurium, and Candida albicans for antibacterial and antifungal evaluation using the microdilution broth susceptibility assay. In addition, antimycobacterial activity of the crude extracts of I. aquifolium was evaluated by microplate Alamar blue assay. The results showed that the extracts tested, except n-hexane, possessed moderate antibacterial and antifungal activity varying from 62.5 to 250 mu g/mL. On the other hand, the ethanol extract of the leaves exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration value (MIC) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra strain of 200 mu g/mL.

In the present study, the alkaloid composition of the aerial parts of Genista vuralii A. Duran & H. Dural (Fabaceae) was investigated by capillary GC-MS. Ten quinolizidine alkaloids were identified by capillary GC-MS, namely, N-methylcytisine, cytisine, tetrahydrorhombifoline, 17-oxosparteine, 5,6-dehydrolupanine, lupanine, 17-oxolupanine, anagyrine, baptifoline, and 13 alpha-tigloyloxylupanine. Among them, anagyrine (93.04%) was the most abundant alkaloid. Furthermore, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the alkaloid extract of G. vuralii were tested against standard strains of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonos aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) as well as fungi (Candida albicans, Candida krusei). The alkaloid extract of G. vuralii presented good activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis, and C krusei, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 62.5 mu g/mL. The remaining MIC values were found to range between 125 and 500 mu g/mL. To the best of our knowledge, the current work is the first to report the alkaloid profile and antimicrobial activity of G. vuralii L. growing in Turkey.

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Rhododendron ponticum L. (Ericaceae) is used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and to alleviate rheumatic pain and against toothache in Turkish traditional medicine. Aim of the study: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of Rhododendron ponticum leaves using in vivo models, and isolation and chemical characterization of the biologically active constituents through bioassay-guided fractionation procedures. Material and Methods: Carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model was used for anti-inflammatory activity and p-benzoquinone induced abdominal contractions model for the antinociceptive activity assessment. Results: The ethylacetate fraction displayed marked anti-inflammatory (28.4-40.7% inhibition) and antinociceptive (50.7% inhibition) effects as compared to reference compounds. Through bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation procedures flavonol glycosides [a mixture of hyperoside and isoquercitrin (1) and quercitrin (2)] along with one flavanone glycoside [6-C-glycosylnaringenin (3)] were isolated as the active ingredients of ethylacetate extract against carrageenan-induced edema and p-benzoquinone-induced writhes and their structures were elucidated by spectral techniques. 1 and 2 also showed a significant anti-inflammatory activity against 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA)- induced mouse ear edema model. Conclusion: Results of the present study supported the utilization of the plant in Turkish folk medicine and revealed that flavones are the major anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive principles of the leaves. © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. This study is financially supported by The Scientific Research Fund of Gazi University.

Purpose of the present study was to evaluate alkaloid profile of the aerial parts of Lupinus angustifolius growing in Turkey by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Fifteen alkaloids were identified by capillary GC-MS. 13α-Hydroxylupanine (50.78%) and lupanine (23.55%) were determined as the main alkaloids in the aerial parts of L. angustifolius. Ammodendrine, isoangustifoline, tetrahydrorhombifoline, angustifoline, α-isolupanine, 5,6-dehydrolupanine, 11,12-dehydrolupanine, 13α-acetoxylupanine, 13α-isovaleroyloxylupanine, 13α-valeroyloxylupanine, 13α-tigloyloxylupanine, 13α-cis-cinnamoyloxylupanine and 13α-cis-cinnamoyloxy-17-oxolupanine were identified as the minor alkaloids of the plant. Furthermore, antibacterial and antifungal activities of L. angustifolius alkaloid extract were tested against standard strains of the following bacteria; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus as well as the fungi; Candida albicans and C. krusei. The alkaloid extract showed significant activity on B. subtilis, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa while it was weakly active on E. coli. On the other hand, the extract possessed moderate activity against C. albicans and C. krusei.

Eleven species of the Boraginaceae family collected in Turkey were analyzed with respect to the amount of gamma-linolenic acid as well as fatty acid composition. gamma-Linolenic acid was found in all species, except for Heliotropium lasiocarpum Fisch. & Mey. and Heliotropium dolosum De Not. Seed oil content ranged from 1.5% in H. lasiocarpum to 22.0% in Anchusa leptophylla ssp. leptophylla. The content of gamma-linolenic acid ranged from 1.7% of total fatty acids in Paracaryum racemosum (Schreber) Britten var. racemosum to 13.7% in A. leptophylla Roemer & Shultes ssp. leptophylla. According to data from our study, A. leptophylla ssp. leptophylla (13.7%), Anchusa azurea Miller var. azurea (11.9%) and Echium plantagineum L. (12.2%) might be considered as new sources of gamma-linolenic acid.

