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Nuraliev, Maxim S., Romanov, Mikhail S., Drokina, Victoria G., Fu, Long-Fei, Vislobokov, Nikolay A. (2023): Two newly recorded species of Aspidistra (Asparagaceae) for the flora of China: A. obliqua and A. triradiata. Phytotaxa 600 (4): 248-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.600.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN

Aspidistra triradiata Vislobokov (2015: 269) (Fig. 3) Literature: — Wei (2018: 622), Wei et al. (2022: 112), Tillich (2023: 6). TYPE: — VIETNAM. Vinh Phuc province: Tam Dao district, Tam Dao National Park, about 6 km NW of Tam Dao town, 21°29.942’ N 105°36.973’ E, elev. 1208 m, rainforest, 19 November 2014, N. A. Vislobokov 14098 (holotype: MW: MW0595636!; flowering). Image of holotype available at: https://depo.msu.ru/open/public/en/item/MW0595636 Additional specimens examined: — CHINA. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: Baise City, Napo County, Baishen town, Nonglong village, slope of limestone hill, 23°14.377’ N 105°33.764’ E, elev. 1188 m, 22 November 2016, N. A. Vislobokov, M. S. Nuraliev, B. Pan, F. Wen, Z. B. Xin G30 (IBK: IBK00407784; MW: MW0753785, MW0753786; flowering); living plant from the same gathering cultivated in the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow), garden number: 2016.12342; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: Laibin City, Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County, Dayao Mountain Park, Shengtang mountain, mountain slope, forest with bamboo, 23°58.493’ N 110°06.741’ E, elev. 1229 m, 11 November 2017, N. A. Vislobokov, M. S. Nuraliev, J. Dong G168 (IBK; MW: MW0754786, MW0754787, MW0754788; fruiting); living plant from the same gathering cultivated in the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow), garden number: 2017.13475 (flowered in March 2018). Notes:— Aspidistra triradiata belongs to the so-called A. hainanensis species complex. This complex is characterized by tufted leaves, i.e., by presence of several foliage leaves per elementary shoot (Tillich & Averyanov 2012, Tillich 2014, 2023, Averyanov et al. 2018, Ding et al. 2021, Vislobokov et al. 2021), and distinguished from other species with tufted leaves by perigone lobes with 4–6 keels and mushroom-shaped pistils (Tillich 2023). Specimen identification within this complex is known to be complicated by incompletely understood morphological boundaries and geographical distribution of its species. A specimen Le Tuan Anh s.n. collected in Quang Tri province of Vietnam and assigned to A. triradiata was reported as a source for investigation of chemical compounds by Le et al. (2022, 2023a, 2023b). After investigation of analytical field photographs of this specimen kindly provided by Le Tuan Anh (see also LE: LE 01123061), a collector of this specimen, we concluded that it shows considerable differences from A. triradiata, including campanulate (vs urceolate) perigone tube and stigma entirely white above (vs with three purple radial lines). We here re-identify this specimen as A. hainanensis W.Y.Chun & F.C.How in Guangdong Institute of Botany (1977: 533) s.s. Wei (2018) included A. triradiata in a list of native plants of Guangxi and indicated this species to be found in Napo (where our collection Vislobokov et al. G 30 was also made). However, Wei (2018) did not cite any collections or references for this occurrence, which makes it impossible to be verified, especially given the taxonomic difficulties in A. hainanensis complex described above. Here, we report A. triradiata from China confirmed by specimen investigation and photographs of living flowers for the first time. Distribution:— China (Guangxi: counties Napo and Jinxiu), Vietnam (Vinh Phuc: Tam Dao district). Ecology and phenology:— Aspidistra triradiata inhabits diverse types of evergreen forests, including forests on limestone karst, at elevations around 1200 m a.s.l. Flowering and fruiting in nature in November., Published as part of Nuraliev, Maxim S., Romanov, Mikhail S., Drokina, Victoria G., Fu, Long-Fei & Vislobokov, Nikolay A., 2023, Two newly recorded species of Aspidistra (Asparagaceae) for the flora of China: A. obliqua and A. triradiata, pp. 248-254 in Phytotaxa 600 (4) on page 251, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.600.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/8093997, {"references":["Vislobokov, N. A. (2015) Two new species of Aspidistra (Asparagaceae, Nolinoideae) from northern Vietnam: A. clausa and A. triradiata. Phytotaxa 207 (3): 265 - 272. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 207.3.4","Wei, Y. G. (2018) The distribution and conservation status of native plants in Guangxi, China. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 876 pp.","Wei, Y. G., Do, T. V. & Wen, F. (2022) A checklist to the plants of northern Vietnam. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 606 pp.","Tillich, H. J. (2023) 200 years Aspidistra (Asparagaceae), and now more than 200 species: a new comprehensive determination key, and an annotated bibliography of the genus. Nordic Journal of Botany: e 03818. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / njb. 03818","Tillich, H. - J. & Averyanov, L. V. (2012) Four new species of Aspidistra Ker Gawl. (Asparagaceae) from China and Vietnam with a comment on A. longifolia Hook. f. and A. hainanensis W. Y. Chun & F. C. How. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 64 (1): 201 - 209.","Tillich, H. J. (2014) The genus Aspidistra Ker-Gawl. (Asparagaceae) in Vietnam. Taiwania 59 (1): 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.6165 / tai. 2014.59.1","Averyanov, L. V., Tillich, H. J., Pham, V. T., Nguyen, S. K., Le, T. A., Nguyen, H. T., Maisak, T. V., Tuan, A. H. L., Nguyen, D. D., Truong, Q. C., Nguyen, T. L. T. & Vu, T. C. (2018) New taxa and taxonomic notes in Aspidistra (Convallariaceae s. s.) in China, Laos and Vietnam. Nordic Journal of Botany 36 (7): e 01833. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / njb. 01833","Ding, H. B., Xiong, K. C., Yang, B., Yin, J. T., Bouamanivong, S. & Tan, Y. H. (2021) New species and taxonomic notes of Aspidistra (Asparagaceae) for the flora of China and Laos. Taiwania 66 (4): 439 - 449. https: // doi. org / 10.6165 / tai. 2021.66.439","Vislobokov, N. A., Fu, L. F., Wei, Y. G. & Nuraliev, M. S. (2021) Leaf epidermal micromorphology in Aspidistra (Asparagaceae): diversity and taxonomic significance. PhytoKeys 185: 65 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / phytokeys. 185.72259","Le, H. B. T., Ho, D. V., Nguyen, H. M., Le, A. T., Tran, T. V. A. & Nguyen, H. T. (2022) A new spirostanol steroid and a new spirostanol steroidal saponin from Aspidistra triradiata and their cytotoxic activities. Natural Product Research: 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14786419.2022.2095635","Le, H. B. T., Ho, D. V., Nguyen, H. M., Tran, T. V. A. & Nguyen, H. T. (2023 a) Aspidiatas C and D, two new spirostanol saponins from Aspidistra triradiata and their cytotoxic activities. Natural Product Research: 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14786419.2023.2204432","Le, H. B. T., Tran, T. V. A., Nguyen, H. M., Nguyen, L. T. K., Ho, D. V. & Nguyen, H. T. (2023 b) Aspidiata E, a new spirostanol saponin from Aspidistra triradiata and its cytotoxic activity. Natural Product Communications 18 (6): 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1177 / 1934578 X 231179412","Guangdong Institute of Botany (1977) Liliaceae. In: Guangdong Institute of Botany (eds.) Flora Hainanica 4. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 107 - 119, 533 - 534. [in Chinese]"]}

Aspidistra obliqua K.S.Nguyen & Aver. in Averyanov et al. (2020a: 9) (Fig. 2) Literature: — Averyanov et al. (2020b: 155, Fig. 337, 338), Wei et al. (2022: 111), Tillich (2023: 11). TYPE: — VIETNAM. Ha Giang province: Quan Ba district, Can Ty commune, Sin Suoi Ho village, around point 23.09566° N 105.02142° E, very steep mountain slopes composed of solid highly eroded karstic limestone at elevation 800–1000 m a.s.l., remnants of primary evergreen broad-leaved and coniferous (with Calocedrus rupestris and Xanthocyparis vietnamensis) humid forest, terrestrial herb in shady place among rocks, 11 October 2019, L. Averyanov, Nguyen Sinh Khang, T. Maisak VR 1548 (holotype: LE: LE01067134 photo!; isotypes: HN, MW: MW0595840!; flowering and fruiting). Image of holotype available at: https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=12854 Photos of living plants used for preparation of type specimens available at: https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=13148 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=99504 Additional specimens examined: — CHINA. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: Chongzuo City, Longzhou County, Zhubu town, Nongzai village, path to Sancunshan hill, limestone slope, 22°29.335’ N 106°56.212’ E, elev. 250 m, 25 November 2016, N. A. Vislobokov, M. S. Nuraliev, B. Pan, F. Wen G72 (IBK; MW: MW0753756, MW0753762, MW0753767, sterile); living plant from the same gathering cultivated in the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow), garden number: 2016.12352 (and spirit material of flowers from this plant in collection of Moscow University, flowered in May 2022). Notes:—The Chinese specimen shows several significant morphological differences from the type specimen of A. obliqua, which, however, do not prevent us from assigning our specimen to this species. In particular, in the living material of Vislobokov et al. G 72, the leaf blade is lustrous (vs velvety); however, this difference is not evident when comparing dried specimens. Then, the stamens are inserted at level of 1/3 of perigone tube (vs at middle of perigone tube), and the pistil is evidently mushroom-shaped with convex stigma (vs obconoid). The pistil in the Chinese specimen is white in the basal half, whereas it is described as dark purple black to black in the protologue. At the same time, Figure 6 in Averyanov et al. (2020a) depicts a flower (right side of plate, second flower from above) with the same pistil coloration as in the Chinese specimen. In addition, in Vislobokov et al. G72, the stamens are free from the pistil (similarly to all the other known species of the genus), whereas Averyanov et al. (2020a) described the type material to uniformly have stamens densely appressed to the pistil right below stigma, and (1–)2(–3) of them fused with the pistil by filament apices. We suppose that such an unusual floral construction could be a result of a teratological nature of the type material. Distribution:— China (Guangxi: Longzhou County), Vietnam (Ha Giang: Quan Ba district). Ecology and phenology:— Aspidistra obliqua inhabits evergreen broad-leaved and coniferous forests on limestone karst at elevations of 250–1000 m a.s.l. Flowering and fruiting in nature in October–November., Published as part of Nuraliev, Maxim S., Romanov, Mikhail S., Drokina, Victoria G., Fu, Long-Fei & Vislobokov, Nikolay A., 2023, Two newly recorded species of Aspidistra (Asparagaceae) for the flora of China: A. obliqua and A. triradiata, pp. 248-254 in Phytotaxa 600 (4) on pages 249-251, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.600.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/8093997, {"references":["Averyanov, L. V., Nguyen, K. S., Son, H. T., Tillich, H. J., Wynn-Jones, B. & Maisak, T. V. (2020 a) New taxa and new records in Aspidistra (Convallariaceae s. s.) of Laos and Vietnam. Nordic Journal of Botany 38: e 02877. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / njb. 02877","Averyanov, L. V., Nguyen, K. S., Tran, T. H., Averyanova, A. L., Maisak, T. V. & Nguyen, H. T. (2020 b) Plant diversity, flora and vegetation of Bat Dai Son Mountain area, northern Vietnam. Strata, Saint-Petersburg, 561 pp.","Wei, Y. G., Do, T. V. & Wen, F. (2022) A checklist to the plants of northern Vietnam. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 606 pp.","Tillich, H. J. (2023) 200 years Aspidistra (Asparagaceae), and now more than 200 species: a new comprehensive determination key, and an annotated bibliography of the genus. Nordic Journal of Botany: e 03818. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / njb. 03818"]}

Key to the species of Aeginetia in Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam (partly based on Zhang & Tzvelev 1998, Parnell 2001, 2008) The key includes two morphs of A. acaulis in order to reflect the known morphological variation of this species and to isolate the relevant material if corresponding infraspecific taxa appear. 1. Pedicel ca. 10 cm long or longer; corolla maroon to purple (occasionally nearly white) or uniformly yellow.................................2 - Pedicel shorter than 10 cm (rarely up to 14.5 cm long), or flower sessile; corolla colour variable, usually with some red to purple hue, throat and center of lower lip often yellow (corolla never uniformly yellow)...........................................................................3 2. Pedicel with 2 bracteoles near base; corolla uniformly bright yellow; corolla lobes broadly spreading, with dentate margin................................................................................................................................................................................................ Aeginetia flava - Pedicel ebracteolate; corolla maroon or purple, occasionally almost entirely white; corolla lobes erect to weakly spreading, with entire to subentire margin.......................................................................................................................................... Aeginetia indica 3. Flower distinctly pedicellate, pedicel ca. 1.5–10(14.5) cm long.................................................... Aeginetia acaulis (typical morph) - Flower shortly pedicellate to subsessile or sessile (seemingly sessile in general view of plant), pedicel up to ca. 0.7 cm long.......................................................................................................................... Aeginetia acaulis (the morph corresponding to A. sessilis), Published as part of Nuraliev, Maxim S., Pham, Van The, Nguyen, Van Canh & Parnell, John A. N., 2023, Sorting out Aeginetia (Orobanchaceae) in Indochina: A. sessilis is a synonym of A. acaulis, pp. 269-279 in Phytotaxa 597 (4) on page 277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7958636, {"references":["Zhang, Z. Y. & Tzvelev, N. N. (1998) Orobanchaceae. In: Wu, Z. Y. & Raven, P. H. (Eds.) Flora of China 18. Missouri Botanical Garden Press and Science Press. St. Louis and Beijing, pp. 229 - 243.","Parnell, J. (2001) A revision of Orobanchaceae in Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 29: 72 - 80.","Parnell, J. (2008) Orobanchaceae. In: Santisuk, T. & Larsen, K. (Eds.) Flora of Thailand 9 (2). The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Conservation Department, Bangkok, pp. 142 - 147."]}

A new species, Vanilla cardinalis (Orchidaceae, Vanilloideae) discovered in southern Vietnam (Phu Yen Province, Song Hinh District) is described and illustrated. Data on ecology, phenology, distribution, and estimated IUCN Red List conservation status of the new species are provided. Differences of V. cardinalis from its morphologically similar congeners are briefly discussed. Additionally, a checklist of the genus Vanilla and the morphologically similar Miguelia in Vietnam is presented.

