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This bachelor thesis deals with the influence of the so-called Arab Spring on the rights and the status of women in Egypt. The thesis compares and analyses women's employment, family law, violence against women and other factors in three periods of time: before, during and after the so-called Arab Spring. The main aim of this work is to answer the question of whether the so-called Arab spring has brought women a better position in society. Individual articles about women's rights in Egyptian constitutions are analysed and then compared with international conventions on women's rights. These rights are then compared to the actual status of women as described in NGO reports and other sources.

This bachelor thesis focuses on the contemporary phenomenon of the Islamic state, which has become one of the worst threats, not only for countries situated in Middle East, but also for countries all around the world. Due to armed clashes and thought-out tactics of the Islamic State, Iraq's and Syria's inner systems have been destroyed and civil wars initiated. The aim of this thesis is primarily to find and analyze factors that led to the genesis of this organization and also to its huge expansion and support, which is why the Islamic state has gained control over significant parts in those mentioned countries.

The Golan Heights represent the area of approximately 1 800 km2, considerable part of which has been occupied by Israel since 1967. Although several rounds of negotiations between representatives of both countries were held, the peace agreement leading to the Israeli withdrawal from the occupied territory was still not reached. For Israel and Syria the land is important for security and political reasons. Thanks to its altitude the region may serve to control large area from the Lebanese border in the north to the Sea of Galilee in the south. The extensive water sources located in the region belonged to the main points of contention during the past negotiations. The course of peace process is also influenced by the distribution of political power in Israel and Syria. In these bachelor thesis three alternatives of future scenarios are made on the basis of different combinations of input factors. In the first of them successful peace negotiations are finished by the peace agreement. In the second scenario negotiations are not followed by an agreement and in the last scenario representatives of Israel and Syria will not held any negotiations at all.

Topic of the diploma thesis is problematic of French citizenship acquisition. Specifically, it focuses on obstacles and problems that occur during a process of acquisition that applicants have to face. The first part of the thesis consists of theoretical and methodological framework of citizenship concepts, principles for its acquisition and atypical conceptions of citizenship. The second part is namely addressed to French citizenship, changes of its content, and possibilities of its acquisition. The third chapter specifies obstacles and problems during the process of French citizenship acquisition and defines whether discrimination occurs regarding its acquisition.

This thesis deals with the possibilities of the syrian conflict resolution. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part consists of theoretical and methodological basis of the problem. Furthermore, it outlines the brief history of the conflict, defining individual actors and their interests. The third and final part is the core of the entire thesis and forms its practical side. There will be proposed a strategy of the Syrian conflict resolution in the form of recommendations to the world community and especially the Western superpowers and the United Nations.

This thesis aims to analyze the impact of the war in Syria on the political and security situation in Lebanon. In its first part, it offers a Lebanese historical overview, a presentation of the circumstances of the Lebanese civil war and an analysis of the relations between Lebanon and Israel, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the Gulf countries, France, the European Union and the United States. In its second part, this work focuses on Syria: a summary of the facts that led to war in 2011, the development of this war, the creation of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and finally an evaluation of the international interventions in said conflict. The last part is dedicated to the development of the Lebanese and Syrian relations, the evaluation of the security policy in Lebanon and the difficulties of the immigration crisis in that country.

The ongoing five-year-long conflict in Syria has had a significant influence on the situation in the Middle East region. Lebanon and Turkey, two of Syria's neighbouring countries, have taken in the highest number of registered Syrian refugees. This bachelor's thesis focuses on the analysis of the development of the Syrian conflict, the motives and actions of the most important participants and the effects of the conflict on Syrian economy. The thesis also describes the level of impact the Syrian conflict has had on the economy, society, politics, trade and security of the neighbouring Turkey and Lebanon and shows the transformation of the foreign relations of these countries with Syria. It also portrays the issues connected with the self-proclaimed Islamic State.

This bachelor's thesis focuses on the relations between selected non-government organizations and European Union in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The main object of this thesis is to analyse operations of the above-mentioned NGOs in connection with attitudes of EU to the main obstacle of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The purpose is to discover impact of EU on NGOs actions and if NGOs try to influence EU policy towards conflict. Besides the analysis thesis includes the characterization of the EU role in conflict, its engagement and development of official statements. It is also comprised of human rights abuse in the course of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict obtained from reports of Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and Human Rights Council.