Ethanolic and aqueous extracts from seven plant species used in Turkish traditional medicine were evaluated for in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities; Helleborus orientalis Lam. roots and herbs, Juglans regia L. leaves, Laurocerasus officinalis Roemer leaves, Nerium oleander L. dried and fresh flowers and leaves, Rhododendron ponticum L. leaves, Rubus hirtus Walds. et Kit aerial parts and Rubus sanctus Schreber aerial parts and roots. All the plant extracts, except the aqueous extract of Rubus hirtus, were shown to possess significant antinociceptive activity in varying degrees against p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal contractions in mice. However, only the ethanolic extracts of Helleborus orientalis roots, Juglans regia leaves, Laurocerasus officinalis leaves, Nerium oleander dried and fresh flowers, and Rhododendron ponticum leaves exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model in mice without inducing any gastric damage. Results of the present study confirmed the folkloric claim that all the selected materials to possess potent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

The effect of irrigation on the seed yield, oil yield, and oil composition of sunflower in populations of Ekiz1 and VNIIMK 8931, a mixture of N2, N3, and N4 lines, and a synthetic variety obtained from these lines has been studied. The major fatty acid was found to be oleic acid, in addition to linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids. Irrigation increased seed yield, oil yield, and oil content of all samples. In two of them, the synthetic variety and VNIIMK 8931, the increase was found to be statistically significant. In addition, irrigation of the samples did not increase significantly the amount of oleic and linoleic acids. On the contrary, the amount of linoleic acid in the mixture of N2, N3, and N4 lines and oleic acid in VNIIMK 8931 decreased statistically significantly.

The steam volatiles obtained from the fresh and dried needles of Taxus baccata (Taxaceae), collected from Turkey after enzymatic hydrolysis, were analyzed by GC/MS. Sixty-three compounds representing 88.6% of the oil obtained from the fresh needles were identified. Hexadecanoic acid (19.6%) and decanoic acid (19.5%) were the most abundant components in these oils. Sixty-five components representing 86.6% of the oil from the dried needles were characterized, with hexadecanoic acid (22.5%) and decanoic acid (12.6%) being the major components.

A total of 16 ethanol extracts of Turkish medicinal plants were evaluated for antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Sindbis virus (SINV). Extracts of Galanthus elwesii and Rheum ribes showed the most potent anti-HSV activities, while six other extracts had weaker activities. Galanthus elwesii and Leucojum aestivum were the most potent anti-SINV extracts with four others showing weaker activities. In total, five extracts were active against both viruses, three were selective for HSV and one was selective for SINV. Evidence for an antiviral photosensitizer was obtained in two anti-HSV extracts, in which activity was either completely dependent on light, or was con-siderably enhanced by light. Thus, several Turkish medicinal plants appear to be promising sources of antiviral activities.

Five ursane type sulfated saponins have been isolated from the aerial parts of Zygophyllum fabago Linn. (locally called Chashum). The urease inhibitory effects of these compounds have been investigated for the first time as well as their molecular docking studies have also been carried out to check the structure-activity relationship. The IC50 values of these compounds could not be found due to paucity of the samples. The molecular docking studies were performed only for the most active compound mono sodium salt of 3 beta,23-di-O-sulfonyl-23-hydroxyurs-20(21)-en-28-oic acid 28-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl] ester (Zygofaboside A; 1). (C) 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

A new flavonoid, kaempferol-3,4'-di-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (1), and three known flavonoids (2-4) were isolated from the aerial parts of T. communis L. The structure of the new compound was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 2 showed significant antioxidant activity (IC50 187.151 +/- 0.821 mu M, and 92.079 +/- 0.513 mu M, respectively), whereas compounds 3 and 4 showed moderate activity in DPPH free radical scavenging assays.

55th Annual Congress of the Society-for-Medicinal-Plant-Research -- SEP 02-06, 2007 -- Karl Franzens Univ, Graz, AUSTRIA, WOS: 000249395900259, …, Soc Med Plant Res

… Soc Med Plant Res

In this research, total and free daidzein content in Genista species growing in Turkey were investigated using the LC-MS method. The highest amount of total and free daidzein in these species was found in Genista sessilifolia and G. lydia var. antiochia as 0.0056 and 0.0009%, respectively. Total and free daidzein content of the aerial parts of other Genista species varied from 0.0003 to 0.0044%, and from 0.0001 to 0.0008%, respectively.