Key to the genera and species of Phrymaceae in the flora of Vietnam Partly based on Hong et al. (1998), Yamazaki (1985, 1990), Bean (1997), Fischer (2004), Barker et al. (2012), Liu et al. (2020). The genera included in the key are treated within the following tribes:Cyrtandromoeeae (Cyrtandromoea), Leucocarpeae (Erythranthe), Mimuleae (Glossostigma, Microcarpaea, Mimulus), Phrymeae (Phryma) (Stevens 2001 onwards, Liu et al. 2020). 1. Gynoecium pseudomonomerous (ovary unilocular); fruit a 1-seeded achene............................................ Phryma (P. leptostachya) - Gynoecium with both carpels fertile (ovary bilocular); fruit a many-seeded capsule.......................................................................2 2. Suffrutescent perennial herbs; stem erect, sometimes woody at base; inflorescence cymose; corolla usually with 2 raised yellow ridges; stamens 4.............................................................................................................................. Cyrtandromoea (C. grandiflora) - Annual or perennial herbs; stem erect to prostrate; inflorescence racemose (often described as single flowers); corolla various; stamens 2 or 4.....................................................................................................................................................................................3 3. Small annual herbs, glabrous (rarely with hairy calyx); stamens 2 or 4; anthers 1-celled.................................................................4 - Annual or perennial herbs of various size, glabrous or with various indumentum; stamens 4; anthers 2-celled..............................5 4. Stem short, with slender creeping stolons arising from leaf axils; flowers subsessile to pedicellate; calyx terete, with 3–4 unequal lobes; stamens 2 or 4 (2 in the Vietnamese species), if stamens 2 than 2 staminodes present............... Glossostigma (G. diandrum) - Stem prostrate, rooting at nodes; flowers sessile to subsessile (rarely long pedicellate); calyx terete to 5-ribbed, with 5 equal lobes; stamens 2, staminodes absent................................................................................................................... Microcarpaea (M. minima) 5. Leaf venation basal to suprabasal acrodromous; corolla variously coloured (yellow with red spots in the Vietnamese species)........................................................................................................................................................................ Erythranthe (E. nepalensis) - Leaf venation brochidodromous or basal acrodromous; corolla blue to violet, purplish, light pink to nearly white, or rarely (outside Vietnam) yellow............................................................................................................................................................... 6 (Mimulus) 6. Plants floating in ponds and rice fields, with prostrate stem; leaves with distinct petioles; leaf blade orbicular, with entire margin; calyx terete, much shorter than corolla; corolla purple; capsule exserted from calyx........................................ Mimulus orbicularis - Plants terrestrial, with erect stem; leaves sessile; leaf blade linear-oblong or oblanceolate, with slightly serrate margin; calyx narrowly winged, ca. 2/3 as long as corolla; corolla white to pale blue; capsule included in calyx......................... Mimulus strictus, Published as part of Quang, Bui Hong, Bach, Tran The, Hai, Do Van, Hoan, Duong Thi, Huong, Nguyen Thi Thanh, Han, Le Ngoc & Nuraliev, Maxim S., 2023, Cyrtandromoea grandiflora, a new generic record for Vietnam, and a key to Vietnamese Phrymaceae, pp. 147-154 in Phytotaxa 591 (2) on pages 151-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.591.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7797528, {"references":["Hong, D. Y., Yang, H. B., Jin, C. L. & Holmgren, N. H. (1998) Scrophulariaceae. In: Wu, Z. Y. & Raven, P. H. (Eds.) Flora of China 18. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanic Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 1 - 212.","Yamazaki, T. (1985) Scrophulariacees. In: Leroy, J-F. (Ed.) Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Viet-Nam 21. Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 217 pp.","Yamazaki, T. (1990) Scrophulariaceae. In: Smitinand, T. & Larsen, K. (Eds.) Flora of Thailand. vol. 5, part 2. Chutima Press, Bangkok, pp. 139 - 238.","Bean, A. R. (1997) Microcarpaea agonis (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from south-eastern Queensland. Austrobaileya 5 (1): 149 - 151.","Fischer, E. (2004) Scrophulariaceae. In: Kadereit, J. W. (Ed.) The families and genera of vascular plants 7. Flowering plants: Dicotyledons. Lamiales (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg & New York, pp. 333 - 432. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 642 - 18617 - 2 _ 21","Barker, W. R., Nesom, G. L., Beardsley, P. M. & Fraga, N. S. (2012) A taxonomic conspectus of Phrymaceae: a narrowed circumscription for Mimulus, new and resurrected genera, and new names and combinations. Phytoneuron 39: 1 - 60.","Liu, B., Tan, Y. H., Liu, S., Olmstead, R. G., Min, D. Z., Chen, Z. D., Joshee, N., Vaidya, B. N., Chung, R. C. K. & Li, B. (2020) Phylogenetic relationships of Cyrtandromoea and Wightia revisited: A new tribe in Phrymaceae and a new family in Lamiales. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 58 (1): 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jse. 12513","Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards) Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14. Available from: http: // www. mobot. org / MOBOT / research / APweb / (accessed 1 March 2022)"]}

Cyrtandromoea grandiflora C.B. Clarke (1883: 186) (Fig. 1, 2) Literature: — Clarke (1885: 371), Barnett (1962: 210), Burtt (1965: 86), Yamazaki (1990: 155, Fig. 44), Tao et al. (1995: 157, Fig. 2), Hong et al. (1998: 45), Kress et al. (2003: 368), IUCN (2013: 171). TYPE: — BURMA [MYANMAR]. Moulmein, s.d., Lobb T. s.n. (holotype: K: K001392709 photo!). Image of holotype available at: http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/ K001392709 Notes:—The protologue of C. grandiflora (Clarke 1883: 186) states the type location and type gathering as “Peninsula Malayana; Moulmein (Lobb in h. Kew)”. Clarke apparently indicated the Malay Peninsula by a mistake, which follows also from his later treatment (Clarke 1885) describing the species to be known from “Tenasserim: at Moulmein”. Additional specimens examined:— LAOS. Sainyabuli Province: Sainyabuli District, Mekong River, Na Konken village sacred forest, Huay Gawn Goy stream, shaded embankment along stream, primary evergreen seasonal hardwood forest, shale bedrock, 300 m, 29 April 2012, Maxwell J. F . 12-158 (L: L.4320270). VIETNAM. Lai Chau Province: Muong Te District, Bum To Commune, wet place at roadside, 22°22’02.2’’N 102°46’48.4’’E, elev. 342 m, 23 May 2018, Bui H. Q . 217 (HN); Lai Chau Province: Muong Te District, Pa U Commune, wet place at roadside, 22°33’23.8’’N 102°41’01.6’’E, elev. 1342 m, 27 May 2018, Bach T. T ., Bui H. Q., Binh T. D., Son D. H., Thuong V. A. VK 7170 (HN, MW); Dien Bien Province: Muong Nhe District, Leng Su Sin Commune, Muong Nhe Nature Reserve, wet place in evergreen mountain forest, 22°19’40.5”N 102°22’44.8”E, elev. ca. 584 m, 22 April 2021, Bach T. T ., Bui H. Q., Hai D. V., Han N. L., Hoan D. T., Binh T. D., Thuong V. A. DB 2204202101 (HN). Distribution:— Cyrtandromoea grandiflora is known in Myanmar (Mon), Thailand (Chiang Mai, Ratchaburi), China (NW and S Yunnan), Laos (Sainyabuli), Vietnam (Dien Bien Province: Muong Nhe Nature Reserve and Lai Chau Province: Muong Te District), Indonesia (Sumatra). The distribution of C. grandiflora in Vietnam is presented in Fig. 3. Ecology and phenology:— Cyrtandromoea grandiflora inhabits evergreen forests at elevations of 275–1800 m a.s.l. In each of the three Vietnamese locations, only several individuals were observed. Flowering: March–October; fruiting: August–October., Published as part of Quang, Bui Hong, Bach, Tran The, Hai, Do Van, Hoan, Duong Thi, Huong, Nguyen Thi Thanh, Han, Le Ngoc & Nuraliev, Maxim S., 2023, Cyrtandromoea grandiflora, a new generic record for Vietnam, and a key to Vietnamese Phrymaceae, pp. 147-154 in Phytotaxa 591 (2) on page 148, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.591.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7797528, {"references":["Clarke, C. B. (1883) Cyrtandreae. In: de Candolle, A. & de Candolle, C. (Eds.) Monographiae phanerogamarum: Prodromi nunc continuatio, nunc revisio. Vol. 5. G. Masson, Paris, pp. 1 - 303.","Clarke, C. B. (1885) Order CVI. Gesneraceae. In: Hooker, J. D. (Ed.) Flora of British India. Vol. 4. L. Reeve & Co, London, pp. 336 - 375.","Barnett, E. C. (1962) Gesneriaceae. In: Barnett, E. C. (Ed.) Flora siamensis enumeratio, vol. 3 (3). Siam Society, Bangkok, pp. 196 - 238.","Burtt, B. L. (1965) The transfer of Cyrtandromoea from Gesneriaceae to Scrophulariaceae, with notes on the classification of that family. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 7: 73 - 88.","Yamazaki, T. (1990) Scrophulariaceae. In: Smitinand, T. & Larsen, K. (Eds.) Flora of Thailand. vol. 5, part 2. Chutima Press, Bangkok, pp. 139 - 238.","Tao, D. D., Li, X. D. & Yang, X. (1995) Cyrtandromoea - a new recorded genus of Scrophulariaceae and a new species in China. Acta Botanica Yunnaica 17 (2): 155 - 158. [in Chinese]","Hong, D. Y., Yang, H. B., Jin, C. L. & Holmgren, N. H. (1998) Scrophulariaceae. In: Wu, Z. Y. & Raven, P. H. (Eds.) Flora of China 18. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanic Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 1 - 212.","Kress, W. J., DeFilipps, R. A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D. Y. Y. (2003) A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs and climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1 - 590.","IUCN (2013) Ecological survey of the Mekong River between Louangphabang and Vientiane cities, Lao PDR, 2011 - 2012. IUCN, Vientiane, 241 pp."]}

Key to species of Geostachys in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam 1. Inflorescence decurved; flower-bearing branches secund; flowers yellow..................................................................... G. pierreana - Inflorescence erect; flower-bearing branches evenly distributed around the rachis; flowers white, or white with labellum and stamen spotted with dark pink to red..................................................................................................................................................2 2. Flowers plain white with no spotting (Laos)........................................................................................................................... G. sp. A - Flowers white, labellum and stamen spotted dark pink to red...........................................................................................................3 3. Leaf sheaths and ligules plain green; apices of bracts, bracteoles and calyx lobes prominently aristate or mucronate.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. G. aristata - Leaf sheaths spotted or reticulate with dark red, ligules dark red; apices of bracts, bracteoles and calyx lobes round or obtuse with no prominent aristae..................................................................................................................................................... G. annamensis, Published as part of Leong-Škorničková, Jana, Bình, Nguyén Qu ốc, Đăng, Tr ần H ữu, Trư ờng, Lưu H ồng & Nuraliev, Maxim S., 2023, A revision of Geostachys (Zingiberaceae: Alpinioideae) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, including a new species, G. aristata, pp. 245-260 in Phytotaxa 585 (4) on page 246, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.585.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7703837

