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Nipah virus (NiV) continues to remain a significant threat to health of the public, characterized by its ability to cause respiratory and neurological complications. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified NiV as a priority disease for its R and D Blueprint. However, despite extensive research efforts, specific antiviral therapies for NiV infection are currently unavailable. This highlights the crucial need to focus on supportive care for patients affected by the NiV. Therapies Prompt medical attention, including mechanical ventilation and intensive care, is crucial in case of NiV infection. Preventive measures such as avoiding consumption of raw date palm sap and implementing control of infection practices, gives a major role in halting the spread of NiV. This review provides a comprehensive overview of NiV, including its unique characteristics, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, treatment strategies, and preventive measures. The article also provides details on vaccines currently undergoing clinical trials, including ChAdOx1, PHV02, mRNA-1215, HeV-sG-V, and CD40.NiV. In addition, it highlights that the m102.4 monoclonal antibody and nucleotide analogue remdesivir has shown effective in the Non-Human Primate (NHP) model was also reviewed.

The development of science and technology as a digital world provides opportunities and challenges, one of which is the moral crisis for the younger generation, especially students who are agents of change, which means changing from bad things to good. This, of course, cannot be separated from the role and contribution of lecturers in instilling character in their students. So the purpose of this study is to describe the Contribution of Lecturers in Improving Student Ethics and Morals in the Digital Age According to an Axiological Perspective. The method used was a literature review, while the data was collected using careful observation techniques and then the contents were analyzed and finally concluded. The results of the study show that the Contribution of Lecturers in Improving Student Ethics and Morale in the Digital Age According to an Axiological Perspective includes instilling ethical and moral values, providing good examples and role models, implementing an integrated curriculum, wise use of technology, providing opportunities for discussion and reflection, providing feedback behind that builds, becomes a place for stories for students, and finally supports social activities.

Abstract Islamic law provides many methods for deciding a case, starting from the lafdziyah method to the makawiyah method carried out by four madzhab imams, one of whom is famous is Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal. This research aims to describe the history of the life and thoughts of Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal. The method used is qualitative with literature study techniques then descriptive analysis is carried out. The research results show that Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal is a Sunni Islamic cleric from Baghdad, Iraq. His thinking tends towards literalism and conservatism in the interpretation of religion. This is because the legal istinbath method used by him is based on Nash (Al-Quran and Sunnah), Fatwa of the Companions, Mursal hadith, dha'if hadith, and Qiyas. One example of the application of legal istinbath in fiqh carried out by Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal is regarding the law on female judges in Islam where he believes that women should not be judges based on Nash Al-Quran surah An-Nnisa verse 34. However, in the current era, it is less relevant if it continues to be implemented because the ability to become a leader, judge, or any other profession should not be based on gender. This is also in line with the thoughts of Yusuf Al-Qardawi and several contemporary scholars who have gender-friendly thoughts. Keywords: History of the Life; Thoughts; Imam; Ahmad bin Hanbal.

In the digital age, the shift from sliding learning to online learning has become a must, which forces educational institutions and pupils to adapt to the dynamics of technology. Using the Zoom Meeting online learning system as one of the learning media, it shows how important technology is in organizing learning to be more accessible and flexible. Students can easily attend online lectures or seminars anytime and anywhere. The selection of samples is done using purposive sampling, by selecting samples based on certain criteria that are already defined, namely active students of the Master of Management at Merdeka Malang University who use the Zoom Meeting application as a platform to learn online, as many as 115 respondents. The study collected data by sending questionnaires to respondents through Google Forms. The data was analyzed through three different approaches: descriptive analysis, classical assumptions, and double linear regression. The results showed that the three variables, namely system quality, information quality, and service quality, have an impact on the satisfaction of Zoom users. Among the three, the quality of service was found to have the greatest impact on improving user satisfaction.

