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The use of artificial chemical fertilizers that are very intensive and not in accordance with the availability of soil nutrients, has a negative impact on decreasing agricultural soil fertility and vegetable productivity. The aim of this experiment was to obtain an effective and efficient dose of compound fertilizer (Ca and N) for potato plants in Andisol soil type, Lembang. The experiment was carried out at Margahayu Experimental Field of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI) (1250 m asl), from June to November 2021. A randomized block design was used with 8 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments consisted of without N fertilizer, standard N single fertilizer, and 6 doses of compound fertilizer (33% Ca and 17% N). The results showed that, in general, CaN compound fertilizers increase the growth of potato plants. The application of compound fertilizer at 75% of N standard (300 kg/ha of CaN fertilizer) was the most effective dose for fertilizing potato plants on Andisol soil type in Lembang. This dose can save the use of N by 25% with a Relative Agronomic Effectiveness (RAE) value of 140%. This study showed that the use of CaN compound fertilizers at a dose of 300 kg/ha can not only reduce fertilizer input into the soil, but also increase potato yields.

The objective of the research was to identify local varieties of chili that are preferred by farmers and which have superiority in terms of plant growth and fruit quality as well as high yield. The identified superior chilies will be recommended to be used as mother plants to create superior chili varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases. The research was conducted in the experimental field of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (Ivegri) from March to September 2020. The methodology used was a combination of demonstration plots and Farmer Participatory Research. In the demonstration plot, local varieties of chili were planted, consisting of 17 varieties of big chilies, 13 varieties of curly chilies and 8 varieties of cayenne. The demonstration plot was created for two main purposes. First, to obtain data on the yield of local varieties of chili under study, and secondly as an observation plot for 31 and 30 participating farmers in the implementation of Farmer Participatory Research to determine their preferences for local varieties of chili in the demonstration plot. The results showed that farmers preferences on the quality of chili varieties can be identified. It is recommended that identified varieties to be used as parent plants for making superior chili varieties resistant to pests and diseases. The recommended varieties are 1) for big chilies varieties are Pilar and Hot Vision, 2) for curly chili varieties are Kastilo, TM 999 and LV-8451, and 3) for cayenne is Prima.

Farmers’ socio-economics, beliefs, perceptions, and attitudes affect their behavior toward pesticides. This study was aimed at identifying criteria considered by shallot farmers in selecting and using pesticides. A survey of shallot pesticide-use was carried out in Brebes, Central Java. Data were collected by interviewing 75 respondents that was proportiona-tely and randomly selected from three villages in Brebes. By using factor analysis, four components are extracted and they account for 65.15% of the total explained variation. The rank of importance of selection criteria is “financial and accessibility criteria” (FA-1st), “performance, knowledge and information criteria” (PK-2nd), “safety and environmental criteria” (SE-3rd), and “technical and operational criteria” (TO-4th). Farmers with higher education prefer more PK, FA and TO criteria for pesticide-use. Farmers with land size of 1,001 - 2,000 m2 prefer more PK and FA criteria. Farmers who put attention to pesticide active ingredients and pesticide movement in the plants show a tendency to prefer to PK and TO criteria more than farmers who do not. Farmers who have participated in IPM training tend to consider all of the four criteria when selecting and using pesticides. The findings provide useful information for improving extension programs related to safe and appropriate pesticide use.