Geostachys aristata Škorničk., Q.B.Nguyen & H.Đ.Tr ẫn, sp. nov. (Fig. 1, 3, 4) Diagnosis: —Similar to G. annamensis in the overall habit and erect inflorescences composed of 2–3-flowered cincinni of white flowers with labellum and stamen spotted with dark pink to red, but differs from the latter species by the green leaf sheaths and ligules (vs leaf sheaths with dark red reticulation and dark red ligules), most often longer petioles (5–30 mm vs 1–7 mm long), bracts and bracteoles greenish (vs white tinged pink) with prominently aristate (vs round) apices, calyx lobes prominently mucronate with mucros 2–5 mm long (vs calyx lobes blunt, with apices less than 1 mm long), labellum with crimson spots extending to the margin (vs with crimson spots and lines limited to the centre), and longer anther crest (5–6 mm vs 2–3 mm long). Type: — VIETNAM. Kon Tum province: Kon Plông district, Xã Hiḗu commune, 14°38’58.3”N 108°24’57.3”E, 1209 m, 24 April 2012, J. Leong-Škorničková, Q.B. Nguyễn, H.Đ. Trǻn & E. Záveská JLS-1561 (holotype SING: SING0197751! [including flowers preserved in spirit]; isotypes E [mounted over two sheets E00666509! & E00666510!], P [mounted over two sheets P00840190! & P00840191!], PR!, VNMN! [including flowers preserved in spirit]). Clump-forming herb up to 2 m tall. Rhizome supported up to 40 cm above the ground by stilt roots, sheathed by dry brown scales, internally cream white. Leafy shoots with 7–12 leaves per pseudostem, bladeless at basal 1/3; bladeless sheaths 4–6, most basal (outermost) sheaths very short, dry and brown, inner sheaths distally gradually longer, green, abaxially pubescent, with a prominent hyaline margin (more prominent in dry material); leaf sheaths green, pubescent abaxially along the centre, glabrescent towards margin, margin hyaline (more prominent in dry material), basally glabrous or nearly so, distally pubescent; ligule 2–6 mm long, apex round (rarely obscurely bilobed), green, glabrous at base, pubescent at margin (glabrescent with age); petiole ca. 5–30 mm long, shallowly canaliculate, green, adaxially more or less glabrous, abaxially pubescent; leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 23–47 cm long, 8–9 cm wide, adaxially green, sparsely hirsute, abaxially paler green, more densely hirsute, base obtuse to round, apex prominently acuminate, midrib adaxially sunken, pale green to green, mostly glabrous, abaxially protruding, pale green, densely hirsute. Inflorescence radical, erect; peduncle ca. 15 cm long, covered by 8–13 sheathing bracts; sheathing bracts distichous, broadly to narrowly ovate, overlapping, basal ones shorter, tightly appressed to the peduncle, distal 5–6 significantly larger and puffed, basal ones soon becoming brown and papery, distal ones green, adaxially glabrous, abaxially shortly pubescent, glabrescent on sides, margin hyaline (more prominent in dry material); thyrse dense, many-flowered; rachis 7–10 cm long, bright green, glabrous to sparsely hirsute, shortly branched; bracts elliptic, slightly ovate or slightly obovate, 20–40 mm long (excluding the mucro), 8–18 mm wide, aristate to mucronate (mucro 3–7 mm long), semi-translucent pale green, glabrous, each subtending cincinnus of 2–3 flowers on 2–5 mm long branch; branches evenly distributed around rachis, of the same colour and indumentum as rachis; bracteoles elliptic, slightly ovate or slightly obovate, 10–20 mm long (excluding the mucro), 5–15 mm wide, aristate to mucronate (mucro 1–4 mm long), semi-translucent pale green, glabrous. Flower ca. 6 cm long, gullet-type; pedicel 1–2 mm long, green, glabrous; calyx tubular, ca. 22 mm long, with a dorsal unilateral incision ca. 10–11 mm from apex, apex 3-lobed, lobes prominently mucronate (mucro 2–5 mm long), semi-translucent pale green (slightly darker at mucro), glabrous; floral tube ca. 23 mm long, externally white and glabrous, internally white at base, pale pink distally, with glandular hair; dorsal corolla lobe ovate with prominently sharply mucronate apex, ca. 32 mm long (including ca. 7 mm long mucro), ca. 19 mm wide, white, glabrous; lateral corolla lobes ovate with obtuse apex, ca. 23 mm long, ca. 19 mm wide, white, glabrous; labellum obovate, 35–40 mm long, 30–40 mm wide (50–60 mm if inclusive of staminodes), apex bilobed with incision 5–7 mm long, white with narrow white median, tinged pink at the sides of median fading white towards the margins, covered (except the median) with mixture of dark pink to red spots and larger blotches extending all the way towards the margins, adaxially with white glandular hair in the centre, abaxially glabrous; lateral staminodes irregularly obovate, ca. 25 mm long, ca. 20 mm wide, connate to labellum in basal 2/3, white with a mixture of dark pink to red small spots and larger blotches extending all the way towards the margins; stamen 20–22 mm long (including crest); filament 6–7 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide, dorso-ventrally compressed, tinged pink to red, with red spots distally, mostly glabrous with occasional short glandular hair; anther 13–15 mm long (including crest); connective pale yellow with red spots, mostly glabrous with occasional short glandular hair dorsally; crest 5–6 mm long, semi-circular, crenulate, white with deep pink to red spots, glabrous; anther thecae 7 mm long, dehiscing through the entire length; ovary trilocular with central placentation, ellipsoid, 5–5.5 mm long, 3–4 mm in diam., pale green, glabrous; epigynous glands two, ca. 2.5 mm long, 1–1.5 mm in diam., enveloping the base of style, ochraceous; style white, turning pink near stigma, glabrous; stigma capitulate, deep pink to red; ostiole transverse, forward-facing, ciliate. Fruit subglobose to oblate hesperidium with three shallow longitudinal grooves, 15–20 mm in diam., bright green, glabrous, with persistent calyx; seeds 3.5–5 mm long, 2.5–4 mm in diam. (measurements include aril), dark brown, each fully enclosed in semi-translucent white juicy aril. Etymology:— The specific epithet of G. aristata refers to the prominently aristate to mucronate apices of bracts, bracteoles and calyx lobes which readily distinguish the new species from the morphologically closest G. annamensis. Distribution & IUCN preliminary assessment:— Endemic to central Vietnam. This species is known from one historical and three recent collections spanning over three provinces (Ðà Nẵng, Kon Tum and Quảng Nam). The EOO is estimated at 4603 km 2, AOO is estimated at 16 km 2. The forested area in Kon Tum province, Kon Plông district (the type location) is not under any legal protection, and the type population, which has less than 10 observed adult individuals, is small enough to be affected by stochastic events such as a tree falls. Similar situation has been observed at both locations in Quảng Nam province, Tây Giang district, with none of the locations legally protected and occurrence of adult individuals being rare and sporadic. No information is available about populations at Bà Nà hills (Ðà N ẵng province). Although with the existence of suitable habitats in adjacent areas this species possibly inhabits adjacent locations, the vast majority of Geostachys species are considered hyper-endemic to their respective type localities (Lau et al. 2007) and therefore the total distribution area of each species is not expected to be large. Moreover, since the forests inhabited by the three recently known populations (one in Kon Plông and two in Tây Giang) are not within any protected areas (such as National Park or Nature Reserve), they are known to suffer from clearing for the agricultural use of the land. We therefore propose to treat this species provisionally under the category of Endangered (EN) (B1, B2a,b(iii)). Ecology & phenology:— Growing on slopes in slightly disturbed montane evergreen broadleaved primary forest, at elevations of 800–1500 m a.s.l. Flowering of the population in Kon Tum province was observed in April and is likely to continue into May. The fruiting of the populations in Quảng Nam province was observed in August and October, while the fruiting specimen from Bà Nà hills (Ðà Nẵng province) is dated from July. Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— VIETNAM. Ðà Nẵng province-level municipality: Annam, Bana près Tourane [Mount Bà Nà], 1500 m, 17 July 1923, E. Poilane 7227 (P: P02203166, fruiting); Qu ảng Nam province: Tây Giang district, A Xan commune, 15°48’34”N 107°18’43”E, 1155 m, 26 October 2017, H.Đ. Trǻn & H.C. Nguyễn TG639 (SGN, fruiting); Tây Giang district, Tr’Hy commune, 15.84449°N 107.41179°E, 816 m, 10 August 2018, M.T. Đặng TG1061 (SGN, fruiting). Notes: —This species is readily recognisable in the field by its very showy dense inflorescences. The semitranslucent greenish somewhat crenate bracts and bracteoles with aristate or mucronate apices give it almost ‘fluffy’ appearance. It is unfortunate that this beautiful species is unlikely to do well in cultivation (based on the general knowledge about the genus: Leong-Škorničková & Newman 2015), as most of the stilt-rooted ginger species require conditions of fairly undisturbed primary forest to grow well. While the colour differences of the pseudostem and ligules outlined in the diagnosis are helpful only in identification of living material, the difference in morphology of bracts, bracteoles and calyces, as well as prominent hyaline margins on leaf sheaths and sheathing bracts, and wider leaf blades, makes this species easy to recognise even in dry herbarium material. Although G. aristata is morphologically most similar to G. annamensis, it is also similar to two Thai species, G. smitinandii K. Larsen (2001: 17) and G. tratensis Picheansoonthon & Mayoe (2011: 133), and three species from Peninsular Malaysia, G. leucantha B.C. Stone (1980: 77), G. megaphylla Holttum (1950: 228) and G. montana (Ridley 1909: 78) Holttum (1950: 229). All these species share characters of erect inflorescences with flowers evenly arranged around the rachis, and flowers predominantly coloured white with some pink spotting and/or lines. The aristate apices of bracts and bracteoles, as well as mucronate calyx lobes distinguish G. aristata from all of these species., Published as part of Leong-Škorničková, Jana, Bình, Nguyén Qu ốc, Đăng, Tr ần H ữu, Trư ờng, Lưu H ồng & Nuraliev, Maxim S., 2023, A revision of Geostachys (Zingiberaceae: Alpinioideae) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, including a new species, G. aristata, pp. 245-260 in Phytotaxa 585 (4) on pages 250-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.585.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7703837, {"references":["Lau, K. H., Lim, C. K. & Mat-Salleh, K. (2007) Materials for a taxonomic revision of Geostachys (Baker) Ridl. (Zingiberaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 59 (1 & 2): 129 - 138. [https: // www. nparks. gov. sg / sbg / research / publications / gardens' - bulletinsingapore / - / media / sbg / gardens-bulletin / 4 - 4 - 59 - 1 - 2 - 13 - y 2007 - v 59 - p 1 - p 2 - gbs-pg- 129. ashx]","Leong-Skornickova, J. & Newman, M. F. (2015) Gingers of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, in association with Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh and Pha Tad Ke Botanical Garden, Singapore, 229 pp.","Larsen, K. (2001) Geostachys smitinandii K. Larsen (Zingiberaceae), a new species from Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 29: 17 - 22. [https: // li 01. tci-thaijo. org / index. php / ThaiForestBulletin / article / view / 24865]","Picheansoonthon, C. & Mayoe, J. (2011) Geostachys tratensis (Zingiberaceae): A new species from Eastern Thailand. Journal of Japanese Botany 86: 133 - 138. [http: // www. jjbotany. com / pdf / JJB _ 086 _ 133 _ 138 _ abstract. pdf]","Stone, H. C. (1980) Additions to the Malayan flora. N. 7. A new Geostachys (Zingiberaceae) from Gunung Ulu Kali, Pahang. Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Science 6 (A): 75 - 81.","Holttum, R. E. (1950) The Zingiberaceae of the Malay Peninsula. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 13: 224 - 236. [https: // www. nparks. gov. sg / sbg / research / publications / gardens' - bulletin-singapore / - / media / sbg / gardens-bulletin / 4 - 4 - 13 - 0 - 01 - y 1950 - v 13 - gbs-pg- 1. ashx]","Ridley, H. N. (1909) The flora of the Telom and Padang valleys. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 4: 1 - 98. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 62879 # page / 13 / mode / 1 up]"]}

Geostachys pierreana Gagnepain (1906a: 147) (Fig. 1, 5, 6) Type: — Country unknown [S. Vietnam, Cambodia or Thailand], 1865–1877, J.B.L. Pierre 5851 (lectotype, designated here, P: P00686635!; isolectotypes P: P00686634! and P032698!; flowering). Clump-forming herb up to 1 m tall. Rhizome supported by stilt roots, sheathed by dry brown scales. Leafy shoots with 6–13 leaves per pseudostem, bladeless at basal 1/3; bladeless sheaths 2–6; most basal (outermost) sheaths very short, soon becoming dry and brown, inner sheaths distally gradually longer, green with reddish tinge, abaxially glabrous, striate (more prominent in dry material); leaf sheaths similar to bladeless sheaths; ligule ca. 3 mm long, triangular with obtuse apex, green with reddish to brown tinge (darker at base), glabrous; petiole 5–10 mm long, shallowly canaliculate, mostly green, adaxially puberulent and abaxially glabrous to sparsely puberulent; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, 25–35 cm long, 4–6 cm wide, weakly plicate, adaxially green to dark green, somewhat shiny, glabrous, abaxially paler green, glabrous, base narrowly obtuse, apex acuminate, midrib adaxially sunken, pale green to ochraceous, glabrous, abaxially protruding, pale green, glabrous. Inflorescence radical; peduncle erect, covered by 5–7 sheathing bracts; sheathing bracts distichous, ovate to narrowly ovate, overlapping, basal ones shorter, distal ones significantly longer (sometimes developing blade vestiges at the apex, see Fig. 5D on the right), soon becoming brown and papery, striate, glabrous on both sides; thyrse lax, many-flowered; rachis 4–8 cm long, decurved, dull green with dark red tinge (turning dark red to maroon in fruiting stage), hirsute, shortly branched; bracts ovate, broadly ovate to semi-circular, 1–3 mm long, 2–3 mm wide, brownish-maroon at base, greenish to whitish distally, glabrous, caducous, each subtending cincinnus of 1–5 flowers on 4–15 mm long branch; branches secund, of the same colour as rachis, hirsute; bracteoles broadly ovate to broadly elliptic, spathaceous, enveloping the flower with the rest of the cincinnus, 13–30 mm long, 4–17 mm wide, pale pink-orange with greenish apex when young, soon scarious and pale brown to ochraceous, somewhat striate (visible in dry material), mostly glabrous, apex mucronate and puberulent. Flower gullet-type; pedicel negligible; calyx tubular, 12–15 mm long, apex with single lobe ending with prominent ciliate mucro, semi-translucent pale yellow with red tinge, mostly glabrous, apex puberulent; floral tube yellow; dorsal corolla lobe elliptic-oblong with cucullate apex, yellow with white semi-translucent veins, glabrous; lateral corolla lobes elliptic-oblong with obtuse apex, yellow with white semi-translucent veins, glabrous; labellum obovate, apex slightly bilobed, yellow with semitranslucent veins, adaxially with short glandular hair, abaxially glabrous; lateral staminodes irregularly obovate with round apex, nearly entirely connate to labellum, yellow with semi-translucent veins; stamen yellow; filament dorso-ventrally compressed, pale yellow with glandular hair; anther connective yellow, with glandular hair; crest 2–3 mm long, bluntly obscurely three-lobed, yellow; anther thecae dehiscing through the entire length; ovary trilocular with central placentation, cylindrical, greenish or with reddish tinge, glabrous; epigynous glands two; style filiform, cream white; stigma capitulate, cream white; ostiole transverse, forward-facing, ciliate. Fruit (immature) ellipsoid hesperidium, ca. 10 mm long, ca. 6 mm in diam., red, glabrous, with persistent calyx; seeds unknown. Eponymy: —This species is named after a French botanist Jean Baptiste Louis Pierre (23 October 1833 – 30 October 1905) who made the type collection. Distribution & IUCN preliminary assessment: —Currently known only from Bokor National Park, Cambodia. Geostachys pierreana is currently assessed as Data Deficient on IUCN Red List (Olander 2019b). Although the only known location in Bokor National Park is under legal protection, there is no information about the number or size of populations. The Popokvil Waterfall is accessible to public, and the effect of tourism on the vegetation surrounding this area needs to be assessed first for an evidence-based assessment. We therefore suggest continuing to treat this species as Data Deficient (DD). Ecology & phenology: —Growing in broadleaved evergreen forest, including its edges and slightly disturbed areas, at elevations of ca. 1000 m a.s.l. Flowering has been observed in April and June. Additional specimens examined:— CAMBODIA. Kampot province: [Bokor National Park], Popokvil, April [year not given, inferred as 1967?], P. Dy Phon 1157 (P: P02203163, flowering); Bokor National Park, ca. 1.5 km east of Popokvil waterfall, ca. 970 m a.s.l., 1 June 2017, M. Netopilová & I. Faltová s.n. (mounted over 2 sheets, Accession Nos. 02602KBFR1 and 02526KBFR6, herbarium of the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology of the Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources of the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic, flowering). Other field records:— CAMBODIA. Kampot province: Bokor National Park, 5 June 2014, H.T. Luu s.n. (flowering, photo uploaded to LE: LE01093259; see also Fig. 6). Nomenclatural notes: — Gagnepain (1906a) included a single gathering, Pierre 5851, in the protologue of G. pierreana. From the title of Gagnepain’s paper it is evident that the specimens examined by him were located at P. Although the three available sheets at P are currently labelled as type (sensu holotype) and two isotypes, with this perception repeated by Saensouk & Saensouk (2021), they have to be considered syntypes. All three syntypes are of good quality, each including leafy shoot and one or two inflorescences. One of the sheets (P00686635) also has several flower buds and one neatly pressed flower in an enclosed envelope, which was most likely used in the preparation of pencil drawing attached to the sheet P032698, and subsequently reproduced in Fig. 10 in Gagnepain (1908). We designate this particular specimen (barcode P00686635) as the lectotype; the remaining two sheets (barcodes P00686634 and P032698) are isolectotypes. Taxonomic notes: — Larsen (1986) stated that G. pierreana is described from Vietnam, whereas Newman et al. (2007) assumed it to be collected in Laos. Saensouk & Saensouk (2021) produced three conflicting statements within a single paper that the type locality is in Laos (as stated in the figure legend on p. 3059), in Thailand, Chantaburi (as stated in species citation on p. 3064) or in Cambodia (as implied in the notes p. 3065). In spite of the previous guesses, the original collection locality of G. pierreana remains unknown as already clearly noted by Gagnepain (1906a) in the protologue: ‘INDO-CHINE.— No 5851 [Pierre] sans désignation de localité, ni date’. In Flore Generale de L’IndoChine, the distribution is given, with no further explanation, as “Cochinchine” (Gagnepain 1908: 102). There are three sheets of Pierre 5851 in P. They all have standard label common to herbarium collections of L. Pierre, with pre-printed locality given as Indochina; however, there is remark on all of them ‘etiquette perdue’ indicating that the original label was lost. The date of the collection is accordingly given as 1865–1877, i.e., the entire 12-year long period when Pierre was based in Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City) as the Director of the Jardin Botanique et Zoologique. It is known that during this period Pierre made many expeditions not only in southern Vietnam, but also in neighbouring Cambodia and even Thailand (former Siam) (Gagnepain 1906b). The numbering of the specimens is of no help to deduce the location or date as it appears that final numbers on Pierre’s standard labels were applied as the collections were sorted/worked through, and these differ from his provisional field numbers. We assume this based on examination of several sheets of collection numbers close to 5851 (i.e. 5848, 5852, 5854), which all belong to Zingiberaceae, but all were collected at different locations and in different years. There is no sheet of Geostachys from Vietnam present in any herbaria we have examined, which would be in good match with the type of G. pierreana. The only specimens which we consider to be in good match with the type is collection by Dy Phon 1157 and collection and photographs made by Netopilová & Faltová s.n., both from Bokor National Park, Cambodia. These two collections match the type and the protologue in all major aspects, such as the shape and indumentum of leaf blades and ligules, short petioles, length and decurvation of the rachis and secund arrangement of the flower-bearing branches, number of flowers in cincinnus, as well as more specific details such as hirsute rachis and flower-bearing branches, shape and size of bracts, spathaceous glabrous bracteoles with mucronate puberulent apices and calyx with a single lobe ending in a sharply mucronate apex. From other labelled collections, it is known that Pierre visited and made collections in the same area (Kampot city and surrounding hills). Thus with all the evidence listed above, the most likely origin of the type of G. pierreana is Cambodia. The above description, although based on the protologue and the three original sheets, is therefore also supplemented with observations from Dy Phon 1157 and Netopilová & Faltová s.n. The indication of G. pierreana by Phạm (2003) as present in Vietnam originated from the uncertainty regarding the type collection, as follows from his reference to Gagnepain. The same is probably true for Nguyễn (2005). Nguyễn (2017) listed several additional Vietnamese collections under G. pierreana whose identifications remained preliminary as they were based solely on the herbarium material that does not show important features of floral structure. For two collections from Ninh BÌnh province, Averyanov et al. HAL 1638 & HAL 1639, photographic material appeared to be available, which allowed to identify them as Wurfbainia sp. (Zingiberaceae) and Tropidia angulosa (Lindl.) Blume (Orchidaceae), respectively. The other collections listed by Nguyễn (2017), all from Lâm Đồng province (Hà Tuḗ 458, Nhan 785, Tṵ 82, Biên 1228), are re-identified here as G. annamensis (see above). Saensouk & Saensouk (2021) have reported G. pierreana as a new record for Thailand, based on a single collection made by Nai Noe 77 (BK, K, P: P00599363) in Chanthaburi province. Although the specimen has been previously annotated as Geostachys cf. pierreana on the sheet deposited in P, it is clearly visible that the inflorescence is erect, with cincinni/flower-bearing branches evenly distributed around the rachis and thus fails to fit G. pierreana, which has decurved inflorescences with secund arrangement of flower-bearing branches. Although determination to the species level with absolute certainty is challenging on the herbarium material, the collection Nai Noe 77 matches well G. tratensis, a species described from a location distanced only about 80 km (air distance) from it. We therefore conclude that there is currently no evidence, that G. pierreana occurs in Thailand., Published as part of Leong-Škorničková, Jana, Bình, Nguyén Qu ốc, Đăng, Tr ần H ữu, Trư ờng, Lưu H ồng & Nuraliev, Maxim S., 2023, A revision of Geostachys (Zingiberaceae: Alpinioideae) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, including a new species, G. aristata, pp. 245-260 in Phytotaxa 585 (4) on pages 254-257, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.585.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7703837, {"references":["Gagnepain, F. (1906 a) Zingiberacees nouvelles de l'herbier du Museum (15 ° note). Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France 53 (2): 132 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00378941.1906.10831155","Olander, S. B. (2019 b) Geostachys pierreana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e. T 117327601 A 124282562. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2019 - 2. RLTS. T 117327601 A 124282562. en.","Saensouk, P. & Saensouk, S. (2021) Taxonomic studies and three new records on genus Geostachys (Baker) Ridl. in Thailand. Biodiversitas 22 (7): 3057 - 3067. https: // doi. org / 10.13057 / biodiv / d 220760","Gagnepain, F. (1908) Zingiberacees. In: Lecomte, H. (Ed.) Flore Generale de l'Indo-Chine, vol. 6. Masson and Co, Paris, pp. 25 - 121.","Larsen, K. (1986) Geostachys angustifolia sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany 6 (1): 31 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1756 - 1051.1986. tb 00857. x","Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstong, K. (2007) A Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Lao PDR. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, 394 pp.","Gagnepain, F. (1906 b) Notice biographique sur J. - B. - Louis Pierre. Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France 53 (1): 54 - 59. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00378941.1906.10831140","Ph am, H. H. (2003) Cay c o Vi et Nam, an illustrated Flora of Vietnam. Vol. 3. Youth Publication, Ho Chi Minh City, 1020 pp. [in Vietnamese]"]}

Geostachys annamensis Ridl. in Baker et al. (1921: 122) (Fig. 1, 2) Lectotype (designated here): —[VIETNAM: Lâm Đồng province]: Dalat, 5000 ft [ca. 1500 m], April & May 1918, C. Boden Kloss s.n. (BM: BM000617532!, flowering). Clump-forming herb up to 1.6 m tall. Rhizome supported by stilt roots, sheathed by dry brown scales. Leafy shoots with 8–16 leaves per pseudostem, bladeless at basal 1/3; bladeless sheaths 4–6, most basal (outermost) sheaths very short, dry and brown, inner sheaths distally gradually longer, finely ribbed, green with dark red tinge and dark red reticulate pattern, pubescent to glabrous (variable between populations); leaf sheaths finely ribbed, green with dark red reticulate pattern and often with red tinge more prominent towards margin, pubescent to glabrous (variable between populations); ligule 3–5 mm long, with round to shallowly bluntly bilobed apex, red to dark red, base glabrous, margin pubescent (glabrescent with age); petiole 1–7 mm long, shallowly canaliculate, green to red, adaxially glabrous or nearly so, abaxially pubescent to glabrous; leaf blade narrowly oblong, 25–45 cm long, 3–5 cm wide, adaxially green to dark green, more or less hirsute to glabrous (rarely), abaxially paler green, rarely with dark reddish shading near margins, densely hirsute to glabrous (rarely), base obtuse, apex prominently acuminate, midrib adaxially sunken, green or red, shortly hirsute to glabrous, abaxially protruding, green or with dull red tinge, hirsute to glabrous. Inflorescence radical, erect; peduncle to 18 cm long, covered by 8–12 sheathing bracts; sheathing bracts distichous, broadly to narrowly ovate, overlapping, basal ones shorter and tightly appressed to the peduncle, distal 4–6 significantly larger and somewhat puffed, richly tinged red, soon becoming brown and papery, adaxially glabrous, abaxially shortly pubescent to glabrous; thyrse lax, many-flowered; rachis 10–18 cm long, green to ochraceous, sometimes with reddish tinge, hirsute, shortly branched; bracts broadly ovate to broadly elliptic with round apex, shallowly bowl-shaped, somewhat crumpled, 4–16 mm long, ca. 5–18 mm wide when flattened, semi-translucent white to white, often with more or less dense pink tinge, glabrous, each subtending cincinnus of 2–5 flowers on 2–5 mm long branch; branches evenly distributed around rachis, of the same colour and indumentum as rachis; bracteoles broadly ovate to broadly elliptic with round apex, shallowly bowl-shaped, somewhat crumpled, 3–15 mm long, 6–17 mm wide when flattened, semitranslucent white, often with more or less dense pink tinge, glabrous. Flower 4–5 cm long, gullet-type; pedicel 2–6 mm long, pale green to cream, often with pink to red tinge, sparsely puberulous; calyx tubular, 8–9 mm long, with dorsal unilateral incision ca. 4–5 mm from apex, apex obscurely 3-lobed, lobes round (very rarely bluntly mucronate) at apex, less than 1 mm long, white with translucent margins, lobes often tinged pink, glabrous; floral tube 18–20 mm long, externally white to pale pink, glabrous; dorsal corolla lobe broadly ovate to nearly round with mucronate apex, ca. 18 mm long (including ca. 2 mm long mucro), ca. 19 mm wide, white or with very slight pink tinge and semi-translucent to translucent margins, glabrous; lateral corolla lobes broadly elliptic-ovate with obtuse apex, ca. 18 mm long, ca. 11 mm wide, white with translucent margins, glabrous; labellum obovate with crenulate obscurely bilobed apex, 28–33 mm long, 25–30 mm wide (40–45 mm wide if inclusive of staminodes), white with dark pink or pink-red spots and larger linear blotches in the central part, but not extending to the wide white margins, adaxially with white glandular hair in the centre, abaxially glabrous; lateral staminodes irregularly obovate, ca. 18 mm long, ca. 14 mm wide, connate to labellum in basal 3/4–4/5, white with dark pink or pink-red spots and blotches extending near to margins; stamen ca. 17 mm long (including crest); filament ca. 7 mm long, 2.5–3 mm wide, dorso-ventrally compressed, white with dark pink to red spots/blotches, with glandular hair; anther 10–12 mm long (including crest); connective yellow-green with red spots/blotches, with short glandular hair; crest 2–3 mm long, semi-circular with irregular lobes and crenulate margin, white to pale yellow with deep pink to red spots/blotches, glabrous; anther thecae 6–8 mm long, dehiscing through the entire length; ovary trilocular with central placentation, obovoid to ellipsoid, 3–4 mm long, 3–3.5 mm in diam., pale green to pale pink, glabrous; epigynous glands two, ca. 2 mm long, enveloping the base of style, ochraceous; style white to pink at base, turning darker pink distally, glabrous at base, sparsely puberulous distally; stigma capitulate, deep pink to red; ostiole transverse, forward-facing, ciliate. Fruit globose to subglobose hesperidium, 10–15 mm in diam. (when slightly immature), pale green, glabrous, with persistent calyx; seeds (immature) ca. 3 mm long, each fully enclosed in white aril (presumably semi-translucent white and juicy upon ripening). Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the occurrence of the species in the Annam protectorate of the former French Indochina. Distribution & IUCN preliminary assessment:— Endemic to Vietnam. Geostachys annamensis is currently assessed as Data Deficient on IUCN Red List (Olander 2019a).The assessment was carried based on only two collections, of which one is a type of G. annamensis, but the second represents G. aristata. Based on more comprehensive data presented here, we therefore suggest re-assessment of this species.The vast majority of collections are known from Lâm Đồng province (Ðà Lạt and vicinity, and also Bảo Lộc area), with two records from Đắk Lắk province and two records (inclusive of one photo-documented sighting) from Khánh Hòa province. GPS locations exist or could be assigned to seven collections, based on which we have calculated EOO as 3,585 km 2, and AOO as 8 km 2. Although exact numbers about various populations are not available, at least some of the populations are known to occur in legally protected areas, i.e., ChƯ Yang Sin National Park and Hòn Bà Nature Reserve. However, majority of the collection records come from the general area around Ðà Lạt which greatly suffered, and continues to suffer, from forest clearing for agriculture use. As this species can only grow in undisturbed primary forest, and there is a steep decline in extent and quality of this habitat, we suggest treating this species as Near Threatened (NT). Ecology & phenology:— Growing in the understorey of evergreen broadleaved montane forests, at elevations of 800–1500 m a.s.l. Flowering from March to July, fruiting from May to August. Additional specimens examined:— VIETNAM. Đắk Lắk province: Ea Kar district, ChƯ Yang Sin National Park, 12.4037868°N 108.4729321°E, 1193 m, 11 July 2018, H.T. Luu, H.Đ. Trǻn, M.T. Đặng, B.T. Lê, Q.D. Đinh & T.T. Nguyễn Tran- 743 (SGN, flowering & early fruiting); L ắk district, Bông Krang municipality, ChƯ Yang Sin National Park, 12°23’49”N 108°20’59”E, elev. 1077 m, 27 May 2019, S.V. Yudina & M.S. Nuraliev YUD 17 (MW: MW0758393, MW0758394, flowering). Khánh Hòa province: Cam Lâm district, Hòn Bà Nature Reserve, 12.0153°N 109.0099°E, 971 m, 18 August 2017, H.Đ. Trǻn, G. Trǻn, T.V. Nguyễn & T.M.H. Nguyễn KH2-107 (SGN, old infructescences). Lâm Đỗng province: Lạc DƯõng district, Suối Vàng, 2 May 1980, N.T. Nhan 785 (HN, flowering); ibidem, 2 May 1980, L.K. Biên 1228 (HN, flowering); ibidem, 3 May 1980, N.V. Tṵ 82 (HN, flowering); Ðam Rông district, Phi Liêng, 11.9976886°N 108.1126386°E, 1000 m, 20 May 2018, H.Ð. Trǻn, H.T. Luu & D. Lê Tran- 610 (SGN, flowering & early fruiting); Dalat [Ðà Lạt], Dua Tria, dense forest, 1450 m, 10 April 1953, M. Schmid VN1644 (P: P00599390, flowering); Dalat [Ðà Lạt], 7 km south of Dalat, Haut Donai, 1400 m, 23 March 1935, E. Poilane 24815 (P: P06136202, flowering); Dalat? [Ðà Lạt], Lò Hung region, forest, 950 m, 27 March 1953, M. Schmid VN1646 (P: P00599389, flowering); [Đà Lạt], Manline, 21 April 1957, P. Tixier 21/4/57 -02 (P: P02203167, flowering); Đức Trọng district, Núi Voi, 6 May 2016, Q.Ð.Nguyễn & H.T. Luu LBA006 (SGN, flowering); Di Linh district, Đinh Trang ThƯỢng, 16 May 1980, Hà Tuḗ 458 (HN, fruiting); Bảo Lâm district, Lộc Bắc municipality, 12 km WNW of Lộc Thắng town, forest, 11°43’30”N 107°42’55”E, elev. 1050 m, 6 April 2013, M.S. Nuraliev, A.N. Kuznetsov, & S.P. Kuznetsova 775 (MW: MW0749958, SING: SING0215785, flowering). Other field records:— VIETNAM. Khánh Hòa province: Cam Lâm district, Hòn Bà Nature Reserve, 12°06’46.3”N 108°58’27.1”E, ca. 900 m, 4 July 2011, J. Leong-Škorničková et al. JLS-3817 (fruiting, photo uploaded to LE: LE01093253). Nomenclatural notes: —Ridley (in Baker et al. 1921) described Geostachys annamensis in a volume dedicated to the collections by C. Boden Kloss. The protologue of this species states the locality as “Dalat, 5,000 ft ” and does not cite any collections. Turner (2000), who dealt with typifications of Zingiberales names published by H.N. Ridley, stated that he could not trace any type material of this species. However, at least one relevant specimen collected by Boden Kloss exists in BM. The original label matches the protologue in all aspects, and the specimen also bears determination slip in Ridley’s hand (van Steenis-Kruseman & van Steenis, 1950) ‘ Geostachys annamensis Ridl.; H.N.Ridley’.Although this sheet may well be the holotype, it cannot be excluded with certainty that more duplicates of this collection, as well as other collections by Boden Kloss from the same location, exist. This sheet is therefore designated here as the lectotype, in line with recommendation by McNeil (2014). Taxonomic notes: —Although the original description is rather brief, Ridley (in Baker et al. 1921) noted that the leaf sheaths are spotted with red (the red reticulation and dark ligule are seen well even in the lectotype specimen), and he also included a note by Boden Kloss that the flowers are white tinged with pink and spotted with crimson. Several recent collections accompanied by photographic documentation made in Bảo Lộc area, Lâm Đồng province (Nuraliev et al. 775) and ChƯ Yang Sin National Park, Đắk Lắk province (Luu et al. Tran-743, Yudina & Nuraliev YUD 17) (air distance approximately 70 km southwest and 50 km north of the type locality, respectively), as well as sighting of fruiting individuals in Hòn Bà Nature Reserve, Khánh Hòa province (Leong-Škorničková et al. JLS-3817; air distance approximately 50 km southeast of the type locality) are consistent with Ridley’s description as well as with the lectotype, making the identity of the species clear (Fig. 2). Nguyễn (2017) listed three additional Vietnamese collections under G. annamensis whose identifications remained preliminary as they were based solely on the herbarium material that does not show important features of floral structure. For two collections from Thừa Thiên Huḗ province, Averyanov et al. HAL 7236 & HAL 7896, photographic material is available, and allows both to be assigned to Amomum Roxburgh (1820: 75), another genus of Zingiberaceae. The third collection, N.Q. Bình 576 from Gia Lai province, cannot be identified with confidence., Published as part of Leong-Škorničková, Jana, Bình, Nguyén Qu ốc, Đăng, Tr ần H ữu, Trư ờng, Lưu H ồng & Nuraliev, Maxim S., 2023, A revision of Geostachys (Zingiberaceae: Alpinioideae) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, including a new species, G. aristata, pp. 245-260 in Phytotaxa 585 (4) on pages 246-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.585.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7703837, {"references":["Baker, E. G., Moore, S., Rendle, A. B., Ridley, H. N. & Wernham, H. F. (1921) On plants from South Annam. The Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam 4 (3): 109 - 160. [https: // thesiamsociety. org / wp-content / uploads / 2020 / 03 / NHBSS _ 004 _ 3 c _ Baker _ OnPlantsFromSouthAn. pdf]","Olander, S. B. (2019 a) Geostachys annamensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e. T 117327020 A 124282492. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2019 - 2. RLTS. T 117327020 A 124282492. en.","Turner, I. M. (2000) The plant taxa of H. N. Ridley, 3. The Zingiberales. Asian Journal of Tropical Biology 4 (1): 1 - 47.","van Steenis-Kruseman, M. J. & van Steenis, C. G. G. J. (1950) Malaysian plant collectors and collections being a cyclopaedia of botanical exploration in Malaysia and a guide to the concerned literature up to the year 1950. In: van Steenis, C. G. G. J. (Ed.) Flora Malesiana, ser. 1, Spermatophyta, vol. 1. Hoordhoff-Kolff, Djakarta, pp. 1 - 639.","Roxburgh, W. (1820) Plants of the coast of Coromandel, Vol. 3. W. Bulmer and Co., London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 467"]}

Mitreola spathulifolia D.Fang & L.S.Zhou in Fang et al. (1995: 33, Fig. 9–12) (Fig. 4) Literature:— Huang (2007: 79), Chen (2011: 761). Type: — CHINA. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: Mashan, Guling, in cavern of limestone hill, 310–330 m, 07 June 1994, Fang D., Zhou L. S ., Xie Z. M. 3146 (lectotype, designated here: GXMI: GXMI050420 photo!; isolectotypes: GXMI: GXMI050418 photo!, GXMI050419 photo!, GXMI050421 photo!; GXNM). Images of lectotype and isolectotypes available at https://www.cvh.ac.cn/spms/detail.php?id=09174c08 https://www.cvh.ac.cn/spms/detail.php?id=09174aeb https://www.cvh.ac.cn/spms/detail.php?id=09174b79 https://www.cvh.ac.cn/spms/detail.php?id=09174c92 Nomenclatural notes: —In the original description of Mitreola spathulifolia, Fang et al. (1995) indicated the duplicate of the collection Fang et al. 3146 at GXMI as a holotype, and its duplicate at GXNM as an isotype. However, we have found four duplicates of Fang et al. 3146 in GXMI matching the detailed description and specimen label information included in the protologue. These duplicates should be treated as syntypes in accordance with Art. 9.6 of ICN (Turland et al. 2018). We selected the specimen with the barcode GXMI 050420 as the lectotype following Arts. 9.3 and 9.11 of ICN (Turland et al. 2018) as it represents best the species, having an intact well-developed stem and numerous inflorescences. The other specimens at GXMI (GXMI 050418, GXMI 050419, GXMI 050421), as well as the one at GXNM (not seen), are isolectotypes. Of them, the specimen GXMI 050418 has been labeled in shed. as a “ holotypus ” during or after preparation of the protologue; the plant in this specimen has only the distal portion of the stem., Published as part of Nuraliev, Maxim S., Lyskov, Dmitry F., Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. & Fu, Long-Fei, 2023, Novelties in Asian Mitreola (Loganiaceae): M. capitata, a new species from Vietnam, and lectotypification of M. spathulifolia, pp. 39-47 in Phytotaxa 585 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.585.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7672924, {"references":["Fang, D., Qin, D. H., Zhou, L. S. & Lu, X. H. (1995) Four new species of Mitreola Linn. (Loganiaceae) from Guangxi. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany 3 (3): 30 - 35. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.3969 / j. issn. 1005 - 3395.1995.3.004","Huang, S. X. (Ed.) (2007) Plants endemic to Guangxi province. Vol. 1. Guangxi Science & Technology Publishing House, Nanning, 160 pp. [in Chinese]","Chen, X. X. (2011) Loganiaceae. In: Guangxi Inst. of Botany (Org.) Flora of Guangxi. Vol. 3. Guangxi Science and Technology Press, Nanning, pp. 756 - 772. [In Chinese]","Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W. - H., Li, D. - Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (Eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. [Regnum Vegetabile 159]. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

Mitreola capitata Nuraliev (Fig. 1–3) Diagnosis: — Mitreola capitata is unique among the species of the genus Mitreola in having the following combination of characters: short stem with rosulate leaves, hairs on leaves and peduncle and a capitate inflorescence with a long peduncle. It is most close to M. spathulifolia, differing in leaves 5.9–12 cm long, a dense capitate inflorescence 0.8–2.3 cm in diameter when flattened, pedicel ca. 0.5 mm long, hairy calyx, and capsule 2 mm long and 2–2.5 mm wide. Type: — VIETNAM. Quang Binh Province: Bo Trach District, Tan Trach commune, Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, limestone rock, 17°24’41’’N 106°13’59’’E, elev. 650 m, 30 March 2022, Nuraliev M. S ., Lyskov D. F., Dac L. X., Ha L. M., Thang D. Q. NUR 3614 (holotype: MW: MW0595774; isotype: MW: MW0595775). Description:—Herb lithophytic, perennial. Stem rhizome-like, ascending to vertical, to 4 cm long, ca. 5 mm in diameter (in old plants), branched in old plants, pubescent with dense spreading white hairs ca. 0.3 mm long when young; internodes usually vanishingly short, in young shoots up to ca. 4 mm long, rarely up to 12 mm long especially in lateral branches; plant with tap root up to ca. 1.5 mm in diameter at base, at basal portion of stem (with leaves withered) sometimes with thin adventitious roots ca. 0.4 mm in diameter. Stipules interpetiolar, flange-like to scalelike, in latter case broadly triangular to ovate, up to ca. 1 mm long and 2 mm wide, glabrous; nodes in axils of stipules and leaves bearing numerous narrowly clavate gland-like papillae (colleters) ca. 0.5–1 mm long with blackish apices. Leaves rosulate, opposite, equal in each pair, sessile; leaves persistent in several distal nodes of each shoot. Leaf blade chartaceous in sicco, obovate (to broadly oblanceolate), adaxially dark green with a distinct whitish green midvein in vivo, abaxially pale green in vivo, both sides brownish green in sicco, larger blades on each shoot (5.9)7.0–11.0(12.0) cm long and (2.6)2.9–4.4(5.2) cm wide, (1.6)1.8–3.7 times as long as wide; base cuneate to nearly attenuate; apex very broadly acute to obtuse or almost rounded; margin entire, ciliate with white hairs up to 0.5 mm long; both surfaces pubescent with dense erect white hairs ca. 0.5 mm long; midvein ca. 0.8–1 mm wide at base, gradually becoming thinner towards apex; secondary veins pinnately arranged, 6–7(8) on each side of midvein, ascending; midvein and secondary veins adaxially slightly impressed, abaxially prominently raised; tertiary veins conspicuous on both sides. Inflorescences evidently terminal, possibly also in axils of upper leaves; peduncle erect, green, 8.5–19.5 cm long, covered with dense spreading white hairs 0.5 mm long. Inflorescence an umbel-like thyrsoid with several cymes (cymes mostly dichasial proximally and monochasial distally), or umbel of such thyrsoids, dense, capitate (head-like), ca. 1.0–2.0 cm in diameter (0.8–2.3 cm when flattened), with numerous congested flowers; all axes similar to peduncle but thinner and with shorter hairs. Bracts appressed to axes, narrowly triangular, green, basal ones (1.5)2.0–2.5(3.0) mm long and 0.4–1.0 mm wide at base, distal ones gradually becoming smaller, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sparsely to densely hairy, with acute apex and slightly serrate margin; small hairy colleters usually present near bract bases. Flower actinomorphic, 5-merous (except for gynoecium). Pedicel ca. 0.5 mm long (rarely flower sessile), with spreading white hairs. Calyx cupuliform-campanulate, 1.5–1.8 mm long, externally (abaxially) covered with sparse spreading white hairs, internally (adaxially) glabrous; tube green, 0.6–0.7 mm long; lobes triangular, green with greenish white margins and apex, 0.7–1.2 mm long, 0.9–1.2 mm wide at base, with acute apex and minutely ciliate margin. Corolla urceolate, white, somewhat translucent in proximal half, ca. 2.8–3.2 mm long and ca. 3.5 mm in diameter when fully open; tube 2.0– 2.5 mm long, 2.0 mm in diameter; lobes horizontally spreading and somewhat curved outwards, imbricate in bud, broadly triangular, 1.0– 1.1 mm long, 0.7–0.9 mm wide at base, with obtuse apex and entire margin; corolla inside with a circular thickening at level of lobe bases bearing a horizontal row of uniseriate multicellular trichomes 0.6 mm long; trichomes pointing at ca. 45° upwards, forming a conical structure and completely obstructing the orifice of the corolla tube; corolla otherwise glabrous. Stamens included in corolla tube, glabrous; filaments inserted at middle of corolla tube, slender and slightly narrowing towards apex, white, ca. 0.4 mm long, pointing at ca. 45° upwards; anthers dorsifixed, ovate, pale yellow, 0.2 mm long, arranged at level of stigmas, introrse. Gynoecium green, glabrous; ovary superior, 2-locular with axile placentation, broadly conical, 0.2 mm long, 0.7–0.8 mm in diameter at base, each locule bearing about 20 ovules; styles 2, tightly connivent with each other into a common style; common style included in corolla tube, very narrowly conical, ca. 0.8 mm long; common stigma capitulate. Fruit (capsule) 2 mm long, 2–2.5 mm wide, glabrous, laterally slightly compressed, bilobed at distal 1/2, lobes divergent, dehiscent along ventral sutures of lobes, bearing persistent calyx ca. 1 mm long (when withered). Seeds several per fruit, black, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter. Etymology: —The specific epithet “ capitata ” refers to head-like inflorescences which distinguish the new species from all its congeners. Phenology: —On 30 March 2022, the plants were in full flower, and also bore completely withered fruiting inflorescences (with dehisced capsules) of the previous season. Distribution and ecology: —The new species is currently known from a single location in Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Vietnam. The species inhabits a prominent outcrop of limestone karst at elevation of 650 m a.s.l., where it occurs in crevices and on vertical walls. Several dozens of individuals were observed. Mitreola capitata is associated with the dominant tree species Calocedrus rupestris Aver., T.H.Nguyên & L.K.Phan (Cupressaceae) and the herbs including Selaginella sp. (Selaginellaceae), Amorphophallus glossophyllus Hett. (Araceae), Ophiopogon sp. (Asparagaceae), Polygala umbonata Craib (Polygalaceae), Elatostema spp. (Urticaceae), Begonia sp. (Begoniaceae), Strobilanthes sp. (Acanthaceae) and various ferns. Taxonomic relationships: — Mitreola capitata is readily distinguishable from most of its congeners by short stem with rosulate leaves, presence of indumentum (especially the hairs on leaves and peduncle) and compact longpedunculate inflorescence. Among the previously described species of Mitreola, this combination of features is only found in M. spathulifolia endemic to Daxin and Mashan counties of Guangxi, China. Apart from the habit, the two species share confinement to limestone cliffs. The air distance between the type location of M. capitata and the nearest reported population of M. spathulifolia (its paratype from Daxin: Fang, Zeng 195) is about 590 km. The main morphological differences between M. capitata and M. spathulifolia are summarized in Table 1. Most important of them are the leaf length (5.9–12 cm vs. 7–28 cm), size and appearance of inflorescence (0.8–2.3 cm in diameter when flattened, dense and capitate vs. 2–5 cm in diameter when flattened, quite lax), pedicel length (ca. 0.5 mm vs. 1–2 mm), calyx indumentum (hairy vs. glabrous) and capsule size (2 mm long, 2–2.5 mm wide vs. 3 mm long, 5 mm wide). The inflorescence appearance, although not described in the protologue of M. spathulifolia, seems to be especially useful for field recognition of this species against M. capitata: the lax inflorescences are evident from the photos provided by Huang (2007) and presented in this study (Fig. 4B)., Published as part of Nuraliev, Maxim S., Lyskov, Dmitry F., Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. & Fu, Long-Fei, 2023, Novelties in Asian Mitreola (Loganiaceae): M. capitata, a new species from Vietnam, and lectotypification of M. spathulifolia, pp. 39-47 in Phytotaxa 585 (1) on pages 40-44, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.585.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7672924, {"references":["Huang, S. X. (Ed.) (2007) Plants endemic to Guangxi province. Vol. 1. Guangxi Science & Technology Publishing House, Nanning, 160 pp. [in Chinese]"]}