Certain features such as typefaces can be associated with a preference for e-books or print books and vice versa. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal typeface for reading electronic books. This research uses quantitative methods. This study utilized a Quasi Experiment design , which will be presented below. Through the use of Pretest and Posttest and questionnaires. DIMP Class A and DIMP Class B were the research subjects. Roboto typefaces were used in this study. Homogeneity Test, Independent Sample T Test, Wilcoxon test, and Mann-Whitney test, as the final data analysis in this study. Serif and Sans-Serif Typefaces cannot be differentiated in terms of reading experience, according to the homogeneously distributed samples based on the t-test. As a consequence of the data not being homogeneously distributed or not normally distributed, the Pretest and Posttest data were not normally distributed. The Postets data, after the Mann-Whitney test, showed no difference in the reading experience when using these two fonts; whereas, the pre- and post-test data in the classes using the Wilcoxon test showed a difference, illustrating that the two fonts have different effects on the reading experience. Abstrak Fitur tertentu seperti Typefaces dapat dikaitkan dengan kesukaan terhadap buku elekronik atau buku cetak dan sebaliknya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan jenis huruf yang optimal untuk membaca buku elektronik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Quasi Experiment, yang akan dipaparkan di bawah ini. Melalui penggunaan Pretest dan Posttest dan kuesioner. Kelas DIMP A dan Kelas DIMP B adalah subjek penelitian. Typefaces Roboto digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Uji Homogenitas, Independent Sample T Test, uji Wilcoxon, dan uji Mann-Whitney, sebagai analisis data akhir pada penelitian ini. Jenis Typefaces Serif dan Sans-Serif tidak dapat dibedakan dalam hal pengalaman membacanya, menurut sampel yang terdistribusi secara homogen berdasarkan uji-t. Sebagai konsekuensi dari data yang tidak terdistribusi secara homogen atau tidak berdistribusi normal, maka data Pretest dan Posttest tidak terdistribusi secara normal. Data Postets, setelah uji Mann-Whitney, tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan dalam pengalaman membaca ketika menggunakan kedua jenis huruf ini; sedangkan, data sebelum dan sesudah tes di kelas-kelas yang menggunakan uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan adanya perbedaan, yang mengilustrasikan bahwa kedua jenis huruf tersebut memberikan efek yang berbeda terhadap pengalaman membaca.

Moral decadence in society is at an alarming level, reaching 63%. Character education is an educational practice that fosters student char-acter. This study aims to develop character education with four pillars and strengthen the moral formation. The approach in this study uses qualitative methods, with a case study in which the author conducts ob-servations, interviews, and documentation. The use of primary data with the subject of the principal and secondary data with the subject Vice principal for curriculum, madrasa commit, Extracurricular teacher and using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using four stages of Miles and Huberman and then tested, starting from credibility through triangulation, dependability and confirmability. The resulting study shows there are characteristics inside and outside of the school, inside exschool and outside, like discipline, courage, independence, responsi-bility, sportsmanship and mutual respect. When many characters adhere to the student consistently, indirectly, the student will become a good character and strengthen his mental. The implication of this research is that strong character will strengthen the mental of the student.

Context: Stem cell research has become popular in Indonesia for more than a decade. The scope of research involves in vitro to animal studies as well as human trials. However, no evidence proved its trend. Aims: To analyze the trends and patterns of stem cell research in Indonesia from 2003 to 2022 using a bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database. Methods: The data for the paper were retrieved from Scopus and then analyzed using bibliometrics. Statistical data analysis was performed. Results: The results showed that stem cell research in Indonesia has been increasing steadily over the years, with the majority of publications focusing on “Medicine”, “Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology” and “Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmaceutics”. It was found that a total of 260 related articles had been published. Rantam was identified as the most productive author, and the authorship network analysis identified nine clusters of authors. The keywords “stem cells”, “culture”, “proliferation”, “differentiation”, and “tissue engineering” were the most frequently used in the publications analyzed. Conclusions: Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the development of stem cell research in Indonesia and may inform future research and funding decisions in this field.

Objectives. This study is aimed at analyzing the impact of short-term Speed Endurance Soccer Training (SEST) training on the physical performance of young soccer players. Materials and methods. The true experiment method was used in this study. The study population comprised a total of 122 individuals. Furthermore, by using random sampling techniques, a sample of 30 persons was selected with an average age of 15.2 ± 0.81 years, height 168.1 ± 4.82 cm, weight 57.85 ± 11.93 kg, and BMI 20.34 ± 3.37. Physical performance instruments included the Running Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST), Yo-Yo intermittent test level 1, 20-meter sprint, and standing broad jump test. The study used the paired t-test to evaluate the effect of each group and the independent samples t-test to compare the improvement in the experimental (SEST) and control groups. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results. The paired t-test showed significant differences between the pretest and post-test in the SEST group in anaerobic (p = .000, Δ% = 8.4), aerobic (p = .000, Δ% = 7.48), and speed (p = .000, Δ% = 3.39) capacities. Meanwhile, there were no considerable differences in the variables for the control group. According to the independent t-test results, a significant difference in effect between the SEST group and the CTRL group was revealed. The SEST group demonstrated marked differences in anaerobic, aerobic and speed variables with a p-value = 0.000. Conclusions. The study reveals that short-term Speed Endurance Soccer Training contributes to enhancing the physical performance of soccer players. However, caution should be exercised regarding the potential risk of hamstring injury in individuals with unprepared muscles.

