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PURPOSE: This paper identifies the economic importance of the Polish Baltic Sea coast marinas. The investigated marinas are among the most prominent port structures and represent each section of the sea coast. In determining the economic impact of marinas, three effects were identified, i.e., direct, indirect and induced. These effects are discussed in terms of output, added value and employment., DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The economic importance of marinas was determined using an input-output method, often referred to as the Leontief model. The extent of the economic impact of the port was referred to the coastal sub-regions, i.e., Koszaliński, Słupski and Gdański, which are NUTS 3 territorial units. The regionalisation of the national input-output table was carried out using the Flegg location coefficient (FLQ). A comparative analysis was carried out, taking marinas in Spain and Italy as the object of comparison. The research was based on local statistics and survey results., FINDINGS: The strength of the impact of the studied marinas is less than their initial economic impetus. The direct and induced effect had the most significant impact on the economy of the sub-regions, with the indirect effect being of minor importance. The greater strength of the impact of the Valencia Region's marinas may result from the input-output table regionalisation technique adopted and the greater self-sufficiency of port cities in Spain. The dominance of the direct effect should be linked to the extensive network of links created by nautical tourism. The minor importance of the indirect effect is due to the limited inter-sectoral linkages. On the other hand, the lower significance of the induced effect in the case of Polish marinas is related to the lower level of development of the national economy and the failure to include investment expenditures in the model., PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The results of the study provide information for decision-makers on the economic importance of marinas. They allow investment funds to be concentrated on areas with the most significant impact on the local economy., ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The authors of this article were the first in the country to address the economic importance of marinas using the input-output method., peer-reviewed

AimThe aim of this study was to present one center experience in applying the SNOLL technique to patients with suspected occult breast lesions.BackgroundIn the last years, the widespread use of mammographic screening programs resulted in an increasing number of women with nonpalpable suspicious breast lesions requiring further examination. The new method called sentinel node and occult lesion localization (SNOLL) enables the intraoperative detection of nonpalpable breast tumors and sentinel node biopsy in one surgical procedure.Materials and methods46 patients with suspected malignant lesions or diagnosed non-palpable breast cancer were subjected to a pre-operative SNOLL procedure. The day before the surgery, they were administered two radiotracers: one to localize the tumor and the other to localize the sentinel node. During the surgery, the breast tumor and the sentinel node, which in most cases had been examined intraoperatively, were detected with a handheld gamma probe and resected under its control.ResultsAll 46 (100%) patients had their occult breast lesions resected. Histopathologic examination revealed cancer in 40 patients: in situ in 2 cases, invasive in 38 cases. All these patients had their sentinel nodes examined. In one case only, the sentinel node could not be located with a gamma probe. Intraoperative tests showed the sentinel node to be metastatic in 5 patients, who were then given a simultaneous axillary lymphadenectomy. In addition, the final histopathologic examination revealed metastasis to the sentinel node in one patient, who had to be reoperated.ConclusionSNOLL is a modern technique that enables a precise intraoperative localization of non-palpable suspected malignant breast lesions in combination with a sentinel node biopsy. Extended application of intraoperative management leads to significant decrease in the number of reoperations performed in patients with early bread cancer.

As the fishing fleet has been substantially reduced, Polish fishery still struggles with many issues, the most crucial of which are: unused cod fishing quotas, low profitability, obsolete and relatively uncompetitive fishing fleet, and the wasting of resources. Transferable Fishing Concessions (TFC) might be just the solution for the Polish fishery. They are one of the many mechanisms regulating the amount of fishing effort. In European fishery, TFC have been introduced on a large scale in Iceland, Denmark, Sweden and Estonia, and they proved very beneficial for the fishing industry. However, in the case of Iceland basing the TFC system on regulations which were too liberal, brought adverse consequences, such as: excessive concentration of catch, loss of partial control over the TFC, and marginalization of coastal fishery. TFC could contribute to the improvement in the situation of the Polish fishery, which is why their introduction should be taken into consideration. / Synopsis. Po znacznej redukcji floty rybackiej polskie rybołówstwo nadal boryka się z wieloma problemami. Najważniejszymi z nich są: niewykorzystany limit połowowy na dorsza, niska rentowność działalności, przestarzała i mało konkurencyjna flota rybacka oraz marnotrawienie zasobów. Zbywalne Koncesje Połowowe (ZKP) są jednym z wielu mechanizmów regulujących wielkość nakładu połowowego. W europejskim rybołówstwie na szeroką skalę ZKP wprowadziły Islandia, Dania, Szwecja oraz Estonia. Przyniosły one wiele korzyści dla ich rybołówstwa. Jednakże bardziej liberalne przepisy regulujące ZKP w rybołówstwie islandzkim doprowadziły do wielu negatywnych konsekwencji. Najważniejsze z nich to: nadmierna koncentracja połowów, utrata częściowej kontroli nad ZKP oraz marginalizacja rybołówstwa przybrzeżnego. Poprawa sytuacji polskiego rybołówstwa może nastąpić po wprowadzeniu do niego Zbywalnych Koncesji Połowowych. Warto więc rozważyć możliwość ich zastosowania.

Integration with the European Union allowed the restructuring of the Polish fishing sector on an unprecedented scale. Thanks to EU funding, the fishing fleet was reduced and partly modernized. No new fishing vessel was entered into operation. The restructuring of the fishing fleet was carried out almost exclusively owing to EU funding. Changes in the Polish fishing fleet improved the profitability of fishing and improved the sector’s competitiveness. This was a direct result of increased individual fishing quotas and modernized fishing vessels. The process of restructuring the Polish fishing fleet has not been concluded. Rejuvenation and modernization of the fleet are indispensable. The future Sea-Fishing Fund for 2014-2020 creates conditions for continuation of the changes already initiated. This will be possible thanks to limiting the generous subsidization of fishing in favor of the market’s greater influence. / Synopsis. Integracja z Unią Europejską, umożliwiła restrukturyzację polskiego sektora rybackiego na niespotykaną do tej pory skalę. Dzięki środkom unijnym przeprowadzono redukcję floty rybackiej oraz dokonano jej częściowej modernizacji. Natomiast nie wprowadzono do eksploatacji żadnego nowego statku rybackiego, a restrukturyzacja floty rybackiej dokonała się prawie wyłącznie dzięki środkom unijnym. Zmiany w polskiej flocie rybackiej zwiększyły rentowność połowów oraz poprawiły konkurencyjność sektora. Nastąpiło to w wyniku zwiększenia indywidualnych kwot połowowych oraz unowocześnienia jednostek rybackich. Proces restrukturyzacji polskiej floty rybackiej nie został zakończony. Konieczne jest jej unowocześnienie. Przyszły Fundusz Morsko-Rybacki na lata 2014-2020, stwarza warunki do kontynuowania rozpoczętych zmian. Ma to nastąpić w wyniku ograniczenia hojnego subsydiowania rybołówstwa na rzecz większego wpływu rynku.