The paper summarizes the knowledge on three Vietnamese species of Ericaceae. Craibiodendron yunnanense is newly documented for the flora of Vietnam. The presence of Lyonia villosa in the country is confirmed by specimen citation. We publish a new combination, Vaccinium glaucorubrum, to accommodate the taxon earlier known as Vaccinium gaultheriifolium var. glaucorubrum at species rank. We provide a detailed morphological description of V. glaucorubrum and revise the geographical distribution of this species. We review type material of V. glaucorubrum and designate the specimen at KUN (1208884) as a lectotype. We illustrate all three species with analytical photographs of the plants in the living state.

We summarize the knowledge on taxonomy and distribution of the genus Parnassia in Vietnam. Two species of the genus are found in Vietnam. We report additional records of P. wightiana, which appears to inhabit the provinces Ha Giang and Yen Bai. We provide detailed morphological description of the Vietnamese populations of this species, and discuss their deviation from the known variation range of P. wightiana. We report for the first time the second species of Parnassia from Vietnam, and provisionally identify it as P. procul. Our discovery of this species in Lam Dong Province in southern Vietnam is the first record of the genus outside the northern highlands within the country. We illustrate both Vietnamese species of Parnassia with analytical photographs, and show their distribution on a map. Additionally, we present an updated checklist of the family Celastraceae in Vietnam, which reflects the most recent views on taxonomic boundaries of the family and its genera, and includes discoveries of the last years as well as some earlier reports absent in the previous works. In total, 17 genera and 93 species are accepted in the checklist.

Parahellenia trongduyii Juan Chen, V.C.Nguyen, K.S.Nguyen & N.H.Xia, sp. nov. Diagnosis:—It is similar to P. tonkinensis, but differs in unbranched or barely branched (vs. densely branched) stems, narrowly triangularlanceolate (vs. broadly triangular) and glabrous (vs. densely pubescent) axillary buds, softly mucronate (vs. pungent, making a finger bleeding if touched) bract apex, yellow to whitish yellow labellum with longitudinal orange to red lines at center (vs. yellow labellum with longitudinal red lines at center), anther crest 9‒12 mm (vs. 3‒5 mm) long and slightly bilobed (vs. deeply bilobed) dorsal appendage of stigma. Type:— Collected from the material cultivated at V. C. Nguyen’s private garden on 25 August 2021, V. C. Nguyen & V. K. Nguyen CD 01 (holotype HN; isotypes HN, IBSC). Originally collected by T. D. Nguyen in July 2019 from Vietnam, Dak Lak Province, Krong Bong District, Chu Yang Sin National Park, Yang Mao Commune, along banks of small streams at elevations of 700‒900 m a.s.l. (Figs. 1‒3). Terrestrial evergreen perennial herb. Rhizome plagiotropic, tuberous, 2‒4 cm in diam., brown externally, white internally, glabrous. Leafy shoot 75‒140(‒250) cm tall, up to 3 cm in diam. at base. Stem more or less straight, erect to suberect, unbranched or barely branched at higher nodes. Axillary bud 1 at each node, narrowly triangular-lanceolate, 12‒15 × 5‒6 mm, green with red tip, glabrous. Bladeless sheaths closed, reddish brown, membranous, caducous, glabrous. Leaves 10‒20, consistently clustered toward the shoot apex; sheaths closed, pale green when young, later becoming reddish brown, glabrous; ligule 1.8‒2.5 mm long, glabrous, upper margin minutely fimbriate; petiole 0.9‒2.2 cm long, 0.8‒1 cm in diam., adaxially grooved, yellowish green, reddish brown at base, glabrous; blades 20‒35 × 5‒8 cm, the lowest ones obovate to oblanceolate, the upper ones oblanceolate to elliptic, base narrowly attenuate, apex acuminate, adaxial surface deep green, abaxial surface pale green, glabrous on both sides, midvein slight sunken adaxially and conspicuously raised abaxially. Inflorescence arising directly from the rhizome, 20‒25 cm long (including peduncle and bracts only), lax; peduncle horizontal to ascending, terete, 4‒6 cm long, 1.4‒1.6 cm in diam., bearing 4‒6 sheaths, sheaths tubular, coriaceous, reddish brown, glabrous; spike 16‒20 × 6‒9 cm, narrowly ellipsoid or nearly cylindrical; secondary peduncle very short, glabrous; bracts 4‒5 × 2‒2.5 cm, the lowest bracts broadly elliptic, the upper ones elliptic, cucullate, apex softly mucronate (not pungent), coriaceous, pale brown to reddish brown, glabrous, each subtending 1 flower with 1 bracteole; bracteoles 2.5‒2.8 × 0.7‒0.9 cm, narrowly lanceolate, apex acuminate to spiny (but not pungent), coriaceous, pale brown to reddish brown, glabrous. Flowers 8.5‒10 cm long; calyx 3.2‒4 cm long, coriaceous, pale green when young, becoming reddish brown when old, glabrous, tube 2.5‒3.3 cm long, 7‒9 mm in diam., lobes 3, 0.7‒1 × 0.6‒0.7 cm, broadly ovate, slightly involute, apex softly mucronate, pale green with reddish brown apex when young, becoming reddish brown when old; floral tube (from apex of ovary to base of divergence of corolla lobes) 2.2‒2.5 cm long, 0.3‒0.5 cm in diam., fused with style in basal 1.6 cm, white, glabrous externally; corolla lobes 4.3‒5 × 1.9‒2.2 cm, obovate, white, glabrous; staminal tube (from the point of divergence of corolla lobes to base of divergence of labellum and stamen) 1.4‒1.7 cm long, yellow, with dense yellow hairs internally, pubescent externally; labellum 6.5‒7.5 × 5.5‒6.5 cm, flabellate after full expansion, yellow to whitish yellow with longitudinal orange to red lines at center, covered with glutinous papillae at center and base, margin rugose and pubescent; stamen 3.2‒3.6 cm long (when crest flattened), 0.6‒1 cm wide, petaloid, oblong, yellow, adaxially concave, glabrous, abaxially slightly convex and thickened, with sparse long glandular hair; anther crest 0.9‒1.2 cm long, 5.5‒6.2 mm wide, oblong, strongly recurved to revolute on abaxial side, yellow with longitudinal red lines at adaxial side, broadly acute to obtuse at apex, margin pubescent; thecae 0.9‒1 cm long, 1.8‒2.4 mm wide in the middle, slightly broadening towards ends. Ovary inferior, 1.1‒1.4 cm long, 5‒6 mm in diam., glabrous, trilocular with axile placentation and apically embedded beige-coloured gynopleural nectaries, each locule with numerous ovules; style 4.5‒4.8 cm long (free part), glabrous; stigma 1.7‒1.8 mm long, 2.8‒3.3 mm wide, semi-circular, flattened, 2-lobed, lobes overlapping, white, margin ciliate, dorsal appendage slightly bilobed, white. Infructescence of almost the same size as inflorescence, often continuously formed (with fruits at base when flowers still anthetic at apex), with persistent bracts and bracteoles. Fruits 1.8‒2.2 cm long, 1.1‒1.2 cm in diam., nearly ellipsoid, reddish brown, glabrous, with persistent calyces. Seeds 3‒4 × 2‒2.3 mm, irregularly barrel-shaped, black, aril basal and not enclosing the seed, white. Phenology:—Flowering from June to August; fruiting from July and likely continuing till October. Etymology:—The specific epithet is named after Mr. Nguyen Trong Duy, who collected the living material of the species in its type locality. Suggested common names:—Mía dò Trọng Duy (Vietnamese), Øṃṁƛąae (duō lè dì wō sŭn huā) (Chinese). Distribution, habitat and conservation:—This species is currently known from Chu Yang Sin National Park in Dak Lak Province and Thach Nham protected forest in Kon Tum Province in Vietnam. Parahellenia trongduyii grows in shady, moist places along small streams, in evergreen broad-leaved forests at elevations of 700–900 m a.s.l. We observed five clumps of the species in Chu Yang Sin National Park, a protected area where agricultural activities and exploitation of non-timber forest products are prohibited. Due to lack of information on the distribution (extent of occurrence (EOO) or areas of occupancy (AOO)) and population size of P. trongduyii, its conservation status is assessed here as Data Deficient (DD), following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012). Notes:—As elaborated in the diagnosis, Parahellenia trongduyii closely resembles P. tonkinensis but is readily distinguished from it in the field even by vegetative characters, e.g., barely branched leafy shoots and narrowly triangular-lanceolate glabrous buds. Parahellenia trongduyii is also similar to P. candida, but differs in reddish brown (vs. brown) and glabrous (vs. densely puberulent) bladeless sheaths, glabrous (vs. puberulous) abaxial side of leaf blade, softly (vs. sharply) mucronate bract apex and yellow (vs. white) flowers. A detailed comparison is provided in Table 1. Additional specimen examined (paratype):— VIETNAM. Kon Tum Province: Kon Plong District, Thach Nham protected forest, 17 km N of Mang Den Town, near river, 14°45’26’’N 108°18’35’’E, 900 m, 8 June 2016, M. S. Nuraliev 1673 (MW: MW0753815) (Fig. 4)., Published as part of Chen, Juan, Nguyen, Van Canh, Nguyen, Van Khuong, Nguyen, Khang Sinh, Nuraliev, Maxim S. & Xia, Nianhe, 2023, Taxonomic studies on Parahellenia (Costaceae) in Vietnam: a new species, P. trongduyii, and a new combination, P. candida, pp. 72-80 in Phytotaxa 583 (1) on pages 73-79, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.583.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7609199, {"references":["IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3. 1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, 32 pp."]}

Key to the species of Parahellenia in Vietnam 1. Leaf blade puberulent abaxially; labellum cream white...................................................................................................... P. candida - Leaf blade glabrous; labellum yellow with longitudinal orange to red markings at center...............................................................2 2. Plants unbranched or barely branched; bract apex with a soft mucro............................................................................. P. trongduyii - Plants densely branched; bract apex with a sharp mucro............................................................................................... P. tonkinensis, Published as part of Chen, Juan, Nguyen, Van Canh, Nguyen, Van Khuong, Nguyen, Khang Sinh, Nuraliev, Maxim S. & Xia, Nianhe, 2023, Taxonomic studies on Parahellenia (Costaceae) in Vietnam: a new species, P. trongduyii, and a new combination, P. candida, pp. 72-80 in Phytotaxa 583 (1) on page 79, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.583.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7609199

Parahellenia candida (Škorničk., Böhmová & H.Ð.Trẫn) N.H.Xia & Juan Chen, comb. nov. Basionym:— Cheilocostus candidus Leong-Škorničková, Böhmová & Trẫn (2022: 105). Type:— VIETNAM. Lam Dong Province (cultivated in the Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore), collected from cultivation on 21 September 2021, Leong-Škorničková GRC-421 (holotype SING; isotypes E, P, SGN). Phenology:—Flowering in the natural habitat was observed in June; in cultivation, it extends to October; fruiting unknown. Distribution, habitat and conservation:—Endemic to Vietnam, occurring near rocky streams in lowland broadleaved evergreen forest, at elevations about 200– 300 m. According to Leong-Škorničková et al. (2022), there is no reliable information on the population sizes or distribution of this species. It was therefore treated as Data Deficient (IUCN 2012). Notes:— Parahellenia candida is characterized by unbranched or barely branched stems, radical inflorescence, long and narrow floral tube fused with the style base more than halfway (assessed from Fig. 2 in Leong-Škorničková et al. 2022) and bilamellate stigma. With these features, this species fits well the concept of the genus Parahellenia. Parahellenia candida is very similar to P. tonkinensis in producing the inflorescence radically, obovate to elliptic leaf blades and bract apex with a sharp mucro, but can be distinguished easily from the latter by its unbranched or barely branched leafy shoots, densely puberulent leaf sheaths, densely puberulous abaxial side of leaf blade and white flowers (Leong-Škorničková et al. 2022)., Published as part of Chen, Juan, Nguyen, Van Canh, Nguyen, Van Khuong, Nguyen, Khang Sinh, Nuraliev, Maxim S. & Xia, Nianhe, 2023, Taxonomic studies on Parahellenia (Costaceae) in Vietnam: a new species, P. trongduyii, and a new combination, P. candida, pp. 72-80 in Phytotaxa 583 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.583.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7609199, {"references":["Leong-Skornickova, J., Bohmova, A. & Tr an, H. D. (2022) A new species and new combination in basally flowering Vietnam Costaceae. PhytoKeys 190: 103 - 111. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / phytokeys. 190.76494","IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3. 1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, 32 pp."]}

A synopsis of the genus Chionanthus is presented for Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Thirteen species, including four species endemic to the area, are recognized. Amongst them, twelve species, including two endemic species, are found in Vietnam, and nine and five species are recorded in Laos and Cambodia, respectively. Several species are reported as new records for Laos and Vietnam. Chionanthus verticillatus is reduced to a synonym of C. robinsonii. Lectotypes are designated for eight names currently treated within the genus Chionanthus. The type, synonyms, citations of relevant regional taxonomic publications, brief taxonomic notes, data on ecology, phenology and distribution and a list of all available specimens from the studied area are provided for each taxon. A key for identification of the species of Chionanthus in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam is also presented.

Ceriscoides glabra B.H.Quang, N.T.Cuong, T.D.Binh & Nuraliev, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–3) Type: — VIETNAM. Gia Lai Province: K’Bang District, Son Lang Municipality, Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve, primary broad-leaved forest, headwaters of Con river, right bank of Sai river above K50 waterfall (Hang En waterfall), 14°31′12.3″N, 108°36′19.4″E, 866 m a.s.l., 25 July 2017, B. H. Quang, T. D. Binh, D. T. Hoan, D. V. Hai, K. S. Nguyen, D. H. Son KCR 46 [fl. & fr.] (holotype HN!; isotypes HN!, the herbarium of Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve!). Additional specimen examined (paratype): — VIETNAM. The same location as in type, 06 September 2018, B. H. Quang, T. D. Binh KCR II 58 [fr.] (HN!, mounted on 5 sheets). Etymology: —The specific epithet “glabra” refers to the remarkable entirely glabrous habit which distinguishes the new species from most of its congeners. Diagnosis: —The new species differs from all the other species of Ceriscoides by the following combination of morphological characters: leaves glabrous, leaf blade mostly less than 6.5 cm long and less than 4 cm wide, with 3–4 pairs of secondary veins and without domatia, calyx (seen only in female flowers) glabrous with lobes more than 9 mm long, and corolla lobes (seen only in female flowers) more than 10 mm long and distinctly longer than wide. Description:—Shrub or small tree, ca. 2 m tall, entirely glabrous (except for hair band within corolla tube). Branches terete, armed with paired thorns (modified short shoots produced in leaf axils of long shoots); thorns straight, stout, 1–3(3.5) cm long. Thorns commonly bearing tiny scale-like leaves and 1–2 lateral brachyblasts; brachyblasts with 2 (to several) foliage leaves and/or inflorescence. Brachyblasts (both vegetative and inflorescence-bearing) also produced in leaf axils of long shoots. Accessory shoots/buds rarely formed. Stipules interpetiolar, broadly triangular, ca. 3 mm long, with long attenuate (to nearly aristate) apex. Leaves opposite (decussate); petiole 1–6 mm long; blade dark green adaxially and pale green abaxially, chartaceous or subcoriaceous in sicco, ovate to elliptic or broadly lanceolate, (2)2.5–6.5(8.5) cm long, (0.8)1–3(4?) cm wide (leaves of brachyblasts somewhat smaller than those of long shoots), (1.8)2.0–2.7(3.2) times as long as wide, base narrowly to broadly cuneate (and sometimes decurrent), margins entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 3–4 pairs, subopposite, domatia absent in vein axils abaxially, midvein and secondary veins more or less flat on both sides, tertiary veins inconspicuous. Inflorescence (with female flowers) apparently terminal on brachyblast (brachyblast borne on thorn or on long shoot), 1-flowered. Male flowers not seen. Female flowers actinomorphic, 5(6)-merous (except for gynoecium), ca. 3 cm long. Pedicel 2–3 mm long. Calyx light to dark green; tube narrowly campanulate, 2–4 mm long, ca. 2–3 mm in diameter at apex; lobes slightly unequal, elliptic to broadly elliptic or nearly rhomboid, ca. 10–15 mm long, 4–9 mm wide, 3-veined from base, base cuneate (lobes narrowly clawed), margin entire, apex acute. Corolla pale yellow; tube narrowly cylindrical-campanulate (gradually widening towards apex), ca. 15–18 mm long, ca. 3–4 mm in diameter at middle, inside with band of white hairs below middle; lobes widely spreading (rotate) to curved backwards, oblong to lanceolate, ca. 15 mm long, ca. 8 mm wide, margin entire, apex acute; petal aestivation contort, with lobes overlapping to the left in bud (also evident in anthetic flower). Stamens (apparently non-functional) inserted in distal part of corolla tube; anthers included in corolla tube, subsessile, dorsifixed, linear, ca. 5–6 mm long, 0.5 mm wide. Ovary inferior, light green outside, ovoid to ellipsoid, 10–12 mm long, 5–6 mm in diameter; style greenish white, columnar, gradually becoming thicker towards apex, ca. 17 mm long (together with stigma), surrounded at base with conspicuous yellow ring-shaped disk; stigma included in corolla tube (occupying level of anthers), green, fusiform, thicker than style, trigonal and apically shortly 3-lobed, ca. 5 mm long, ca. 2 mm in diameter. Fruit a berry (possibly, not fully mature fruits seen), pendant, fleshy, green, ellipsoid to ovoid, somewhat oblique, up to 8 cm long, up to 2.8 cm in diameter, crowned by persistent calyx, many-seeded; seeds lenticular, obliquely ovate in outline, 5–7 mm long, 3–4 mm wide. Vernacular name (suggested here): —Găng nhẵn. Phenology: —Flowering in July, fruiting from July to September. Distribution: —The new species is currently known from a single location in Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve, Vietnam. Notes:— 1. Generic placement. Generic delimitation of the tribe Gardenieae is known to be highly complicated, and the taxonomic history of this tribe included numerous rearrangements (Robbrecht & Puff 1986, Reza Azmi 2003, Mouly et al. 2014). Accordingly, identification of a specimen to the generic level is often far from being straightforward in this tribe. This is especially true for the thorn-bearing (“armed”) taxa, because species of similar habit are found not only in different genera of Gardenieae, but even in some other tribes of Rubiaceae (Puff & Chamchumroon 2003). We assign the species described here to Ceriscoides on the basis of several morphological peculiarities that rather unambiguously point to this genus: thorns bearing brachyblasts, 1-flowered female inflorescence, unequal calyx lobes, pale yellow corolla, and anthers and stigma included in corolla tube. Our identification is consistent with the generic keys provided by Puff & Chamchumroon (2003), Gardner et al. (2007, 2018) and Puff et al. (2021) for Thai Rubiaceae. In addition, the new species apparently does not demonstrate secondary pollen presentation, similarly to all the currently known species of Ceriscoides and unlike numerous other genera of Gardenieae (Puff et al. 1996; also, this character is coded as uncertain for Ceriscoides by Robbrecht & Puff 1986). We describe the flowers of the new species as unisexual, which is a common character for Ceriscoides (although we have not evaluated the presence or absence of pollen in the anthers of the studied specimen). Interestingly, the unisexual flowers do not necessarily lead to the absence of the secondary pollen presentation in Rubiaceae, as a number of corresponding examples exist (Puff et al. 1996). 2. Comparison with other species of Ceriscoides. Ceriscoides glabra is readily distinguishable from all its congeners by the following combination of morphological characters: leaves glabrous, leaf blade mostly less than 6.5 cm long and less than 4 cm wide, with 3–4 pairs of secondary veins and without domatia, calyx (seen only in female flowers) glabrous with lobes more than 9 mm long, and corolla lobes (seen only in female flowers) more than 10 mm long and distinctly longer than wide. Comparison of the floral features of C. glabra with those of the other species of Ceriscoides appeared problematic in some cases, because for some of the species only male flowers are known. However, in this genus, the floral indumentum, the colour of corolla and the shape of corolla lobes are similar in flowers of different sexual morphs within a species, and size of corolla does not differ more than twice (see Reza Azmi 2003). Therefore, certain rough discrimination is possible even if only the flowers of the opposite morphs are available for a species pair. The new species is most similar to the Philippine endemic C. curranii (Merrill 1918: 363) Tirvengadum (1983: 456), which is especially evident from the key provided by Reza Azmi (2003). According to Reza Azmi (2003), C. curranii is very close to the widespread C. turgida, the only species hitherto known in Vietnam. Detailed morphological comparison among these three species is provided in Table 1., Published as part of Binh, Tran Duc, Quang, Bui Hong, Cuong, Nguyen The, Quynh, Ha Quy, Hoan, Duong Thi, Hai, Do Van, Nguyen, Khang Sinh & Nuraliev, Maxim S., 2022, Ceriscoides glabra (Gardenieae: Rubiaceae), a new species from Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve, southern Vietnam, pp. 158-164 in Phytotaxa 574 (2) on pages 159-163, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.574.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7380855, {"references":["Robbrecht, E. & Puff, C. (1986) A survey of the Gardenieae and related tribes (Rubiaceae). Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 108: 63 - 137.","Reza Azmi (2003) A taxonomic revision of Ceriscoides (Rubiaceae: Gardenieae). Harvard Papers in Botany 7 (2): 443 - 464.","Mouly, A., Kainulainen, K., Persson, C., Davis, A. P., Wong, K. M., Razafimandimbison, S. G. & Bremer, B. (2014) Phylogenetic structure and clade circumscriptions in the Gardenieae complex (Rubiaceae). Taxon 63 (4): 801 - 818. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / 634.4","Puff, C. & Chamchumroon, V. (2003) Thai Rubiaceae with hooks and thorns. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 31: 65 - 74.","Gardner, S., Sidisunthorn, P. & Anusarnsunthorn, V. (2007) A field guide to forest trees of Northern Thailand. Kobfai Publishing Project, Bangkok, 560 pp.","Gardner, S., Sidisunthorn, P. & Chayamarit, K. (2018) Forest trees of Southern Thailand (Vol. 3). Kobfai Publishing Project, Bangkok, 880 pp.","Puff, C., Chayamarit, K., Chamchumroon, V. & Esser, H. - J. (2021) Rubiaceae part 1 (Genera 1 - 45). In: Chayamarit, K. & Balslev, H. (Eds.) Flora of Thailand, vol. 15, pt. 1. Prachachon Co. Ltd., Bangkok, pp. 1 - 235.","Puff, C., Robbrecht, E., Buchner, R. & De Block, P. (1996) A survey of secondary pollen presentation in the Rubiaceae. Opera Botanica Belgica 7: 369 - 402.","Merrill, E. D. (1918) Species Blancoanae: a critical revision of the Philippine species of plants described by Blanco and by Ilanos. Bureau of Printing, Manila, 423 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2116","Tirvengadum, D. D. (1983) New taxa and name changes in tropical Asiatic Rubiaceae. Nordic Journal of Botany 3 (4): 455 - 469. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1756 - 1051.1983. tb 01453. x"]}