The bachelor thesis deals with a theory of leadership, especially the basic rules on how to become a good leader, then the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and then deals with the personality of Yasser Arafat and his involvement in the Middle East, especially in matters of the peace proces. It clearly explains the gradual increase of his political power, his association with the Palestine Liberation Organization and the related impact on the most important events in the region, which might have ended differently without his involvement. The results of this study make it possible to prove that Yasser Arafat was one of the obstacles in efforts to achieve peace in the Middle East. The research methods were primarily used to find the answers.

The thesis is concerned with an assessment of the intervention against Islamic state. Just War Theory is used for this purpose and its criterions are applied on the case of intervention. The aim of this work is to answer the question if the intervention can be morally justified or not. Theoretical premises are elaborated in the first part especially the Just War Theory. Empirical part portrays the Syrian civil war, the situation in Iraq and the issue of the Islamic state. The intervention is analysed from the perspective of Just War Theory in the last part.

The aim of the thesis is to analyse the impact of the Israeli withdrawal from Gaza in 2005. This work is divided into two parts, theoretical and empirical. The first part deals with selected issues of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict by 2005, such as historical landmarks, especially the first Israeli-Arab war and the Six Day War, the international legal status of Gaza, on which a consensus did not exist and policy of the Jewish settlements. The practical part is specifically dedicated to the process of withdrawal and its impact on Israeli-Palestinian relations, especially on the economic situation and the lives of Palestinians in Gaza. Important attention is paid to the current situation of bilateral relations and the future of the Gaza Strip. The work is supplemented by pictorial documentation, selected UN resolutions and statistical data.

This bachelor's thesis analyzes the Israeli-Palestinian conflict on the territory of the City of Jerusalem since the establishment of the State of Israel until March 2015. The objective of the thesis is to find out whether Jerusalem hinders the resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and if so, then how. Within the framework of this matter, the thesis deals with the issue of main causes of disputes in the Holy City, the position of Jerusalem at the 2000 Camp David Summit, and possible proposals for the future arrangement of the city.

Iran´s reactions often seem very controlversial and inapprehensive to the western countries, therefore Iranian Islamic Republic represents an inscrutable actor in the international field. Construstivism introduces a new approach to this issue and it suggests not to consider Iran as an usual rational actor but to take into account the ideological factors as well. This paper deals with the construstivistic analysis of the foreign policy of the Iranian Islamic Republic towards the West and tries to answer the question if there is a role of the Iranian national identity in forming of the Iran´s foreign policy.

The bachelor thesis deals with the creating of statehood under international law of one of the current controversial entities striving for statehood - Palestine. The theoretical part is based on Montevideo Convention of 1933 which defines the characteristics of the state as a subject of international law, it focuses also on the self-determination right of nations, the creation and recognition of the state with its consequences. Individual criteria of statehood such as population, territory, government and capacity to act in international relations are analysed in the empirical part and then applied to the example of Palestine. The aim is to evaluate whether the criteria of statehood set in the theoretical part are fulfilled or what prevents them from fulfillment. The thesis tries to focus its analysis on the creating of statehood characteristics especially in historical context. The third chapter is devoted to the role of major international players in shaping of Palestinian statehood characteristics and their current attitudes to the question of Palestine. The work contributes to the clarification and better understanding of the issue of Palestinian statehood and offers a comprehensive view of its piecemeal forming and development.

"Arab World" is the only region in the world that lacks democratic values. However, back in December 2010, the authoritarian regimes of the Middle East had faced rapid and remarkable political change under the dynamics of the so-called "Arab Spring". The existing regimes in some of the Arab countries have met the popular opposition that demanded for the changes towards democratization processes, which was perceived by many scholars as a positive factor to the emergence of democracy. Since then, the question of the perspective of democratization of the Arab world has come to the agenda of most political debates. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to discuss and analyze whether democracy is able to develop in Arab region, what are the main challenges to it and whether in the past four years Arab Spring has facilitated the transformation of the political regimes.

In my diploma thesis I focused on human rights in Islam from the universal and the culture comparative point of view. A goal of my work was to find out, whether it is possible to justify the human rights abuses under the terms of concept of cultural relativism in the Islamic civilisation. The thesis should answer a question if it is possible to apply the principles of cultural relativism in case of human rights abuses in Saudi Arabia. This was achieved by analyzing the most important international and regional tools for human rights protection. The thesis is divided into three chapters, which are dedicating to this issue.

