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Introdução: A pandemia de COVID-19 teve um impacto significativo na saúde mental dos enfermeiros que trabalham em contexto hospitalar. Estes profissionais, enfrentaram uma série de desafios psicológicos, incluindo stress, ansiedade, burnout, depressão e sintomas de transtornos de saúde mental, pelo fato de estarem expostos ao risco de contrair a doença, bem como ao stress emocional causado por cuidar de pacientes graves e lidar com a morte. Além disso, muitos enfermeiros confrontaram-se com o impacto da fadiga, do horário de trabalho prolongado e da sobrecarga de trabalho, o que contribuiu para o aumento do stress e da ansiedade. A falta de equipamento de proteção adequado e recursos financeiros, bem como a sobrecarga de trabalho, a falta de suporte emocional e de recursos psicológicos também influenciaram negativamente a saúde mental dos enfermeiros. Objetivo: Analisar o impacto que a pandemia de COVID-19 teve na ansiedade dos enfermeiros trabalhando em contexto hospitalar. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa da literatura que utilizou a mnemónica PICO para compilar a pergunta de investigação. Procedeu-se à pesquisa de artigos na plataforma EBSCOhost, selecionando-se artigos publicados entre janeiro de 2010 e dezembro de 2022 nas bases de dados MEDLINE complete e CINAHL complete. Foram selecionados seis artigos e seguiram-se as recomendações do método Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses – PRISMA. Resultados: a pandemia de COVID-19 teve um impacto significativo na ansiedade dos enfermeiros em contexto hospitalar. A exposição ao risco de contrair a doença, o stress emocional causado por cuidar de doentes graves e lidar com a morte, bem como a falta de equipamento de proteção adequado, foram fatores que contribuíram para aumentar a ansiedade dos enfermeiros. Foram também observadas variações no impacto da pandemia na ansiedade dos enfermeiros, dependendo de variáveis biológicas e sociodemográficas, como idade, género, estado civil e nível de stress prévio. Os anos de serviço na profissão e o nível de satisfação com o trabalho foram também fatores preditores. Conclusão: Destacou-se a necessidade de se fornecer suporte e recursos aos enfermeiros durante a pandemia, a fim de mitigar seu impacto na ansiedade e na saúde mental. É importante considerar as variáveis biológicas e sociodemográficas ao planear medidas de apoio, a fim de atender às necessidades específicas de cada enfermeiro. Palavras-chave: Ansiedade; Coronavírus; Enfermeiros; Hospital, Saúde mental; Trabalho, Revista Ibero-Americana de Saúde e Envelhecimento, Vol 9, No 1 (2023): RIASE

7 páginas.- 4 figuras.- 32 referencias.- Supplementary materials: science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abq4062 Materials and Methods Figs. S1 to S19 Tables S1 to S28 References (33–269) MDAR Reproducibility Checklist Movie S1.- Grazing represents the most extensive use of land worldwide. Yet its impacts on ecosystem services remain uncertain because pervasive interactions between grazing pressure, climate, soil properties, and biodiversity may occur but have never been addressed simultaneously. Using a standardized survey at 98 sites across six continents, we show that interactions between grazing pressure, climate, soil, and biodiversity are critical to explain the delivery of fundamental ecosystem services across drylands worldwide. Increasing grazing pressure reduced ecosystem service delivery in warmer and speciespoor drylands, whereas positive effects of grazing were observed in colder and species-rich areas. Considering interactions between grazing and local abiotic and biotic factors is key for understanding the fate of dryland ecosystems under climate change and increasing human pressure. Copyright © 2022 the authors, Grazing represents the most extensive use of land worldwide. Yet its impacts on ecosystem services remain uncertain because pervasive interactions between grazing pressure, climate, soil properties, and biodiversity may occur but have never been addressed simultaneously. Using a standardized survey at 98 sites across six continents, we show that interactions between grazing pressure, climate, soil, and biodiversity are critical to explain the delivery of fundamental ecosystem services across drylands worldwide. Increasing grazing pressure reduced ecosystem service delivery in warmer and species-poor drylands, whereas positive effects of grazing were observed in colder and species-rich areas. Considering interactions between grazing and local abiotic and biotic factors is key for understanding the fate of dryland ecosystems under climate change and increasing human pressure. Copyright © 2022 the authors, Funding: This research was funded by the European Research Council [ERC grant agreement 647038 (BIODESERT)] and Generalitat Valenciana (CIDEGENT/2018/ 041). F.T.M. acknowledges support from a Rei Jaume I Award, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, and the Synthesis Center (sDiv) of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle–Jena–Leipzig (iDiv). C.A.G., S.C., and N.E. acknowledge support from iDiv and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG– FZT 118, 202548816; Flexpool proposal 34600850). Y.L.B.-P. was supported by a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions Individual Fellowship (MSCA-IF) within the European Program Horizon 2020 (DRYFUN Project 656035). N.G. was supported by CAP 20-25 (16-IDEX-0001) and the AgreenSkills+ fellowship program, which has received funding from the EU’s Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement N° FP7-609398 (AgreenSkills+ contract). B.B. and B.E. were supported by the Taylor Family–Asia Foundation Endowed Chair in Ecology and Conservation Biology. J.D., A.Ro., and H.C. acknowledge support from the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (IF/00950/ 2014 and 2020.03670.CEECIND, SFRH/BDP/108913/2015, and in the scope of the framework contract foreseen in the numbers 4-6 of the article 23, of the Decree-Law 57/2016, August 29, changed by Law 57/2017, July 19, respectively), as well as from the MCTES, FSE, UE, and the CFE (UIDB/04004/2020) research unit financed by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC). C.P. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (ref. AGL201675762-R, AEI/FEDER, UE, and PID2020-116578RB-I00, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement no. 101000224. E.V. was funded by the 2017 program for attracting and retaining talent of Comunidad de Madrid (no. 2017‐T2/ AMB‐5406). M.A.B. acknowledges support from the School of Forestry and College of the Environment, Forestry and Natural Sciences of Northern Arizona University. E.H.-S. acknowledges support from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (SEP-CB-2015-01-251388, PN 2017-5036 and PRONAII 319059). F.M.H. acknowledges support from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq - PCI/INMA) of the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI, processes number 302381/2020-1). H.L.T. acknowledges support from the US National Science Foundation (NSF) (DEB 0953864). A.N. and M.K. acknowledge support from the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/130274/2017, CEECIND/02453/2018/CP1534/CT0001, PTDC/ASP-SIL/7743/2020 and UIDB/00329/2020). A.A.C. acknowledges support from the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. J.E.K. and T.P.M. acknowledge the National Research Foundation of South Africa (grant no. 114412). F.J. and N.B. acknowledge support from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) in the framework of the SPACES projects OPTIMASS (FKZ: 01LL1302A) and ORYCS (FKZ:01LL1804A). A.Li. and A.S.K.F. acknowledge support from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) in the framework of the SPACES projects Limpopo Living Landscapes (FKZ: 01LL1304D) and SALLnet (FKZ: 01LL1802C). L.W. acknowledges support from the US NSF (EAR 1554894). L.H.F. acknowledges support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Industrial Research Chair Program in Ecosystem Reclamation. S.C.R. acknowledges support from the US Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area and the US Bureau of Land Management. G.M.W. acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council. L.v.d.B. and K.T. acknowledge support from the German Research Foundation (DFG) priority research program SPP-1803 “EarthShape: Earth Surface Shaping by Biota” (TI 338/14-1). M.D.-B. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the I+D+i project PID2020-115813RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. M.D.-B. is also supported by a project of the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 Objetivo temático “01 - Refuerzo de la investigación, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación”) associated with the research project P20_00879 (ANDABIOMA). P.J.R. and A.J.M. acknowledge support from Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional through the FEDER Andalucía operative program, FEDER-UJA 1261180 project. A.F. thanks ANID PIA/BASAL FB210006 and Millennium Science Initiative Program NCN2021-050. A.J. acknowledges support from the Bavarian Research Alliance Germany (BayIntAn_UBT_2017_61). C.B. acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 41971131). Biodiversity and ecosystem function research in the B.K.S. laboratory is funded by the Australian Research Council (DP210102081). Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this paper is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. H.S. is supported by a María Zambrano fellowship funded by the Ministry of Universities and European Union-Next Generation plan. G.P. and C.V.L. acknowledge support from Universidad Nacional de Río Negro (PI 40-C-873 and 654). V.R. acknowledges support from the Regional Government of Extremadura (Spain) through a “Talento” fellowship (TA18022). M.F. acknowledges support from the Department of Range and Watershed Management, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. Participation of recent graduates in collecting field data at four sites in Namibia was supported by a capacity building grant to Gobabeb–Namib Research Institute by the Environmental Investment Fund in Namibia.

Seed dispersal by ants is an important ecological process that maintains the structure and diversity of natural communities, however, it is vulnerable to biological invasions. Argentine ants are one of the worst invasive ant species and cause severe changes in ecosystem processes and native ant biodiversity declines in invaded sites. Here, we studied seed removal by ants combining observations and a cafeteria experiment with seeds of four myrmecochorous plant species (Centaurea sphaerocephala, Rosmarinus officinalis, Silybum marianum, and Ulex australis) in two sites (invaded and uninvaded) located in the Mediterranean Montado ecosystem and classified as High Nature Value farmland (HNV). Significant differences in daily seed removal rates were found between the two study sites. In uninvaded sites, several native ant species were attracted to the seeds, resulting in all seeds being removed rapidly. The majority of seed removal events were carried out by two key seed disperses Pheidole pallidula (71%) and Aphaenogaster iberica (26%) with a clear preference for diaspored with larger and heavier elaiosome (i.e., C. sphaerocephala, S. marianum). By contrast, while the Argentine ant showed some interest (68% of seeds were interacted with), no seed removal events were observed. The extirpation of the local ant fauna by the Argentine ant and its inability to ensure seed dispersal services may lead to the interference and eventually to the collapse of seed dispersal of the four studied myrmecochorous plants in the invaded site in the future. We argue that these discrete but severe consequences of an invasive species on a key ecological process may strongly affect the functioning of the Montado ecosystem. Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [grant number PD/BD/114364/2016 and the project FCT-PTDC/AAG-GLO/0045/2014]. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion