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1. Socio-Economic Impact of the Creation and Operation of Mega-Science Projects

Author

Nurakhov, N.N., Malyshev, A.S., Kolesnikova, E. A., Tsvetus, N.Yu., Nurakhov, N.N., Malyshev, A.S., Kolesnikova, E. A., and Tsvetus, N.Yu.

Abstract

Challenges of development facing society and states require efforts consolidation, in the research field in particular. Therefore, in order to organize international cooperation and to conduct basic and applied research, mega-science infrastructures are being created and implemented all over the world. Currently, research facilities of the mega-science class are being created in the Russian Federation. They play an important role in the development of science and the innovation process. The competitiveness of Russian science is a determining factor for ensuring the safety and technological independence of Russia. Therefore, the Federal program for the development of Synchrotron and Neutron research and research infrastructure for 2019-2027 was approved in March 2020. In the present article, the concept of the socio-economic impact of the operation of a large-scale research infrastructure is revealed. The authors refer to the materials on the socio-economic impact analysis, which was based on the data on the Swedish neutron source (European Spallation Source). The article provides a generalized idea of the main indicators for assessing the potential of the research infrastructure as well as their application to characterize the research facilities in the Russian Federation. It is worth highlighting that each large research facility is unique and it is not possible to unify the analysis of the socio-economic impact. However, the obtained results can be used for a similar analysis of research infrastructures, based on the same physical principles and created to solve general scientific problems.