PhDr. Jana Gombárová Islamic Culture in Euro-Mediterranean Dialogue and its Reflection in the Czech Lands Abstract The general aim of the present Ph.D. thesis is a reflection of Islamic culture within the Euro-Mediterranean multi-cultural dialogue. Its specific aim is a study of reflection of the Arab and Islamic communities in the Czech Republic. The first chapter provides methodological and theoretical analyses of the conceptions of "end of history" by Francis Fukuyama and "clash of civilisations" by Samuel P. Huntington, which provoked a wide and controversial discussion both around the world and in our country. It also provides an analysis of more recent "catastrophic scenarios" (Laqueur, Spencer, Rodrígez, Sarazin). The Islamic culture within the Euro-Mediterranean dialogue and with the history of Barcelona process of cooperation of the European Union with the South- Mediterranean countries, which culminated in founding of the Union for Mediterranean in 2010, are also included in the chapter. Anna Lindh Foundation as a European non- government organisation and its network in the Czech Republic is an object of special interest. The last part of the chapter includes the controversial results of the "Arab Spring" characterized by the rise of Islamists to power. The second chapter is focused on...

This thesis deals with the Syrian conflict. The Syrian conflict has continued for over three years (April 2014) and still constitutes a topical and developing affair. It represents a pressing and unresolved national and international issue. There is a vast amount of groups with different ideas involved in this conflict. During the conflict, conventional, as well as chemical weapons were used. The consequences of the fighting are mostly faced by local inhabitants who have been severely suffering due to the harsh living and humanitarian conditions. The aim of this thesis is to depict the problems of the Syrian conflict, evaluate the role the UN has had up to the present, and answer the question whether the UN has totally failed in solving the Syrian conflict, or not.

This diploma thesis works with the hypothesis that the existence of oil, which is a non-renewable resource of energy with limited availability (geographically as well as in terms of the available amount)influenced internal formation and international relations of the Middle Eastern states, which are the primary world oil exporters. The main goal of this thesis is to analyse this assumption based on the history of oil industry and determine to what extent has the oil contributed to the current position of the Middle East in the international relations.

The issue of human rights - or rather women's rights - and their protection has become a very sensitive topic as of lately. Despite global efforts of upholding human rights we still encounter their violation and especially so in states where Islam is widespread. This work addresses the relation between Islam and human rights, especially women's rights, which tend to be suppressed in Islamic states. The work analyses basic international instruments for protection of human and women's rights in comparison to the Islamic conception. It most directly focuses on the example of Saudi Arabia, a state in which the violation of women's rights can be found most often.

This paper analyzes contemporary foreign relations of Egypt. In the first part of the thesis theoretical basis of the Tahrir revolution is discussed. The second part analyzes the impact of this event on the foreign policy position of Egypt in international relations on the example of relations with the United States, the European Union, including a separate analysis of the Egyptian-Czech relations, and the countries of the Gulf and the Middle East. Although two groups of actors changed representing the ruling elite - the military, the Islamists and the army again, both of them eventually apply the same approaches in the context of the foreign policy. This approach is characterized by particularly strong ties to the country's traditional partners, especially the U.S. and the rich Gulf states.

This diploma thesis analyzes the ideological basis of islamism and deals with the reasons, why this political ideology is becomimg more and more popular in the Middle East and the West. The thesis also analyzes the phenomenon of globalization, in other words the interconnection between islamists in today's world. The last chapter summarizes the facts about the civil war in Syria, where both - islamists from the Middle East, as well as islamists from the West, are involved. The main objective of this thesis was to prove that the civil war in Syria will have an influence on the spread of the political ideology of islamism.

This academic work examines the impact of the Egyptian revolution from January 25, 2011 and the after revolutionary events in Egypt on the Egypt-Israel relations with a special concern about the Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty from 1979.

Bachelor thesis focuses on the problematic development regarding Palestinian autonomy. It presents three aspects to evaluate the subject of this work. The first part describes the historical development of the conflict focusing on the impacts of development not only of Israel's political scene on Palestine, but also the development of the region itself and on the international scene as well. Religion, as the dominant element of politics not only in Israel, but also for many fundamentalist movements in Palestine, is discussed in the second part. This section focuses on defining Islam and Judaism, their differences, but also their common elements. The last section describes a brief democratic development in the Palestinian territories. Altogether their main purpose is to present whether it is possible for Palestine to be independent in the near future and if a longer peace is possible.

