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Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of malformations of the gastrointestinal tract (MGIT) in neonates in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational, case–control study on all intramural neonates till discharge/outcome for 1 year. Babies with MGIT diagnosed antenatally or postnatally were taken as cases and two consecutively born healthy babies were taken as controls. Results: Out of 25,116 live births, there were 41 cases of MGIT with a prevalence of 1.63 per 1000 live births. Tracheoesophageal fistula was the most common (39.02%), followed by anal atresia (24.39 %), esophageal atresia (9.46%), and mesenteric cyst (7.31%). Antenatally and postnatally, 16 (39.1%) and 25 (60.9%) cases were diagnosed, respectively. A significant association was observed between MGIT and lack of periconceptional iron/folic acid supplementation, birth weight 30 years, low socioeconomic profile, consanguinity, febrile illness in first trimester, and gender. The average time to onset of first feed and mean duration of hospital stay in babies with MGIT were 7 days and 14 days, respectively. Conclusion: Most MGIT can be diagnosed clinically and radiologically before/soon after birth and have a good outcome with timely surgical intervention. Pre-pregnancy counseling for periconceptional folic acid supplementation with screening ultrasonography, appropriate follow-up, and referral system should be developed for the management of these cases. A coordinated multidisciplinary approach for prevention, management, and rehabilitation of affected babies is required.

Background Adverse drug reactions are a significant burden on the health system across the world. Paradoxically, a considerable chunk of ADRs is missed or not reported on account of avoidable reasons, resulting in bottlenecks in carrying out the proper management. This problem is much more evident in India and other resource-limited communities than in the prosperous countries of the West. Aim and objective To provide a state-of-the-art update on pharmacovigilance with special reference to perspectives in India and make appropriate recommendations for improving ADR reporting. Design The contents are based on a review of English medical literature augmented with the author's first-hand experience in the field over the past more than a decade. Results Well-organized pharmacovigilance started in India with the launching of the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India in 2010. Despite it making a perceptible improvement in ADR reporting, high underreporting of ADRs still prevails. The yet greater thrust on inculcating awareness comprising knowledge attitudes and practices among the healthcare professionals is likely to lead to further improvement in ADR reporting, resulting in augmentation of the safe use of drugs. Conclusion Pharmacovigilance, a mandatory drug safety activity, needs to be propagated with yet greater vigor among healthcare professionals in India. How to cite this article Gupte N, Pradhan S. Pharmacovigilance: Perspectives in India. J Med Acad 2020;3(2):59–62.

Bleomycin toxicity predominantly affects the skin and lungs. Cutaneous toxicity classically known to present with bleomycin are flagellate erythema and drug rash. We hereby report an isolated case of (bleomyicn)-induced acquired partial (lipodytrophy) having potential cosmetic implications in a young women prescribed postoperatively following a case of germ cell carcinoma of ovary (endodermal sinus tumor).