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Purpose: To evaluate intermediate-term outcomes and complications associated with Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation in eyes with type 1 keratoprosthesis (KPro)., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of 43 eyes of 43 Indian patients with type 1 KPro and AGV from 2009 to 2021 with a minimum of 6-months of follow-up. Five eyes that had AGV before KPro were excluded, leaving 38 eyes for analysis. Primary outcome measure was postoperative complications. Secondary outcome measure was stability of glaucoma, assessed by Humphrey visual fields, intraocular pressure, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Sight-threatening complications, implant removal, or repeat glaucoma surgery was considered failure., Results: Median age (interquartile range) at AGV implantation was 36.5 (23-49) years, with median post-AGV follow-up of 30.5 (6.5-53) months. Preoperative logarithm of minimal angle of resolution median BCVA was 0.6 (0.4-1). Post-AGV, median intraocular pressure as measured by scleral Schiotz reduced significantly from 30.4 (20.6-30.4) to 13.5(12.2-14.8) mm Hg (P < 0.0001), and the mean number of antiglaucoma medications significantly decreased from 3.4 to 1.7 (P < 0.0001). Mean BCVA (P = 0.24) remained stable. Humphrey visual fields mean deviation progressed from -13.5 dB (-25, -9) to -26 dB (-30, -13) at final follow-up (P = 0.05) and progression occurred in 10 eyes. Seven eyes (18.4%) had postoperative complications needing surgical intervention, including tube block [5 eyes (13.1%)] and tube exposure [2 eyes (5%)]. One failed AGV needed additional glaucoma surgery after 8 years. None had implant extrusion/explanation or endophthalmitis., Conclusions: Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation offered promising results in managing glaucoma in eyes with type 1 KPro, particularly in relatively young Indian population. However, close monitoring for tube-related complications and glaucoma progression is warranted., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding or conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2025 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Competing Interests: None

A 20-year-old man presented to us with injury to the left eye by a glass bulb 3 weeks ago. The acute injury resolved with a peculiar residual localised corneal oedema in the inferior one-third of the cornea . This localised oedema in absence of any evidence of a localised visible injury to the cornea indicated towards a possible retained foreign body. The foreign body visibility was equivocal on gonioscopy. Subsequently via a limbal incision, an endoscope was introduced into the anterior chamber. The endoscopic view revealed the glass foreign body lodged into the inferior angle of the eye which was removed with the help of an intraocular forceps. Over the next week, the corneal oedema resolved completely., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Background Context: Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is the most common disease of aging in humans. DDD is characterized by the gradual damage of the intervertebral discs. The disease is characterized by progressive dehydration of nucleus pulposus and disruption of annulus fibrosus of intervertebral disc., Purpose: Even though it is highly prevalent, there is no effective therapy to regenerate the degenerated disc, or decrease or halt the disease progression. Therefore, novel monitoring and diagnostic tests are essential to develop an alternative therapeutic strategies which can prevent further progression of disc degeneration., Study Design: The study was designed to understand the proteome map of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus tissues of intervertebral disc and its differential expression in patients with DDD., Methods: The proteome map of the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus tissues of intervertebral disc was cataloged involving one-dimensional gel electrophoresis-Fourier transform mass spectrometry/ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (FTMS/ITMSMS) analysis. The altered proteome patterns of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus tissues for DDD were identified using Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics coupled with FTMS/ITMSMS and network pathway analysis., Results: The study identified a total of 759 and 692 proteins from the annulus fibrosus and the nucleus pulposus tissues of the disc based on FTMS/ITMSMS analysis, which includes 118 proteins commonly identified between the two tissues. Vibrant changes were observed between the normal and the degenerating annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus tissues. A total of 73 and 54 proteins were identified as differentially regulated in the annulus and the nucleus tissues, respectively, between the normal and the degenerated tissues independently. Network pathway analysis mapped the differentially expressed proteins to cell adhesion, cell migration, and interleukin13 signaling pathways., Conclusions: Altogether, the current study provides a novel vision in the biomechanism of human disc degeneration and a certain number of proteins with the potential biomarker value for the preliminary diagnosis and scenario of DDD., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common age associated neurodegenerative disease, which has been extensively studied for its etiology and phenotype. PD has been widely studied in alternate model system such as rodents towards understanding the role of neurotoxin by inducing PD. This study is aimed to understand the biomechanism of PD in zebrafish model system induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The phenotype and role of various genes and proteins for Parkinsonism were tested and evaluated in this study using behavior, molecular and proteomic approaches. Zebrafish PD model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine showed a significant level of decrease in the movement with erratic swimming pattern and increased freezing bouts. CHCHD2, EEF2B, LRRK2, PARK7, PARK2, POLG, SNCGB and SYNB genes were differentially regulated at the transcript level in PD zebrafish. Similarly a total of 73 proteins were recognized as differentially expressed in the nervous system of zebrafish due to Parkinsonism based on quantitative proteomics approach. Proteins such as NEFL, MUNC13-1, NAV2 and GAPVD1 were down regulated in the zebrafish brain for the PD phenotype, which were associated with the neurological pathways. This zebrafish based PD model can be used as a potential model system for screening prospective drug molecules for PD., (© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

The molecular mechanism of epimorphic regeneration is elusive due to its complexity and limitation in mammals. Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms play a crucial role in development and regeneration. This investigation attempted to reveal the role of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, such as histone H3 and H4 lysine acetylation and methylation during zebrafish caudal fin regeneration. It was intriguing to observe that H3K9,14 acetylation, H4K20 trimethylation, H3K4 trimethylation and H3K9 dimethylation along with their respective regulatory genes, such as GCN5, SETd8b, SETD7/9, and SUV39h1, were differentially regulated in the regenerating fin at various time points of post-amputation. Annexin genes have been associated with regeneration; this study reveals the significant up-regulation of ANXA2a and ANXA2b transcripts and their protein products during the regeneration process. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and PCR analysis of the regulatory regions of the ANXA2a and ANXA2b genes demonstrated the ability to repress two histone methylations, H3K27me3 and H4K20me3, in transcriptional regulation during regeneration. It is hypothesized that this novel insight into the diverse epigenetic mechanisms that play a critical role during the regeneration process may help to strategize the translational efforts, in addition to identifying the molecules involved in vertebrate regeneration., (© 2016 by the Wound Healing Society.)

Background: Available evidence from India shows that the control of diabetes is poor in majority of the population. This escalates the risk of complications. There is no systematic review to estimate the magnitude of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in India., Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out in Ovid Medline and EMBASE databases using Mesh and key search terms. Studies which reported the proportion of people with diabetes with DR in a representative community population were included. Two independent reviewers reviewed all the retrieved publications. Data were extracted using a predefined form. Review Manager software was used to perform meta-analysis to provide a pooled estimate. Studies included were assessed for methodological quality using selected items from the STROBE checklist., Results: Seven studies (1999-2014; n = 8315 persons with diabetes) were included in the review. In the meta-analysis, 14.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.7-19.0%) of known diabetics aged ≥30 years and 18.1% (95% CI 14.8-21.4) among those aged ≥50 years had DR. Heterogeneity around this estimate ranged from I(2)= 79-87%. No linear trend was observed between age and the proportion with DR. The overall methodological quality of included studies was moderate., Conclusions: Early detection of DR is currently not prioritized in public health policies for noncommunicable diseases and blindness programs. Methodological issues in studies suggest that the proportion of diabetics with DR is underestimated in the Indian population. Future research should emphasize more robust methodology for assessing diabetes and DR status.

A series of new indole-2-carboxylic acid derived mono and bis 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3 triazoles (I(1)-I(6) and I(7)-I(12)) were synthesized and screened for their anticancer (in vitro and in vivo), antibacterial, and DNA cleavage activities. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral studies. The in vitro anticancer screening results revealed that compound I(12) has registered potential activity against MCF-7, HeLa and HEK293 as compared with the standard reference drug Cisplatin. Remaining compounds have exhibited moderate to good activity against three cancer cell lines. The antibacterial activity screening results revealed that compounds, I(6) and I(12) have registered excellent inhibition against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis in comparison with the standard drug Streptomycin. Compounds I(2) and I(11) have partially cleaved the DNA at 100 μg mL(-1) concentration., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)