This thesis analyses Persian Gulf states foreign policies development and a position of the region in international relations using a collective case study. At the theoretical level the thesis works on the elements of (neo) realism, (neo) liberalism and social constructivism. The analysis is focused on security context and examines both challenges to internal security (regime and government, Shia expansion, the so called Arab spring, media) and external security (the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Syrian conflict, terrorism, globalization and oil market developments). In the regional security complex of the Gulf are involved interests of the three main world powers, U.S.A., Russia and China. Regional cooperation in the GCC organization and mutual relations of the Gulf States are important, too. Based on the findings it is possible to assert that the development of the region is dynamic and depends on the oil rents.

The content of the thesis is an analysis of the impact of the revolutions in the countries of North Africa during the year 2011 on the immigration and asylum policy of the European Union. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the response of the European Union and its member states to the migration situation. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first one describes the situation and migration during revolutions in the North Africa, the second chapter deals with the migration into the European Union. The third chapter analyzes the reaction of chosen member states and the institutions of the European Union. The last chapter finally evaluates the situation and identifies the opportunities and threats for the immigration and asylum policy of the European Union that emerged from the previous analysis.

The main goal of this thesis is to characterize the position and significance of Saudi Arabia in current international relations on the grounds of the historical development analysis and aspects that influence both national and foreign policy; and to zoom in the background of strategic partnership with chosen countries as well as in their consequences. Four chapters make the reader familiar with the concept of islam, wahhabi orthodoxy, shari'a law and the reign of the Saudi dynasty monarchs. They depict the progress in the political sphere and the reforms of King Abdullah as well. The economic situation and orientation is presented briefly with the power structure. The principal part is formed by the analysis of foreign policy and characteristics of possible clashes of concerns in bilateral relations with neighbouring states and other strategic partners.

The diploma thesis deals with the regime change in the context of the Arab Spring 2011 with focus on Tunisia, Egypt and Syria. The aim of the thesis is to determine factors causing different progress towards political reforms in each country. Theoretical framework is provided by characteristics of undemocratic regimes, transitions to democracy and democracy itself. Each country is introduced from the historical point of view with focus on the 20th century, especially current methods of the governance. Several conclusions are made based on analytical -- synthetical method of reviewing historical, political and socioeconomical factors determining the domestic situation in compared countries and explaining their influence on different transition progress towards the new political system.

In the last decade, there has been a significant shift in Turkish foreign policy. The AKP government promotes a new approach to foreign policy (Strategic depth), that aims to use Turkey's potential and expand its sphere of influence. This paper examines the AKP ideology, Ahmet Davutoglu's concept of strategic depth as well as Turkey relations with neighboring countries (Iraq, Syria, Iran, Armenia) western allies (USA and Israel) and the Caspian region.

The diploma thesis analyses the role of Iran in contemporary relations. It discuss its position by means of its historic background, its religious beliefs, its economic situation, the monetary aspects and its inner politic situation. The main attention is focused on its relations with the United States of America, particularly on economic ties, petrodollar policy and on the Iranian nuclear program threat. It also pays attention to the context of oil importance in the Middle East and to the Israeli foreign policy.

In my work I have focused on the Eastern Partnership (EaP) as an instrument of EU (foreign) policy towards its eastern neighbors with regard to the geopolitical implications of collaboration through the given initiative. My ambition has been to identify the potential benefits of initiating the project, especially in political-security and energy aspects. The first chapter focuses on the theoretical concept of geopolitics as well as the geopolitical definition of the East-European region. The second chapter is devoted to the conceptualisation of the EaP as an specific instrument of the European foreign policy as well as the concrete implementation of the EaP in practice. The third chapter deals with particular relevance to this project with the (geo)strategic objectives of the EU as well as the analysis of the EaP in terms of effective functioning.

The Netherlands is a country well known for it's deep tradition of toleration, freedom of speech and safety. It has provided a shelter to many oppressed people already since 16. century. Only the german occupation could stop this tradition for a while. This tradition, however, seems to be turning against the whole country. The Netherlands is now officially acknowledged to be an immigrant country and represents a popular destination of immigration for many different people from many different places. To prevent the inevitable impacts that mass immigration has on a society, the dutch government has been trying to develop the most efficient immigration and integration policy already since 1970s. The dutch integration policy changed throughout the past decades a lot. In 1980s and 1990s the main course of the integration policy was represented by the theory of multiculturalism which turned into individual integration in the begining of new millenium. This thesis analyses and evaluates the individual integration policy and it's effect on integration of muslims into the dutch society, as the muslims are considered to be the most problematic group of immigrants in the country.

