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Despite social policies aiming to realize an inclusive society, social exclusion of vulnerable groups happens. We analyse the experiences of vulnerable persons with the implementation of social policies. The analysis of in-depth interviews highlights vulnerable persons' interactions with social policy practitioners. This insider's perspective provides insight in how they experience access to social rights. Respondents report feelings of intensified vulnerability, a confrontation with too much bureaucracy, and a range of insufficiencies in practitioners' approaches. The bureaucratic contexts often fail to meet persons needs due to protocols and budget restrictions. To implement a more individualized approach, practitioners need discretionary space in which they can apply moral-ethical considerations and be responsive to personal requests. Based on the acknowledgment of the insider's perspective and addressing the shortcomings of the social policy practice, practitioners can pave the way for more social justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Self-reliance and social participation are strongly promoted by social policy. Both concepts are linked to the concept of vulnerability, for people who do not meet these standards are labelled "vulnerable people". In this paper, the insider's perspective takes central stage by seeking to explore what it means to be labelled a "vulnerable person", and through this to further our insight into the meaning of the concept of vulnerability. Method: Thirty-three in-depth interviews were conducted with 16 allegedly vulnerable people. The data were subjected to thematic content analysis. Results: Our analysis revealed three main dimensions and eight sub-dimensions of perceived vulnerability, outlining an insider's concept of vulnerability. This concept includes manifestations of vulnerability, feelings coexisting with vulnerability, and the image of vulnerable people. Conclusion: The perception of vulnerability changes when interacting with others in society, especially with social policy implementers. In this interaction, the perceived vulnerability increases and becomes societal vulnerability. It concerns a dependency situation in which one's strength and self-determination are not recognized, and the help needed is not provided. By acknowledging the insider's perspective, social policy can fulfil a more empowering role towards "vulnerable people" and contribute to people's well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]