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• Portuguese Iberian and Brazilian Iberian-derived locally adapted breeds studied. • Genetic architecture of Portuguese iberian cattle were observed. • Portuguese breeds appear to have influenced Brazilian locally adapted population. • Indicine breeds also seem to have influenced Brazilian locally adapted population. • Brazilian locally adapted and Portuguese breeds as an enormous genetic reservoir. The domestication of bovines has given rise to distinct phenotypes resulting in diverse breeds worldwide. Subsequent artificial selection has further enriched the complexity and diversity to cattle sub-species adapting them to their various purposes and evolving environment. Among these cattle sub-species, native Portuguese cattle breeds are considered a repository of biodiversity shaped by genetic and environmental effects accumulated over the years. In Brazil, taurine animals were introduced between the 16th and 17th centuries by the European conquerors to be used for food, leather, and animal traction. Through generations of casual crossings in diverse ecosystems, these animals became adapted to a wide range of environments and displaying varying levels of phenotypic variability and improved fitness to local conditions, hereafter recognized as Iberian-derived Locally Adapted breeds. Thus, we focused in assess 13 cattle breeds representing two geographic origins: Portuguese Iberian cattle and Brazilian Iberian-derived Locally Adapted breeds. The aim is to understand the genetic architecture of Brazilian Iberian-derived Locally Adapted breeds and their potential relationship with Portuguese Iberian cattle and Brazilian indicine breeds. In our study, we observed varying extents of linkage disequilibrium across the evaluated breeds, along with differences in effective population size. Runs of homozygosity analyses revealed different genes associated with common traits, even within a cluster group. For instance, genes related to immune response, such as MAVS (Mertolenga), DTX (Barrosã), ZBTB16 (Brava de Lide), DUSP22 (Pantaneiro), and IL7R (Caracu Dairy and Caracu Beef). Overall, our results highlight that both populations studied, with their specificities, are crucial sources of animal genetic resource of animal genetic resources for food and agriculture. While consanguineous matings are somehow controlled in both Portuguese Iberian and Brazilian Iberian-derived Locally Adapted breeds, our analysis of genetic variability suggests that ongoing precautions are necessary in the management of these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensity modulated particle therapy (IMPT) can produce highly conformal plans, but is limited in advanced lung cancer patients with multiple lesions due to motion and planning complexity. A 4D IMPT optimization including all motion states was expanded to include multiple targets, where each target (isocenter) is designated to specific field(s). Furthermore, to achieve stereotactic treatment planning objectives, target and OAR weights plus objective doses were automatically iteratively adapted. Finally, 4D doses were calculated for different motion scenarios. The results from our algorithm were compared to clinical stereotactic body radiation treatment (SBRT) plans. The study included eight patients with 24 lesions in total. Intended dose regimen for SBRT was 24 Gy in one fraction, but lower fractionated doses had to be delivered in three cases due to OAR constraints or failed plan quality assurance. The resulting IMPT treatment plans had no significant difference in target coverage compared to SBRT treatment plans. Average maximum point dose and dose to specific volume in OARs were on average 65% and 22% smaller with IMPT. IMPT could also deliver 24 Gy in one fraction in a patient where SBRT was limited due to the OAR vicinity. The developed algorithm shows the potential of IMPT in treatment of multiple moving targets in a complex geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]