Leptomischus multiflorus Nuraliev, K.S.Nguyen & L.Wu, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–3) Diagnosis: —The new species differs from all its congeners by the following combination of morphological features: leaf blades up to 23 cm long with up to 25 pairs of secondary veins, many-flowered inflorescences (with up to 32 flowers), and corolla tube less than 10 mm long and hairy outside. It is morphologically closest to L. anisophyllus T.P.Anh, B.H. Quang, Nuraliev & L.Wu in Tran et al. (2021a: 199), differing in weakly anisophyllous (to nearly isophyllous) leaves, many-flowered inflorescences, shorter calyx lobes (ca. 2–2.5 mm long, about 1/3 length of corolla tube), shorter corolla tube (ca. 7–8 mm long), presence of horn-like corolla appendages, shorter anthers (ca. 1–1.3 mm long), style hairy in distal half, pin flowers with filaments adnate at middle of corolla tube and with shorter stigma lobes (ca. 1 mm long), and thrum flowers with shorter style (ca. 2.5–3 mm long). Contrasting features for L. anisophyllus are listed in Table 1. Type: — VIETNAM. Quang Nam Province: Tay Giang District, A Xan Municipality, Lang Po Mu homestay area, forest, in ravine near small stream, 15°49’03’’N 107°19’24’’E, elev. 1450 m, 20 March 2022, Nuraliev M. S ., Lyskov D. F. NUR 3486 (holotype: MW: MW0595776; isotypes: MW: MW0595777, MW0595778). Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — VIETNAM. Quang Nam Province: Tay Giang District, A Xan Municipality, Lang Po Mu homestay area, primary evergreen mixed forest with Fokienia hodginsii, common along stream bank, around point 15°48’18’’N 107°19’52’’E, elev. 1300 m, 19 April 2022, Pham T . K. T., Nguyen C. H., Nguyen K. S., Cao H. X. CKH 2022041911 (HN; VNF); same location, around point 15°48’58’’N 107°19’46’’E, elev. 1275 m, 20 April 2022, Pham T . K. T., Nguyen C. H., Nguyen K. S., Cao H.X. CKH 2022042072 (HN; VNF). Etymology: —The specific epithet “ multiflorus ” means “many-flowered” and refers to the large number of flowers per inflorescence which distinguishes the new species from most of its congeners. Description:—Herb perennial, terrestrial, ca. 10–30 cm high, with plagiotropic hypogeous rhizome; plant almost entirely covered with white spreading hairs. Raphides present (visible in corolla). Stem seldom branched, terete, densely covered with hairs ca. 0.5–1 mm long, green; internodes (0.5–) 1–5 cm long, but sometimes much shorter towards apex, up to 4 (rarely to 7) mm in diameter. Stipules interpetiolar, persistent, narrowly to broadly ovate, (8–) 10–19 mm long, ca. 2–6(–12) mm wide, densely hairy on both sides, adaxially dark green and abaxially pale green, with entire to slightly erose margins, acute at apex, with several parallel veins. Leaves opposite, weakly anisophyllous to nearly isophyllous with larger leaf of a pair usually 1.2–2.3(–4) times longer than smaller leaf; petiole stout, from nearly absent to 1.7 cm long, densely hairy; blade oblanceolate to obovate, sometimes slightly falcate, (4–) 6–23 cm long (blades longer than 15 cm usually present on each shoot), (1.0–)2.0– 7.3 cm wide, 2.4–3.7(–4.3) times as long as wide, with entire margins, acuminate to attenuate at apex, cuneate at base, chartaceous in sicco, densely hairy on both sides especially along veins, dark green adaxially and pale green (whitish) abaxially; midvein more or less flat adaxially and strongly raised abaxially; secondary veins 9–25 pairs, alternate or subopposite, slender, nearly flat adaxially and raised abaxially. Inflorescence terminal (rarely with additional axillary inflorescences), cymose, with up to 32 (or probably more) flowers. Peduncle ca. 3–15 mm long, densely hairy similar to stem, greenish white; axes of higher orders densely hairy, white; primary branches up to ca. 20 mm long. Two basal bracts of inflorescence leaf-like, narrowly ovate to lanceolate, up to 20 mm long, up to 4 mm wide, with entire margins, acuminate at apex, densely hairy on both sides, green adaxially, pale green abaxially. Stipules between basal bracts similar to them but broadly ovate and sometimes apically deeply 2-lobed, up to 10 mm long, up to 6 mm wide. Flower-subtending bracts narrowly triangular, ca. 1–1.5(–2.5) mm long, ca. 0.2 mm wide, more or less glabrous adaxially, densely hairy abaxially, white and sometimes with greenish apex, without stipules. Other bracts of intermediate morphology between basal bracts and flower-subtending bracts (gradually becoming smaller and whiter towards higher orders of branching). Flowers actinomorphic, 5(or 6)-merous (except for gynoecium), distylous. Pedicel ca. 1–4 mm long, densely hairy, white. Calyx campanulate, externally (abaxially) densely hairy, internally (adaxially) glabrous, white; tube vanishingly short; calyx lobes narrowly triangular, ca. 2–2.5 mm long, 0.5–1.3 mm wide at base, acuminate at apex, hairy along margin. Corolla tubular (sometimes narrowly funnel-shaped, especially at apex) with rotate limb, indistinctly clavate in bud, ca. 8–9 mm long when fully open, white, turning pale yellow with age, with slightly darker veins on limb; tube ca. 7–8 mm long, 1.5–2 mm in diameter (when flattened) in the middle, outside with dense very short hairs, inside glabrous in proximal 1/3 and with dense long interlacing hairs in distal 2/3 (at throat hairs confined to petal midveins); corolla lobes lanceolate to oblong, more or less curved backwards, ca. 2–4 mm long, ca. 0.5–1.5 mm wide, acute at apex, externally (abaxially) hairy, internally (adaxially) glabrous; each lobe abaxially with prominent horn-like appendage ca. 0.5 mm long (hence flower bud star-shaped at top). Stamens glabrous; filaments filiform, white; anthers dorsifixed, 2-locular, narrowly oblong, ca. 1.0– 1.3 mm long, ca. 0.2–0.4 mm wide, pale brownish. Ovary inferior, cup-shaped, ca. 0.5 mm long, ca. 0.8 mm in diameter, outside densely hairy, white to greenish white, 2-locular; disk concave, ca. 0.3 mm high, very minutely puberulent (visible with magnification), white; placentas axile, attached approximately at middle of ovary septum, bearing numerous ovules; style filiform, white, glabrous in proximal half and hairy in distal half; stigma densely papillate to apparently hairy, white. Pin (long-styled) flowers: filaments adnate at middle of corolla tube, vanishingly short (anthers nearly sessile); anthers deeply included in corolla tube (placed at level of ca. 2/3 of tube); style ca. 7 mm long; stigma 2-lobed, ca. 1 mm long, slightly to evidently exserted from corolla tube. Thrum (short-styled) flowers: filaments adnate at level of 2/3 of corolla tube, ca. 1.5–2(–2.5) mm long; anthers occupying level of corolla throat; style ca. 2.5–3 mm long; stigma tortuous, entire, flat with a central furrow (rarely shortly 2-lobed with lobes tightly appressed to each other), ca. 0.5 mm long, deeply included in corolla tube (placed at middle of tube). Fruit and seeds unknown. Phenology: —Flowering from March to April. In March, the species was observed to mainly have postanthetic inflorescences, with corollas largely abscised. Nevertheless, individuals with flowers and flower buds were found a month later in April. Distribution and ecology: — Leptomischus multiflorus is currently only known from a single forest area in Tay Giang District (Quang Nam Province, Vietnam). The area is locally famous since it is covered by a pristine primary mixed forest with a dense population of the conifer Fokienia hodginsii that is mainly found on ridges and slopes. The known population of L. multiflorus is located about 6 km from the Vietnam-Laos border, not far from Xe Xap National Bio-Diversity Conservation Area in Laos, where the species can potentially also occur. The new species is common within this forest, inhabiting wet shady banks of small streams at elevations of 1250–1450 m a.s.l. Taxonomic relationships: —The generic placement of the newly described species is not straightforward due to the general uncertainty of delimitation between Leptomischus and Mouretia, which has been pointed out by Chen et al. (2011) and Tran et al. (2021b). Mouretia is also a member of the tribe Argostemmateae (Razafimandimbison & Rydin 2019). In the key provided by Chen et al. (2011), Leptomischus and Mouretia are distinguished solely by the structure of placentas (stipitate, arranged near base of septum vs. peltate, arranged near middle of septum, respectively). With respect to placentation, the species described here seems to fit Mouretia better. However, the characters of placentas appear to be hardly reliable (see also Wu et al. 2020): they are difficult to assess in the herbarium material due to the small size of ovaries in this lineage and poor quality of preservation of ovary structure. In fact, these characters have never been evaluated for many species of the genera in question. At the same time, Leptomischus and Mouretia differ significantly in flower size: for example, the corolla tube in all species of Leptomischus known to date is 6 mm long or longer (often drastically so), whereas in Mouretia it is 2.5–5 mm long (Tange 1997, Tran et al. 2021b). Based on the flower size, and also on the general similarity of the new species with known species of Leptomischus (especially with L. anisophyllus), we assign the new species to this genus. Preliminary molecular phylogenetic studies (Lei Wu, unpublished) demonstrated that Leptomischus in its current circumscription is not monophyletic, which possibly indicates the need for redefinition of the limits of genera within Argostemmateae. Leptomischus multiflorus is readily distinguishable from all the other species of Leptomischus (as summarized by Chen et al. 2011, Hareesh et al. 2017, Wu et al. 2020, Tran et al. 2021a) by the following combination of characteristics: leaf blades up to 23 cm long with up to 25 pairs of secondary veins, and corolla tube less than 10 mm long and hairy outside. In addition, L. multiflorus is remarkable for its many-flowered inflorescences, whereas several-flowered inflorescences are most common in the genus. The new species is most similar to L. anisophyllus described recently from Pu Mat National Park in northern Vietnam. The main morphological differences between L. multiflorus and L. anisophyllus are summarized in Table 1. The more important of them are leaf dimorphism (weak vs. strong anisophylly), number of flowers per inflorescence (up to 32 vs. 6–10), absolute and relative length of calyx lobes (2–2.5 mm, about 1/3 length of corolla tube vs. 6–8 mm, more than 1/2 length of corolla tube), length of corolla tube (7–8 mm vs. 10–15 mm), presence of corolla appendages (appendage horn-like, 0.5 mm long vs. absent), anther length (1–1.3 mm vs. 2–2.5 mm), style indumentum (hairy in distal half vs. entirely glabrous), structure of pin flowers (filaments adnate at middle of corolla tube vs. to base of corolla tube; stigma lobes 1 mm vs. 6–8 mm long), and structure of thrum flowers (style 2.5–3 mm vs. 4–6 mm long; stigma 0.5 mm vs. 3–4 mm long)., Published as part of Nuraliev, Maxim S., Nguyen, Khang Sinh, Pham, Thoa Kim Thi, Nguyen, Cuong Huu, Quang, Bui Hong, Lyskov, Dmitry F., Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. & Wu, Lei, 2022, Leptomischus multiflorus (Argostemmateae: Rubiaceae), a new species from southern Vietnam, pp. 83-90 in Phytotaxa 574 (1) on pages 84-88, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.574.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7359794, {"references":["Tran, T. P. A., Bui, H. Q., Nguyen, K. S., Nuraliev, M. S. & Averyanov, L. V. (2021 a) Leptomischus anisophyllus (Argostemmateae: Rubiaceae), a new species from Vietnam. Phytotaxa 507 (2): 198 - 204. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 507.2.8","Chen, T., Zhu, H., Chen, J., Taylor, C. M., Ehrendorfer, F., Lantz, H., Funston, A. M. & Puff, C. (2011) Rubiaceae. In: Wu, Z. Y., Raven, P. H. & Hong, D. Y. (Eds.) Flora of China, 19. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden, Beijing and St. Louis, pp. 57 - 368.","Tran, T. P. A., Nguyen, K. S., Tran, D. B., Bui, H. Q. & Wu, L. (2021 b) Mouretia oblanceolata (Rubiaceae), a new species from central Vietnam. Phytotaxa 484 (2): 237 - 243. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 484.2.8","Razafimandimbison, S. G. & Rydin, C. (2019) Molecular-based assessments of tribal and generic limits and relationships in Rubiaceae (Gentianales): Polyphyly of Pomazoteae and paraphyly of Ophiorrhizeae and Ophiorrhiza. Taxon 68: 72 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tax. 12023","Wu, L., Averyanov, L. V., Nguyen, K. S., Maisak, T. V. & Hu, Y. H. (2020) Leptomischus hiepii, a new species of Rubiaceae from Vietnam. PhytoKeys 166: 105 - 115. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / phytokeys. 166.55731","Tange, C. (1997) A revision of the genus Mouretia (Rubiaceae). Nordic Journal of Botany 17 (2): 123 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1756 - 1051.1997. tb 00298. x","Hareesh, V. S., Wu, L. & Sabu, M. (2017) Leptomischus flaviflorus (Rubiaceae), a new species from India. Phytotaxa 332 (1): 88 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 332.1.10"]}

Lysimachia nutantiflora F.H.Chen & C.M.Hu (1979: 28) (Fig. 4) References: — Hu & Kelso (1996: 53). Habitat and phenology: —Evergreen forests; 800–1100 m. Flowering in May–June, fruiting unknown. Distribution: — China (SW Guangxi), Vietnam (Gia Lai: Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve). Studied specimens: — VIETNAM. Gia Lai province: K’Bang district, Son Lang municipality, Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve, 29 km ESE of Mang Den town, forest, near waterfall, N 14°31’05’’ E 108°32’50’’, 1000 m, 01 June 2016, M. S . Nuraliev 1624 (IBSC; MW: MW0754511). Notes. Lysimachia nutantiflora is described as having an elongate several- to many-flowered terminal raceme, which is an important character for identification of this species (Hu & Kelso 1996). However, the flower-subtending bracts of L. nutantiflora are leaf-like, with the lower bracts differing from the leaves only in being twice smaller (sometimes even insignificantly smaller, as seen in the Vietnamese specimen). Thus, L. nutantiflora shows an intermediate morphology between a terminal raceme and solitary flowers in axils of the upper leaves., Published as part of Nuraliev, Maxim S., Toyama, Hironori, Hu, Chi-Ming, Luo, Shi-Xiao, Lyskov, Dmitry F., Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P., Quang, Bui Hong, Binh, Tran Duc & Hoan, Duong Thi, 2022, Three new national records from Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve, Vietnam: Euphorbia bokorensis, Glochidion geoffrayi and Lysimachia nutantiflora, pp. 73-82 in Phytotaxa 574 (1) on pages 79-80, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.574.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7359814, {"references":["Hu, C. M. & Kelso, S. (1996) Primulaceae. In: Wu, Z. Y., Raven, P. H. & Hong, D. Y. (Eds.) Flora of China. Vol. 15. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden, Beijing and St. Louis, pp. 39 - 189."]}