Solar collector plates are integral components for efficient solar heat transfer. While various metallic materials can serve as collector plates, aluminum stands out as a commonly employed choice with thermal conductivity comparable to copper and zinc. The material's thermal conductivity significantly impacts the heat transfer efficiency from sunlight to the collector. Moreover, the surface configuration of the plate is a crucial factor affecting solar heat absorption. This study investigates the utilization of corrugated collector plates made from two materials, aluminum and zinc-coated steel. The solar collector testing phase covers the dry and rainy seasons in Indonesia, thereby providing a comprehensive evaluation in various weather conditions. There are two stages of solar collector testing, namely testing before it is used to heat water and testing to heat water. Radiation data show seasonal variations, with higher radiation observed in the dry season. Evaluation of the performance of the solar collector before being used to heat water resulted in an average efficiency of 41.45 % for aluminum and 33.94 % for zinc-coated steel. Meanwhile, evaluation of the performance of solar collectors used to heat water produces an average efficiency of 20.40 % for aluminum and 10.47 % for zinc-coated steel. Corrugated aluminum solar collectors exhibited promising absorber potential, while zinc-coated steel demonstrated economic viability due to its lower cost compared to aluminum. The research underscores the potential applicability of solar collectors made from both materials throughout different seasons.

Exploration of the utilization of plant-based natural materials as raw materials for medicines is still being carried out today. Various secondary metabolite compounds from plants have been found in recent decades, one of which is Alpinia galanga L. (greater galangal). The world community has long recognized the Alpinia galanga L. plant as a raw material for traditional medicinal herbs that can help cure several diseases, such as ulcers, headaches, rheumatism, migraines, and diabetes mellitus. Knowledge of the potential of medicinal ingredients from derivatives of metabolite compounds in Alpinia galanga L. has continued in this modern era by researchers through the science of herbal medicine. Researchers have found that all parts of this plant, including leaves, roots, stems, flowers, and rhizomes, have secondary metabolite compounds that have the potential to be developed for medicine. One part that contains an abundance of secondary metabolites, such as 1,8-cineole, α-fenchyl acetate, β-farnesene, β-bisabolene, α-bergamotene, β-pinene, 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACE), galangin, phenylpropanoid, and β-sitosterol diglucoside (AG-7), is the rhizome. Research related to the bioactivity test of these secondary metabolite compounds is still being conducted by researchers to reveal other amazing potentials of Alpinia galanga L. Therefore, this review article provides information related to the ethnomedicinal profile, phytochemicals, and various medical potentials of Alpinia galanga L.

Although first identified 120 years ago, knowledge of the Toalean technoculture of Middle Holocene Sulawesi, Indonesia, remains limited. Previous research has emphasised the exploitation of largely terrestrial resources by hunter-gatherers on the island. The recent recovery of two modified tiger shark teeth from the Maros-Pangkep karsts of South Sulawesi, however, offers new insights. The authors combine use-wear and residue analyses with ethnographic and experimental data to indicate the use of these artefacts as hafted blades within conflict and ritual contexts, revealing hitherto undocumented technological and social practices among Toalean hunter-gatherers. The results suggest these artefacts constitute some of the earliest archaeological evidence for the use of shark teeth in composite weapons. Keywords: Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Toalean, weapons, residue analysis, use-wear, hafting, Introduction Between c. 8000 and 1500 years ago, the south-western peninsula of Sulawesi was home to the Toalean hunter-gatherers, a group identified from characteristic archaeological assemblages first excavated in 1902 [...]

