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Objetivo. Valorar el estado de nutrición de niños que asisten al Instituto Alteño para el Desarrollo de Jalisco en Arandas, Jalisco, y discutir los criterios de clasificación de la desnutrición en México. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal, desarrollado con 775 niños de 12 a 120 meses de edad y que asisten al Instituto Alteño para el Desarrollo de Jalisco (Inadej) y 432 encuestas a niños de nuevo ingreso al Inadej. Se calcularon los índices peso/edad, talla/edad y peso/talla, y se investigaron características sociodemográficas y económicas y hábitos de alimentación; asimismo se compararon los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y de la Norma Oficial Mexicana (NOM-SSA) para definir la prevalencia de desnutrición. Resultados. Hubo baja escolaridad en ambos padres (3.6 años). El ingreso familiar fue de $198 dólares mensuales y cada miembro recibió 0.56 dólar/día para las tres comidas. La prevalencia de desnutrición fue mayor en los tres índices con el uso de la NOM-SSA que con el criterio de la OMS (peso/edad 91.7 vs. 30.9%; talla/edad 66.9 vs. 17.3%; peso/talla 62.5 vs. 9.5% respectivamente). Conclusiones. El índice peso/edad y la NOM SSA sobrestiman la prevalencia de desnutrición y no discriminan entre niños genéticamente pequeños, con desnutrición aguda o desnutrición crónica o pasada. Es más útil el criterio de la OMS. Se deben incluir los índices peso/talla (desnutrición reciente) y talla/edad (desnutrición crónica) para comparación internacional.

Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de deficiencia de hierro, yodo y parasitosis en niños que asisten al Instituto Alteño para el Desarrollo de Jalisco (Inadej), Arandas, Jalisco, México. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal efectuado entre 1997 y 1999 con 432 niños de 12 a 120 meses de edad, de nuevo ingreso al Inadej. Se determinaron variables hematológicas, yodo en orina y presencia de parásitos. Se utilizaron las pruebas Ji cuadrada y t de Student en variables no paramétricas y paramétricas. Resultados. Hubo más anemia (20 vs 7.4% p=0.007) y deficiencia de hierro (60.9 vs 44.4% p=0.02) en prescolares que en escolares. El 29% presentaron deficiencia de yodo (10.5% moderada o grave) y 47.2% parasitosis. Predominaron G. lamblia y E. histolytica. Bajo salario, sexo masculino y no tener seguridad social se asociaron con parasitosis. Conclusiones. La elevada prevalencia de deficiencia de hierro, yodo y parasitosis obliga al sector salud estatal a ejecutar medidas eficaces para abatir estas enfermedades prevenibles.

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Background: Nutrition transition provokes changes in the nutritional status of individuals subjected to the interaction of various environmental factors; therefore, the aim was to demonstrate that nutrition transition is associated with socioeconomic changes, eating habits and physical activity, potentially involved in stunting, overweight and obesity of schoolchildren., Methods: Case-control study. 102 participants from the Instituto Alteño para el Desarrollo de Jalisco (cases) and 194 from the elementary school system (controls), aged 5 to 12 years, were included. Dependent variables were these indexes weight/age (Z), height/age (Z), BMI (Z). Independent variables were the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Student's t test, chi square, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated., Results: Family income was low (p = 0.031) and unstable job was higher in cases: OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 2.8-6.0. The frequency of stunting was higher in cases (9.9% vs. 5.9%). The combination of overweight/obesity was higher in controls (27.3% vs. 16.8%), OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.0-3.4., Conclusions: The nutritional status of children of Arandas, Jalisco, has been modified by an accelerate nutrition transition, provoked by socioeconomic, educational and demographic factors that might have influence on the persistence of stunting and an increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity.

Background: In 2015, Mexico was the top country for childhood obesity. The objective was to identify the association between physical activity and sedentary lifestyle with the social and demographic characteristics of families of schoolchildren in Arandas, Jalisco, Mexico., Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 192 schoolchildren were randomly selected. Body mass index (BMI), active and sedentary behaviors, and socio-demographic characteristics of families were obtained. Logistic regression models with the included variables were constructed., Results: Males living in not-crowding houses [OR 6.12 (2.17-17.25), p = 0.001], whose mothers were housewives [OR 2.44 (1.00, 5.94), p = 0.05], practiced more physical activity. Active transport to school was more common in schoolchildren whose fathers had lower income [OR 3.13 (1.27, 7.7), p = 0.013] and employment as peasant or mason [OR 5.12 (1.13, 23.3), p = 0.034]. Schoolchildren of nuclear families spent more hours watching television [OR 2.69 (1.10, 6.58), p = 0.03]. The frequency of outdoor playing was higher in males whose fathers had unstable employment [OR 2.93 (1.06, 8.1), p = 0.038] and low education [OR 2.94 (0.96, 8.98), p = 0.059]., Conclusion: Families with lower socioeconomic strata (less educated parents, unstable employment and family overcrowding) are more associated with active activities that do not require active economic spending.

Objective: The objective of this study is to explore factors associated with iron depletion and parasites in preschool and school children attending the Instituto Alteño para el Desarrollo de Jalisco (INADEJ) and children who attend preschools and schools in Arandas, Jalisco., Methods: This cross sectional study assessed two groups of children. In the INADEJ group, 102 children aged 60 to 144 months old were included, and in the School group of Arandas, Jalisco, 206 children were randomly selected from schools and preschools in the same municipality., Variables: Ferritin concentration (μg/ml), parasites, demographic, socioeconomic, educational and dietary data were collected. The Student's t test, U Mann Whitney, chi square, odds ratio and logistic regressions were estimated., Results: Family income in the Schools group was $5,707 Mexican pesos (MP), which was higher than the family income in the INADEJ group ($4,311 MP), p = 0.031. The proportion of parents with incomplete primary education was higher in the INADEJ group (41.3%) than in the Schools group (35.4%) [OR = 1.88 (1.0-3.55)]. Unstable work was more frequent in the INADEJ group than in the Schools group [OR = 5.6 (3.26-9.62)]. The ferritin concentration was lower in the INADEJ group than in the Schools group (25 μg/L vs. 60 μg/mL, respectively), p <0.001. Having giardiasis and two or more parasites was more common in the INADEJ group compared with the Schools group [OR = 7.2 (2.25-23.0)] and [RM 3.86 (1.35-10.98)]. Heme iron intake was lower in the INADEJ group., Conclusion: Low family income, father's job instability, lower levels of education, overcrowding, living with animals and lower consumption of heme iron were associated with parasites and iron depletion., (Copyright AULA MEDICA EDICIONES 2014. Published by AULA MEDICA. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency, iodine deficiency and parasitosis in children attending the Instituto Alteño para el Desarrollo de Jalisco (Highlands Institute for Development of Jalisco State, INADEJ), Arandas, Jalisco, Mexico., Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between 1997 and 1999, among 432 children aged 12 to 120 months attending the INADEJ. Measurements included hematological values, urine iodine concentration, and presence of parasites. Student's t test chi square tests were used for parametric and nonparametric analysis., Results: The prevalence figures of anemia (20 vs 7.4%, p = 0.007) and iron deficiency (60.9 vs 44.4%, p = 0.02) were higher in preschool than in school children. Iodine deficiency was found in 29% (10.5% moderate or severe) and parasitosis in 47.2% of children, mainly E. histolytica (30.2%) and G. lamblia (28.9%). Low income, male gender and lack of social security policy holding were associated to parasitosis., Conclusions: The high prevalence rates of iron deficiency, iodine deficiency, and parasitosis, should be addressed by state health services with effective interventions to restrain these preventable diseases. The English version of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.

Objective: To assess the nutritional status of children attending the Instituto Alteño para el Desarrollo de Jalisco (Highlands Institute for Development of Jalisco State, Inadej) in Arandas, Jalisco and to discuss the classification criteria of infant malnutrition in Mexico., Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 775 children aged between twelve and one hundred and twenty months, who attended Inadej, including 432 children recently registered in INADEJ. Measurements included weight/age, height/age, and weight/height indices. The prevalence of malnutrition was compared using the WHO's criteria and the Mexican Official Norm Classification (NOM-SSA) criteria. The weight/age, height/age and weight/height indices were compared using the chi-squared test., Results: Parents' schooling level was low (mean = 3.6 years); the mean family income was U.S. $198.00 dollars per month, with each family member receiving 0.56 dollars per day for three daily meals. The prevalence of malnutrition was significantly higher with any of the three indices when using the NOM-SSA criteria, as compared to the WHO criteria (weight/age 91.7 vs. 30.9%; height/age 66.9 vs 17.3%; and weight/height 62.5 vs. 9.5%, respectively)., Conclusions: The weight/age index and the NOM-SSA criteria overestimate the prevalence of malnutrition and are not able to tell apart children with familial small size, nor those with acute and/or chronic or past malnutrition. The WHO criteria were found to be more useful; the weight/height (recent malnutrition) and height/age (chronic malnutrition) indices should be used for international comparisons. The English version of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.