Resume Presented dissertation discusses the topic of environment for female employment in the Sultanate of Oman as created by the state. The research is done on two levels. In the first one analysis of public policy and its implementation is presented, the second one examines the laws and legislative process. Besides analysis of the environment for female employment, the dissertation aims to pinpoint the gaps and obstacles in current planning and legal framework, and to offer recommendations for improving the situation. The study uses qualitative research methods, primarily contents and gender analysis, complemented by chronological descriptive method.

Water is an essential liquid for life. Although we are in the 21th century, a billion of people lack access to safe drinking water. In comparison with the first half of the 20th century, the access to safe fresh water has decreased three times. The most serious situation is in the 30 countries located in the Middle East and Africa. The specificity of the situation in the West Bank, among others, lies in an ongoing long-standing religious and political conflict over territory and water supplies are an integral part of it. An important factor in the issue of the activity on both sides of the border is at the level of non-governamental sector, but these initiatives face barriers of economic and especially political nature.

This bachelor thesis is concerned with non-governmental organizations, concretely with Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, and their influence on adherence to human rights in Iran. In the first part, meaning, functions, limits and methods of NGOs to fulfill their aims are defined. Next part is focused on Iran, the structure of power-sharing, the conventions Iran signed and ratified and on its modern history in the context of human rights. Practical part analyses tools used by these NGOs, scale of fulfilling these four defined methods and on these basis work and influence is compared, considering inner and outer limits. Positives, achievments, and negatives are evaluated with the recommendations on increasing of effectiveness.

The submitted thesis seeks to answer the question "Is the relationship between Islam and terrorism uniquely determined?". It is divided into three parts. The first chapter aims to define the term terrorism, with the associated basic facts, as well as the progressive historical development. The second part is concerned with the theme of the youngest monotheistic religion - Islam. Besides the phasing its history, it includes the fundamental realities connected to it. The final chapter unifies the theory contained in the previous two sections with practice and illustrates it on the various examples of terrorist acts. The main objective is to answer the hypothesis stated in the introduction of work.

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is one of the most serious conflicts nowadays. That's why the Palestine's situation also destabilizes the balance of powers in the world. The aim of this thesis is to outline possible solutions of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict by analyzing the history of the conflict and its most significant problems -- the disputes over Jerusalem, the situation of Palestinian refugees, establishing fixed borders between Israel and Palestine and also the issue of Jewish settlements. To solve these matters, however, the peace talks between Israel and Palestine, which are described later on in this thesis, must be renewed. Finding a definite solution is closely connected with the development not only in Palestine and Israel but in other Arab countries and the countries of the West as well.

In autumn 2010 France enacted a legal ban on concealment of the face in public. The veiling of Muslim women affected by the law became a delicate topic of debates in the French society. This paper analyzes the enacted law in relation to the phenomenon called Islamophobia. It offers a deeper look at the headscarf affair and deals closely with the process of enactment of the law.

UNRWA (United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East) is an agency constituted by the United Nations. Its mission is to provide aid to Palestine refugees in the Near East, advocate for their needs and improve their life conditions. The main objective of this Bachelor project is to analyze UNRWA activities including its structure and funding, to characterize different approaches in all areas in question and most importantly to examine contribution of UNRWA in the region as well as its negative aspects. Furthermore, historical facts and reasons for Palestine refugee conflict are discussed. The hypothesis of this project is the following: UNRWA activities in the Near East have a positive effect on social and economical well-being of the Palestine refugees. Also a research question has been raised: Is UNRWA effective and contributes to the stability in the Near East?

The aim of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate wheather the Palestinian autonomy, which is located in the Gaza strip and the West bank of Jordan, fulfills the conditions of statehood acording to international law.

Iran is one of few countries in the world which still maintain sentence of a cruel death penalty by stoning. Even though there are very oppressive conditions in Iran, because of great iranian social activism there was launched a very famous campaign Stop Stoning Forever whose members struggle against stoning women as a symbol of patriarchal dominance over women and their body.