Published
2021

2. DarkSide-20k: A 20 tonne two-phase LAr TPC for direct dark matter detection at LNGS

Author

Craig E. Aalseth, P. F. Loverre, T. Viant, Fabrizio Giulio Luca Pilo, A. Vishneva, R. Perruzza, E. Segreto, P. Garcia Abia, T. N. Johnson, Manuel Colocci, Lelio Luzzi, R. Tartaglia, M. Bossa, S. Murphy, I. N. Machulin, M. Razeti, V. Pavletcov, M. Kuźniak, H. O. Back, N. Canci, P. D. Meyers, A.V. Shchagin, R. Cereseto, P. Skensved, Jocelyn Monroe, A. Buzulutskov, Davide Portaluppi, Giovanni Covone, G. Dellacasa, Vittorio Cataudella, P. Giampa, B. Rossi, D. Korablev, V. Pesudo, André Rubbia, Marco Pallavicini, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, K. Fomenko, G. Fiorillo, G. Testera, K. Pelczar, A. Dolgov, F. Retiere, L. Shekhtman, George E. Froudakis, Mariano Cadoni, A. Moggi, L. Romero, M. La Commara, Aldo Ghisi, P. Cavalcante, S. Corgiolu, A. Oleinik, E. V. Hungerford, Cristiano Galbiati, Piero Salatino, D. D'Urso, M. Wada, Rosario Nania, M. Rescigno, Yuting Wang, T. Pollmann, Alan Watson, N. Rossi, C. J. Jillings, F. Gabriele, A. Empl, M. G. Boulay, S. Sanfilippo, A. Mandarano, S. J. M. Peeters, L. Pagani, M. D'Incecco, Alessandro Ferri, S. Westerdale, K. Keeter, R. Bunker, Claudio Piemonte, Andrea Alici, Federica Villa, D. Sablone, G. Di Pietro, Gilda Scioli, Allen Seifert, Marisa Gulino, P. Trinchese, G. Bonfini, S. Catalanotti, F. Granato, D. A. Semenov, M. Carlini, Luciano Pandola, A. Sotnikov, Min-Xin Guan, Alberto Tosi, H. Qian, M. D. Skorokhvatov, S. Bettarini, A. de Candia, An. Ianni, A. Sheshukov, W. Bonivento, V. Regazzoni, E. Pantic, F. Speziale, M. Mayer, Annalisa Vacca, X. Xiang, P. N. Singh, M. Gromov, S. Wu, A. G. Cocco, V. N. Muratova, B. Bottino, Andrea Gabrieli, Mario Giorgi, E. Sanchez Garcia, Jay W. Grate, Y. Suvorov, R. Milincic, G. Batignani, E. Bertoldo, M. Orsini, B. Radics, Giuseppe Longo, C. L. Kendziora, S. Bussino, M. Ave, V. Bocci, B. Reinhold, S. Dussoni, Eugenio Scapparone, A. L. Hallin, Richard M. Williams, S. Horikawa, B. Hosseini, S. Kim, D. Hughes, I. D'Antone, A. M. Goretti, A. S. Chepurnov, C. Giganti, I. J. Arnquist, Antonino Zichichi, A. Castellani, M. Fernandez Diaz, A. L. Renshaw, C. Filip, Silvia Arcelli, Fabio Acerbi, D. M. Asner, Monica Verducci, Marco Sant, Giovanni Paternoster, C. Dionisi, M. Da Rocha Rolo, S. Davini, C. J. Martoff, M. Marcante, M. Cadeddu, Paul H. Humble, E. Paoloni, Z. Ye, C. Cicalo, W. Mu, Laura A. Pellegrini, F. Pazzona, A. S. Kubankin, C. Savarese, G. Sobrero, Stefano Giagu, M. Caravati, A. A. Machado, Chung-Yao Yang, N. N. Nurakhov, G. Koh, Paolo Crivelli, M. Carpinelli, S. De Cecco, Fausto Ortica, G. De Rosa, I. Dormia, Federico Perotti, A. Yllera de Llano, Franco Zappa, J. Wahl, M. Guerzoni, Andrea Messina, Pietro Antonioli, Rudi Lussana, C. Cantini, Pierfranco Demontis, B. Vogelaar, O. Gorchakov, Angelo Rivetti, Simonetta Palmas, Hui Wang, Ben Loer, A. Devoto, J. Walding, Paolo Musico, Alberto Gola, G. Gibertoni, Thomas Alexander, I. Nikulin, D. A. Pugachev, R. Stainforth, A. Monte, A. V. Derbin, Andrey Sokolov, G. Zuzel, J. Maricic, A. B. McDonald, A. Zullo, L. Cifarelli, R. Santorelli, Giuseppe Baldovino Suffritti, Yanhui Ma, B. Schlitzer, Marino Simeone, Stefania Moioli, D. Franco, Michele Mascia, Mario Mariani, Raffaele Ardito, M. K. Daniel, C. Stanford, Mauro Citterio, A.E. Bondar, Caoxiang Zhu, O. Samoylov, Francesco Ragusa, R. K. Haaland, A. Gendotti, M. De Deo, G. Y. Grigoriev, A. Caminata, A. K. Alton, G. U. Lodi, G. Korga, Q. Riffard, M. Zullo, Xiujiang Li, Marco Grassi, M. Della Valle, C. Regenfus, Eric W. Hoppe, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, L. Mapelli, Stefano Maria Mari, A. Tonazzo, A. Barrado Olmedo, V. Oleynikov, F. Di Eusanio, Maria Giuseppina Bisogni, B. J. Mount, Matteo Morrocchi, M. Kuss, E. Shemyakina, A. Candela, Aldo Romani, P. Agnes, G. K. Giovanetti, B. Lehnert, A. Razeto, Stefano Cavuoti, A. Navrer Agasson, V. Nosov, M. Cariello, N. Pelliccia, Simone Rizzardini, G. De Guido, M. Lissia, G. De Filippis, Marcin Wójcik, Anselmo Margotti, Xiang Xiao, Marcelo Braga Bueno Guerra, W. Sands, M. L. Gligan, A. O. Nozdrina, F. Raffaelli, G. Zappalà, A. Pocar, O. Smirnov, E. V. Unzhakov, B. Harrop, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna (INFN, Sezione di Bologna), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), LVMH Recherche, LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche [Naples], Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management Politecnico di Bari, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Pisa] (INFN), Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Pavia, Laboratorio de Instrumentaçao, Engenharia Biomédica e Fisica da Radiaçao (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de Fìsica [Lisboa] (DF), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia = School of Science & Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia = School of Science & Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli (INFN, Sezione di Napoli), Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Végétales - UMR6134, Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino (INFN, Sezione di Torino), Migration et différenciation des cellules souches hématopoiétiques = Migration