(Adoption Study of Potato Seed Free Virus of Granola L. Variety from Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute in Garut Regency, West Java)Kontribusi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa) sebagai lembaga penelitian pemerintah penghasil teknologi baru, termasuk varietas dalam meningkatkan pendapatan petani masih belum terdokumentasi dengan baik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat adopsi, pendapatan petani, dan tingkat pengembalian investasi (Return on Investment = ROI) pada penerapan benih kentang bebas virus varietas Granola L. dari Balitsa di Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini merupakan evaluasi ex-post yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2014 di Desa Sirnajaya, Kecamatan Cisurupan, Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat. Lokasi tersebut dipilih secara purposive karena di daerah ini banyak petani yang mengadopsi benih kentang bebas virus varietas Granola L. dari Balitsa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui Fokus Grup Diskusi (FGD) dan wawancara individual dengan kuesioner terstruktur. Total responden berjumlah 40 petani terdiri atas tujuh penangkar benih adopter, yaitu penangkar benih yang menghasilkan benih kentang bebas virus dari G0 (1 orang), G1 (1 orang), G2 (1 orang), G3 (3 orang), dan G4 (1 orang), 12 petani kentang konsumsi adopter, dan 21 petani nonadopter. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan statistik deskriptif, menggunakan gambar garis waktu, tabel, dan analisis biaya dan pendapatan usahatani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknologi benih kentang bebas virus varietas Granola L. dari Balitsa telah diintroduksi dan diadopsi petani di Desa Sirnajaya, Kecamatan Cisurupan, Garut sejak tahun 2008. Adopsi teknologi benih kentang bebas virus varietas Granola L. di Garut pada tahun 2013 dapat meningkatkan profit dari total adopter dengan nilai total sebesar 6,732 milyar rupiah. Sementara nilai ROI untuk biaya penelitian dan diseminasi teknologi benih kentang bebas virus varietas Granola L. untuk tahun 2013 adalah sebesar 918.000%. Artinya, untuk setiap Rp100,00 biaya penelitian dan diseminasi yang dikeluarkan Balitsa memberikan peningkatan profit kepada total petani adopter sebesar Rp918.000,00 atau peningkatan sebesar 9.180 kali lipat.KeywordsKentang; Varietas Granola L.; Tingkat adopsi; Profit; ROIAbstractContribution of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (Ivegri) as a public research institution which produces new technologies, including new varieties, on the improvement of farmers’ income are still not well documented. The research objective was to determine the level of adoption, farmer income and return on investment (ROI) on the application virus-free potato seed of Granola L. variety from Ivegri in Garut District, West Java. This ex-post evaluation research was conducted in June 2014 in Sirnajaya Village, Cisurupan Subdistrict, Garut District, West Java. The location was chosen purposively because in the area there were a lot of farmers who adopted virus free potato seed of Granola L. variety from Ivegri. Data were collected through Focus Group Discussion and an individual interview used structured questionnaire. The total respondents were 40 farmers consisted of 7 farmers seed adopters, they were farmer seeds that generated G0 free virus potato seed (1 person), G1 (1 person), G2 (1 person), G3 (3 persons) and G4 (1 person), 12 adopter farmers of potato consumption and 21 nonadopter farmers. Data were analysed using descriptive statistic with time line picture, table and farm budget analysis. The result of study showed that the technology of potato free virus seed of Granola L. Variety of Granola L. seed from Ivegri have been introduced as well as adopted by farmers in Garut total adopters’ profit as much as 6.732 billions rupiah. Meanwhile, the return on investment (ROI) of research and disseminaton of technology of potato free virus seed of Granola L. variety only in 2013 was 918.000%. It means each IDR 100 invested by Ivegri on research and dissemination of technology of potato free virus seed of Granola L. variety would increase the profit of total farmers’ adopters as IDR 918.000 or 9,180 times of the investment.

Kontribusi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa) sebagai institusi pemerintah penghasil teknologi baru, termasuk varietas baru untuk meningkatkan pendapatan petani masih belum diperoleh informasi secara lengkap. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui tingkat adopsi dan kontribusi varietas bawang merah Bima Brebes asal Balitsa dalam meningkatkan pendapatan petani adopter, serta mengetahui tingkat pengembalian investasi rate of investment (ROI ) biaya penelitian dan pengembangan teknologi bawang merah Bima Brebes pada bulan Juni–Desember 2014 di Desa Wanasari, Tanjung, Kemukten, dan Limbangan, Kabupaten Brebes. Lokasi-lokasi tersebut dipilih secara purposive karena dari observasi lapangan diketahui bahwa para petani di lokasi-lokasi tersebut diketahui telah mengadopsi teknologi dan varietas unggul dari Balitsa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui Fokus Grup Diskusi (FGD) dan wawancara individual dengan kuesioner terstruktur. Pemilihan responden dilakukan secara purposive yang terdiri atas 16 petani penanam bawang merah varietas Bima Brebes (adopter) dan 21 petani penanam varietas Bima Curut (nonadopter). Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan statistik deskriptif, menggunakan gambar garis waktu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknologi benih bawang merah varietas Bima telah didiseminasikan di Brebes sejak tahun 1985 dan hingga saat ini diadopsi cukup luas di Kabupaten Brebes dengan sebaran adopsi kurang lebih 16.522 ha. Pada tahun 2013, adopsi varietas Bima Brebes di Kabupaten Brebes dapat meningkatkan pendapatan bersih total adopter sebesar 345,050 milyar rupiah dengan ROI biaya penelitian dan diseminasi sebesar 71.125%. Keywords Bawang merah; Varietas Bima Brebes; Tingkat adopsi; Profit; ROI Abstract Contribution of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI) as an institution who produces new technologies, including new varieties, on the improvement of farmers’ income has not been got completed information yet. The objectives of the research were to figure out the level of adoption and contribution of Bima Brebes shallot variety from IVEGRI in increasing adopter farmers’ profit, as well as to figure out the return on investment (ROI) of research and dissemination of Bima Brebes shallot. This expost evaluation research was conducted in June–December 2014 in Wanasari Village, Tanjung, Kemukten, and Limbangan, Brebes District. The location was chosen purposively because in the area there were a quite lot of farmers who adopted Bima Brebes shallot variety. Data were collected through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and an individual interview used structured questionnaire. The respondents consisted of 16 Bima Brebes adopter shallot farmers and 21 nonadopters shallot farmers who planting Bima Curut variety. Data were analysed using descriptive statistic with time line picture. The result of study showed that the technology of Bima Brebes variety from IVEGRI has been disseminated since 1985 in Brebes District and currently, it has been adopting quiet large as well. The spreading adoption is about 16,522 ha. In 2013, the adoption of Bima Brebes in Brebes District could increase adopters’ profit as much as 345.050 billions rupiah with ROI of research and dissemination of the variety was 71,125%.