The growing global population challenges the food industry to ensure it remains safe for consumption. Food waste caused by imbalances between production and handling creates significant economic, environmental, and social risks. However, packaging technology innovation has emerged as a powerful tool, offering a solution by extending shelf life and maintaining food product quality. Consumers' increasing interest in eco-friendly packaging has driven research into renewable materials and low-toxicity bioactive components. Gallic acid, a promising phenolic compound, holds potential for food preservation and sustainable packaging development. Its antibacterial and antifungal properties against resistant microbes and biofilm formation, its ability to prevent lipid and protein oxidation, and its potential as a color indicator for monitoring food freshness all contribute to food preservation. Its incorporation into edible polymers offers a strategy for innovative edible packaging. Depending on the dosage and material composition, loading gallic acid within the polymer matrix can improve packaging properties, including UV barrier, mechanical strength, and water vapor and oxygen permeability. This article reviews the potential of gallic acid for developing biodegradable, active, intelligent, and edible packaging. Future directions include evaluating gallic acid's toxicity, dispersion within the matrix, pro-oxidative activity, compatibility with biodegradable polymers (especially those derived from agricultural by-products), migration into food products, and stability under different environmental conditions. The sustainability perspective (environment, economic, and social) is also discussed.

Employability is an important factor that can determine the quality of prospective graduates, especially in vocational high schools. Therefore, vocational high schools, as one of the educational institutions that prepare workforce resources, need to pay attention to factors that can increase their students' employability. This study aims to empirically examine the role of self-efficacy and the peer interaction on student employability. The subjects of this study were 132 students at Vocational High School Muhammadiyah Prambanan. The data were collected through an employability scale, a self-efficacy scale, and a peer interaction scale. The data were then analyzed with multiple linear regression techniques. The results showed that: 1) Simultaneously, there was a very significant role that self-efficacy and peer interaction have on employability with p=0.000 (p<0.01); 2) Partially, there was also a very significant role that self-efficacy has on employability with p=0.000 (p<0.01); 3) Peer interaction also had a partially significant role on employability with p=0.001 (p<0.01). Both self-efficacy and peer interaction simultaneously contributed 40.8% to employability, but self-efficacy had a more dominant role (26.7%) than peer interactions (14.1%).

HIV-2 infection is a unique concern with fewer cases than HIV-1, but it poses a high mortality rate due to its resistance to all HIV-1 antiretroviral treatments. This study focuses on one type of antiretroviral, reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors, as they play an important role in HIV-2 replication. The screening of potential HIV-2 antiretroviral candidates was carried out using compounds from elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) flower extract. There is a lack of research on the antiviral potential of elderberry flower extracts, particularly in HIV-2; therefore, this study is important to explain the molecular mechanism underlying the potential of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) flower extracts to inhibit RT activity in HIV-2 through bioinformatics simulations. This study uses the in silico method, involving sample preparation in the database, drug-like molecular prediction through the server, molecular docking simulation, chemical bond interaction analysis, and three-dimensional structure visualization. Isorhamnetin has the most negative binding affinity of -9.9 kcal/mol compared to other compounds. It interacts with the HIV-2 RT domain at residues Trp4(B), Pro25(B), Asn137(B), Pro133(B), Gln23(B), Pro140(B), Leu21(B), Ile90(A), Thr131(B), Asn57(B), Arg22(B), and Glu89(A) with hydrophobic bond interactions. Hydrogen bond interactions are formed at the positions of Ser134(B), Gly141(B), and Thr88(A). Isorhamnetin from elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) flower extract could be a potential HIV-2 antiretroviral candidate because it has the most negative binding affinity and the formation of hydrophobic hydrogen bond interactions on the RT domain.

Dengue virus (DENV) is still global problem and infecting millions of people a year. This virus belongs to Flavivirus and consists of the structural and non-structural proteins including envelop (E), capsid (C), NS2B/NS3, and NS5. Garcinia atroviridis Griff. ex T. Anders is traditional plant that has broad potential as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-cancer activities. However, the anti-DENV potential of this plant is uncertain. The objective of this research is to find out the potential of the phytochemical compounds of G. atroviridis as DENV antiviral drugs targeting E, C, NSB2/NS3, and NS5 proteins using molecular simulation approach. Sample retrieval was obtained from PubChem and RCSB PDB. Drug-likeness analysis has been assessed with Swiss ADME based on the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics aspects. Toxicity prediction was done by pkCSM webserver. PyRx was carried out to screen ligand-protein interaction virtually. Visualization of the best interaction was displayed by BIOVIA Discovery Studio. CABS-flex 2.0 version webserver was performed to predict stability interaction. Atroviridin was determined as the most promising as DENV antiviral to be tested by the wet laboratory approach.

