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This research aimed at finding out; (1) types of code-switching used by English teachers in foreign language classroom, (2) the factors triggering the English teachers to use code-switching in the classroom, and (3) the functions of code-switching used by English teachers in the classroom. This research was conducted through descriptive qualitative method. The samples of the research consisted of 6 English teachers. In order to gather the data, the researcher used three instruments of research, they were: classroom observation, recorder, and interview. The types of code-switching appearing in the classroom were observed based on the theory proposed by Poplack, while the factors triggering the teachers to use code-switching in the classroom proposed by Holmes‟ theory, and the functions of code-switching in the classroom were perceived through the functions proposed by Sert. Moreover, to interpret the data gathered, the researcher analyzed them through three steps of analysis by using mode from Miles and Huberman, they were: data reduction, data description, and data classification. The findings indicated that the types of code-switching were simply found in three types: (a) inter-sentential code-switching (without inserting new information and which inserts new information), (b) intra-sentential code- switching (translation or word/phrase substitution within a sentence), and (d) tag- switching (interactional fillers code-switching). The factors triggering the English teachers to use code-switching in the classroom was found for four reasons, they are: (a) rhetoric reason, (b) differences of status and formalities, (c) quote other statements or proverbs, and (d) lack of vocabulary. And other factors gather from the classroom setting are: (a) the students‟ ability in English are not the same, (b) code-switching emerges automatically or unconsciously, and (c) helping the students to share their ideas. Moreover, the functions of code-switching used by English teachers in the classroom were found for three functions; (a) topic switch, (b) affective function, and (c) repetitive function.

This research is a study about adjacency pairs and preference organization which are uttering a conversation between Ariel Wengroff’s with Malala Yousafzai. The objectives this study are to find out kinds of adjacency pairs and preference organization on Ariel Wengroff’s conversation with Malala Yousafzai. This research is qualitative research which describes and explains the analysis by using the words. The principle information of the research is a script of interview between presenter Ariel Wengroff and Malala Yousafzai. The data were video and script which took place at the UN headquarters in New York published on April 27, 2017 and the duration was 8:36 minute. The video was transcribed into the script and discovered that there were 12 turns. At that point it was analyzed dependent on theory by Paltridge about adjacency pairs. From the data it was founded that there were 6 adjacency pairs that consisted of 2 pairs of question – answer, and 4 pair of assessment – agreement. There were also 6 preference organization that consisted of 6 preferred responses on the conversation. Keywords: Analysis, Adjacency, Preference Organization

This researched to determine and analyze the effect of the snake ladder media Numbered Head Together (NHT) learning model to increase the learning interest of Grade II students at SDN Menur Mranggen Demak. This type of research was quantitative in the form of Pre-Experimental Design with the type of One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Data obtained through observation, documentation, tests, questionnaires, and interviews. The background of this study is due to the lack of use of models and instructional media which results in less interesting learning and was an impact on students' interest in learning and student learning outcomes on Indonesian subjects. The results of the analysis of student learning interest questionnaire data showed that the average pretest was 57.88. After being treated with this learning model, the posttest mean increased to 71.70. While the analysis of student learning outcomes data obtained an average pretest value of 62.59 and the average posttest value of 79.62. The conclusion was that there is a significant influence on the snake ladder's Numbered Head Together (NHT) learning model to increase the interest in learning in class II SDN Menur Mranggen Demak.