Kontribusi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa) sebagai institusi pemerintah penghasil teknologi baru, termasuk varietas dalam meningkatkan pendapatan petani masih belum diketahui. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat adopsi dan kontribusi cabai merah varietas Tanjung-2 dari Balitsa dalam meningkatkan keuntungan petani serta mengetahui tingkat pengembalian investasi (ROI) biaya penelitian dan diseminasi dari cabai merah varietas Tanjung-2. Penelitian evaluasi ex-post ini dilakukan di Desa Cibeureum, Kabupaten Ciamis pada bulan Agustus-September 2013. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan metode Fokus Grup Diskusi (FGD) dan wawancara individual menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Responden yang diwawancara adalah 15 petani adopter dan 15 petani nonadopter varietas Tanjung-2. Selain itu wawancara informal juga dilakukan terhadap seorang petani kunci di Ciamis, seorang pemulia dan seorang peneliti dari Balitsa yang menghasilkan dan mendiseminasikan varietas Tanjung-2 di Ciamis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada periode tahun 2008–2012 varietas Tanjung-2 telah ditanam petani seluas lebih dari 600 ha yang tersebar di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, Garut, Majalengka, Cirebon, Indramayu, Sumedang, dan Cianjur. Khususnya di Kabupaten Ciamis, pada tahun 2012 varietas Tanjung-2 telah diadopsi seluas 140 ha yang tersebar di 10 kecamatan. Adopsi varietas Tanjung-2 di Ciamis dapat meningkatkan profit petani sebesar 52,9 juta rupiah per hektar. Total peningkatan profit yang diterima petani dari adopsi varietas Tanjung-2 seluas 140 ha adalah 7,4 milyar rupiah. Tingkat pengembalian investasi (ROI) biaya penelitian dan diseminasi cabai merah varietas Tanjung-2 di Ciamis adalah sebesar 2.558%. Artinya setiap Rp100,00 yang dialokasikan Balitsa untuk biaya penelitian dan diseminasi varietas Tanjung-2 memberikan peningkatan profit sebesar Rp2.558,00 bagi petani adopter atau 25 kali lipat dari biaya investasi yang dikeluarkan.

Tanah Alluvial mempunyai kadar bahan organik dan N-total yang tergolong sangat rendah sehingga penggunaan pupuk organik dan pupuk hayati dengan dosis yang cukup diharapkan dapat memperbaiki sifat fisik dan sifat kimia tanah serta meningkatkan hasil bawang merah. Bawang merah merupakan komoditas sayuran penting yang biasa tumbuh di tanah Entisol. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk organik dan pupuk hayati terhadap dosis optimal dan produktivitas tanaman bawang merah pada tanah Alluvial. Percobaan lapangan dilakukan di Brebes, Jawa Tengah pada bulan Mei – Agustus 2013. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan dan 10 kombinasi perlakuan dosis pupuk organik dan pupuk hayati, aplikasi perlakuan dilakukan dengan cara ditabur. Parameter pengamatan meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, jumlah daun, hasil panen segar, bobot kering eskip, serapan hara tanaman, dan analisis kimia tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk organik dan pupuk hayati tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman bawang merah, tetapi berpengaruh terhadap hasil umbi bawang merah. Dosis 3.000 kg/ha pupuk organik + 50 kg/ha pupuk hayati memberikan hasil bobot umbi kering eskip bawang merah paling tinggi, yaitu sebesar 23,22 kg/15 m2. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini bahwa penggunaan pupuk organik dan pupuk hayati dapat dilakukan sebagai cara untuk mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap pupuk kimia.