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Chloride-ion solid electrolytes have been widely investigated as the core components of membranes, gas sensors, and all-solid-state batteries with high energy densities. Several fast chloride-ion solid electrolytes operating at ambient-to-intermediate temperatures have been reported, ranging from inorganic metal chlorides and metal–organic compounds to complexes. However, these chlorides have the major drawback of being thermally and chemically unstable, and design strategies for chloride-ion conductors have not yet been developed compared with those for cation conducting solids, which restricts their practical applications. Here, we report that water-insoluble and thermally stable borate chloride (Ca1−xLax)2B5O9Cl1+2x exhibits one-dimensional chloride-ion transport defined by the dimensionality of an open borate framework. Experimental and first-principles molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the predominant chloride-ion conduction is attributed to cooperative diffusion through interstitial chloride sites. This conduction is also strongly influenced by the association with La species. These results show that the rational design of chloride-ion channels and conduction paths based on the dimensionality of the borate framework would provide a new direction for the development of the variety and conducting properties of chemically and thermally stable chloride-ion solid electrolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pt/La1−xBixOF/SBA-16 (SBA-16: Santa Barbara Amorphous no. 16) catalysts were prepared to produce dihydroxyacetone (DHA) from glycerol under moderate conditions. By using 7 wt% Pt/16 wt% La0.95Bi0.05OF/SBA-16, the DHA yield reached up to 78.4% (glycerol conversion: 100%) after reacting for 6 h at 30 °C in an atmospheric open-air system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel ZrSn1−xCoxO4−δ catalysts for the direct decomposition of nitrous oxide (N2O) were synthesized using a co‐precipitation method. Metastable ZrSnO4 with an α‐PbO2‐type structure was used as the mother solid because of its interstitial open spaces derived from its lattice distortion that may be effective for N2O adsorption. The doping of Co2+/3+ into the ZrSnO4 lattice improved the N2O decomposition activity, likely owing to the enhancement of the redox properties and the increase in the number of oxygen vacancies. Among the prepared catalysts, Zr1.17Sn0.73Co0.10O4−δ exhibited the highest activity decomposing N2O completely decomposed at 550°C. In addition, the Zr1.17Sn0.73Co0.10O4−δ catalyst showed high durability in the presence of CO2, O2, and H2O vapor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel catalysts of Pt/La1−xBixOF/SBA‐16 (SBA‐16: Santa Barbara Amorphous No. 16) were synthesized, and their catalytic activities for phenol decomposition in the liquid phase were investigated. Lanthanum oxyfluoride (LaOF) was selected as the promoter due to its contribution to the smooth migration of oxygen species in the lattice and the acceleration of phenol adsorption on the catalyst surface. Reducible Bi3+ ions were introduced in the LaOF lattice to provide oxygen supply ability to LaOF. Among the prepared catalysts, the highest activity was obtained for the 7 wt% Pt/16 wt% La0.99Bi0.01OF/SBA‐16 catalyst, which could remove 97% of phenol after 5 h of reaction at 80°C in an open‐air atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective glyceric acid production from glycerol was demonstrated under mild conditions in an open-air system at room temperature in the absence of base or oxygen gas flow by employing a Pt/CeO2–ZrO2–Fe2O3/Santa Barbara Amorphous No. 16 (SBA-16) catalyst. At a low loading amount of CeO2–ZrO2–Fe2O3 (16 wt%Ce0.64Zr0.16Fe0.20O2−δ/SBA-16), the oxygen release and storage abilities and high acidity of the catalyst afforded a high glyceraldehyde yield, owing to the enhancement of the oxidation ability of the Pt activator and the acceleration of the desorption of glyceraldehyde. The increase in CeO2–ZrO2–Fe2O3 loading amount further improved the oxygen release and storage abilities and lowered the catalyst acidity induced by crystallite growth and particle aggregation. The high oxygen release and storage abilities, as well as the low acidity, contributed to the high glyceric acid yield; the highest activity for glyceric acid production was obtained for the 7 wt%Pt/40 wt%Ce0.64Zr0.16Fe0.20O2−δ/SBA-16 catalyst. The glyceric acid yield increased up to 68.2% after 10 h of reaction in atmospheric air at 30°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The size effect of the ZrO2 support on the catalytic activity for the liquid-phase oxidation of phenol was demonstrated over Pt/CeO2-ZrO2-Bi2O3/ZrO2-X catalysts. Here, we selected six types of size-controlled ZrO2-X (X: A–F) (ZrO2-A: 35 nm, ZrO2-B: 22 nm, ZrO2-C: 14 nm, ZrO2-D: 11 nm, ZrO2-E: 9 nm, and ZrO2-F: 2 nm). The surface area of the ZrO2-X support was inversely proportional to the particle size of ZrO2. ZrO2-X (X: A–E) were crystalline phases, while ZrO2-F was amorphous phase. For Pt/CeO2-ZrO2-Bi2O3/ZrO2-X (X: A–E) catalysts, the smaller particle size of the crystalline ZrO2 (X: A–E) support resulted in a larger catalyst surface area, which in turn led to enhanced oxygen release and storage abilities of the CeO2-ZrO2-Bi2O3 promoter, and allowed for the oxidation of Pt0 to Pt2+ with high activity. The highest activity was obtained for the Pt/CeO2-ZrO2-Bi2O3/ZrO2-E catalyst, which had the largest surface area and the highest oxygen release and storage abilities; phenol was completely removed after a reaction time of 10 h at 80°C under atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of the Bi3+ introduction and the oxygen release and storage abilities on selective oxidation of glycerol into dihydroxyacetone (DHA) were demonstrated using Pt/CeO2-ZrO2-Bi2O3-SnO2/SBA-16 (SBA-16: Santa Barbara Amorphous No. 16) catalysts. By introducing Bi3+ or Sn4+/2+ ions into the CeO2-ZrO2 promoter, the oxygen release and storage abilities were enhanced, which led to increased glycerol conversion. The improvement in the DHA yield was affected by the introduction of Bi3+, which might accelerate selective oxidation of a secondary hydroxy group in glycerol caused by the geometric effect. The highest activity was obtained for Pt/Ce0.64Zr0.16Bi0.15Sn0.05O2−δ/SBA-16, which showed high oxygen release and storage abilities and a high number of Bi3+ ions, with the DHA yield increasing to 53% and high rates of glycerol conversion (74%) and DHA selectivity (72%) after reaction at a moderate temperature of 30 °C for 4 h in atmospheric air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]