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This study is aimed to (1) develop an augmented reality-based immune system module for the eleven grade students of high school to be a proper learning media for them; (2) Identify the impact of using the augmented reality-based immune system module on the eleven grade students' learning performance. This study is classified as Research and Development study using ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) model but limited only until the development stage. The subject of this study were two materials experts, two media experts, two biology teachers, and the students of XI MIPA Public Senior High School 1 Mejobo Kudus. The data were collected using assessment instruments of materials experts, media experts, biology teachers, and students and also pretest and post-test question sheets. The results of the assessments were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using SPPS. The results show that (1) the augmented reality-based immune system module is stated as a proper media to be used in the teaching and learning process. It was based on the assessments from the materials experts with the average value of 48.5 categorized as good, the media experts with an average value of 43.5 categorized as good, and from the biology teachers with the average value of 46 categorized as good; (2) the Augmented reality-based immune system module has an impact on improving the students' learning performance on the topic of the immune system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to obtain the optimum extraction conditions by performing the optimization of temperature and extraction time and characterization of constituent chemical components of cuciwis (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. alba Alef) from Tegal, Central Java, Indonesia. Extraction temperature, extraction time and liquid (water) to solid ratio were optimized in order to extract antioxidant phenolic compounds from extracts of cuciwis kubis. The quality of the extract is influenced by the procedures utilized in the extraction process. Polyphenolic chemicals, carotenoids, and vitamins are natural antioxidants found in plants that have pharmacological actions such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral. The yield, antioxidant activity (DPPH), and total phenol of cuciwis (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba Alef) extracts were all tested. The aim of the research was to determine the best temperature and time for hexane-based reflux extraction. The modeling methodology used the surface response method (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD). Result in this study In the solution's results, the antioxidant activity by reducing radicals in cabbage washes was discovered to be 27.848 percent (Table 4). Based on the study, cabbage washes had a total phenol concentration of 3,788 mg/g. The results of this study are in line with previous research, which suggests that eliciting total phenol concentration at temperatures below 50 °C increases total phenol concentration, phenol absorption at 33.85-50 degrees Celsius with an extraction time of 3 hours. Therefore, the findings in this study support the extraction, The best results were obtained after 3 hours at 33.85°C: 18,585, 27,848 % DPPH radical scavenging, and 3,788 mg/g total phenol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, 21st century education required university students to have higher-order thinking skill, such as critical thinking. One of the effort to improve students' critical thinking skills, is by implementing problem-solving model in Biology courses. This study aims to describe the difference in students' critical thinking skills using problem solving model and classical model (lecture method). This study used quasi-experimental with Pretest-Posttest Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population of this study was the second-year biology education study program students of Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia. The samples were drawn by a probability sampling technique. The research subject were two classes of second-year biology education study program students on 2019/2020 academic year at Yogyakarta State University (YSU), Indonesia. The number of students in the control and experimental class were 28 students, respectively. Students in the control class were taught by a classical model (lecture method), while students in the experimental class were taught by a Problem-solving model. The data on students' critical thinking skills were collected by test. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA and the percentage average of N-gain score. The result of this study showed that there were significant differences (p<0,05) in students' critical thinking skills taught with Problem-solving (73%, high category) and classical model (lecture method) (48%, moderate category). It proves that problem solving model is able to improve students' thinking skills effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in the ability to understand concepts after the implementation of learning with the 7E learning cycle with mind mapping based on blended learning on the nervous system material. The experimental class is XI IPA 1 and the control class is XI IPA 2. The design of this research is True Experimental Design type pretest-posttest control group design. The instrument consists of a conceptual understanding test. The data of this study were collected through a multiple-choice test consisting of 15 pre-test and post-test items. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and used N-gain to determine the increase in student's conceptual understanding. The results showed that the understanding of students' concepts in learning the 7E learning cycle model with mind mapping based on blended learning was better than 5M learning with an N-gain value of 0.46 in the medium category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Problem Based Learning model with by Augmented Reality media to enhance critical thinking skills on the subject of sensory systems in online learning. The research was implemented on class XI MIPA students at SMAN 2 Sleman, Yogyakarta. The indicators of critical thinking skills used in the research instrument are in accordance with those proposed proposed by Ennis. This type of research is a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design and used simple random sampling technique. The instrument for measuring critical thinking skills is a technical test in the form of a 10-item essay. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. The results showed that the Problem Based Learning model with by Augmented Reality learning media was effective in enhancing students' critical thinking skills with an N-gain value of 0.66 which was classified as moderate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the developed e-learning media that is more innovative and structured is Moodle. Moodle-based e-learning is an appropriate learning media to increase student’s motivation in self-directed learning. This research aims at developing Moodle-based e-learning media of immune system material at eleventh grade of senior high school that is theoretically valid based on the experts’ validation. This research is also intended to see the influence of Moodle-based e-learning on the student’s self-directed learning. This research used a learning development model of ADDIE (Analysis- Design-Develop-Implement-Evaluate). The developed learning media was validated by an expert at learning media, an expert at learning material, two Biology teachers, and three researchers’ colleagues. The researchers also used a questionnaire for student’s self-directed learning. The results revealed that the Moodle-based e-learning is theoretically feasible to use in that the score of media validation is 3.85 (very good), the score of material validation is 3.8 (very good), and the score of the validation by Biology teachers and colleagues is 3.76 (very good). Besides, the gain score of student’s self-directed learning is 0.31, which belongs to moderate criteria. In summary, the Moodle-based e-learning is appropriate and recommended to implement in the learning process and can increase the student’s self-directed learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 pandemic has not been resolved responsively by all Indonesian citizens. Therefore, education about the importance of reducing spread of Covid-19 virus must be carried out proactively. This research aims to; (1) develop covid-19 pandemic socialization and mitigation model for the community; (2) know the feasibility of covid-19 pandemic socialization and mitigation model for the community; and (3) analyze the effectiveness of covid-19 pandemic socialization and mitigation model for the community. The research was conducted in Yogyakarta, with a Research and Development approach with a 4-D main stage development model, namely Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. The application of the main steps in the research is not only tracing the original version but according to the characteristic of the subject and the place of origin of the examinee. In addition, the model that is followed is adjusted to the needs of development in the field. The data obtained in this research were respondents responses during limited-scale trials. The indicator of research success is increased knowledge and participation of the community in preventing Covid-19 outbreak which was seen after the research took place. The results are; (1) pocket book and educational animation have been produced as model instruments for the socialization and mitigation of Covid-19 pandemic; (2) the model instruments for the socialization and mitigation of Covid-19 pandemic are declared appropriate by media experts as well as content experts to be tested in the community; and (3) a model for the socialization and mitigation of Covid-19 pandemic that was developed is effective to increase knowledge and disaster response attitude of the Yogyakarta Community towards the Covid-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]