and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (LBD-E06), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement (LBD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Microsystems Engineering [Freiburg] (IMTEK), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Pondicherry Univrsity, Department of Earth Sciences, School of Physical, Chemical & Applied Sciences, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, inconnu, Inconnu, Key Lab of Computer System and Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology [Beijing] (ICT), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Centre for Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Macquarie University, Laboratoire Géophysique et évaluation non destructive (IFSTTAR/GERS/GeoEND), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Aalseth, C. E., Acerbi, F., Agnes, P., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alici, A., Alton, A. K., Antonioli, P., Arcelli, S., Ardito, R., Arnquist, I. J., Asner, D. M., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Barrado Olmedo, A. I., Batignani, G., Bertoldo, E., Bettarini, S., Bisogni, M. G., Bocci, V., Bondar, A., Bonfini, G., Bonivento, W., Bossa, M., Bottino, B., Boulay, M., Bunker, R., Bussino, S., Buzulutskov, A., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Candela, A., Cantini, C., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carlini, M., Carpinelli, M., Castellani, A., Catalanotti, S., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Cereseto, R., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Cifarelli, L., Citterio, M., Cocco, A. G., Colocci, M., Corgiolu, S., Covone, G., Crivelli, P., D’Antone, I., D’Incecco, M., D’Urso, D., Da Rocha Rolo, M. D., Daniel, M., Davini, S., de Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Deo, M., De Filippis, G., De Guido, G., De Rosa, G., Dellacasa, G., Della Valle, M., Demontis, P., Derbin, A., Devoto, A., Di Eusanio, F., Di Pietro, G., Dionisi, C., Dolgov, A., Dormia, I., Dussoni, S., Empl, A., Fernandez Diaz, M., Ferri, A., Filip, C., Fiorillo, G., Fomenko, K., Franco, D., Froudakis, G. E., Gabriele, F., Gabrieli, A., Galbiati, C., Garcia Abia, P., Gendotti, A., Ghisi, A., Giagu, S., Giampa, P., Gibertoni, G., Giganti, C., Giorgi, M. A., Giovanetti, G. K., Gligan, M. L., Gola, A., Gorchakov, O., Goretti, A. M., Granato, F., Grassi, M., Grate, J. W., Grigoriev, G. Y., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guerra, M. B. B., Guerzoni, M., Gulino, M., Haaland, R. K., Hallin, A., Harrop, B., Hoppe, E. W., Horikawa, S., Hosseini, B., Hughes, D., Humble, P., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Jillings, C., Johnson, T. N., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kim, S., Koh, G., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., Kuźniak, M., La Commara, M., Lehnert, B., Li, X., Lissia, M., Lodi, G. U., Loer, B., Longo, G., Loverre, P., Lussana, R., Luzzi, L., Ma, Y., Machado, A. A., Machulin, I. N., Mandarano, A., Mapelli, L., Marcante, M., Margotti, A., Mari, S. M., Mariani, M., Maricic, J., Martoff, C. J., Mascia, M., Mayer, M., Mcdonald, A. B., Messina, A., Meyers, P. D., Milincic, R., Moggi, A., Moioli, S., Monroe, J., Monte, A., Morrocchi, M., Mount, B. J., Mu, W., Muratova, V. N., Murphy, S., Musico, P., Nania, R., Navrer Agasson, A., Nikulin, I., Nosov, V., Nozdrina, A. O., Nurakhov, N. N., Oleinik, A., Oleynikov, V., Orsini, M., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Palmas, S., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Paternoster, G., Pavletcov, V., Pazzona, F., Peeters, S., Pelczar, K., Pellegrini, L. A., Pelliccia, N., Perotti, F., Perruzza, R., Pesudo, V., Piemonte, C., Pilo, F., Pocar, A., Pollmann, T., Portaluppi, D., Pugachev, D. A., Qian, H., Radics, B., Raffaelli, F., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Regazzoni, V., Regenfus, C., Reinhold, B., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Retière, F., Riffard, Q., Rivetti, A., Rizzardini, S., Romani, A., Romero, L., Rossi, B., Rossi, N., Rubbia, A., Sablone, D., Salatino, P., Samoylov, O., Sánchez García, E., Sands, W., Sanfilippo, S., Sant, M., Santorelli, R., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Schlitzer, B., Scioli, G., Segreto, E., Seifert, A., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Shekhtman, L., Shemyakina, E., Sheshukov, A., Simeone, M., Singh, P. N., Skensved, P., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sobrero, G., Sokolov, A., Sotnikov, A., Speziale, F., Stainforth, R., Stanford, C., Suffritti, G. B., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Tonazzo, A., Tosi, A., Trinchese, P., Unzhakov, E. V., Vacca, A., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Verducci, M., Viant, T., Villa, F., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, B., Wada, M., Wahl, J., Walding, J., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Watson, A. W., Westerdale, S., Williams, R., Wojcik, M. M., Wu, S., Xiang, X., Xiao, X., Yang, C., Ye, Z., Yllera de Llano, A., Zappa, F., Zappalà, G., Zhu, C., Zichichi, A., Zullo, M., Zullo, A., Zuzel, G., National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide - Site Artois (UCCS Artois), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NOVA)-Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NOVA), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Corse, CNRS UMR6134 SPE, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Végétales, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, Rhodes University, Aalseth, C, Acerbi, F, Agnes, P, Albuquerque, I, Alexander, T, Alici, A, Alton, A, Antonioli, P, Arcelli, S, Ardito, R, Arnquist, I, Asner, D, Ave, M, Back, H, Barrado Olmedo, A, Batignani, G, Bertoldo, E, Bettarini, S, Bisogni, M, Bocci, V, Bondar, A, Bonfini, G, Bonivento, W, Bossa, M, Bottino, B, Boulay, M, Bunker, R, Bussino, S, Buzulutskov, A, Cadeddu, M, Cadoni, M, Caminata, A, Canci, N, Candela, A, Cantini, C, Caravati, M, Cariello, M, Carlini, M, Carpinelli, M, Castellani, A, Catalanotti, S, Cataudella, V, Cavalcante, P, Cavuoti, S, Cereseto, R, Chepurnov, A, Cicalo', C, Cifarelli, L, Citterio, M, Cocco, A, Colocci, M, Corgiolu, S, Covone, G, Crivelli, P, D’Antone, I, D’Incecco, M, D’Urso, D, Da Rocha Rolo, M, Daniel, M, Davini, S, de Candia, A, De Cecco, S, De Deo, M, De Filippis, G, De Guido, G, De Rosa, G, Dellacasa, G, Della Valle, M, Demontis, P, Derbin, A, Devoto, A, Di Eusanio, F, Di Pietro, G, Dionisi, C, Dolgov, A, Dormia, I, Dussoni, S, Empl, A, Fernandez Diaz, M, Ferri, A, Filip, C, Fiorillo, G, Fomenko, K, Franco, D, Froudakis, G, Gabriele, F, Gabrieli, A, Galbiati, C, Garcia Abia, P, Gendotti, A, Ghisi, A, Giagu, S, Giampa, P, Gibertoni, G, Giganti, C, Giorgi, M, Giovanetti, G, Gligan, M, Gola, A, Gorchakov, O, Goretti, A, Granato, F, Grassi, M, Grate, J, Grigoriev, G, Gromov, M, Guan, M, Guerra, M, Guerzoni, M, Gulino, M, Haaland, R, Hallin, A, Harrop, B, Hoppe, E, Horikawa, S, Hosseini, B, Hughes, D, Humble, P, Hungerford, E, Ianni, A, Jillings, C, Johnson, T, Keeter, K, Kendziora, C, Kim, S, Koh, G, Korablev, D, Korga, G, Kubankin, A, Kuss, M, Kúzniak, M, La Commara, M, Lehnert, B, Li, X, Lissia, M, Lodi, G, Loer, B, Longo, G, Loverre, P, Lussana, R, Luzzi, L, Ma, Y, Machado, A, Machulin, I, Mandarano, A, Mapelli, L, Marcante, M, Margotti, A, Mari, S, Mariani, M, Maricic, J, Martoff, C, Mascia, M, Mayer, M, Mcdonald, A, Messina, A, Meyers, P, Milincic, R, Moggi, A, Moioli, S, Monroe, J, Monte, A, Morrocchi, M, Mount, B, Mu, W, Muratova, V, Murphy, S, Musico, P, Nania, R, Navrer Agasson, A, Nikulin, I, Nosov, V, Nozdrina, A, Nurakhov, N, Oleinik, A, Oleynikov, V, Orsini, M, Ortica, F, Pagani, L, Pallavicini, M, Palmas, S, Pandola, L, Pantic, E, Paoloni, E, Paternoster, G, Pavletcov, V, Pazzona, F, Peeters, S, Pelczar, K, Pellegrini, L, Pelliccia, N, Perotti, F, Perruzza, R, Pesudo, V, Piemonte, C, Pilo, F, Pocar, A, Pollmann, T, Portaluppi, D, Pugachev, D, Qian, H, Radics, B, Raffaelli, F, Ragusa, F, Razeti, M, Razeto, A, Regazzoni, V, Regenfus, C, Reinhold, B, Renshaw, A, Rescigno, M, Retière, F, Riffard, Q, Rivetti, A, Rizzardini, S, Romani, A, Romero, L, Rossi, B, Rossi, N, Rubbia, A, Sablone, D, Salatino, P, Samoylov, O, Sánchez García, E, Sands, W, Sanfilippo, S, Sant, M, Santorelli, R, Savarese, C, Scapparone, E, Schlitzer, B, Scioli, G, Segreto, E, Seifert, A, Semenov, D, Shchagin, A, Shekhtman, L, Shemyakina, E, Sheshukov, A, Simeone, M, Singh, P, Skensved, P, Skorokhvatov, M, Smirnov, O, Sobrero, G, Sokolov, A, Sotnikov, A, Speziale, F, Stainforth, R, Stanford, C, Suffritti, G, Suvorov, Y, Tartaglia, R, Testera, G, Tonazzo, A, Tosi, A, Trinchese, P, Unzhakov, E, Vacca, A, Vázquez-Jáuregui, E, Verducci, M, Viant, T, Villa, F, Vishneva, A, Vogelaar, B, Wada, M, Wahl, J, Walding, J, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Watson, A, Westerdale, S, Williams, R, Wojcik, M, Wu, S, Xiang, X, Xiao, X, Yang, C, Ye, Z, Yllera de Llano, A, Zappa, F, Zappalà, G, Zhu, C, Zichichi, A, Zullo, M, Zullo, A, Zuzel, G, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement (LBD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Kúzniak, M., Trinchese, Pasquale, Aalseth, C.E., Albuquerque, I.F.M., Alton, A.K., Arnquist, I.J., Asner, D.M., Back, H.O., Barrado Olmedo, A.I., Bisogni, M.G., Cocco, A.G., Da Rocha Rolo, M.D., Froudakis, G.E., Giorgi, M.A., Giovanetti, G.K., Gligan, M.L., Goretti, A.M., Grate, J.W., Grigoriev, G.Y., Guerra, M.B.B., Haaland, R.K., Hoppe, E.W., Hungerford, E.V., Johnson, T.N., Kendziora, C.L., Lodi, G.U., Machado, A.A., Machulin, I.N., Mari, S.M., Martoff, C.J., McDonald, A.B., Meyers, P.D., Mount, B.J., Muratova, V.N., Nozdrina, A.O., Nurakhov, N.N., Pellegrini, L.A., Pugachev, D.A., Renshaw, A.L., Semenov, D.A., Singh, P.N., Skorokhvatov, M.D., Suffritti, G.B., Unzhakov, E.V., Watson, A.W., Wojcik, M.M., Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide - Equipes du Site Artois (UCCS Artois), Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide - UMR 8181 (UCCS), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université d'Artois (UA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University of Lisboa (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University of Lisboa (NOVA)-Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT NOVA), and Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University of Lisboa (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University of Lisboa (NOVA)