The antioxidant activities of four Lamiaceae plants, Salvia viridis L., Salvia multicaulis Vahl, Stachys byzantina C. Koch and Eremostachys laciniata (L.) Bunge have been determined by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as well as by flow injection analysis-luminol chemiluminescence (FIA-CL). All extracts were shown to possess a significant scavenger activity against DPPH free radical and an inhibitory effect on H2O2- or HOCI-luminol chemiluminescence. The extracts scavenged 50% of DPPH radical ranging in the following descending order: Salvia viridis > Stachys byzantina > Salvia multicaulis > Eremostachys laciniata. The most potent extract on H2O2-induced peak chemiluminescence was that of Salvia viridis and on HOCl-induced peak chemiluminescence was that of Stachys byzantina. The results concluded that the extracts have a potential source of antioxidants of natural origin. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Three lignan derivatives, (-)-taxiresinol (1), (-)-3′-demethylisolariciresinol-9′-hydroxyisopropylether (2) and (-)-3-demethylisolariciresinol (3), previously isolated from the heartwood of Taxus baccata L. (Taxaceae) were investigated for cytotoxicity against the Oncology Cell Line Panel (breast, colon, ovary, prostate, lung and a normal adult bovine aortic endothelial cell line) as well as for antimicrobial activities. Besides, a chloroform-soluble portion of the ethanol extract from the heartwood of T. baccata was also tested for antimicrobial activities. Compounds 1 - 3 did not demonstrate much cytotoxic potency according to the reference drug etoposide. With the exception of compound 2, the other two lignans (1 and 3) and the chloroform extract were shown to possess antifungal activity, whereas only the chloroform extract exhibited antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Four lignan type compounds, lariciresinol, taxiresinol, isolariciresinol and 3-demethyl-isolariciresinol, were isolated from the heartwood of Taxus baccata L. (Taxaceae) growing in Turkey through chromatographic techniques. In vivo anti-ulcerogenic potency of these compounds was investigated on ethanol-induced ulcerogenesis model in rats at two different doses, 50 and 100 mg/kg. All compounds were shown to possess significant anti-ulcerogenic activity at both doses. However, the effect of taxiresinol was the most prominent.

Crude extracts prepared from the heartwood of Taxus baccata L. were evaluated for their antiplatelet and vasorelaxing effect. The ethanol extract of the heartwood of T. baccata (1) and their fractions, CHCl3 (2) and CHCl3 nonsoluble extract (3) were preincubated with platelets, and then thrombin, arachidonic acid (AA), collagen or plateletactivating factor (PAF) was added for testing antiplatelet activity. In other set of experiments, all extracts were tested on high potassium or norepinephrine (NE) depolarized isolated rat thoracic aorta for investigating the vasorelaxing effect. All tested extracts showed a significant inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation induced by AA, collagen and PAF at a concentration of 400 mg/ml, but not thrombin. However, not all extracts relaxed NE-induced vasocontraction, extracts 1 and 2 showed a weak inhibitor effect on high potassium depolarized smooth muscle. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on antiplatelet activity and vasorelaxing effect of the heartwood of T. baccata.

Crude extracts prepared from various parts of Taxus baccata L. have been evaluated for their antimycobacterial activity. A CHCl3 fraction of the heartwood and ethanol extract of the leaves exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration value (MIC) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra strain of 200 mug/ml.

Four taxoids (taxusin, baccatin VI,baccatin III and 1beta-hydroxybaccatin I) and five lignans (lariciresinol, taxiresinol, 3'-demethylisolariciresinol-9'-hydroxyisopropyl ether, isolariciresinol and 3-demethylisolariciresinol) were isolated from the heartwood of Taxus baccata L. (Taxaceae) growing in Turkey through chromatographic techniques. In vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of these compounds were investigated. All the compounds were shown to possess significant antinociceptive activity against p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal contractions, while only lignan derivatives significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in mice. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

GenusTaxusL. (Taxaceae) is widely distributed in the world which is represented by one species in TurkeyTaxus baccataL. (European yew)1. Many lignans have been isolated fromTaxusspecies until now2,4. In our continuing researches for bioactive compounds, two new lignans, 3‘demethylisolariciresinol-9’-hydroxyisopropylether (1) and 3-demethyl isolariciresinol (2), have been isolated from the heartwood of T baccata,along with a known lignan isolariciresinol (3). In this study, the isolation and structure elucidation of these compounds (Fig.1 and Fig.2) were described.

GenusTaxus(Taxaceae) is represented by eight species and two hybrids in the world. HoweverTaxushas only one species growing in TurkeyTaxus baccataL. (European yew)1,2. Many compounds such as taxoids, lignans, flavonoids, steroids, diterpenoids and sugar derivatives have been isolated commonly in this genus3,4.