Jordan due to its geographical location is located at the heart of the Arab-Israeli conflict. This fact significantly affects its domestic policy, foreign policy and economic development. An important aspect of Jordan's development is also the presence of Palestinians, who currently make up approximately half of the population. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the influence of internal and external factors on political and economic development of Jordan and especially on the formation of its foreign policy and then to assess the position of Jordan in actual international relations. Jordan's foreign policy is based on balancing between the relations with neighboring Arab states and the strategically important relationship with the Western powers, particularly the United States of America. Jordan is also a key participant in the Middle East peace process and is one of the few Arab countries that signed a peace treaty with Israel and maintains with Israel full diplomatic relations.

The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyze the position of Iran in international scale on the basis of its relations to the countries in the Gulf region and the region of the Caspian Sea as well as its relations with today Western powers. The first two chapters are handling the domestic affairs in Iran. This theme is devided into two chapters --before the Islamic Revolution and after it. The third chapter describes the power structure in Iran briefly and deals also with the iranian democracy including the opposition. The forth chapter is crucial. It analyzes the relations of Iran to concrete countries or regions. The first part defines Iran as the player in the Near East region -- in the area of Persian Gulf and its relations to other close neighbours. The second part characterizes the position of Iran among the countries of the Caspian Sea and Russia. The third part studies its contemporary relations to the West countries -- USA and EU.

The paper describes the issue of the Palestinian refugees in the context of relations between State of Israel and Palestinian people. It contains historical background of the israeli-palestinian conflict. The paper follows the evolution of the Palestinian refugee issue during the 20th century. Further it interprets demands of both sides of the conflict employing official resources of such organizations that represent Palestinian interests and Izraeli state institutions. Last, the issue is discussed again in the light of newly initiated peace talks between Israel and Palestinian Authority.

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the influence of the settlements on the peace process. It views the settlements as one of the problematic points of the permanent status. It also tries to outline the possibilities of future development of this problem regarding present situation. First part of the thesis presents historic moments that are important for this issue. The second part offers different views of the structure of settlements in the West Bank. The third part deals with the legal dimension of settlements, local administration, and the land-seizure methods. The fourth part is about political representation of the settlers, and also about anti-settler movements. The last part defines settlements as an obstacle in the peace process, and deals with perspectives of future disengagement possibilities.

After the Second World War a new actor appeared on the international scene,replacing not too successful League of Nations, the United Nations. The Question of Palestine has been on the agenda of the United Nations since the Organization's earliest days. The international community was forced to settle the situation in the Middle East. This issue is not a part of the history, on the contrary, it is still a question of immediate interest. The UN role is not limited to adopting resolutions, the scope of activities is broader, although it has not fulfilled all the original expectations. Peace in the Middle East is currently conditioned by resolving the fundamental issues. The thesis deals with four of them: the Palestinian refugee, the status of Jerusalem, the issue of securing water resources and the Jewish settlements. The UN resolutions reflect its reactions to the most important events in the Middle East conflict. However,the role of the UN in the peace process is minor than in the past, in some areas it has been yet irreplaceable, it serves as a significant platform for mutual dialog between conflict parties.

The submitted diploma thesis deals with failed states and tries to find out whether the Republic of Yemen can be classified as a failed state. First of all, the diploma thesis defines the term state and its functions, and then focuses on the terminology of weak statehood that has come into existence in the international politics. The thesis concentrates on the Failed States Index and analyzes its social, political and economic indicators. The theory is later applied on the case of Republic of Yemen.

The aim of this thesis is to look at all the factors that affect not only the course of the Middle East conflict, but also internal and foreign policy of the United States. The aim is to describe the situation of the Middle East conflict and its links to the unflagging efforts and policies of the United States, especially in the last few years by U.S. President Barack Obama. The term Middle East conflict was for the purpose of this thesis reduced to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the Obama administration's role in the peace process.

The thesis presents geopolitical situation of South Caucasus region in relation to Europe, with focus on the European Union. Specific geopolitical conditions of the South Caucasus led from the emergence of independent states in this area to so called "new great game" of interests of global powers. The relationship of the European Union to the South Caucasus developed in the time and in the thesis is presented on the background of this "game". The armed conflict of Georgia and Russia from August 2008 was a radical event in many aspects. And the European Union played one of the most important roles in it. With regard to a quite limited character of previous cooperation, this was a challenge for change in the European approach to the region. The goal of the thesis is whether the European Union managed to orient itself in the new geopolitical conditions of the region and succeeded to take advantage of such a possibility.