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Air pollution poses a significant global concern, notably impacting pregnancy outcomes through mechanisms such as DNA damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, and altered miRNA expression, all of which can adversely affect trophoblast functions. Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala, known for its abundance of anthocyanins with diverse biological activities including anti-mutagenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, is the focus of this study examining its effect on Particulate Matter 10 (PM10) soluble extract-induced trophoblast cell dysfunction via miRNA expression. The study involved the extraction of C. nervosum fruit using 70% ethanol, followed by fractionation with hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate. Subsequent testing for total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity revealed the ethyl acetate fraction (CN-EtOAcF) as possessing the highest phenolic and anthocyanin content along with potent antioxidant activity, prompting its selection for further investigation. In vitro studies on HTR-8/SVneo cells demonstrated that 5–10 µg/mL PM10 soluble extract exposure inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced apoptosis. However, pretreatment with 20–80 µg/mL CN-EtOAcF followed by 5 µg/mL PM10 soluble extract exposure exhibited protective effects against PM10 soluble extract-induced damage, including inflammation inhibition and intracellular ROS suppression. Notably, CN-EtOAcF down-regulated PM10-induced miR-146a-5p expression, with SOX5 identified as a potential target. Overall, CN-EtOAcF demonstrated the potential to protect against PM10-induced harm in trophoblast cells, suggesting its possible application in future therapeutic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Increased interest in phenolic compounds is largely due to findings of their association with antioxidant, antimutagenic, antibacterial, anticarcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities with reduced risk of free radicals related diseases. Local vegetables of Thailand were examined for antioxidant activity, total phenolics and isoflavone contents. Methods: Thirty edible leaf and 13 other-parts of vegetable plants were collected from the markets in Northern Thailand for analysis of antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS assays), total phenolics, and isoflavones. Results: The antioxidant activity for DPPH assay and total phenolics of edible leaf vegetables (EC50 = 541.2±498.9 µg/mL and 2438.7±3342.7 µg GAE/g dry extract respectively) were significantly higher than those of the other edible plant parts (EC50 = 1315.5±1303.4 µg/mL and 1263.3±3281.7 µg GAE/g dry extract respectively). Ten types of edible leaf vegetables and only one example of plant part, namely ginger, exhibited high antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activities for DPPH and ABTS assays were associated with total phenolics concentration. Conclusion: Antioxidant activity and total phenolics of Thai edible leaf vegetables were higher than those of other edible plant parts. The Thai copper pod showed the highest levels of total phenolics and isoflavones, and strong antioxidant activity. Further investigation should be undertaken to examine the active mechanisms of these properties in relations to health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]