The number of suicide cases in Indonesia, a country where Muslims constitute the majority of the population, has unquestionably surprised some Muslims. In Islam, it is prescribed that people should not take another person's life, especially their own. This research uses a literature approach. The purpose of this research is to explore more deeply about mental illness in Hamka's perspective. In essence, every human being can contract mental illness, the only difference is that not all of these problems end in suicide. It can be concluded that according to Hamka, the center of the phenomenon of mental illness is centered on one condition, namely human closeness to God. Humans who have mental health problems (mental illness) are encouraged to get back to know God who created them, follow all things that are commanded, and stay away from things that are prohibited in the Qur'ān.

Malaria poses serious problems in countries located in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for approximately 90 % of malaria-related deaths worldwide. Therefore, alternative treatments are required to effectively reduce the number of malaria cases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore alternative malaria treatments by identifying compounds targeting P. falciparum plasmepsin X and characterizing the interactions under various temperatures. Molecular docking was used to evaluate interactions between polyphenolic compounds from Saussurea pulchella and plasmepsin X, followed by stability analyses using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Selected compounds were analyzed for biological activity, reactivity, and toxicity. RMSD (root mean square deviation), RMSF (root mean square fluctuation), Rg (radius of gyration), SASA (solvent-accessible surface area), and H-bonds were evaluated. Furthermore, MM-PBSA (molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area), PCA (principal component analysis), and DCCM (dynamic cross-correlation matrix) were use to evaluate effects of various temperatures. Pinoresinol 4-glucoside had a binding energy of 10.006 kcal/mol and was predicted to be nontoxic. MD simulations of pinoresinol 4-glucoside were conducted at different temperatures (298 K, 300 K, 305 K, 310 K, and 320 K) over a trajectory of 150 ns, revealing a strong binding energy using the MM-PBSA method. Our findings suggest that pinoresinol 4-glucoside is an alternative treatment for malaria and should be further evaluated at the laboratory and clinical levels.

Context: Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is used in traditional medicine as an antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. Aims: To determine the molecular mechanism and potential of garciniaxanthone derivate compounds from G. mangostana as SARS-CoV-2 antiviral and prevent cytokine storm through in silico approach. Methods: Ligand and protein samples were obtained from databases such as PubChem and Protein Databank, then drug-likeness analysis using Lipinski, Ghose, Veber, Egan, and Muege rules on SwissADME server, prediction of antiviral probability through PASSOnline server. Furthermore, molecular docking simulation with PyRx v1.0 software (Scripps Research, USA) with an academic license, identification of interactions and chemical bond positions of ligands on the target by PoseView server, 3D visualization of PyMOLv.2.5.2 software (Schrödinger, Inc., USA) with an academic license, molecular dynamics simulation for molecular stability prediction by CABS-flex v2.0 server, target prediction of antiviral candidate compounds by SwissTargetPrediction server, pathway analysis through STRING v11.5 database, and toxicity by ProTox-II server were used. Results: Garciniaxanthone C from G. mangostana was found to be a drug-like molecule with low toxicity. This can be a candidate for SARS-Cov-2 antiviral through inhibitor activity on two viral enzymes consisting of Mpro and replicase with a binding affinity value that is more negative than other garciniaxanthone derivates and is stable. Garciniaxanthone C is predicted to bind and inhibit pro-inflammatory proteins that trigger cytokine storms, such as NFKB1 and PTGS2. Conclusions: Garciniaxanthone derivative compounds from G. mangostana may be candidates for SARS-CoV-2 antiviral and preventing cytokine storm through garciniaxanthone C activity.

The study purpose was to analyze the effectiveness of the different effects of knee tuck jump and hurdle jump plyometric training using beach sand on power and leg muscle strength in young adult males. Materials and methods. A total of 30 young adult males were enrolled in this study and were given plyometric knee tuck jump training (KTJT), and plyometric hurdle jump training (HJPT). Plyometric training is carried out with an intensity of 80-100% of 1RM, three sets with 12 repetitions each set, with a frequency of three times each week for six weeks. The measurement of leg muscle power uses the Jump Meter Digital (MD) Test, while the measurement of leg muscle strength uses the Back & Leg Dynamometer. Statistical analysis used one-way ANOVA and continued with the Least Significant Difference (LSD) post hoc test. Results. The results of the analysis are as follows: the mean ∆ increase in muscle power on CTRL (12.92±2.51 joule) vs. KTJT (142.88±35.21 joule) vs. HJPT (269.49±138.06 joule), (p=0.000). The mean ∆ increase in muscle strength on CTRL (11.61±1.49 kg) vs. KTJT (75.49±18.53 kg) vs. HJPT (137.43±34.13 kg), (p=0.000). Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that both types of plyometric training improve power and strength in young adult males.