Subjects
Particle physics, VAPOR-PRESSURE, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Solar neutrino, Dark matter, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Scintillator, SCINTILLATION EFFICIENCY, 01 natural sciences, PROPERTIES, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), Silicon photomultiplier, WIMP, LIQUID-ARGON, RADIOACTIVITY, DESIGN, SEARCH, 0103 physical sciences, ISOTOPIC LIQUIDS, 010306 general physics, Cherenkov radiation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), MODEL, THERMODYNAMIC, IONIZATION, Dark Matter – WIMP – Nobel Liquid Detector – Low-background Detectors – Liquid Scintillator – SiPM – Silicon Photomultiplier – Underground Argon – Low-radioactivity Argon, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

Building on the successful experience in operating the DarkSide-50 detector, the DarkSide Collaboration is going to construct DarkSide-20k, a direct WIMP search detector using a two-phase Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr TPC) with an active (fiducial) mass of 23 t (20 t). This paper describes a preliminary design for the experiment, in which the DarkSide-20k LAr TPC is deployed within a shield/veto with a spherical Liquid Scintillator Veto (LSV) inside a cylindrical Water Cherenkov Veto (WCV). This preliminary design provides a baseline for the experiment to achieve its physics goals, while further development work will lead to the final optimization of the detector parameters and an eventual technical design. Operation of DarkSide-50 demonstrated a major reduction in the dominant 39Ar background when using argon extracted from an underground source, before applying pulse shape analysis. Data from DarkSide-50, in combination with MC simulation and analytical modeling, shows that a rejection factor for discrimination between electron and nuclear recoils of $>3 \times 10^{9}$ is achievable. This, along with the use of the veto system and utilizing silicon photomultipliers in the LAr TPC, are the keys to unlocking the path to large LAr TPC detector masses, while maintaining an experiment in which less than $< 0.1$ events (other than $\nu$ -induced nuclear recoils) is expected to occur within the WIMP search region during the planned exposure. DarkSide-20k will have ultra-low backgrounds than can be measured in situ, giving sensitivity to WIMP-nucleon cross sections of $1.2 \times 10^{-47}$ cm2 ( $1.1 \times 10^{-46}$ cm2) for WIMPs of 1 TeV/c2 (10 TeV/c2) mass, to be achieved during a 5 yr run producing an exposure of 100 t yr free from any instrumental background.

Published
2018

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